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Shiratori R, Yokoi T, Kinoshita K, Xue W, Sasaki T, Kuga N. The Posterior Insular Cortex is Necessary for Feeding-Induced Jejunal Myoelectrical Activity in Male Rats. Neuroscience 2024; 553:40-47. [PMID: 38936460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract exhibits coordinated muscle motility in response to food digestion, which is regulated by the central nervous system through autonomic control. The insular cortex is one of the brain regions that may regulate the muscle motility. In this study, we examined whether, and how, the insular cortex, especially the posterior part, regulates gastrointestinal motility by recording jejunal myoelectrical signals in response to feeding in freely moving male rats. Feeding was found to induce increases in jejunal myoelectrical signal amplitudes. This increase in the jejunal myoelectrical signals was abolished by vagotomy and pharmacological inhibition of the posterior insular cortex. Additionally, feeding induced a decrease and increase in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activities, respectively, both of which were eliminated by posterior insular cortical inhibition. These results suggest that the posterior insular cortex regulates jejunal motility in response to feeding by modulating autonomic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Shiratori
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taiki Yokoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Wenfeng Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Department of Neuropharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Okonogi T, Kuga N, Yamakawa M, Kayama T, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Stress-induced vagal activity influences anxiety-relevant prefrontal and amygdala neuronal oscillations in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:183. [PMID: 38195621 PMCID: PMC10776769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve crucially affects emotions and psychiatric disorders. However, the detailed neurophysiological dynamics of the vagus nerve in response to emotions and its associated pathological changes remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the spike rates of the cervical vagus nerve change depending on anxiety behavior in an elevated plus maze test, and these changes were eradicated in stress-susceptible male mice. Furthermore, instantaneous spike rates of the vagus nerve were negatively and positively correlated with the power of 2-4 Hz and 20-30 Hz oscillations, respectively, in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The oscillations also underwent dynamic changes depending on the behavioral state in the elevated plus maze, and these changes were no longer observed in stress-susceptible and vagotomized mice. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation restored behavior-relevant neuronal oscillations with the recovery of altered behavioral states in stress-susceptible mice. These results suggested that physiological vagal-brain communication underlies anxiety and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Okonogi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Musashi Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Vallone F, Dushpanova A, Leali M, Strauss I, Agnesi F, Zinno C, Casieri V, Carrozzo A, Bernini F, Terlizzi D, Carpaneto J, Micera S, Lionetti V. Left cardiac vagotomy rapidly reduces contralateral cardiac vagal electrical activity in anesthetized Göttingen minipigs. Int J Cardiol 2024; 394:131349. [PMID: 37689397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of acute unilateral injury on spontaneous electrical activity in both vagus nerves at the heart level is poorly understood. We investigated the immediate neuroelectrical response after right or left cardiac vagal nerve transection (VNTx) by recording spiking activity of each heart vagus nerve (VN). METHODS Fourteen male Göttingen minipigs underwent sternotomy. Multi-electrode cuffs were implanted below the cut level to record vagal electroneurographic signals during electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring, before and immediately after cardiac VNTx (left: L-cut, n = 6; right: R-cut, n = 8). RESULTS Left cardiac VNTx significantly reduced multi-unit electrical activity (MUA) firing rate in the vagal stump (-30.7% vs pre-cut) and intact right VN (-21.8% vs pre-cut) at the heart level, without affecting heart rate, heart rate variability, or hemodynamics. In contrast, right cardiac VNTx did not acutely alter MUA in either VN but slightly increased (p < 0.022) the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (rMSSD), an index of parasympathetic outflow, without affecting hemodynamics. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals an early left-lateralized pattern in vagal spiking activity following unilateral cardiac vagotomy. These findings enhance understanding of the neuroelectrical response to vagal injury and provide insights into preserving vagal outflow after unilateral cardiac vagotomy. Importantly, monitoring spiking activity of the cardiac right VN may predict onset of left vagal pathway injury, which is detrimental to cardiac patients and can occur as a complication of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vallone
- BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anar Dushpanova
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Marco Leali
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivo Strauss
- Institut für Mikrosystemtechnik, University of Freiburg, IMTEK, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filippo Agnesi
- BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ciro Zinno
- BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Casieri
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carrozzo
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Department of Cardiac Surgery, ICLAS, GVM Care & Research, Rapallo, Italy
| | | | | | - Jacopo Carpaneto
- BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; BioMedLab, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy.
