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Dardente H, Lomet D, Robert V, Lasserre O, Gonzalez AA, Mialhe X, Beltramo M. Photoperiod, but not progesterone, has a strong impact upon the transcriptome of the medio-basal hypothalamus in female goats and ewes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112216. [PMID: 38556161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Photoperiod is the main environmental driver of seasonal responses in organisms living at temperate and polar latitudes. Other external cues such as food and temperature, and internal cues including hormones, intervene to fine-tune phasing of physiological functions to the solar year. In mammals, the medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH) is the key integrator of these cues, which orchestrates a wide array of seasonal functions, including breeding. Here, using RNAseq and RT-qPCR, we demonstrate that molecular components of the photoperiodic response previously identified in ewes are broadly conserved in does (female goats, Capra hircus), with a common core of ∼50 genes. This core group can be defined as the "MBH seasonal trancriptome", which includes key players of the pars tuberalis-tanycytes neuroendocrine retrograde pathway that governs intra-MBH photoperiodic switches of triiodothyronine (T3) production (Tshb, Eya3, Dio2 and SlcO1c1), the two histone methyltransferases Suv39H2 and Ezh2 and the secreted protein Vmo1. Prior data in ewes revealed that T3 and estradiol (E2), both key hormones for the proper timing of seasonal breeding, differentially impact the MBH seasonal transcriptome, and identified cellular and molecular targets through which these hormones might act. In contrast, information regarding the potential impact of progesterone (P4) upon the MBH transcriptome was nonexistent. Here, we demonstrate that P4 has no discernible transcriptional impact in either does or ewes. Taken together, our data show that does and ewes possess a common core set of photoperiod-responsive genes in the MBH and conclusively demonstrate that P4 is not a key regulator of the MBH transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Didier Lomet
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Anne-Alicia Gonzalez
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Mialhe
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
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2
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Gan X, Liu Q, Sun A, Liu S, Li H, Xu K, Shi Y. Causal associations between sleep traits and age at natural menopause: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38318. [PMID: 38875424 PMCID: PMC11175932 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have revealed that several sleep traits can impact ovarian function in women. However, there is no evidence suggesting associations between sleep traits and age at natural menopause (ANM). The objective of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between sleep traits (insomnia, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness) and ANM from the perspective of genetic variation. We selected the single-nucleotide polymorphisms from large-scale genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables and conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on these single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode and weighted mode. The Steiger test was employed to verify the correct causal directionality. The robustness of the MR analysis was examined through Cochran's Q test, horizontal pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out analysis. The results indicated that insomnia was causally associated with ANM (inverse variance weighting: β = -0.982; 95% CI: -1.852 to -0.111, P = .027), with other analyses confirming the robustness of this finding. Steiger test and reverse MR Analysis validated the absence of a reverse causal association between the two. However, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness did not exhibit a causal effect on ANM. In summary, this study provides initial evidence that insomnia can contribute to an earlier onset of ANM. Nevertheless, further clinical studies are needed to elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Gan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyang Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aochuan Sun
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Saiya Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haorui Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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3
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Royan MR, Hodne K, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Weltzien FA, Henkel C, Fontaine R. Day length regulates gonadotrope proliferation and reproduction via an intra-pituitary pathway in the model vertebrate Oryzias latipes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:388. [PMID: 38553567 PMCID: PMC10980775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In seasonally breeding mammals and birds, the production of the hormones that regulate reproduction (gonadotropins) is controlled by a complex pituitary-brain-pituitary pathway. Indeed, the pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates gonadotropin expression in pituitary gonadotropes, via dio2-expressing tanycytes, hypothalamic Kisspeptin, RFamide-related peptide, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. However, in fish, how seasonal environmental signals influence gonadotropins remains unclear. In addition, the seasonal regulation of gonadotrope (gonadotropin-producing cell) proliferation in the pituitary is, to the best of our knowledge, not elucidated in any vertebrate group. Here, we show that in the vertebrate model Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a long day seasonally breeding fish, photoperiod (daylength) not only regulates hormone production by the gonadotropes but also their proliferation. We also reveal an intra-pituitary pathway that regulates gonadotrope cell number and hormone production. In this pathway, Tsh regulates gonadotropes via folliculostellate cells within the pituitary. This study suggests the existence of an alternative regulatory mechanism of seasonal gonadotropin production in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan Henkel
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Preclinical Science and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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4
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Luna-Garcia LA, Meza-Herrera CA, Perez-Marin CC, De Santiago-Miramontes A, Flores-Salas JM, Corona R, Calderon-Leyva G, Veliz-Deras FG, Navarrete-Molina C, Marin-Tinoco RI. Targeted Glutamate Supply Boosts Insulin Concentrations, Ovarian Activity, and Ovulation Rate in Yearling Goats during the Anestrous Season. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1041. [PMID: 37508470 PMCID: PMC10376528 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine regulation of the seasonal reproductive axis requires the integration of internal and external signals to ensure synchronized physiological and behavioral responses. Seasonal reproductive changes contribute to intermittent production, which poses challenges for optimizing goat product yields. Consequently, a significant objective in seasonal reproduction research is to attain continuous reproduction and enhance profitability in goat farming. Glutamate plays a crucial role as a modulator in several reproductive and metabolic processes. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of exogenous glutamate administration on serum insulin concentration and ovarian function during the out-of-season period in yearling goats. During the anestrous season, animals were randomly located in individual pens to form two experimental groups: (1) glutamate (n = 10, live weight (LW) = 29.1 ± 1.02 kg, body condition score (BCS) = 3.4 ± 0.2 units) and (2) control (n = 10; LW = 29.2 ± 1.07 kg, BCS = 3.5 ± 0.2), with no differences (p < 0.05) regarding LW and BCS. Then, goats were estrus-synchronized, and blood sampling was carried out for insulin quantification. Ovaries were ultrasonographically scanned to assess ovulation rate (OR), number of antral follicles (AFs), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AF). The research outcomes support our working hypothesis. Certainly, our study confirms that those yearling goats treated with exogenous glutamate displayed the largest (p < 0.05) insulin concentrations across time as well as an augmented (p < 0.05) out-of-season ovarian activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Luna-Garcia
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cesar A Meza-Herrera
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico
| | - Carlos C Perez-Marin
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Jessica M Flores-Salas
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Corona
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neuroanatomia Funcional y Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Neurobiologia, UNAM, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Calderon-Leyva
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Francisco G Veliz-Deras
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Cayetano Navarrete-Molina
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Technological University of Rodeo, Durango 35760, Mexico
| | - Ruben I Marin-Tinoco
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Technological University of Rodeo, Durango 35760, Mexico
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5
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Romero A, Manucha W, Tan DX, Zuccari DAPDC, Chuffa LGDA. Aging-Related Ovarian Failure and Infertility: Melatonin to the Rescue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030695. [PMID: 36978942 PMCID: PMC10045124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging has a major detrimental effect on the optimal function of the ovary with changes in this organ preceding the age-related deterioration in other tissues, with the middle-aged shutdown leading to infertility. Reduced fertility and consequent inability to conceive by women in present-day societies who choose to have children later in life leads to increased frustration. Melatonin is known to have anti-aging properties related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Its higher follicular fluid levels relative to blood concentrations and its likely synthesis in the oocyte, granulosa, and luteal cells suggest that it is optimally positioned to interfere with age-associated deterioration of the ovary. Additionally, the end of the female reproductive span coincides with a significant reduction in endogenous melatonin levels. Thus, the aims are to review the literature indicating melatonin production in mitochondria of oocytes, granulosa cells, and luteal cells, identify the multiple processes underlying changes in the ovary, especially late in the cessation of the reproductive life span, summarize the physiological and molecular actions of melatonin in the maintenance of normal ovaries and in the aging ovaries, and integrate the acquired information into an explanation for considering melatonin in the treatment of age-related infertility. Use of supplemental melatonin may help preserve fertility later in life and alleviate frustration in women delaying childbearing age, reduce the necessity of in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedures, and help solve the progressively increasing problem of non-aging-related infertility in women throughout their reproductive life span. While additional research is needed to fully understand the effects of melatonin supplementation on potentially enhancing fertility, studies published to date suggest it may be a promising option for those struggling with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (R.J.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +1-210-567-3859 (R.J.R.); +34-91-3943970 (A.R.)
