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Tan S, Mo X, Qin H, Dong B, Zhou J, Long C, Yang L. Biocytin-Labeling in Whole-Cell Recording: Electrophysiological and Morphological Properties of Pyramidal Neurons in CYLD-Deficient Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104092. [PMID: 37241833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocytin, a chemical compound that is an amide formed from the vitamin biotin and the amino acid L-lysine, has been used as a histological dye to stain nerve cells. Electrophysiological activity and morphology are two key characteristics of neurons, but revealing both the electrophysiological and morphological properties of the same neuron is challenging. This article introduces a detailed and easy-to-operate procedure for single-cell labeling in combination with whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Using a recording electrode filled with a biocytin-containing internal solution, we demonstrate the electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of pyramidal (PNs), medial spiny (MSNs) and parvalbumin neurons (PVs) in brain slices, where the electrophysiological and morphological properties of the same individual cell are elucidated. We first introduce a protocol for whole-cell patch-clamp recording in various neurons, coupled with the intracellular diffusion of biocytin delivered by the glass capillary of the recording electrode, followed by a post hoc procedure to reveal the architecture and morphology of biocytin-labeled neurons. An analysis of action potentials (APs) and neuronal morphology, including the dendritic length, number of intersections, and spine density of biocytin-labeled neurons, were performed using ClampFit and Fiji Image (ImageJ), respectively. Next, to take advantage of the techniques introduced above, we uncovered defects in the APs and the dendritic spines of PNs in the primary motor cortex (M1) of deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) knock-out (Cyld-/-) mice. In summary, this article provides a detailed methodology for revealing the morphology as well as the electrophysiological activity of a single neuron that will have many applications in neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiuping Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihui Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binbin Dong
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiankui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Chen SY, Liu KF, Tan SY, Chen XS, Li HD, Li JJ, Zhou JW, Yang L, Long C. Deubiquitinase CYLD regulates excitatory synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity in the hippocampus. Brain Res 2023; 1806:148313. [PMID: 36878342 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The fate of proteins is determined by the addition of various forms of polyubiquitin during ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Cylindromatosis (CYLD), a K63-specific deubiquitinase, is enriched in postsynaptic density fractions of the rodent central nervous system (CNS), but the synaptic role of CYLD in the CNS is poorly understand. Here we show that CYLD deficiency (Cyld-/-) results in reduced intrinsic hippocampal neuronal firing, a decrease in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and a decrease in the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Moreover, Cyld-/- hippocampus shows downregulated levels of presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1) and upregulated levels of postsynaptic GluA1, a subunit of the AMPA receptor, together with an altered paired-pulse ratio (PPR). We also found increased activation of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of Cyld-/- mice. The present study suggests a critical role for CYLD in mediating hippocampal neuronal and synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ke-Fang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Shu-Yi Tan
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiao-Shan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Hui-Dong Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jian-Wen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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3
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Yang C, Chen X, Zhang C, Lei X, Lu Y, Wang Y, Feng H, Chen T, Yang Y. Acetylated α-tubulin alleviates injury to the dendritic spines after ischemic stroke in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36965035 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Functional recovery is associated with the preservation of dendritic spines in the penumbra area after stroke. Previous studies found that polymerized microtubules (MTs) serve a crucial role in regulating dendritic spine formation and plasticity. However, the mechanisms that are involved are poorly understood. This study is designed to understand whether the upregulation of acetylated α-tubulin (α-Ac-Tub, a marker for stable, and polymerized MTs) could alleviate injury to the dendritic spines in the penumbra area and motor dysfunction after ischemic stroke. METHODS Ischemic stroke was mimicked both in an in vivo and in vitro setup using middle cerebral artery occlusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation models. Thy1-YFP mice were utilized to observe the morphology of the dendritic spines in the penumbra area. MEC17 is the specific acetyltransferase of α-tubulin. Thy1 CreERT2-eYFP and MEC17fl/fl mice were mated to produce mice with decreased expression of α-Ac-Tub in dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, AAV-PHP.B-DIO-MEC17 virus and tubastatin A (TBA) were injected into Thy1 CreERT2-eYFP and Thy1-YFP mice to increase α-Ac-Tub expression. Single-pellet retrieval, irregular ladder walking, rotarod, and cylinder tests were performed to test the motor function after the ischemic stroke. RESULTS α-Ac-Tub was colocalized with postsynaptic density 95. Although knockout of MEC17 in the pyramidal neurons did not affect the density of the dendritic spines, it significantly aggravated the injury to them in the penumbra area and motor dysfunction after stroke. However, MEC17 upregulation in the pyramidal neurons and TBA treatment could maintain mature dendritic spine density and alleviate motor dysfunction after stroke. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that α-Ac-Tub plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the structure and functions of mature dendritic spines. Moreover, α-Ac-Tub protected the dendritic spines in the penumbra area and alleviated motor dysfunction after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214044, China
