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Anthoney N, Tainton-Heap L, Luong H, Notaras E, Kewin AB, Zhao Q, Perry T, Batterham P, Shaw PJ, van Swinderen B. Experimentally induced active and quiet sleep engage non-overlapping transcriptional programs in Drosophila. eLife 2023; 12:RP88198. [PMID: 37910019 PMCID: PMC10619980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep in mammals can be broadly classified into two different physiological categories: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS), and accordingly REM and SWS are thought to achieve a different set of functions. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is increasingly being used as a model to understand sleep functions, although it remains unclear if the fly brain also engages in different kinds of sleep as well. Here, we compare two commonly used approaches for studying sleep experimentally in Drosophila: optogenetic activation of sleep-promoting neurons and provision of a sleep-promoting drug, gaboxadol. We find that these different sleep-induction methods have similar effects on increasing sleep duration, but divergent effects on brain activity. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that drug-induced deep sleep ('quiet' sleep) mostly downregulates metabolism genes, whereas optogenetic 'active' sleep upregulates a wide range of genes relevant to normal waking functions. This suggests that optogenetics and pharmacological induction of sleep in Drosophila promote different features of sleep, which engage different sets of genes to achieve their respective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Anthoney
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Lucy Tainton-Heap
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Hang Luong
- School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Eleni Notaras
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Amber B Kewin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Qiongyi Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Paul J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
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2
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Anthoney N, Tainton-Heap LA, Luong H, Notaras E, Kewin AB, Zhao Q, Perry T, Batterham P, Shaw PJ, van Swinderen B. Experimentally induced active and quiet sleep engage non-overlapping transcriptional programs in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535331. [PMID: 37066182 PMCID: PMC10103959 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sleep in mammals can be broadly classified into two different physiological categories: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS), and accordingly REM and SWS are thought to achieve a different set of functions. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is increasingly being used as a model to understand sleep functions, although it remains unclear if the fly brain also engages in different kinds of sleep as well. Here, we compare two commonly used approaches for studying sleep experimentally in Drosophila: optogenetic activation of sleep-promoting neurons and provision of a sleep-promoting drug, Gaboxadol. We find that these different sleep-induction methods have similar effects on increasing sleep duration, but divergent effects on brain activity. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that drug-induced deep sleep ('quiet' sleep) mostly downregulates metabolism genes, whereas optogenetic 'active' sleep upregulates a wide range of genes relevant to normal waking functions. This suggests that optogenetics and pharmacological induction of sleep in Drosophila promote different features of sleep, which engage different sets of genes to achieve their respective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Anthoney
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | | | - Hang Luong
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Eleni Notaras
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Amber B. Kewin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Qiongyi Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Paul J. Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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3
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González J, Cavelli M, Mondino A, Castro-Zaballa S, Brankačk J, Draguhn A, Torterolo P, Tort ABL. Breathing modulates gamma synchronization across species. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:49-63. [PMID: 36190562 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nasal respiration influences brain dynamics by phase-entraining neural oscillations at the same frequency as the breathing rate and by phase-modulating the activity of faster gamma rhythms. Despite being widely reported, we still do not understand the functional roles of respiration-entrained oscillations. A common hypothesis is that these rhythms aid long-range communication and provide a privileged window for synchronization. Here we tested this hypothesis by analyzing electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings in mice, rats, and cats during the different sleep-wake states. We found that the respiration phase modulates the amplitude of cortical gamma oscillations in the three species, although the modulated gamma frequency bands differed with faster oscillations (90-130 Hz) in mice, intermediate frequencies (60-100 Hz) in rats, and slower activity (30-60 Hz) in cats. In addition, our results also show that respiration modulates olfactory bulb-frontal cortex synchronization in the gamma range, in which each breathing cycle evokes (following a delay) a transient time window of increased gamma synchrony. Long-range gamma synchrony modulation occurs during quiet and active wake states but decreases during sleep. Thus, our results suggest that respiration-entrained brain rhythms orchestrate communication in awake mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078, Brazil.
| | - Matias Cavelli
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Alejandra Mondino
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jurij Brankačk
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriano B L Tort
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078, Brazil.