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.J.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +1-210-567-3859 (R.J.R.); +34-91-3943970 (A.R.)
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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6
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Dong S, Hou B, Yang C, Li Y, Sun B, Guo Y, Deng M, Liu D, Liu G. Comparative Hypothalamic Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Crucial mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs Affecting Litter Size in Goats. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:444. [PMID: 36833370 PMCID: PMC9956962 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Litter size is an important indicator to measure the reproductive performance of goats, which is affected by the reproductive function of animals. The hypothalamus, as the regulatory center of the endocrine system, plays an important role in the reproduction of female animals. Here, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing using hypothalamic tissue from high-fecundity and low-fecundity Leizhou goats to explore critical functional genes associated with litter size. Differentially expressed mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNAs were screened using DESeq and were enriched, and then analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome. Results showed that some of these differentially expressed mRNAs could be enriched in reproductive processes, jak-STAT, prolactin signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways related to reproduction, such as SOCS3. Furthermore, the central proteins POSTN, MFAP5, and DCN from protein-protein interaction may regulate animal reproductive activity by affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. lncRNA MSTRG.33887.2 as well as circRNAs chicirc_098002, chicirc_072583, and chicirc_053531 may be able to influence animal reproduction by participating in folate metabolism and energy metabolism homeostasis through their respective target genes. Our results expand the molecular mechanism of hypothalamic regulation on animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guangbin Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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7
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Dardente H, Lomet D, Desmarchais A, Téteau O, Lasserre O, Gonzalez AA, Dubois E, Beltramo M, Elis S. Impact of food restriction on the medio-basal hypothalamus of intact ewes as revealed by a large-scale transcriptomics study. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13198. [PMID: 36168278 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH) integrates photoperiodic and food-related cues to ensure timely phasing of physiological functions, including seasonal reproduction. The current human epidemics of obesity and associated reproductive disorders exemplifies the tight link between metabolism and reproduction. Yet, how food-related cues impact breeding at the level of the MBH remains unclear. In this respect, the sheep, which is a large diurnal mammal with a marked dual photoperiodic/metabolic control of seasonal breeding, is a relevant model. Here, we present a large-scale study in ewes (n = 120), which investigated the impact of food restriction (FRes) on the MBH transcriptome using unbiased RNAseq, followed by RT-qPCR. Few genes (~100) were impacted by FRes and the transcriptional impact was very modest (<2-fold increase or < 50% decrease for most genes). As anticipated, FRes increased expression of Npy/AgRP/LepR and decreased expression of Pomc/Cartpt, while Kiss1 expression was not impacted. Of particular interest, Eya3, Nmu and Dio2, genes involved in photoperiodic decoding within the MBH, were also affected by FRes. Finally, we also identified a handful of genes not known to be regulated by food-related cues (e.g., RNase6, HspA6, Arrdc2). In conclusion, our transcriptomics study provides insights into the impact of metabolism on the MBH in sheep, which may be relevant to human, and identifies possible molecular links between metabolism and (seasonal) reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Lomet
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Ophélie Téteau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Anne-Alicia Gonzalez
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emeric Dubois
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sébastien Elis
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
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8
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Moralia MA, Quignon C, Simonneaux M, Simonneaux V. Environmental disruption of reproductive rhythms. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:100990. [PMID: 35227765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction is a key biological function requiring a precise synchronization with annual and daily cues to cope with environmental fluctuations. Therefore, humans and animals have developed well-conserved photoneuroendocrine pathways to integrate and process daily and seasonal light signals within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, in the past century, industrialization and the modern 24/7 human lifestyle have imposed detrimental changes in natural habitats and rhythms of life. Indeed, exposure to an excessive amount of artificial light at inappropriate timing because of shift work and nocturnal urban lighting, as well as the ubiquitous environmental contamination by endocrine-disrupting chemicals, threaten the integrity of the daily and seasonal timing of biological functions. Here, we review recent epidemiological, field and experimental studies to discuss how light and chemical pollution of the environment can disrupt reproductive rhythms by interfering with the photoneuroendocrine timing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Azélie Moralia
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Clarisse Quignon
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine Simonneaux
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France.
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9
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Yao Y, Silver R. Mutual Shaping of Circadian Body-Wide Synchronization by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Circulating Steroids. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:877256. [PMID: 35722187 PMCID: PMC9200072 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.877256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroids are lipid hormones that reach bodily tissues through the systemic circulation, and play a major role in reproduction, metabolism, and homeostasis. All of these functions and steroids themselves are under the regulation of the circadian timing system (CTS) and its cellular/molecular underpinnings. In health, cells throughout the body coordinate their daily activities to optimize responses to signals from the CTS and steroids. Misalignment of responses to these signals produces dysfunction and underlies many pathologies. Questions Addressed To explore relationships between the CTS and circulating steroids, we examine the brain clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the daily fluctuations in plasma steroids, the mechanisms producing regularly recurring fluctuations, and the actions of steroids on their receptors within the SCN. The goal is to understand the relationship between temporal control of steroid secretion and how rhythmic changes in steroids impact the SCN, which in turn modulate behavior and physiology. Evidence Surveyed The CTS is a multi-level organization producing recurrent feedback loops that operate on several time scales. We review the evidence showing that the CTS modulates the timing of secretions from the level of the hypothalamus to the steroidogenic gonadal and adrenal glands, and at specific sites within steroidogenic pathways. The SCN determines the timing of steroid hormones that then act on their cognate receptors within the brain clock. In addition, some compartments of the body-wide CTS are impacted by signals derived from food, stress, exercise etc. These in turn act on steroidogenesis to either align or misalign CTS oscillators. Finally this review provides a comprehensive exploration of the broad contribution of steroid receptors in the SCN and how these receptors in turn impact peripheral responses. Conclusion The hypothesis emerging from the recognition of steroid receptors in the SCN is that mutual shaping of responses occurs between the brain clock and fluctuating plasma steroid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yifan Yao,
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Barnard College, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
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10
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Hypothalamic remodeling of thyroid hormone signaling during hibernation in the arctic ground squirrel. Commun Biol 2022; 5:492. [PMID: 35606540 PMCID: PMC9126913 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation involves prolonged intervals of profound metabolic suppression periodically interrupted by brief arousals to euthermy, the function of which is unknown. Annual cycles in mammals are timed by a photoperiodically-regulated thyroid-hormone-dependent mechanism in hypothalamic tanycytes, driven by thyrotropin (TSH) in the pars tuberalis (PT), which regulates local TH-converting deiodinases and triggers remodeling of neuroendocrine pathways. We demonstrate that over the course of hibernation in continuous darkness, arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) up-regulate the retrograde TSH/Deiodinase/TH pathway, remodel hypothalamic tanycytes, and activate the reproductive axis. Forcing the premature termination of hibernation by warming animals induced hypothalamic deiodinase expression and the accumulation of secretory granules in PT thyrotrophs and pituitary gonadotrophs, but did not further activate the reproductive axis. We suggest that periodic arousals may allow for the transient activation of hypothalamic thyroid hormone signaling, cellular remodeling, and re-programming of brain circuits in preparation for the short Arctic summer. Arctic ground squirrels hibernating in darkness activate the pars tuberalis - hypothalamus thyroid hormone signaling pathway, remodel hypothalamic tanycytes, and activate the reproductive axis.