| | - Xuejiao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214044, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214044, China
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Tan SY, Jiang JX, Huang HX, Mo XP, Feng JR, Chen Y, Yang L, Long C. Neural mechanism underlies CYLD modulation of morphology and synaptic function of medium spiny neurons in dorsolateral striatum. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1107355. [PMID: 36846565 PMCID: PMC9945542 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD), an abundant protein in the postsynaptic density fraction, plays a crucial role in mediating the synaptic activity of the striatum, the precise molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, using a Cyld-knockout mouse model, we demonstrate that CYLD regulates dorsolateral striatum (DLS) neuronal morphology, firing activity, excitatory synaptic transmission, and plasticity of striatal medium spiny neurons via, likely, interaction with glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1) and glutamate receptor 2 (GluA2), two key subunits of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). CYLD deficiency reduces levels of GluA1 and GluA2 surface protein and increases K63-linked ubiquitination, resulting in functional impairments both in AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents and in AMPAR-dependent long-term depression. The results demonstrate a functional association of CYLD with AMPAR activity, which strengthens our understanding of the role of CYLD in striatal neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Tan
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Feng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Zajicek AS, Ruan H, Dai H, Skolfield MC, Phillips HL, Burnette WJ, Javidfar B, Sun SC, Akbarian S, Yao WD. Cylindromatosis drives synapse pruning and weakening by promoting macroautophagy through Akt-mTOR signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2414-2424. [PMID: 35449295 PMCID: PMC9278694 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The lysine-63 deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) is long recognized as a tumor suppressor in immunity and inflammation, and its loss-of-function mutations lead to familial cylindromatosis. However, recent studies reveal that CYLD is enriched in mammalian brain postsynaptic densities, and a gain-of-function mutation causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD), suggesting critical roles at excitatory synapses. Here we report that CYLD drives synapse elimination and weakening by acting on the Akt-mTOR-autophagy axis. Mice lacking CYLD display abnormal sociability, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and cognitive inflexibility. These behavioral impairments are accompanied by excessive synapse numbers, increased postsynaptic efficacy, augmented synaptic summation, and impaired NMDA receptor-dependent hippocampal long-term depression (LTD). Exogenous expression of CYLD results in removal of established dendritic spines from mature neurons in a deubiquitinase activity-dependent manner. In search of underlying molecular mechanisms, we find that CYLD knockout mice display marked overactivation of Akt and mTOR and reduced autophagic flux, and conversely, CYLD overexpression potently suppresses Akt and mTOR activity and promotes autophagy. Consequently, abrogating the Akt-mTOR-autophagy signaling pathway abolishes CYLD-induced spine loss, whereas enhancing autophagy in vivo by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin rescues the synaptic pruning and LTD deficits in mutant mice. Our findings establish CYLD, via Akt-mTOR signaling, as a synaptic autophagy activator that exerts critical modulations on synapse maintenance, function, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis S Zajicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Hongyu Ruan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Huihui Dai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mary C Skolfield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Hannah L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Wendi J Burnette
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Behnam Javidfar
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Yao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Pirooznia SK, Wang H, Panicker N, Kumar M, Neifert S, Dar MA, Lau E, Kang BG, Redding-Ochoa J, Troncoso JC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Deubiquitinase CYLD acts as a negative regulator of dopamine neuron survival in Parkinson's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabh1824. [PMID: 35363524 PMCID: PMC10938605 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in PINK1 and parkin highlight the mitochondrial axis of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. PINK1/parkin regulation of the transcriptional repressor PARIS bears direct relevance to dopamine neuron survival through augmentation of PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. Notably, knockout of PARIS attenuates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mouse models, indicating that interventions that prevent dopaminergic accumulation of PARIS could have therapeutic potential in PD. To this end, we have identified the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) to be a regulator of PARIS protein stability and proteasomal degradation via the PINK1/parkin pathway. Knockdown of CYLD in multiple models of PINK1 or parkin inactivation attenuates PARIS accumulation by modulating its ubiquitination levels and relieving its repressive effect on PGC-1α to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Together, our studies identify CYLD as a negative regulator of dopamine neuron survival, and inhibition of CYLD may potentially be beneficial in PD by lowering PARIS levels and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K. Pirooznia
