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Jiang Y, Liu Z, Liao Y, Sun S, Dai Y, Tang Y. Ischemic stroke: From pathological mechanisms to neuroprotective strategies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1013083. [PMID: 36438975 PMCID: PMC9681807 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1013083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has complex pathological mechanisms, and is extremely difficult to treat. At present, the treatment of IS is mainly based on intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, but they are limited by a strict time window. In addition, after intravenous thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, damaged neurons often fail to make ideal improvements due to microcirculation disorders. Therefore, finding suitable pathways and targets from the pathological mechanism is crucial for the development of neuroprotective agents against IS. With the hope of making contributions to the development of IS treatments, this review will introduce (1) how related targets are found in pathological mechanisms such as inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and complement system activation; and (2) the current status and challenges in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenquan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyong Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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2
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Wang J, Wang S, Zhang H. Modulation of Astrocytic Glutamine Synthetase by Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in JNK-Independent Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:682051. [PMID: 35295462 PMCID: PMC8915561 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.682051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: The glutamine synthetase (GS), an astrocyte-specific enzyme, plays an important role in neuroprotection through the glutamate/glutamine shuttle and can be modulated by endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) through extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase ½ (ERK1/2) and p38 signaling pathways. However, the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in the modulation of GS in astrocytes by 2-AG is not clear. Materials and Methods: The expression of GS and JNK in astrocytes following the exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined with Western blotting and immunochemistry. Results: The results revealed that short-term exposure to LPS activated GS and increased phosphorylation of JNK in astrocytes in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with 2-AG reversed the changes in GS but had no effect on the activation of JNK. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the activation of JNK induced by LPS is not involved in the modulation of astrocytic GS by 2-AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Temporomandibular disorders and traumatic brain injury: Two sides of the same coin. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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4
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Zhou Y, Eid T, Hassel B, Danbolt NC. Novel aspects of glutamine synthetase in ammonia homeostasis. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Hossain MZ, Ando H, Unno S, Kitagawa J. Targeting Peripherally Restricted Cannabinoid Receptor 1, Cannabinoid Receptor 2, and Endocannabinoid-Degrading Enzymes for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Including Neuropathic Orofacial Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1423. [PMID: 32093166 PMCID: PMC7073137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain conditions including neuropathic orofacial pain (NOP) are difficult to treat. Contemporary therapeutic agents for neuropathic pain are often ineffective in relieving pain and are associated with various adverse effects. Finding new options for treating neuropathic pain is a major priority in pain-related research. Cannabinoid-based therapeutic strategies have emerged as promising new options. Cannabinoids mainly act on cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) receptors, and the former is widely distributed in the brain. The therapeutic significance of cannabinoids is masked by their adverse effects including sedation, motor impairment, addiction and cognitive impairment, which are thought to be mediated by CB1 receptors in the brain. Alternative approaches have been developed to overcome this problem by selectively targeting CB2 receptors, peripherally restricted CB1 receptors and endocannabinoids that may be locally synthesized on demand at sites where their actions are pertinent. Many preclinical studies have reported that these strategies are effective for treating neuropathic pain and produce no or minimal side effects. Recently, we observed that inhibition of degradation of a major endocannabinoid, 2-arachydonoylglycerol, can attenuate NOP following trigeminal nerve injury in mice. This review will discuss the above-mentioned alternative approaches that show potential for treating neuropathic pain including NOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan; (S.U.); (J.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan; (S.U.); (J.K.)
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan; (S.U.); (J.K.)
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6
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Wang S, Zhang H, Geng B, Xie Q, Li W, Deng Y, Shi W, Pan Y, Kang X, Wang J. 2-arachidonyl glycerol modulates astrocytic glutamine synthetase via p38 and ERK1/2 pathways. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:220. [PMID: 30075820 PMCID: PMC6091076 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glutamine synthetase (GS), an astrocyte-specific enzyme, is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation which activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) has been described to serve as an endogenous mediator of analgesia and neuroprotection. However, whether 2-AG can directly influence astrocytic GS and MAPK expressions remains unknown. Methods In the present study, the effects of 2-AG on astrocytic GS expression, p38 and ERK1/2 expression, cell viability, and apoptosis following LPS exposure were investigated. Results The results revealed that LPS exposure increased GS expression with p38 activation in the early phase and decreased GS expression with activation of ERK1/2, decrease of cell viability, and increase of apoptosis in the late phase. Inhibition of p38 reversed GS increase in the early phase while inhibition of ERK1/2 reversed GS decrease in the late phase induced by LPS exposure. 2-AG protected astrocytes from increase of apoptosis and decrease of cell viability induced by the late phase of LPS exposure. In the early phase of LPS exposure, 2-AG could suppress the increase of GS expression and activation of p38 signaling. In the late phase of LPS exposure, 2-AG could reverse the decrease of GS expression and activation of ERK1/2 induced by LPS. Conclusion These findings suggest that 2-AG could maintain the GS expression in astrocytes to a relatively stable level through modulating MAPK signaling and protect astrocytes from LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Pan
- Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82 Cuiyingmen Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China.