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11
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Williams CT, Chmura HE, Deal CK, Wilsterman K. Sex-differences in Phenology: A Tinbergian Perspective. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:980-997. [PMID: 35587379 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shifts in the timing of cyclic seasonal life-history events are among the most commonly reported responses to climate change, with differences in response rates among interacting species leading to phenological mismatches. Within a species, however, males and females can also exhibit differential sensitivity to environmental cues and may therefore differ in their responsiveness to climate change, potentially leading to phenological mismatches between the sexes. This occurs because males differ from females in when and how energy is allocated to reproduction, resulting in marked sex-differences in life-history timing across the annual cycle. In this review, we take a Tinbergian perspective and examine sex differences in timing of vertebrates from adaptive, ontogenetic, mechanistic, and phylogenetic viewpoints with the goal of informing and motivating more integrative research on sexually dimorphic phenologies. We argue that sexual and natural selection lead to sex-differences in life-history-timing and that understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of these differences is critical for connecting climate-driven phenological shifts to population resilience. Ontogeny may influence how and when sex differences in life-history timing arise because the early-life environment can profoundly affect developmental trajectory, rates of reproductive maturation, and seasonal timing. The molecular mechanisms underlying these organismal traits are relevant to identifying the diversity and genetic basis of population- and species-level responses to climate change, and promisingly, the molecular basis of phenology is becoming increasingly well-understood. However, because most studies focus on a single sex, the causes of sex-differences in phenology critical to population resilience often remain unclear. New sequencing tools and analyses informed by phylogeny may help generate hypotheses about mechanism as well as insight into the general "evolvability" of sex differences across phylogenetic scales, especially as trait and genome resources grow. We recommend that greater attention be placed on determining sex-differences in timing mechanisms and monitoring climate change responses in both sexes, and we discuss how new tools may provide key insights into sex-differences in phenology from all four Tinbergian domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory T Williams
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Helen E Chmura
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.,Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Forest Service, 800 E. Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Cole K Deal
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kathryn Wilsterman
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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12
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Dardente H, Simonneaux V. GnRH and the photoperiodic control of seasonal reproduction: Delegating the task to kisspeptin and RFRP-3. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13124. [PMID: 35384117 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization of mammalian breeding activity to the annual change of photoperiod and environmental conditions is of the utmost importance for individual survival and species perpetuation. Subsequent to the early 1960s, when the central role of melatonin in this adaptive process was demonstrated, our comprehension of the mechanisms through which light regulates gonadal activity has increased considerably. The current model for the photoperiodic neuroendocrine system points to pivotal roles for the melatonin-sensitive pars tuberalis (PT) and its seasonally-regulated production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as for TSH-sensitive hypothalamic tanycytes, radial glia-like cells located in the basal part of the third ventricle. Tanycytes respond to TSH through increased expression of thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinase 2 (Dio2), which leads to heightened production of intrahypothalamic triiodothyronine (T3) during longer days of spring and summer. There is strong evidence that this local, long-day driven, increase in T3 links melatonin input at the PT to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) output, to align breeding with the seasons. The mechanism(s) through which T3 impinges upon GnRH remain(s) unclear. However, two distinct neuronal populations of the medio-basal hypothalamus, which express the (Arg)(Phe)-amide peptides kisspeptin and RFamide-related peptide-3, appear to be well-positioned to relay this seasonal T3 message towards GnRH neurons. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the cellular, molecular and neuroendocrine players, which keep track of photoperiod and ultimately govern GnRH output and seasonal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Heterogeneity in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons and their significance in vertebrate reproductive biology. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100963. [PMID: 34798082 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate reproduction is essentially controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is a central dogma of reproductive biology. Two major hypothalamic neuroendocrine cell groups containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin are crucial for control of the HPG axis in vertebrates. GnRH and kisspeptin neurons exhibit high levels of heterogeneity including their cellular morphology, biochemistry, neurophysiology and functions. However, the molecular foundation underlying heterogeneities in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons remains unknown. More importantly, the biological and physiological significance of their heterogeneity in reproductive biology is poorly understood. In this review, we first describe the recent advances in the neuroendocrine functions of kisspeptin-GnRH pathways. We then view the recent emerging progress in the heterogeneity of GnRH and kisspeptin neurons using morphological and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. Finally, we discuss our views on the significance of functional heterogeneity of reproductive endocrine cells and their potential relevance to reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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14
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Khan S, Batool B, Zubair H, Bano R, Ahmad S, Shahab M. Expression and co-localization of RFRP-3 and kisspeptin during breeding and non-breeding season in the hypothalamus of male rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta). Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12479. [PMID: 35847413 PMCID: PMC9270642 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Propose The mechanism that underpins how RFRP‐3 and kisspeptin interacts are not fully understood in higher primates. This study therefore set out to assess RFRP‐3 and kisspeptin expression and their morphological interactions in the breeding, and in the non‐breeding period in monkey hypothalamus. Methods Eight mature male macaques (Macaca mulatta) in the breeding season (February; n = 4) and non‐breeding season (June; n = 4) were used. To reveal the expression and co‐localization of RFRP‐3 and kisspeptin, double‐labeled immunohistochemistry was performed. Testicular volume, sperm count, and plasma testosterone level were also measured to validate the breeding and non‐breeding paradigms. Results Testicular volume, plasma testosterone level, and sperm count showed a significant reduction during non‐breeding season. The number of kisspeptin‐positive cells was significantly increased during the breeding season (p < 0.05), whereas more RFRP‐3‐positive cell bodies were seen in the non‐breeding season (p < 0.01). Close contacts of RFRP‐3 fibers with kisspeptin cells showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) across seasons. However, co‐localization of RFRP‐3‐ir cell bodies onto kisspeptin IR cell bodies showed a statistical increase (p < 0.01) in non‐breeding season. Conclusion In higher primates, RFRP‐3 decreases kisspeptin drives from the same cells to GnRH neurons in an autocrine manner causing suppression of the reproductive axis during the non‐breeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Khan
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Bakhtwar Batool
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Hira Zubair
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Riffat Bano
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan.,Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper Pakistan
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15
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van Rosmalen L, Hut RA. Food and temperature change photoperiodic responses in two vole species. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273462. [PMID: 34787302 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal timing of reproduction in voles is driven by photoperiod. We hypothesized that a negative energy balance can modify spring-programmed photoperiodic responses in the hypothalamus, controlling reproductive organ development. We manipulated energy balance by the 'work-for-food' protocol, in which voles were exposed to increasing levels of food scarcity at different ambient temperatures under long photoperiod. We found that in common voles (Microtus arvalis) and tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus), photoperiod-induced pars tuberalis thyroid-stimulating hormone β-subunit (Tshβ) expression is reduced to potentially inhibit gonadal development when food is scarce. Reduction in gonadal size is more pronounced in tundra voles, in which anterior hypothalamic Kiss1 is additionally downregulated, especially in males. Low temperature additionally leads to decreased hypothalamic Rfrp expression, which potentially may facilitate further suppression of gonadal growth. Shutting off the photoperiodic axis when food is scarce in spring may be an adaptive response to save energy, leading to delayed reproductive organ development until food resources are sufficient for reproduction, lactation and offspring survival. Defining the mechanisms through which metabolic cues modify photoperiodic responses will be important for a better understanding of how environmental cues impact reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Rosmalen
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Lieu CV, Loganathan N, Belsham DD. Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus. Cells 2021; 10:3120. [PMID: 34831343 PMCID: PMC8617942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus maintains whole-body homeostasis by integrating information from circulating hormones, nutrients and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations that express and secrete unique neuropeptides execute the individual functions of the hypothalamus, including, but not limited to, the regulation of energy homeostasis, reproduction and circadian rhythms. Alterations at the hypothalamic level can lead to a myriad of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and infertility. The excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids can induce neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and resistance to peripheral signals, ultimately leading to hyperphagia, obesity, impaired reproductive function and disturbed circadian rhythms. This review focuses on the how the changes in the underlying molecular mechanisms caused by palmitate exposure, the most commonly consumed saturated fatty acid, and the potential involvement of microRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, can result in detrimental alterations in protein expression and content. Studying the involvement of microRNAs in hypothalamic function holds immense potential, as these molecular markers are quickly proving to be valuable tools in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin V. Lieu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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17