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hu Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nikhil Panicker
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stewart Neifert
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mohamad Aasif Dar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Evan Lau
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bong Gu Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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The K63 deubiquitinase CYLD modulates autism-like behaviors and hippocampal plasticity by regulating autophagy and mTOR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110755118. [PMID: 34782467 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110755118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nondegradative ubiquitin chains attached to specific targets via Lysine 63 (K63) residues have emerged to play a fundamental role in synaptic function. The K63-specific deubiquitinase CYLD has been widely studied in immune cells and lately also in neurons. To better understand if CYLD plays a role in brain and synapse homeostasis, we analyzed the behavioral profile of CYLD-deficient mice. We found that the loss of CYLD results in major autism-like phenotypes including impaired social communication, increased repetitive behavior, and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, the absence of CYLD leads to a reduction in hippocampal network excitability, long-term potentiation, and pyramidal neuron spine numbers. By providing evidence that CYLD can modulate mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and autophagy at the synapse, we propose that synaptic K63-linked ubiquitination processes could be fundamental in understanding the pathomechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder.
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Li HD, Li DN, Yang L, Long C. Deficiency of the CYLD Impairs Fear Memory of Mice and Disrupts Neuronal Activity and Synaptic Transmission in the Basolateral Amygdala. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:740165. [PMID: 34602983 PMCID: PMC8485066 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.740165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear learning and memory are crucial for animal survival. Abnormal fear memory is a hallmark of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Appropriate neuronal activation and excitability in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are necessary for the formation of fear memory. The gene cylindromatosis (Cyld), which encodes a lysine-63 deubiquitinase, is expressed in several brain regions including the amygdala. The functions of the cylindromatosis protein (CYLD) in the regulation of the neuronal activity, neural circuits and fear memory, remain largely unknown, however. Here, we report that Cyld knockout impairs amygdala-dependent tone-cued fear memory. The number of c-Fos+ neurons responding to the tone-cued fear test was reduced in the BLA of Cyld–/– mice, suggesting that the absence of CYLD causes aberrant neuronal activation. We found that this aberrant neuronal activation in the BLA of Cyld–/– mice may relate to the decreased excitability of principal neurons. Another possibility of aberrant neuronal activation could be the impaired excitatory synaptic transmission in the BLA of Cyld–/– mice. Specifically, both the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in BLA principal neurons were decreased. In addition, Cyld mutation caused an increase in both the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in principal neurons and the number of parvalbumin+ interneurons, consistent with excessive local circuit inhibition in the BLA of Cyld–/– mice. Taken together, these results suggest that CYLD deficiency disrupts the neuronal activity and synaptic transmission in the BLA of mice which may contribute to the impaired fear memory observed in Cyld–/– mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Dong Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ni Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Imaging of spine synapses using super-resolution microscopy. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:343-358. [PMID: 33459976 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal circuits in the neocortex and hippocampus are essential for higher brain functions such as motor learning and spatial memory. In the mammalian forebrain, most excitatory synapses of pyramidal neurons are formed on spines, which are tiny protrusions extending from the dendritic shaft. The spine contains specialized molecular machinery that regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity. Spine size correlates with the efficacy of synaptic transmission, and spine morphology affects signal transduction at the post-synaptic compartment. Plasticity-related changes in the structural and molecular organization of spine synapses are thought to underlie the cellular basis of learning and memory. Recent advances in super-resolution microscopy have revealed the molecular mechanisms of the nanoscale synaptic structures regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity in living neurons, which are difficult to investigate using electron microscopy alone. In this review, we summarize recent advances in super-resolution imaging of spine synapses and discuss the implications of nanoscale structures in the regulation of synaptic function, learning, and memory.