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Ohshima H. Oral biosciences: The annual review 2017. J Oral Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Watase T, Shimizu K, Ohara K, Komiya H, Kanno K, Hatori K, Noma N, Honda K, Tsuboi Y, Katagiri A, Shinoda M, Ogiso B, Iwata K. Role of medullary astroglial glutamine synthesis in tooth pulp hypersensitivity associated with frequent masseter muscle contraction. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918763270. [PMID: 29448913 PMCID: PMC5858619 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918763270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying tooth pulp hypersensitivity associated with masseter muscle hyperalgesia remain largely underinvestigated. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether masseter muscle contraction induced by daily electrical stimulation influences the mechanical head-withdrawal threshold and genioglossus electromyography activity caused by the application of capsaicin to the upper first molar tooth pulp. We further investigated whether astroglial glutamine synthesis is involved in first molar tooth pulp hypersensitivity associated with masseter muscle contraction. Methods The first molar tooth pulp was treated with capsaicin or vehicle in masseter muscle contraction or sham rats, following which the astroglial glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine or Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was applied. Astroglial activation was assessed via immunohistochemistry. Results The mechanical head-withdrawal threshold of the ipsilateral masseter muscle was significantly decreased in masseter muscle contraction rats than in sham rats. Genioglossus electromyography activity was significantly higher in masseter muscle contraction rats than sham rats. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive cell density was significantly higher in masseter muscle contraction rats than in sham rats. Administration of methionine sulfoximine induced no significant changes in the density of glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive cells relative to PBS treatment. However, mechanical head-withdrawal threshold was significantly higher in masseter muscle contraction rats than PBS-treated rats after methionine sulfoximine administration. Genioglossus electromyography activity following first molar tooth pulp capsaicin treatment was significantly lower in methionine sulfoximine-treated rats than in PBS-treated rats. In the ipsilateral region, the total number of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase immunoreactive cells in the medullary dorsal horn was significantly smaller upon first molar tooth pulp capsaicin application in methionine sulfoximine-treated rats than in PBS-treated rats. Conclusions Our results suggest that masseter muscle contraction induces astroglial activation, and that this activation spreads from caudal to the obex in the medullary dorsal horn, resulting in enhanced neuronal excitability associated with astroglial glutamine synthesis in medullary dorsal horn neurons receiving inputs from the tooth pulp. These findings provide significant insight into the mechanisms underlying tooth pulp hypersensitivity associated with masseter muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Watase
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimizu
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Kohei Shimizu, Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Kinuyo Ohara
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Hiroki Komiya
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Kohei Kanno
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hatori
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Noboru Noma
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Kuniya Honda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsuboi
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Ayano Katagiri
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Bunnai Ogiso
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Sasaki A, Hasegawa N, Adachi K, Sakagami H, Suda N. Orthodontic treatment-induced temporal alteration of jaw-opening reflex excitability. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2289-2295. [PMID: 28724785 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00379.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of orofacial motor function during orthodontic treatment needs to be addressed, because most orthodontic patients experience pain and motor excitability would be affected by pain. In the present study, the temporal alteration of the jaw-opening reflex excitability was investigated to determine if orthodontic treatment affects orofacial motor function. The excitability of jaw-opening reflex evoked by electrical stimulation on the gingiva and recorded bilaterally in the anterior digastric muscles was evaluated at 1 (D1), 3 (D3), and 7 days (D7) after orthodontic force application to the teeth of right side; morphological features (e.g., osteoclast genesis and tooth movement) were also evaluated. To clarify the underlying mechanism of orthodontic treatment-induced alteration of orofacial motor excitability, analgesics were administrated for 1 day. At D1 and D3, orthodontic treatment significantly decreased the threshold for inducing the jaw-opening reflex but significantly increased the threshold at D7. Other parameters of the jaw-opening reflex were also evaluated (e.g., latency, duration and area under the curve of anterior digastric muscles activity), and only the latency of the D1 group was significantly different from that of the other groups. Temporal alteration of the jaw-opening reflex excitability was significantly correlated with changes in morphological features. Aspirin (300 mg·kg-1·day-1) significantly increased the threshold for inducing the jaw-opening reflex, whereas a lower dose (75-150 mg·kg-1·day-1) of aspirin or acetaminophen (300 mg·kg-1·day-1) failed to alter the jaw-opening reflex excitability. These results suggest that an increase of the jaw-opening reflex excitability can be induced acutely by orthodontic treatment, possibly through the cyclooxygenase activation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is well known that motor function is affected by pain, but the effect of orthodontic treatment-related pain on the trigeminal motor excitability has not been fully understood. We found that, during orthodontic treatment, trigeminal motor excitability is acutely increased and then decreased in a week. Because alteration of trigeminal motor function can be evaluated quantitatively by jaw-opening reflex excitability, the present animal model may be useful to search for alternative approaches to attenuate orthodontic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Au Sasaki
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoya Hasegawa
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Adachi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics Science, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan; and
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoto Suda
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