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Wang Z, Wu W, Kim MS, Cai D. GnRH pulse frequency and irregularity play a role in male aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:904-918. [PMID: 37118330 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has a role in hypothalamic control of aging, but the underlying patterns and relationship with downstream reproductive hormones are still unclear. Here we report that hypothalamic GnRH pulse frequency and irregularity increase before GnRH pulse amplitude slowly decreases during aging. GnRH is inhibited by nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and GnRH pulses were controlled by oscillations in the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Exposure to testosterone under pro-inflammatory conditions stimulated both NF-κB oscillations and GnRH pulses. While castration of middle-aged mice induced short-term anti-aging effects, preventing elevation of luteinizing hormone (LH) levels after castration led to long-term anti-aging effects and lifespan extension, indicating that high-frequency GnRH pulses and high-magnitude LH levels coordinately mediate aging. Reprogramming the endogenous GnRH pulses of middle-aged male mice via an optogenetic approach revealed that increasing GnRH pulses frequency causes LH excess and aging acceleration, while lowering the frequency of and stabilizing GnRH pulses can slow down aging. In conclusion, GnRH pulses are important for aging in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouguang Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wenhe Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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18
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Poissenot K, Moussu C, Chesneau D, Ramadier E, Abi Khalil R, Chorfa A, Chemineau P, Michelin Y, Saez F, Drevet J, Benoit E, Lattard V, Pinot A, Dardente H, Keller M. Field study reveals morphological and neuroendocrine correlates of seasonal breeding in female water voles, Arvicola terrestris. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 311:113853. [PMID: 34265346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Seasonally breeding mammals display timely physiological switches between reproductive activity and sexual rest, which ensure synchronisation of births at the most favourable time of the year. These switches correlate with seasonal changes along the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, but they are primarily orchestrated at the hypothalamic level through environmental control of KISS1-dependent GnRH release. Our field study shows that births of fossorial water voles, Arvicola terrestris, are concentrated between March and October, which indicates the existence of an annual reproductive cycle in this species. Monthly field monitoring for over a year further reveals dramatic seasonal changes in the morphology of the ovary, uterus and lateral scent glands, which correlate with the reproductive status. Finally, we demonstrate seasonal variation in kisspeptin expression within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Altogether, this study demonstrates a marked rhythm of seasonal breeding in the water vole and we speculate that this is governed by seasonal changes in photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Poissenot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Chantal Moussu
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Etienne Ramadier
- UMR 0874 UREP, VetAgro Sup, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rami Abi Khalil
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Areski Chorfa
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | | | - Yves Michelin
- UMR Territoires, VetagroSup, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Joël Drevet
- GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Adrien Pinot
- UMR 0874 UREP, VetAgro Sup, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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19
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Angelopoulou E, Kalsbeek A, Simonneaux V. WITHDRAWN: Age-dependent modulation of RFRP-3 neurons in female mice. Neuropeptides 2021; 88:102146. [PMID: 33940493 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Angelopoulou
- Insitut des Neurosciences Cellulaire et Intégratives (UPR CNRS3212), Université de Strasbourg, 8, Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Insitut des Neurosciences Cellulaire et Intégratives (UPR CNRS3212), Université de Strasbourg, 8, Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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20
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van Rosmalen L, van Dalum J, Appenroth D, Roodenrijs RTM, de Wit L, Hazlerigg DG, Hut RA. Mechanisms of temperature modulation in mammalian seasonal timing. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21605. [PMID: 33913553 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100162r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is predicted to have major effects on the annual time windows during which species may successfully reproduce. At the organismal level, climatic shifts engage with the control mechanism for reproductive seasonality. In mammals, laboratory studies on neuroendocrine mechanism emphasize photoperiod as a predictive cue, but this is based on a restricted group of species. In contrast, field-oriented comparative analyses demonstrate that proximate bioenergetic effects on the reproductive axis are a major determinant of seasonal reproductive timing. The interaction between proximate energetic and predictive photoperiodic cues is neglected. Here, we focused on photoperiodic modulation of postnatal reproductive development in common voles (Microtus arvalis), a herbivorous species in which a plastic timing of breeding is well documented. We demonstrate that temperature-dependent modulation of photoperiodic responses manifest in the thyrotrophin-sensitive tanycytes of the mediobasal hypothalamus. Here, the photoperiod-dependent expression of type 2 deiodinase expression, associated with the summer phenotype was enhanced by 21°C, whereas the photoperiod-dependent expression of type 3 deiodinase expression, associated with the winter phenotype, was enhanced by 10°C in spring voles. Increased levels of testosterone were found at 21°C, whereas somatic and gonadal growth were oppositely affected by temperature. The magnitude of these temperature effects was similar in voles photoperiodical programmed for accelerated maturation (ie, born early in the breeding season) and in voles photoperiodical programmed for delayed maturation (ie, born late in the breeding season). The melatonin-sensitive pars tuberalis was relatively insensitive to temperature. These data define a mechanistic hierarchy for the integration of predictive temporal cues and proximate thermo-energetic effects in mammalian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Rosmalen
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jayme van Dalum
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping initiative (ASTI), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Daniel Appenroth
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping initiative (ASTI), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Renzo T M Roodenrijs
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren de Wit
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David G Hazlerigg
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping initiative (ASTI), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Cázarez‐Márquez F, Eliveld J, Ritsema WIGR, Foppen E, Bossenbroek Y, Pelizzari S, Simonneaux V, Kalsbeek A. Role of central kisspeptin and RFRP-3 in energy metabolism in the male Wistar rat. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12973. [PMID: 33960524 PMCID: PMC8365661 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kp) and (Arg)(Phe) related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) are two RF-amides acting in the hypothalamus to control reproduction. In the past 10 years, it has become clear that, apart from their role in reproductive physiology, both neuropeptides are also involved in the control of food intake, as well as glucose and energy metabolism. To investigate further the neural mechanisms responsible for these metabolic actions, we assessed the effect of acute i.c.v. administration of Kp or RFRP-3 in ad lib. fed male Wistar rats on feeding behaviour, glucose and energy metabolism, circulating hormones (luteinising hormone, testosterone, insulin and corticosterone) and hypothalamic neuronal activity. Kp increased plasma testosterone levels, had an anorexigenic effect and increased lipid catabolism, as attested by a decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER). RFRP-3 also increased plasma testosterone levels but did not modify food intake or energy metabolism. Both RF-amides increased endogenous glucose production, yet with no change in plasma glucose levels, suggesting that these peptides provoke not only a release of hepatic glucose, but also a change in glucose utilisation. Finally, plasma insulin and corticosterone levels did not change after the RF-amide treatment. The Kp effects were associated with an increased c-Fos expression in the median preoptic area and a reduction in pro-opiomelanocortin immunostaining in the arcuate nucleus. No effects on neuronal activation were found for RFRP-3. Our results provide further evidence that Kp is not only a very potent hypothalamic activator of reproduction, but also part of the hypothalamic circuit controlling energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cázarez‐Márquez
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI)StrasbourgFrance
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jitske Eliveld
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wayne I. G. R. Ritsema
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Bossenbroek
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Simone Pelizzari
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI)StrasbourgFrance
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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22
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Abstract
Female reproductive success relies on proper integration of circadian- and ovarian- signals to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in order to synchronize the preovulatory LH surge at the end of the ovarian follicular stage with the onset of the main active period. In this study, we used a combination of neuroanatomical and electrophysiological approaches to assess whether the hypothalamic neurons expressing Arg-Phe amide-related peptide (RFRP-3), a gonadotropin inhibitory peptide, exhibit daily and estrous stage dependent variations in female mice. Furthermore, we investigated whether arginine vasopressin (AVP), a circadian peptide produced by the suprachiamatic nucleus regulates RFRP-3 neurons. The number of c-Fos–positive RFRP-3 immunoreactive neurons is significantly reduced at the day-to-night transition with no difference between diestrus and proestrus. Contrastingly, RFRP neuron firing rate is higher in proestrus as compared to diestrus, independently of the time of the day. AVP immunoreactive fibers contact RFRP neurons with the highest density observed during the late afternoon of diestrus and proestrus. Application of AVP increases RFRP neurons firing in the afternoon (ZT6-10) of diestrus, but not at the same time point of proestrus, indicating that AVP signaling on RFRP neurons may depend on circulating ovarian steroids. Together, these studies show that RFRP neurons integrate both daily and estrogenic signals, which downstream may help to properly time the preovulatory LH surge.