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4
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Chen X, Shi X, Wu Y, Zhou Z, Chen S, Han Y, Shan C. Gamma oscillations and application of 40-Hz audiovisual stimulation to improve brain function. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2811. [PMID: 36374520 PMCID: PMC9759142 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Audiovisual stimulation, such as auditory stimulation, light stimulation, and audiovisual combined stimulation, as a non-invasive stimulation, which can induce gamma oscillation, has received increased attention in recent years, and it has been preliminarily applied in the clinical rehabilitation of brain dysfunctions, such as cognitive, language, motor, mood, and sleep dysfunctions. However, the exact mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of 40-Hz audiovisual stimulation remains unclear; the clinical applications of 40-Hz audiovisual stimulation in brain dysfunctions rehabilitation still need further research. OBJECTIVE In order to provide new insights into brain dysfunction rehabilitation, this review begins with a discussion of the mechanism underlying 40-Hz audiovisual stimulation, followed by a brief evaluation of its clinical application in the rehabilitation of brain dysfunctions. RESULTS Currently, 40-Hz audiovisual stimulation was demonstrated to affect synaptic plasticity and modify the connection status of related brain networks in animal experiments and clinical trials. Although its promising efficacy has been shown in the treatment of cognitive, mood, and sleep impairment, research studies into its application in language and motor dysfunctions are still ongoing. CONCLUSIONS Although 40-Hz audiovisual stimulation seems to be effective in treating cognitive, mood, and sleep disorders, its role in language and motor dysfunctions has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songmei Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai No.3 Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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5
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Cavelli M, Castro‐Zaballa S, Gonzalez J, Rojas‐Líbano D, Rubido N, Velásquez N, Torterolo P. Nasal respiration entrains neocortical long‐range gamma coherence during wakefulness. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:1463-1477. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Santiago Castro‐Zaballa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Daniel Rojas‐Líbano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social Facultad de Psicología Universidad Diego Portales Santiago Chile
| | - Nicolas Rubido
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Física Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Noelia Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
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6
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Carrera-Cañas C, Garzón M, de Andrés I. The Transition Between Slow-Wave Sleep and REM Sleep Constitutes an Independent Sleep Stage Organized by Cholinergic Mechanisms in the Rostrodorsal Pontine Tegmentum. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:748. [PMID: 31396036 PMCID: PMC6663996 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little information on either the transition state occurring between slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, as well as about its neurobiological bases. This transition state, which is known as the intermediate state (IS), is well-defined in rats but poorly characterized in cats. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that cholinergic stimulation of the perilocus coeruleus α nucleus (PLCα) in the pontine tegmentum of cats induced two states: wakefulness with muscle atonia and a state of dissociated sleep we have called the SPGO state. The SPGO state has characteristics in common with the IS, such including the presence of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves (PGO) and EEG synchronization with δ wave reduction. Therefore, the aims of the present study were (1) to characterize the IS in the cat and, (2), to study the analogy between the SPGO and the different sleep stages showing PGO activity, including the IS. Polygraphic recordings of 10 cats were used. In seven cats carbachol microinjections (20-30 nL, 0.01-0.1 M) were delivered in the PLCα. In the different states, PGO waves were analyzed and power spectra obtained for the δ, θ, α, and β bands of the EEG from the frontal and occipital cortices, and for the θ hippocampal band. Statistical comparisons were made between the values obtained from the different states. The results indicate that the IS constitutes a state with characteristics that are distinct from both the preceding SWS and the following REM sleep, and that SPGO presents a high analogy with the IS. Therefore, the SPGO state induced by administering carbachol in the PLCα nucleus seems to be an expression of the physiological IS of the cat. Consequently, we propose that the PLCα region, besides being involved in the mechanisms of muscle atonia, may also be responsible for organizing the transition from SWS to REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel de Andrés
