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Huỳnh C, Beaulieu-Thibodeau A, Fallu JS, Bergeron J, Jacques A, Brochu S. Factors related to the low-risk perception of driving after cannabis use. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 202:107584. [PMID: 38692126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Modifying risk perceptions related to driving after cannabis use (DACU) could deter individuals from enacting this behavior, as low-risk perception is associated with DACU engagement. This study identified sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, other driving behaviors, peer norms, and psychological characteristics that are associated with lower risk perception regarding DACU. METHODS Canadian drivers aged 17-35 who have used cannabis in the past year (n = 1,467) completed an online questionnaire. A multivariate linear regression model allowed for identifying variables associated with the low-risk perception of DACU (i.e. believing it to be safe as one's driving ability is not impaired by cannabis or by being high). RESULTS Lower risk perception of DACU was associated with identifying as male, weekly to daily cannabis use, engagement in DACU, general risky driving behaviors, being a passenger of a driver who engages in DACU, number of friends who engage in DACU, and peer approval of DACU. Having driven under the influence of alcohol, living in urban areas, having received traffic tickets in the past three years, and declaring past-week irritability and cognitive problems were associated with holding a higher risk perception related to DACU. DISCUSSION Road education and prevention programs should target attitudes and perceptions regarding risks shaped by sociocultural norms and past risky driving experiences. They need to reach out more specifically to drivers with the identified characteristics associated with the low-risk perception of DACU. These interventions can potentially help reduce the rate of individuals who engage in this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Huỳnh
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Alexis Beaulieu-Thibodeau
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Fallu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Bergeron
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Jacques
- Program to Assess and Reduce the Risk of Impaired Driving, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Brochu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Scheliga S, Schwank R, Scholle R, Habel U, Kellermann T. A neural mechanism underlying predictive visual motion processing in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 318:114934. [PMID: 36347125 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic symptoms may be traced back to sensory sensitivity. Thereby, visual motion (VM) processing particularly has been suggested to be impaired in schizophrenia (SCZ). In healthy brains, VM underlies predictive processing within hierarchically structured systems. However, less is known about predictive VM processing in SCZ. Therefore, we performed fMRI during a VM paradigm with three conditions of varying predictability, i.e., Predictable-, Random-, and Arbitrary motion. The study sample comprised 17 SCZ patients and 23 healthy controls. We calculated general linear model (GLM) analysis to assess group differences in VM processing across motion conditions. Here, we identified significantly lower activity in right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) for SCZ patients. Therefore, right TPJ was set as seed for connectivity analyses. For patients, across conditions we identified increased connections to higher regions, namely medial prefrontal cortex, or paracingulate gyrus. Healthy subjects activated sensory regions as area V5, or superior parietal lobule. Reduced TPJ activity may reflect both a failure in the bottom-up flow of visual information and a decrease of signal processing as consequence of increased top-down input from frontal areas. In sum, these altered neural patterns provide a framework for future studies focusing on predictive VM processing to identify potential biomarkers of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Scheliga
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty RWTH, Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rosalie Schwank
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty RWTH, Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruben Scholle
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty RWTH, Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty RWTH, Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thilo Kellermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty RWTH, Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Huỳnh C, Beaulieu-Thibodeau A, Fallu JS, Bergeron J, Jacques A, Brochu S. Typologies of Canadian young adults who drive after cannabis use: A two-step cluster analysis. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2022; 40:310-330. [PMID: 35445426 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Young adults that drive after cannabis use (DACU) may not share all the same characteristics. This study aimed to identify typologies of Canadians who engage in DACU. About 910 cannabis users with a driver's license (17-35 years old) who have engaged in DACU completed an online questionnaire. Two-step cluster analysis identified four subgroups, based on driving-related behaviors, cannabis use and related problems, and psychological distress. Complementary comparative analysis among the identified subgroups was performed as external validation. The identified subgroups were: (1) frequent cannabis users who regularly DACU; (2) individuals with generalized deviance with diverse risky road behaviors and high levels of psychological distress; (3) alcohol and drug-impaired drivers who were also heavy frequent drinkers; and (4) well-adjusted youths with mild depressive-anxious symptoms. Individuals who engaged in DACU were not a homogenous group. When required, prevention and treatment need to be tailored according to the different profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Huỳnh
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Beaulieu-Thibodeau
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Fallu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Public Health Research, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Bergeron
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Jacques
- Program to Assess and Reduce the Risk of Impaired Driving, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Brochu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Lew BJ, Salimian A, Wilson TW. Occipital neural dynamics in cannabis and alcohol use: independent effects of addiction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22258. [PMID: 34782632 PMCID: PMC8593162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and cannabis use disorder (AUD/CUD) are two of the most common addictive disorders. While studies are beginning to understand the neural changes related to acute and chronic use, few studies have examined the independent effects of AUD and CUD on neural oscillatory activity. We examined 45 adults who reported current use of both cannabis and alcohol. Participants underwent the SCID-V to determine whether they met criteria for AUD and/or CUD. Participants also completed a visual-spatial processing task while undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG). ANCOVA with a 2 × 2 design was then used to identify the main effects of AUD and CUD on source-level oscillatory activity. Of the 45 adults, 17 met criteria for AUD, and 26 met criteria for CUD. All participants, including comparison groups, reported use of both cannabis and alcohol. Statistical analyses showed a main effect of AUD, such that participants with AUD displayed a blunted occipital alpha (8-16 Hz) response. Post-hoc testing showed this decreased alpha response was related to increased AUD symptoms, above and beyond amount of use. No effects of AUD or CUD were identified in visual theta or gamma activity. In conclusion, AUD was associated with reduced alpha responses and scaled with increasing severity, independent of CUD. These findings indicate that alpha oscillatory activity may play an integral part in networks affected by alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Lew
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Drive, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anabel Salimian
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Drive, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Drive, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA.