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23
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Dardente H, Migaud M. Thyroid hormone and hypothalamic stem cells in seasonal functions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:91-131. [PMID: 33752829 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are a pervasive feature of most living organisms, which underlie yearly timeliness in breeding, migration, hibernation or weight gain and loss. To achieve this, organisms have developed inner timing devices (circannual clocks) that endow them with the ability to predict then anticipate changes to come, usually using daylength as the proximate cue. In Vertebrates, daylength interpretation involves photoperiodic control of TSH production by the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary, which governs a seasonal switch in thyroid hormone (TH) availability in the neighboring hypothalamus. Tanycytes, specialized glial cells lining the third ventricle (3V), are responsible for this TH output through the opposite, PT-TSH-driven, seasonal control of deiodinases 2/3 (Dio 2/3). Tanycytes comprise a photoperiod-sensitive stem cell niche and TH is known to play major roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, which suggests that seasonal control of tanycyte proliferation may be involved in the photoperiodic synchronization of seasonal rhythms. Here we review our current knowledge of the molecular and neuroendocrine pathway linking photoperiodic information to seasonal changes in physiological functions and discuss the potential implication of tanycytes, TH and cell proliferation in seasonal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Martine Migaud
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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Irachi S, Hall DJ, Fleming MS, Maugars G, Björnsson BT, Dufour S, Uchida K, McCormick SD. Photoperiodic regulation of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone and brain deiodinase in Atlantic salmon. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111056. [PMID: 33069856 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal timing is important for many critical life history events of vertebrates, and photoperiod is often used as a reliable seasonal cue. In mammals and birds, it has been established that a photoperiod-driven seasonal clock resides in the brain and pituitary, and is driven by increased levels of pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and brain type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2), which leads to local increases in triiodothyronine (T3). In order to determine if a similar mechanism occurs in fish, we conducted photoperiod manipulations in anadromous (migratory) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that use photoperiod to time the preparatory development of salinity tolerance which accompanies downstream migration in spring. Changing daylength from short days (light:dark (LD) 10:14) to long days (LD 16:8) for 20 days increased gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, gill NKAα1b abundance and plasma growth hormone (GH) levels that normally accompany increased salinity tolerance of salmon in spring. Long-day exposure resulted in five-fold increases in pituitary tshβb mRNA levels after 10 days and were sustained for at least 20 days. tshβb mRNA levels in the saccus vasculosus were low and not influenced by photoperiod. Increased daylength resulted in significant increases in dio2b mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and midbrain/optic tectum regions of the brain. The results are consistent with the presence of a photoperiod-driven seasonal clock in fish which involves pituitary TSH, brain DIO2 and the subsequent production of T3, supporting the hypothesis that this is a common feature of photoperiodic regulation of seasonality in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Irachi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA; Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Daniel J Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell S Fleming
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France; Department of Biological Sciences (BIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Björn Thrandur Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Katsuhisa Uchida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R. Central and peripheral actions of melatonin on reproduction in seasonal and continuous breeding mammals. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113620. [PMID: 32950582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Under field conditions, especially for mammals that inhabit high latitudes, the regulation of seasonal breeding activity to ensure delivery of the young at the time most conducive to their survival is essential. This is most frequently accomplished by the annual reproductive cycle being linked to seasonal photoperiod changes which determine the nocturnal duration of the pineal melatonin signal. Mating can occur during any season that ensures spring/early summer delivery of the offspring. Thus, the season of mating is determined by the duration of pregnancy. The precise hormonal control of the annual cycle of reproduction by melatonin is accomplished at the level of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis which, in turn, determines the physiological state of the gonad and adnexa due to the regulation of pituitary gonadotrophin release. Many species are continuous rather than seasonal breeders. In these species, melatonin has a minor hormonal influence on the central regulation of reproduction but, nevertheless, its antioxidant functions at the level of the gonads support optimal reproductive physiology. Possibly like all cells, those in the ovary, e.g., granulosa cells and oocytes (less is known about melatonin synthesis by the testes or spermatogenic cells), synthesize melatonin which is used locally to combat free radicals and reactive nitrogen species which would otherwise cause oxidative/nitrosative stress to these critically important cells. Oxidative damage to the oocyte, zygote, blastocyst, etc., results in an abnormal fetus which is either sloughed or gives rise to an unhealthy offspring. The importance of the protection of the gametes (both oocytes and sperm) from oxidative molecular mutilation cannot be overstated. Fortunately, as a highly effective free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant (by upregulating antioxidant enzyme), locally-produced melatonin is in the optimal location to protect the reproductive system from such damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Hrabovszky E, Takács S, Rumpler É, Skrapits K. The human hypothalamic kisspeptin system: Functional neuroanatomy and clinical perspectives. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:275-296. [PMID: 34225935 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, kisspeptin neurons are the key components of the hypothalamic neuronal networks that regulate the onset of puberty, account for the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and mediate negative and positive estrogen feedback signals to GnRH neurons. Being directly connected anatomically and functionally to the hypophysiotropic GnRH system, the major kisspeptin cell groups of the preoptic area/rostral hypothalamus and the arcuate (or infundibular) nucleus, respectively, are ideally positioned to serve as key nodes which integrate various types of environmental, endocrine, and metabolic signals that can influence fertility. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the anatomy, functions, and plasticity of brain kisspeptin systems based on the wide literature available from different laboratory and domestic species. Then, the species-specific features of human hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons are described, covering their topography, morphology, unique neuropeptide content, plasticity, and connectivity to hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons. Some newly emerging roles of central kisspeptin signaling in behavior and finally, clinical perspectives, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Szabolcs Takács
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Rumpler
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Korf HW, Møller M. Arcuate nucleus, median eminence, and hypophysial pars tuberalis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:227-251. [PMID: 34225932 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus (ARC) is located in the mediobasal hypothalamus and forms a morphological and functional entity with the median eminence (ME), the ARC-ME. The ARC comprises several distinct types of neurons controlling prolactin release, food intake, and metabolism as well as reproduction and onset of puberty. The ME lacks a blood-brain barrier and provides an entry for peripheral signals (nutrients, leptin, ghrelin). ARC neurons are adjacent to the wall of the third ventricle. This facilitates the exchange of signals from and to the cerebrospinal fluid. The ventricular wall is composed of tanycytes that serve different functions. Axons of ARC neurons contribute to the tuberoinfundibular tract terminating in the ME on the hypophysial portal vessels (HPV) and establish one of the neurohumoral links between the hypothalamus and the pituitary. ARC neurons are reciprocally connected with several other hypothalamic nuclei, the brainstem, and reward pathways. The hypophysial pars tuberalis (PT) is attached to the ME and the HPV. The PT, an important interface of the neuroendocrine system, is mandatory for the control of seasonal functions. This contribution provides an update of our knowledge about the ARC-ME complex and the PT which, inter alia, is needed to understand the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst-Werner Korf
- Center for Anatomy and Brain Research, Institute for Anatomy, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Morten Møller
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Leysen V, Prevot V. Reproductive Function During Chronodisruption: Model of Shiftwork in Rodents. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5898154. [PMID: 32853386 PMCID: PMC7640781 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Leysen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Labex DistAlz, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Labex DistAlz, Lille, France
- Correspondence: Vincent E. Prevot, PhD, Inserm U1172, Lille, Cedex France. E-mail:
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van Rosmalen L, van Dalum J, Hazlerigg DG, Hut RA. Gonads or body? Differences in gonadal and somatic photoperiodic growth response in two vole species. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb230987. [PMID: 32917818 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.230987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To optimally time reproduction, seasonal mammals use a photoperiodic neuroendocrine system (PNES) that measures photoperiod and subsequently drives reproduction. To adapt to late spring arrival at northern latitudes, a lower photoperiodic sensitivity and therefore a higher critical photoperiod for reproductive onset is necessary in northern species to arrest reproductive development until spring onset. Temperature-photoperiod relationships, and hence food availability-photoperiod relationships, are highly latitude dependent. Therefore, we predict PNES sensitivity characteristics to be latitude dependent. Here, we investigated photoperiodic responses at different times during development in northern (tundra or root vole, Microtus oeconomus) and southern vole species (common vole, Microtus arvalis) exposed to constant short (SP) or long photoperiod (LP). Although the tundra vole grows faster under LP, no photoperiodic effect on somatic growth is observed in the common vole. In contrast, gonadal growth is more sensitive to photoperiod in the common vole, suggesting that photoperiodic responses in somatic and gonadal growth can be plastic, and might be regulated through different mechanisms. In both species, thyroid-stimulating hormone β-subunit (Tshβ) and iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (Dio2) expression is highly increased under LP, whereas Tshr and Dio3 decrease under LP. High Tshr levels in voles raised under SP may lead to increased sensitivity to increasing photoperiods later in life. The higher photoperiodic-induced Tshr response in tundra voles suggests that the northern vole species might be more sensitive to thyroid-stimulating hormone when raised under SP. In conclusion, species differences in developmental programming of the PNES, which is dependent on photoperiod early in development, may form different breeding strategies as part of latitudinal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Rosmalen
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jayme van Dalum
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - David G Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lomet D, Robert V, Poissenot K, Beltramo M, Dardente H. No evidence that Spexin impacts LH release and seasonal breeding in the ewe. Theriogenology 2020; 158:1-7. [PMID: 32916519 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a recently identified peptide hormone of 14 amino acids. Interestingly, Spx and Kiss1 genes share a common ancestor gene. Considering that KISS1 peptides are key controllers of breeding in mammals and circumstantial evidence that SPX regulates gonadotropins in some fish species, we hypothesized that SPX may play a KISS1-related role in sheep. Here, we cloned the ovine Spx cDNA, performed in vivo injection and infusion of SPX (i.c.v. route, with or without concomittant KISS1 presence) and assessed a potential regulation of Spx expression by season, thyroid hormone and estradiol in the medio-basal hypothalamus of the ewe. Our data do not provide support for a role of SPX in the control of the gonadotropic axis in the ewe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Lomet
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Kevin Poissenot
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Hugues Dardente
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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31
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Creţu D, Cernea S, Onea CR, Pop RM. Reproductive health in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:291-300. [PMID: 32613536 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reaches epidemic proportions in the developed world and the age at diagnosis decreases, more women of reproductive age are being affected. In this article, we provide a synoptic view on potential mechanisms and relevant factors underlying menstrual cycle disorders and fertility issues in women with T2DM. The article discusses the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, the central role of the hypothalamus in the homeostasis of this system, the central modulators of the axis, and the peripheral metabolic signals involved in neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The available literature on the relationship between T2DM and the female reproductive lifespan, menstrual cycle disorders, fertility issues, and gestational health in women with T2DM are also discussed. The data so far indicate that there is a "U-shaped" relationship between menarche, menopause, and T2DM, both early and late menarche/menopause being risk factors for T2DM. Hyperglycemia and its consequences may be responsible for the effects of T2DM on reproductive health in women, but the exact mechanisms are not as yet fully understood; thus, more studies are needed in order to identify factors causing disruption of the HPO axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Creţu
- Mureș County Clinical Hospital, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Simona Cernea
- Department M4/Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Târgu-Mureș, Romania
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Corina Roxana Onea
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Raluca-Monica Pop
- Research Methodology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Târgu-Mureș, Romania.
- Endocrinology Department, Mureș County Clinical Hospital, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Târgu-Mureș, Romania.
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Quignon C, Beymer M, Gauthier K, Gauer F, Simonneaux V. Thyroid hormone receptors are required for the melatonin-dependent control of Rfrp gene expression in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:12072-12082. [PMID: 32776612 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000961r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammals adapt to seasons using a neuroendocrine calendar defined by the photoperiodic change in the nighttime melatonin production. Under short photoperiod, melatonin inhibits the pars tuberalis production of TSHβ, which, in turn, acts on tanycytes to regulate the deiodinase 2/3 balance resulting in a finely tuned seasonal control of the intra-hypothalamic thyroid hormone T3. Despite the pivotal role of this T3 signaling for synchronizing reproduction with the seasons, T3 cellular targets remain unknown. One candidate is a population of hypothalamic neurons expressing Rfrp, the gene encoding the RFRP-3 peptide, thought to be integral for modulating rodent's seasonal reproduction. Here we show that nighttime melatonin supplementation in the drinking water of melatonin-deficient C57BL/6J mice mimics photoperiodic variations in the expression of the genes Tshb, Dio2, Dio3, and Rfrp, as observed in melatonin-proficient mammals. Notably, we report that this melatonin regulation of Rfrp expression is no longer observed in mice carrying a global mutation of the T3 receptor, TRα, but is conserved in mice with a selective neuronal mutation of TRα. In line with this observation, we find that TRα is widely expressed in the tanycytes. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the melatonin-driven T3 signal regulates RFRP-3 neurons through non-neuronal, possibly tanycytic, TRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Quignon
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (CNRS UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthew Beymer
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (CNRS UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - François Gauer
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (CNRS UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (CNRS UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Lomet D, Druart X, Hazlerigg D, Beltramo M, Dardente H. Circuit-level analysis identifies target genes of sex steroids in ewe seasonal breeding. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 512:110825. [PMID: 32422398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) and estradiol (E2) direct seasonal switches in ovine reproductive physiology. In sheep, as in other mammals and birds, control of thyrotropin (TSH) production by the pars tuberalis (PT) links photoperiod responsiveness to seasonal breeding. PT-derived TSH governs opposite seasonal patterns of the TH deiodinases Dio2/Dio3 expression in tanycytes of the neighboring medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH), which explain the key role of TH. We recently used RNA-Seq to identify seasonal markers in the MBH and define the impact of TH. This impact was found to be quite limited, in terms of number of target genes, and very restricted with regards to neuroanatomical location, as TH specifically impacts genes expressed in tanycytes and hypothalamus, not in the PT. Here we address the impact of E2 on these seasonal markers, which are specifically expressed in either PT, tanycytes or hypothalamus. We also investigate if progesterone (P4) may be involved in timing the seasonal transition to anestrus. Our analysis provides circuit-level insights into the impact of sex steroids on the ewe seasonal breeding cycle. First, seasonal gene expression in the PT is independent of the sex steroid status. The fact that seasonal gene expression in the PT is also TH-independent strengthens the view that the PT is a circannual timer. Second, select tanycytic markers display some level of responsiveness to E2 and P4, which indicates another potential level of feedback control by sex steroids. Third, Kiss1 neurons of the arcuate nucleus are responsive to both TH and E2, which places them at the crossroads of photoperiodic transduction pathway and sex steroid feedback. This provides strong support to the concept that these Kiss1 neurons are pivotal to the long-recognized "seasonal switch in the ability of E2 to exert negative feedback", which drives seasonal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Lomet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Xavier Druart
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - David Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Hugues Dardente