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Kayama T, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Phasic firing of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area triggers peripheral immune responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1447. [PMID: 35087155 PMCID: PMC8795439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play a crucial role in the processing of reward-related information. Recent studies with pharmacological manipulations of VTA neuronal activity demonstrated a VTA-induced immunoenhancement in peripheral organs. Here, to examine the detailed physiological dynamics, we took an optogenetic approach in which VTA dopaminergic neurons were selectively activated with millisecond precision. Optogenetic phasic, rather than tonic, stimulation of VTA dopaminergic neurons increased serum cytokine levels, such as IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α. These results provide direct evidence to link dopaminergic neuronal phasic firing to peripheral immunity. Next, we tested whether cytokine induction in male mice was boosted by female encounters, a natural condition that induces increased active VTA neurons and gamma power. Female encounters increased serum IL-2 levels, which were abolished by pharmacological inhibition of VTA neuronal activity. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of the brain reward system in the treatment and management of immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Okonogi T, Sasaki T. Theta-Range Oscillations in Stress-Induced Mental Disorders as an Oscillotherapeutic Target. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:698753. [PMID: 34177486 PMCID: PMC8219864 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.698753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional behavior and psychological disorders are expressed through coordinated interactions across multiple brain regions. Brain electrophysiological signals are composed of diverse neuronal oscillations, representing cell-level to region-level neuronal activity patterns, and serve as a biomarker of mental disorders. Here, we review recent observations from rodents demonstrating how neuronal oscillations in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex are engaged in emotional behavior and altered by psychiatric changes such as anxiety and depression. In particular, we focus mainly on theta-range (4–12 Hz) oscillations, including several distinct oscillations in this frequency range. We then discuss therapeutic possibilities related to controlling such mental disease-related neuronal oscillations to ameliorate psychiatric symptoms and disorders in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Okonogi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Okonogi T, Sasaki T. Optogenetic Manipulation of the Vagus Nerve. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1293:459-470. [PMID: 33398833 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vagus nerve plays a pivotal role in communication between the brain and peripheral organs involved in the sensory detection and the autonomic control of visceral activity. While the lack of appropriate experimental techniques to manipulate the physiological activity of the vagus nerve has been a long-standing problem, recent advancements in optogenetic tools, including viral vectors and photostimulation devices, during the late 2010s have begun to overcome this technical hurdle. Furthermore, identifying promoters for expressing transgenes in a cell-type-specific subpopulation of vagal neurons enables the selective photoactivation of afferent/efferent vagal neurons and specific visceral organ-innervating vagal neurons. In this chapter, we describe recent optogenetic approaches to study vagus nerve physiology and describe how these approaches have provided novel findings on the roles of vagus nerve signals in the cardiac, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. Compared with studies of the central nervous system, there are still few insights into vagus nerve physiology. Further studies with optogenetic tools will be useful for understanding the fundamental characteristics of vagus nerve signals transferred throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Okonogi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Jiman AA, Ratze DC, Welle EJ, Patel PR, Richie JM, Bottorff EC, Seymour JP, Chestek CA, Bruns TM. Multi-channel intraneural vagus nerve recordings with a novel high-density carbon fiber microelectrode array. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15501. [PMID: 32968177 PMCID: PMC7511947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autonomic nerves convey essential neural signals that regulate vital body functions. Recording clearly distinctive physiological neural signals from autonomic nerves will help develop new treatments for restoring regulatory functions. However, this is very challenging due to the small nature of autonomic nerves and the low-amplitude signals from their small axons. We developed a multi-channel, high-density, intraneural carbon fiber microelectrode array (CFMA) with ultra-small electrodes (8-9 µm in diameter, 150-250 µm in length) for recording physiological action potentials from small autonomic nerves. In this study, we inserted CFMA with up to 16 recording carbon fibers in the cervical vagus nerve of 22 isoflurane-anesthetized rats. We recorded action potentials