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Hossain MZ, Unno S, Ando H, Masuda Y, Kitagawa J. Neuron-Glia Crosstalk and Neuropathic Pain: Involvement in the Modulation of Motor Activity in the Orofacial Region. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102051. [PMID: 28954391 PMCID: PMC5666733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic orofacial pain (NOP) is a debilitating condition. Although the pathophysiology remains unclear, accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms in the development of neuropathic pain. Recently, glial cells have been shown to play a key pathogenetic role. Nerve injury leads to an immune response near the site of injury. Satellite glial cells are activated in the peripheral ganglia. Various neural and immune mediators, released at the central terminals of primary afferents, lead to the sensitization of postsynaptic neurons and the activation of glia. The activated glia, in turn, release pro-inflammatory factors, further sensitizing the neurons, and resulting in central sensitization. Recently, we observed the involvement of glia in the alteration of orofacial motor activity in NOP. Microglia and astroglia were activated in the trigeminal sensory and motor nuclei, in parallel with altered motor functions and a decreased pain threshold. A microglial blocker attenuated the reduction in pain threshold, reduced the number of activated microglia, and restored motor activity. We also found an involvement of the astroglial glutamate–glutamine shuttle in the trigeminal motor nucleus in the alteration of the jaw reflex. Neuron–glia crosstalk thus plays an important role in the development of pain and altered motor activity in NOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Yuji Masuda
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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Hossain MZ, Shinoda M, Unno S, Ando H, Masuda Y, Iwata K, Kitagawa J. Involvement of microglia and astroglia in modulation of the orofacial motor functions in rats with neuropathic pain. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Avivi-Arber L, Seltzer Z, Friedel M, Lerch JP, Moayedi M, Davis KD, Sessle BJ. Widespread Volumetric Brain Changes following Tooth Loss in Female Mice. Front Neuroanat 2017; 10:121. [PMID: 28119577 PMCID: PMC5220047 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss is associated with altered sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional functions. These changes vary highly in the population and are accompanied by structural and functional changes in brain regions mediating these functions. It is unclear to what extent this variability in behavior and function is caused by genetic and/or environmental determinants and which brain regions undergo structural plasticity that mediates these changes. Thus, the overall goal of our research program is to identify genetic variants that control structural and functional plasticity following tooth loss. As a step toward this goal, here our aim was to determine whether structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) is sensitive to detect quantifiable volumetric differences in the brains of mice of different genetic background receiving tooth extraction or sham operation. We used 67 adult female mice of 7 strains, comprising the A/J (A) and C57BL/6J (B) strains and a randomly selected sample of 5 of the 23 AXB-BXA strains (AXB1, AXB4, AXB24, BXA14, BXA24) that were produced from the A and B parental mice by recombinations and inbreeding. This panel of 25 inbred strains of genetically diverse inbred strains of mice is used for mapping chromosomal intervals throughout the genome that harbor candidate genes controlling the phenotypic variance of any trait under study. Under general anesthesia, 39 mice received extraction of 3 right maxillary molar teeth and 28 mice received sham operation. On post-extraction day 21, post-mortem whole-brain high-resolution sMRI was used to quantify the volume of 160 brain regions. Compared to sham operation, tooth extraction was associated with a significantly reduced regional and voxel-wise volumes of cortical brain regions involved in processing somatosensory, motor, cognitive and emotional functions, and increased volumes in subcortical sensorimotor and temporal limbic forebrain regions including the amygdala. Additionally, comparison of the 10 BXA14 and 21 BXA24 mice revealed significant volumetric differences between the two strains in several brain regions. These findings highlight the utility of high-resolution sMRI for studying tooth loss-induced structural brain plasticity in mice, and provide a foundation for further phenotyping structural brain changes following tooth loss in the full AXB-BXA panel to facilitate mapping genes that control brain plasticity following orofacial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Avivi-Arber
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ze'ev Seltzer
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Friedel
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, ON, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Massieh Moayedi
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen D. Davis
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Sessle
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Pun H, Awamleh L, Lee JC, Avivi-Arber L. Decreased face primary motor cortex (face-M1) excitability induced by noxious stimulation of the rat molar tooth pulp is dependent on the functional integrity of medullary astrocytes. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:645-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Avivi-Arber L, Lee JC, Sood M, Lakschevitz F, Fung M, Barashi-Gozal M, Glogauer M, Sessle BJ. Long-term neuroplasticity of the face primary motor cortex and adjacent somatosensory cortex induced by tooth loss can be reversed following dental implant replacement in rats. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:2372-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limor Avivi-Arber
- Department of Prosthodontic; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Jye-Chang Lee
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Mandeep Sood
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Department of Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Flavia Lakschevitz
- Department of Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Michelle Fung
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Maayan Barashi-Gozal
- Department of Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Department of Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Barry J. Sessle
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
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Awamleh L, Pun H, Lee JC, Avivi-Arber L. Decreased face primary motor cortex (face-M1) excitability induced by noxious stimulation of the rat molar tooth pulp is dependent on the functional integrity of face-M1 astrocytes. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:1261-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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