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Tolla E, Stevenson TJ. Sex Differences and the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Seasonal Reproduction by Supplementary Environmental Cues. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:1506-1516. [PMID: 32869105 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms in reproduction are conserved across nature and optimize the timing of breeding to environmental conditions favorable for offspring and parent survival. The primary predictive cue for timing seasonal breeding is photoperiod. Supplementary cues, such as food availability, social signals, and temperature, fine-tune the timing of reproduction. Male and female animals show differences in the sensory detection, neural integration, and physiological responses to the same supplementary cue. The neuroendocrine regulation of sex-specific integration of predictive and supplementary cues is not well characterized. Recent findings indicate that epigenetic modifications underlie the organization of sex differences in the brain. It has also become apparent that deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and chromatin modifications play an important role in the regulation and timing of seasonal rhythms. This article will highlight evidence for sex-specific responses to supplementary cues using data collected from birds and mammals. We will then emphasize that supplementary cues are integrated in a sex-dependent manner due to the neuroendocrine differences established and maintained by the organizational and activational effects of reproductive sex hormones. We will then discuss how epigenetic processes involved in reproduction provide a novel link between early-life organizational effects in the brain and sex differences in the response to supplementary cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Tolla
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tyler J Stevenson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Bahougne T, Kretz M, Angelopoulou E, Jeandidier N, Simonneaux V. Impact of Circadian Disruption on Female Mice Reproductive Function. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5758065. [PMID: 32100021 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In female mammals, cycles in reproductive function depend both on the biological clock synchronized to the light/dark cycle and on a balance between the negative and positive feedbacks of estradiol, whose concentration varies during oocyte maturation. In women, studies report that chronodisruptive environments such as shiftwork may impair fertility and gestational success. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of shifted light/dark cycles on both the robustness of the estrous cycles and the timing of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in female mice. When mice were exposed to a single 10-hour phase advance or 10-hour phase delay, the occurrence and timing of the LH surge and estrous cyclicity were recovered at the third estrous cycle. By contrast, when mice were exposed to chronic shifts (successive rotations of 10-hoursour phase advances for 3 days followed by 10-hour phase delays for 4 days), they exhibited a severely impaired reproductive activity. Most mice had no preovulatory LH surge at the beginning of the chronic shifts. Furthermore, the gestational success of mice exposed to chronic shifts was reduced, because the number of pups was 2 times lower in shifted than in control mice. In conclusion, this study reports that exposure of female mice to a single phase shift has minor reproductive effects, whereas exposure to chronically disrupted light/dark cycles markedly impairs the occurrence of the preovulatory LH surge, leading to reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Bahougne
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, (UPR CNRS 3212) and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilda Kretz
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, (UPR CNRS 3212) and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eleni Angelopoulou
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, (UPR CNRS 3212) and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, (UPR CNRS 3212) and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Zhao Y, Ren J, Hillier J, Jones M, Lu W, Jones EY. Structural characterization of melatonin as an inhibitor of the Wnt deacylase Notum. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12630. [PMID: 31876313 PMCID: PMC7027535 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hormone melatonin, secreted from the pineal gland, mediates multiple physiological effects including modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. The Wnt palmitoleate lipid modification is essential for its signalling activity, while the carboxylesterase Notum can remove the lipid from Wnt and inactivate it. Notum enzyme inhibition can therefore upregulate Wnt signalling. While searching for Notum inhibitors by crystallographic fragment screening, a hit compound N-[2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide that is structurally similar to melatonin came to our attention. We then soaked melatonin and its precursor N-acetylserotonin into Notum crystals and obtained high-resolution structures (≤1.5 Å) of their complexes. In each of the structures, two compound molecules bind with Notum: one at the enzyme's catalytic pocket, overlapping the space occupied by the acyl tail of the Wnt palmitoleate lipid, and the other at the edge of the pocket opposite the substrate entrance. Although the inhibitory activity of melatonin shown by in vitro enzyme assays is low (IC50 75 µmol/L), the structural information reported here provides a basis for the design of potent and brain accessible drugs for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, in which upregulation of Wnt signalling may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural BiologyWellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural BiologyWellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James Hillier
- Division of Structural BiologyWellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Margaret Jones
- Division of Structural BiologyWellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Weixian Lu
- Division of Structural BiologyWellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Edith Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural BiologyWellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Ciani E, Haug TM, Maugars G, Weltzien FA, Falcón J, Fontaine R. Effects of Melatonin on Anterior Pituitary Plasticity: A Comparison Between Mammals and Teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:605111. [PMID: 33505357 PMCID: PMC7831660 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.605111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a key hormone involved in the photoperiodic signaling pathway. In both teleosts and mammals, melatonin produced in the pineal gland at night is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, providing rhythmic information to the whole organism. Melatonin acts via specific receptors, allowing the synchronization of daily and annual physiological rhythms to environmental conditions. The pituitary gland, which produces several hormones involved in a variety of physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, stress and reproduction, is an important target of melatonin. Melatonin modulates pituitary cellular activities, adjusting the synthesis and release of the different pituitary hormones to the functional demands, which changes during the day, seasons and life stages. It is, however, not always clear whether melatonin acts directly or indirectly on the pituitary. Indeed, melatonin also acts both upstream, on brain centers that control the pituitary hormone production and release, as well as downstream, on the tissues targeted by the pituitary hormones, which provide positive and negative feedback to the pituitary gland. In this review, we describe the known pathways through which melatonin modulates anterior pituitary hormonal production, distinguishing indirect effects mediated by brain centers from direct effects on the anterior pituitary. We also highlight similarities and differences between teleosts and mammals, drawing attention to knowledge gaps, and suggesting aims for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ciani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude M. Haug
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jack Falcón
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS FRE 2030, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Romain Fontaine,
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de Miera CS, Beymer M, Routledge K, Krol E, Hazlerigg DG, Simonneaux V. Photoperiodic regulation in a wild-derived mouse strain. J Exp Biol 2020:jeb.217687. [PMID: 34005441 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mus musculus molossinus (MSM) is a wild-derived mouse strain which maintains the ability to synthesize melatonin in patterns reflecting the ambient photoperiod. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of photoperiodic variation on metabolic and reproductive traits, and the related changes in pituitary-hypothalamic gene expression in MSM mice. MSM mice were kept in long (LP) or short photoperiod (SP) for 6 weeks. Our results demonstrate that MSM mice kept in LP, as compared to mice kept in SP, display higher expression of genes encoding thyrotropin (TSH) in the pars tuberalis, thyroid hormone deiodinase 2 (dio2) in the tanycytes, RFamide-related peptide (RFRP3) in the hypothalamus and lower expression of dio3 in the tanycytes, along with larger body and reproductive organ mass. Additionally, to assess the effects of the gestational photoperiodic environment on the expression of these genes, we kept MSM mice in LP or SP from gestation and studied offspring. We show that the gestational photoperiod affects the TSH/dio pathway in newborn MSM mice in a similar way to adults. This result indicates a transgenerational effect of photoperiod from the mother to the fetus in utero. Overall, these results indicate that photoperiod can influence neuroendocrine regulation in a melatonin-proficient mouse strain, in a manner similar that documented in other seasonal rodent species. MSM mice may therefore become a useful model for research into the molecular basis of photoperiodic regulation of seasonal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáenz de Miera
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew Beymer
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kevin Routledge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Elżbieta Krol
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Hazlerigg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economy, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valerie Simonneaux