with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 15.1-91.7 µV and signal-to-noise ratios of 2.0-8.3 on multiple carbon fibers per experiment, determined conduction velocities of some vagal signals in the afferent (0.7-4.4 m/s) and efferent (0.7-8.8 m/s) directions, and monitored firing rate changes in breathing and blood glucose modulated conditions. Overall, these experiments demonstrated that CFMA is a novel interface for in-vivo intraneural action potential recordings. This work is considerable progress towards the comprehensive understanding of physiological neural signaling in vital regulatory functions controlled by autonomic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Jiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, NCRC - B10 - A-169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - David C Ratze
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elissa J Welle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, NCRC - B10 - A-169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paras R Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, NCRC - B10 - A-169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julianna M Richie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, NCRC - B10 - A-169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bottorff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, NCRC - B10 - A-169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John P Seymour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, NCRC - B10 - A-169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, NCRC - B10 - A-169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tim M Bruns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, NCRC - B10 - A-169, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Kuga N, Nakayama R, Shikano Y, Nishimura Y, Okonogi T, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Sniffing behaviour-related changes in cardiac and cortical activity in rats. J Physiol 2019; 597:5295-5306. [PMID: 31512754 DOI: 10.1113/jp278500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS High-frequency (HF) sniffing represents active odour sampling and an increase in the animal's motivation. We examined how HF sniffing affects the physiological activity of the brain-body system. During HF sniffing, heart rates and the ratio of theta to delta critical local field potential power were comparable to those observed during motion periods. Vagus nerve spike rates did not vary depending on HF sniffing. Our results suggest that physiological factors in the central nervous system and the periphery are not simply determined by locomotion but are crucially associated with HF sniffing. ABSTRACT Sniffing is a fundamental behaviour for odour sampling, and high-frequency (HF) sniffing, generally at a sniff frequency of more than 6 Hz, is considered to represent an animal's increased motivation to explore external environments. Here, we examined how HF sniffing is associated with changes in physiological signals from the central and peripheral organs in rats. During HF sniffing while the rats were stationary, heart rates, the magnitude of dorsal neck muscle contraction, and the ratio of theta to delta local field potential power in the motor cortex were comparable to those observed during motion periods and were significantly higher than those observed during resting respiration periods. No pronounced changes in vagus nerve spike rates were detected in relation to HF sniffing. These results demonstrate that central and peripheral physiological factors are crucially associated with the emergence of HF sniffing, especially during quiescent periods. Behavioural data might be improved to more accurately evaluate an animal's internal psychological state if they are combined with a sniffing pattern as a physiological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kuga
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Shikano
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishimura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toya Okonogi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Abstract
The central nervous system controls the activity states of the peripheral organs in response to various environmental changes. However, the physiological interactions across multiple organs remain largely unknown. Recently, we have developed an electrophysiological recording system that simultaneously captures neuronal population activity patterns in the brain, heartbeat signals, muscle contraction signals, respiratory signals, and vagus nerve action potentials in freely moving rodents. This paper summarizes several recent insights obtained from this recording system, including the observations that some but not all brain activity patterns are associated with peripheral organ activity in a behavioral test, and that functions across cortical networks can predict stress-induced changes in cardiac function in rats. The evidence suggests that adding information on peripheral physiological signals to behavioral data assists in a more accurate estimation of animals' mental states. The concept of such a research approach opens a new field of large-scale analysis of systemic physiological signals, termed "physiolomics," which is expected to unveil further physiological issues involving mind-body associations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
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