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Garcia‐Rill E, D'Onofrio S, Mahaffey SC, Bisagno V, Urbano FJ. Bottom-up gamma and bipolar disorder, clinical and neuroepigenetic implications. Bipolar Disord 2019; 21:108-116. [PMID: 30506611 PMCID: PMC6441386 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This limited review examines the role of the reticular activating system (RAS), especially the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), one site of origin of bottom-up gamma, in the symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS The expression of neuronal calcium sensor protein 1 (NCS-1) in the brains of BD patients is increased. It has recently been found that all PPN neurons manifest intrinsic membrane beta/gamma frequency oscillations mediated by high threshold calcium channels, suggesting that it is one source of bottom-up gamma. This review specifically addresses the involvement of these channels in the manifestation of BD. RESULTS Excess NCS-1 was found to dampen gamma band oscillations in PPN neurons. Lithium, a first line treatment for BD, was found to decrease the effects of NCS-1 on gamma band oscillations in PPN neurons. Moreover, gamma band oscillations appear to epigenetically modulate gene transcription in PPN neurons, providing a new direction for research in BD. CONCLUSIONS This is an area needing much additional research, especially since the dysregulation of calcium channels may help explain many of the disorders of arousal in, elicit unwanted neuroepigenetic modulation in, and point to novel therapeutic avenues for, BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Garcia‐Rill
- Center for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas
| | - Stasia D'Onofrio
- Center for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas
| | - Susan C Mahaffey
- Center for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas
| | - Veronica Bisagno
- Center for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas,IFIBYNECONICETUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Francisco J Urbano
- Center for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas,IFIBYNECONICETUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
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8
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Stefani A, Holzknecht E, Högl B. Clinical neurophysiology of REM parasomnias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 161:381-396. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64142-7.00062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Voss U, D'Agostino A, Kolibius L, Klimke A, Scarone S, Hobson JA. Insight and Dissociation in Lucid Dreaming and Psychosis. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2164. [PMID: 30483185 PMCID: PMC6241172 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dreams and psychosis share several important features regarding symptoms and underlying neurobiology, which is helpful in constructing a testable model of, for example, schizophrenia and delirium. The purpose of the present communication is to discuss two major concepts in dreaming and psychosis that have received much attention in the recent literature: insight and dissociation. Both phenomena are considered functions of higher order consciousness because they involve metacognition in the form of reflective thought and attempted control of negative emotional impact. Insight in dreams is a core criterion for lucid dreams. Lucid dreams are usually accompanied by attempts to control the dream plot and dissociative elements akin to depersonalization and derealization. These concepts are also relevant in psychotic illness. Whereas insightfulness can be considered innocuous in lucid dreaming and even advantageous in psychosis, the concept of dissociation is still unresolved. The present review compares correlates and functions of insight and dissociation in lucid dreaming and psychosis. This is helpful in understanding the two concepts with regard to psychological function as well as neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Voss
- Psychology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,VITOS Hochtaunus Klinik, Psychiatrisches Krankenhaus, Friedrichsdorf, Germany
| | - Armando D'Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Kolibius
- Psychology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,VITOS Hochtaunus Klinik, Psychiatrisches Krankenhaus, Friedrichsdorf, Germany
| | - Ansgar Klimke
- Psychology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Silvio Scarone
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - J Allan Hobson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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EEG dissociation induced by muscarinic receptor antagonists: Coherent 40 Hz oscillations in a background of slow waves and spindles. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:28-37. [PMID: 30321557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesopontine and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are involved in the control of behavioral states and cognitive functions. Animals treated with cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonists display a dissociated state characterized by behavioral wakefulness (W) associated with high amplitude slow oscillations and spindles in the electroencephalogram (EEG), similar to those that occur during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Oscillations in the gamma frequency band (≈ 40 Hz) of the EEG also play a critical role during W and cognition. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of muscarinic antagonists on the EEG gamma band power and coherence. Five cats were implanted with electrodes in different cortices to monitor the EEG. The effects of atropine and scopolamine on power and coherence within the low gamma frequency band (30-45 Hz) from pairs of EEG recordings were analyzed and compared to gamma activity during sleep and W. Muscarinic antagonists induced a NREM sleep-like EEG profile that was accompanied by a large increase in gamma power and coherence. The values of gamma coherence were similar to that occurring during alert W (AW), and greater than in quiet W, NREM and REM sleep. We conclude that under atropine or scopolamine, functional interactions between cortical areas in the gamma frequency band remain high, as they are during AW. This significant functional connectivity at high frequency may explain why the animals remain awake in spite of the presence of slow waves and spindles.