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Dardente H, Lomet D, Chesneau D, Pellicer-Rubio MT, Hazlerigg D. Discontinuity in the molecular neuroendocrine response to increasing daylengths in Ile-de-France ewes: Is transient Dio2 induction a key feature of circannual timing? J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12775. [PMID: 31340078 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, melatonin is responsible for the synchronisation of seasonal cycles to the solar year. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland with a profile reflecting the duration of the night and acts via the pituitary pars tuberalis (PT), which in turn modulates hypothalamic thyroid hormone status via seasonal changes in the production of locally-acting thyrotrophin. Recently, we demonstrated that, in the Soay sheep, photoperiodic induction of Tshb expression and consequent downstream hypothalamic changes occur over a narrow range of photoperiods between 12 and 14 hours in duration. In the present study, we aimed to extend our molecular characterisation of this pathway, based on transcriptomic analysis of photoperiodic changes in the pituitary and hypothalamus of ovariectomised, oestradiol-implanted Ile-de-France ewes. We demonstrate that photoperiodic treatments applied before the winter solstice elicit two distinctive modes of accelerated reproductive switch off compared to ewes held on a simulated natural photoperiod, with shut-down occurring markedly faster on photoperiods of 13 hours or more than on photoperiods of 12 hours and less. This pattern of response was reflected in gene expression profiles of photoperiodically sensitive markers, both in the PT (Tshb, Fam150b, Vmo1, Ezh2 and Suv39H2) and in tanycytes (Tmem252 and Dct). Unexpectedly, the expression of Dio2 in tanycytes did not show any noticeable increase in expression with lengthening photoperiods. Finally, the expression of Kiss1, the key activator of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone release, was proportionately decreased by lengthening photoperiods, in a pattern that correlated strongly with gonadotrophin suppression. These data show that stepwise increases in photoperiod lead to graded molecular responses at the level of the PT, a progressive suppression of Kiss1 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and luteinising hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone release by the pituitary, despite apparently unchanged Dio2 expression in tanycytes. We hypothesise that this apparent discontinuity in the seasonal neuroendocrine response illustrates the transient nature of the thyroid hormone-mediated response to long days in the control of circannual timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Lomet
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - David Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Raivio T, Miettinen PJ. Constitutional delay of puberty versus congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Genetics, management and updates. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101316. [PMID: 31522908 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Delayed puberty (DP) affects approximately 2% of adolescents. In the vast majority of patients in both sexes, it is due to constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP), a self-limited condition in which puberty starts later than usual but progresses normally. However, some CDGP patients may benefit from medical intervention with low-dose sex steroids or peroral aromatase inhibitor letrozole (only for boys). Other causes of DP include permanent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (due to chronic diseases and conditions), and gonadal failure. In this review we discuss these themes along with the latest achievements in the field of puberty research, and include a brief synopsis on the differential diagnosis and management of patients with CDGP and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taneli Raivio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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41
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Dardente H, Wood S, Ebling F, Sáenz de Miera C. An integrative view of mammalian seasonal neuroendocrinology. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12729. [PMID: 31059174 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal neuroendocrine cycles that govern annual changes in reproductive activity, energy metabolism and hair growth are almost ubiquitous in mammals that have evolved at temperate and polar latitudes. Changes in nocturnal melatonin secretion regulating gene expression in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary stalk are a critical common feature in seasonal mammals. The PT sends signal(s) to the pars distalis of the pituitary to regulate prolactin secretion and thus the annual moult cycle. The PT also signals in a retrograde manner via thyroid-stimulating hormone to tanycytes, which line the ventral wall of the third ventricle in the hypothalamus. Tanycytes show seasonal plasticity in gene expression and play a pivotal role in regulating local thyroid hormone (TH) availability. Within the mediobasal hypothalamus, the cellular and molecular targets of TH remain elusive. However, two populations of hypothalamic neurones, which produce the RF-amide neuropeptides kisspeptin and RFRP3 (RF-amide related peptide 3), are plausible relays between TH and the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-pituitary-gonadal axis. By contrast, the ways by which TH also impinges on hypothalamic systems regulating energy intake and expenditure remain unknown. Here, we review the neuroendocrine underpinnings of seasonality and identify several areas that warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Shona Wood
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Francis Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Lonstein JS, Linning-Duffy K, Yan L. Low Daytime Light Intensity Disrupts Male Copulatory Behavior, and Upregulates Medial Preoptic Area Steroid Hormone and Dopamine Receptor Expression, in a Diurnal Rodent Model of Seasonal Affective Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:72. [PMID: 31031606 PMCID: PMC6473160 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) involves a number of psychological and behavioral impairments that emerge during the low daytime light intensity associated with winter, but which remit during the high daytime light intensity associated with summer. One symptom frequently reported by SAD patients is reduced sexual interest and activity, but the endocrine and neural bases of this particular impairment during low daylight intensity is unknown. Using a diurnal laboratory rodent, the Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), we determined how chronic housing under a 12:12 h day/night cycle involving dim low-intensity daylight (50 lux) or bright high-intensity daylight (1,000 lux) affects males’ copulatory behavior, reproductive organ weight, and circulating testosterone. We also examined the expression of mRNAs for the aromatase enzyme, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and androgen receptor (AR) in the medial preoptic area (mPOA; brain site involved in the sensory and hormonal control of copulation), and mRNAs for the dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors in both the mPOA and nucleus accumbens (NAC; brain site involved in stimulus salience and motivation to respond to reward). Compared to male grass rats housed in high-intensity daylight, males in low-intensity daylight displayed fewer mounts and intromissions when interacting with females, but the groups did not differ in their testes or seminal vesicle weights, or in their circulating levels of testosterone. Males in low-intensity daylight unexpectedly had higher ESR1, AR and D1 receptor mRNA in the mPOA, but did not differ from high-intensity daylight males in D1 or D2 mRNA expression in the NAC. Reminiscent of humans with SAD, dim winter-like daylight intensity impairs aspects of sexual behavior in a male diurnal rodent. This effect is not due to reduced circulating testosterone and is associated with upregulation of mPOA steroid and DA receptors that may help maintain some sexual motivation and behavior under winter-like lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Lonstein
- Neuroscience Program & Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Katrina Linning-Duffy
- Neuroscience Program & Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lily Yan
- Neuroscience Program & Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Cázarez-Márquez F, Milesi S, Laran-Chich MP, Klosen P, Kalsbeek A, Simonneaux V. Kisspeptin and RFRP3 modulate body mass in Phodopus sungorus via two different neuroendocrine pathways. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12710. [PMID: 30887598 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many animals exhibit remarkable metabolic and reproductive adaptations to seasonal changes in their environment. When day length shortens, Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) reduce their body weight and inhibit their reproductive activity, whereas the opposite occurs in springtime. These physiological adaptations are considered to depend on photoperiodic changes in hypothalamic genes encoding the peptides kisspeptin (Kp) and RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP3) for the control of reproduction, as well as pro-opiomelanocortin and somatostatin for metabolic regulation. The present study investigates the effect of Kp and RFRP3 on long-term body weight regulation, aiming to establish whether metabolic and reproductive hypothalamic networks may interact during adaptation to seasonal physiology. We found that chronic central administration of both Kp and RFRP3 in short photoperiod-adapted male Djungarian hamsters increased body weight, although via different pathways. The effect of Kp was dependent on testicular activity because castration prevented the body weight increase and was associated with an increase in pro-opiomelanocortin and neuropeptide Y expression. On the other hand, the orexigenic effect of RFRP3 was associated with an increase in circulating insulin and leptin levels, although it had no effect on any of the hypothalamic metabolic genes investigated, and did not change circulating levels of sex steroids. Notably, neither Kp, nor RFRP3 altered female hamster metabolic parameters. Thus, using a rodent model exhibiting seasonal changes in reproduction and metabolism, the present study demonstrates that, in addition to its role in the central control of reproduction, Kp also participates in body weight control in a sex-dependent manner via an anabolic action of testosterone. Conversely, RFRP3 affects body weight control in males mostly by acting on adiposity, with no overt effect on the reproductive system in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cázarez-Márquez
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), Strasbourg, France
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastien Milesi
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Paul Klosen
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), Strasbourg, France
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