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Huỳnh C, Beaulieu-Thibodeau A, Fallu JS, Bergeron J, Flores-Aranda J, Jacques A, Brochu S. Risk Factors Associated With Driving After Cannabis Use Among Canadian Young Adults. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426211049359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study identifid the most prominent risk factors associated with driving after cannabis use (DACU). 1,126 Canadian drivers (17–35 years old) who have used cannabis in the past 12 months completed an online questionnaire about sociodemographic information, substance use habits, cannabis effect expectancies, driving behaviours and peers’ behaviours and attitudes concerning DACU. A hierarchical logistic regression allowed identifying variables that were associated with DACU. Income (CA$30,000–CA$69,000), weekly-to-daily cannabis use, higher level of cannabis-related problems, expectation that cannabis facilitates social interactions, drunk driving, belief that DACU is safe, general risky driving behaviours, having a few friends who had DACU and injunctive norms predicted past 12-month DACU. Older age, holding negative expectations concerning cannabis, driving aggressively and perceived accessibility of public transportation decreased the probability of DACU. With restricted resources, programmes will be more efficient by targeting Canadian young adults most inclined to DACU by focussing on these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Huỳnh
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Beaulieu-Thibodeau
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Fallu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Bergeron
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge Flores-Aranda
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Social Work, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Jacques
- Program to Assess and Reduce the Risk of Impaired Driving, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Brochu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Grodin EN, Burnette E, Towns B, Venegas A, Ray LA. Effect of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis co-use on gray matter volume in heavy drinkers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 35:760-768. [PMID: 34435833 PMCID: PMC8484037 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis are the three most frequently used drugs in the United States and co-use is common. Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use has been separately associated with altered brain structure, and alcohol and tobacco co-use results in decreases in gray matter volume. Less is known about the effect of alcohol and cannabis co-use, and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis tri-use. Therefore, this study examined the effect of co- and tri-use on gray matter volume, a measure of brain cell density, in heavy drinkers. METHOD Heavy drinkers (n = 237; 152m/85f; age = 32.52; white = 111; black = 28; Latino = 9; American Indian = 2; Pacific Islander = 4; Asian = 59; mixed = 15; other = 9) were classified into four groups based on their alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use: alcohol only users (n = 70), alcohol and tobacco co-users (n = 90), alcohol and cannabis co-users (n = 35), and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis tri-users (n = 42). All participants completed a structural MRI scan. Voxel-based morphometry was conducted to evaluate the effect of co-use on gray matter volume, with alcohol only users as the reference group. Age, sex, and scanner were included as covariates. RESULTS Alcohol and tobacco co-users had significantly decreased left orbitofrontal gray matter volume relative to alcohol only users (Cohen's d = .79). There were no differences in gray matter volume between the alcohol only and alcohol and cannabis co-users, or between the alcohol only and tri-user groups. CONCLUSION The additive effect of tobacco co-use on gray matter volumes in heavy drinkers was limited and localized. The effect of tri-use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis may have interacted, such that overlapping cannabis and tobacco use masked volume differences present in separate co-using groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth Burnette
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brandon Towns
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexandra Venegas
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Time-course change in attentional resource allocation during a spot-the-difference task: investigation using an eye fixation-related brain potential. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sami MB, McCutcheon RA, Ettinger U, Williams S, Lythgoe D, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. Cannabis Use Linked to Altered Functional Connectivity of the Visual Attentional Connectivity in Patients With Psychosis and Controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Both chronic cannabis use and psychotic disorders are associated with abnormalities in visual attentional processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we sought to determine whether there would be a difference in functional connectivity in patients and controls with and without a history of cannabis use in the visual and dorsal attention networks.
Methods
Resting-state fMRI data were acquired in patients with early psychosis with (EPC = 29) and without (EPNC = 25); and controls with (HCC = 16) and without (HCNC = 22) cannabis use.
Results
There was a patient effect in both Visual-Dorsal Attention Internetwork (F(1,87) = 5.326, P = .023) and the Visual Network (F(1,87) = 4.044, P = .047) and a cannabis effect in the Dorsal Attention Network (F(1,87) = 4.773, P = .032). These effects were specific to the networks examined with no evidence for significant patient or cannabis effects in other canonical networks. Patients with a history of cannabis use showed increased connectivity in the Dorsal Attention Network (134%, P = .019) and Visual Dorsal Attention Internetwork (285%, P = .036) compared to non-using controls. In the EPC group connectivity of the Visual Network (ρ = 0.379, P = .042) and Visual-Dorsal Attention Internetwork (ρ = 0.421, P = .023) correlated with visual hallucinations which were significantly different from EPNC (P = .011). Dorsal attention network strength correlated with severity of dependence for cannabis (ρ = 0.215, P = .04).
Conclusion
We demonstrate specific cannabis and patient effects in networks associated with visual attentional processing. There is a differential association with hallucinatory symptoms in patients with and without a history of cannabis use. This may indicate that dysconnectivity in these networks serves different roles in the context of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Basseer Sami
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Steve Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dave Lythgoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences King’s College London, London, UK
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