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11
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Urbano FJ, Bisagno V, Mahaffey S, Lee SH, Garcia-Rill E. Class II histone deacetylases require P/Q-type Ca 2+ channels and CaMKII to maintain gamma oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13156. [PMID: 30177751 PMCID: PMC6120910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms (i.e., histone post-translational modification and DNA methylation) play a role in regulation of gene expression. The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), part of the reticular activating system, manifests intrinsic gamma oscillations generated by voltage-dependent, high threshold N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. We studied whether PPN intrinsic gamma oscillations are affected by inhibition of histone deacetylation. We showed that, a) acute in vitro exposure to the histone deacetylation Class I and II inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA, 1 μM) eliminated oscillations in the gamma range, but not lower frequencies, b) pre-incubation with TSA (1 μM, 90-120 min) also decreased gamma oscillations, c) Ca2+ currents (ICa) were reduced by TSA, especially on cells with P/Q-type channels, d) a HDAC Class I inhibitor MS275 (500 nM), and a Class IIb inhibitor Tubastatin A (150-500 nM), failed to affect gamma oscillations, e) MC1568, a HDAC Class IIa inhibitor (1 μM), blocked gamma oscillations, and f) the effects of both TSA and MC1568 were blunted by blockade of CaMKII with KN-93 (1 μM). These results suggest a cell type specific effect on gamma oscillations when histone deacetylation is blocked, suggesting that gamma oscillations through P/Q-type channels modulated by CaMKII may be linked to processes related to gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Urbano
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department Neurobiology & Dev. Sci., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,IFIBYNE, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Bisagno
- ININFA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susan Mahaffey
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department Neurobiology & Dev. Sci., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department Neurobiology & Dev. Sci., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department Neurobiology & Dev. Sci., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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12
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Zucca A, Zucca S, Wickens J. Cholinergic mechanisms in adaptive behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1146-1147. [PMID: 29770984 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Zucca
- Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Stefano Zucca
- Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jeff Wickens
- Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
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13
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Garcia-Rill E, Mahaffey S, Hyde JR, Urbano FJ. Bottom-up gamma maintenance in various disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 128:31-39. [PMID: 29353013 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintained gamma band activity is a key element of higher brain function, participating in perception, executive function, and memory. The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), as part of the reticular activating system (RAS), is a major source of the "bottom-up" flow of gamma activity to higher regions. However, interruption of gamma band activity is associated with a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review will focus on the role of the PPN in activating higher regions to induce arousal and descending pathways to modulate posture and locomotion. As such, PPN deep brain stimulation (DBS) can not only help regulate arousal and stepping, but continuous application may help maintain necessary levels of gamma band activity for a host of other brain processes. We will explore the potential future applications of PPN DBS for a number of disorders that are characterized by disturbances in gamma band maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - S Mahaffey
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - F J Urbano
- IFIBYNE (CONICET-UBA), DFBMC, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Castro-Zaballa S, Cavelli ML, Gonzalez J, Nardi AE, Machado S, Scorza C, Torterolo P. EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:766. [PMID: 30705645 PMCID: PMC6345101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive processes are carried out during wakefulness by means of extensive interactions between cortical and subcortical areas. In psychiatric conditions, such as psychosis, these processes are altered. Interestingly, REM sleep where most dreams occurs, shares electrophysiological, pharmacological, and neurochemical features with psychosis. Because of this fact, REM sleep is considered a natural model of psychosis. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that at sub-anesthetic dose induces psychotomimetic-like effects in humans and animals, and is employed as a pharmacological model of psychosis. Oscillations in the gamma frequency band of the electroencephalogram (EEG), mainly at about 40 Hz, have been involved in cognitive functions. Hence, the present study was conducted to analyze the EEG low gamma (30-45 Hz) band power and coherence of the cat, in natural (REM sleep) and pharmacological (sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine) models of psychosis. These results were compared with the gamma activity during alert (AW) and quiet wakefulness (QW), as well as during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Five cats were chronically prepared for polysomnographic recordings, with electrodes in different cortical areas. Basal recordings were obtained and ketamine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, i.m.) was administrated. Gamma activity (power and coherence) was analyzed in the abovementioned conditions. Compared to wakefulness and NREM sleep, following ketamine administration gamma coherence decreased among all cortical regions studied; the same coherence profile was observed during REM sleep. On the contrary, gamma power was relatively high under ketamine, and similar to QW and REM sleep. We conclude that functional interactions between cortical areas in the gamma frequency band decrease in both experimental models of psychosis. This uncoupling of gamma frequency activity may be involved in the cognitive features shared by dreaming and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías Lorenzo Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquin Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociência da Atividade Física, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociência da Atividade Física, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,The Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Merida, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,The Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Merida, Mexico
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15
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Cavelli M, Rojas-Líbano D, Schwarzkopf N, Castro-Zaballa S, Gonzalez J, Mondino A, Santana N, Benedetto L, Falconi A, Torterolo P. Power and coherence of cortical high-frequency oscillations during wakefulness and sleep. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 48:2728-2737. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Daniel Rojas-Líbano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social; Facultad de Psicología; Universidad Diego Portales; Santiago Chile
| | - Natalia Schwarzkopf
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Mondino
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Noelia Santana
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Luciana Benedetto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Atilio Falconi
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño; Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
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16
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Urbano FJ, Bisagno V, Garcia-Rill E. Arousal and drug abuse. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:276-281. [PMID: 28729115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reticular activating system (RAS) is not an amorphous region but distinct nuclei with specific membrane properties that dictate their firing during waking and sleep. The locus coeruleus and raphe nucleus fire during waking and slow wave sleep, with the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) firing during both waking and REM sleep, the states manifesting arousal-related EEG activity. Two important discoveries in the PPN in the last 10 years are, 1) that some PPN cells are electrically coupled, and 2) every PPN cell manifests high threshold calcium channels that allow them to oscillate at beta/gamma band frequencies. The role of arousal in drug abuse is considered here in terms of the effects of drugs of abuse on these two mechanisms. Drug abuse and the perception of withdrawal/relapse are mediated by neurobiological processes that occur only when we are awake, not when we are asleep. These relationships focus on the potential role of arousal, more specifically of RAS electrical coupling and gamma band activity, in the addictive process as well as the relapse to drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Bisagno
- IFIBYNE-CONICET, ININFA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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17
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D'Onofrio S, Mahaffey S, Garcia-Rill E. Role of calcium channels in bipolar disorder. CURRENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:122-135. [PMID: 29354402 PMCID: PMC5771645 DOI: 10.2174/2211556006666171024141949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterized by a host of sleep-wake abnormalities that suggests that the reticular activating system (RAS) is involved in these symptoms. One of the signs of the disease is a decrease in high frequency gamma band activity, which accounts for a number of additional deficits. Bipolar disorder has also been found to overexpress neuronal calcium sensor protein 1 (NCS-1). Recent studies showed that elements in the RAS generate gamma band activity that is mediated by high threshold calcium (Ca2+) channels. This mini-review provides a description of recent findings on the role of Ca2+ and Ca2+ channels in bipolar disorder, emphasizing the involvement of arousal-related systems in the manifestation of many of the disease symptoms. This will hopefully bring attention to a much-needed area of research and provide novel avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia D'Onofrio
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Susan Mahaffey
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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