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10
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Qu W, Jin H, Chen BP, Liu J, Li R, Guo W, Tian H. CPEB3 regulates neuron-specific alternative splicing and involves neurogenesis gene expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2330-2347. [PMID: 33318303 PMCID: PMC7880327 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental mechanism that modifies neuronal function dynamically where secretion of different splice variants regulates neurogenesis, development, pathfinding, maintenance, migration, and synaptogenesis. Sequence-specific RNA-Binding Protein CPEB3 has distinctive isoform-distinct biochemical interactions and neuronal development assembly roles. Nonetheless, the mechanisms moderating splice isoform options remain unclear. To establish the modulatory trend of CPEB3, we cloned and excessively expressed CPEB3 in HT22 cells. We used RNA-seq to analyze CPEB3-regulated alternative splicing on control and CPEB3-overexpressing cells. Consequently, we used iRIP-seq to identify CPEB-binding targets. We additionally validated CPEB3-modulated genes using RT-qPCR. CPEB3 overexpression had insignificant effects on gene expression in HT22 cells. Notably, CPEB3 partially modulated differential gene splicing enhanced in the modulation of neural development, neuron cycle, neurotrophin, synapse, and specific development pathway, implying an alternative splicing regulatory mechanism associated with neurogenesis. Moreover, qRT-PCR verified the CPEB3-modulated transcription of neurogenesis genes LCN2 and NAV2, synaptogenesis gene CYLD, as well as neural development gene JADE1. Herein, we established that CPEB3 is a critical modulator of alternative splicing in neurogenesis, which remarkably enhances the current understanding of the CPEB3 mediated alternative pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongjuan Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing-Peng Chen
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenlai Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Heng Tian
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Moutin MJ, Bosc C, Peris L, Andrieux A. Tubulin post-translational modifications control neuronal development and functions. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:253-272. [PMID: 33325152 PMCID: PMC8246997 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are an essential component of the neuronal cytoskeleton; they are involved in various aspects of neuron development, maintenance, and functions including polarization, synaptic plasticity, and transport. Neuronal MTs are highly heterogeneous due to the presence of multiple tubulin isotypes and extensive post‐translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs—most notably detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation—have emerged as important regulators of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. With this review, we summarize what is currently known about the impact of tubulin PTMs on microtubule dynamics, neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and transport as well as on brain function in normal and pathological conditions, in particular during neuro‐degeneration. The main therapeutic approaches to neuro‐diseases based on the modulation of tubulin PTMs are also summarized. Overall, the review indicates how tubulin PTMs can generate a large number of functionally specialized microtubule sub‐networks, each of which is crucial to specific neuronal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
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Li J, Han W, Wu K, Li YD, Liu Q, Lu W. A Conserved Tyrosine Residue in Slitrk3 Carboxyl-Terminus Is Critical for GABAergic Synapse Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:213. [PMID: 31551708 PMCID: PMC6746929 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-passing transmembrane protein, Slitrk3 (Slit and Trk-like family member 3, ST3), is a synaptic cell adhesion molecule highly expressed at inhibitory synapses. Recent studies have shown that ST3, through its extracellular domain, selectively regulates inhibitory synapse development via the trans-synaptic interaction with presynaptic cell adhesion molecule, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase δ (PTPδ) and the cis-interaction with postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule, Neuroligin 2 (NL2). However, little is known about the physiological function of ST3 intracellular, carboxyl (C)-terminal region. Here we report that in heterologous cells, ST3 C-terminus is not required for ST3 homo-dimerization and trafficking to the cell surface. In contrast, in hippocampal neurons, ST3 C-terminus, more specifically, the conserved tyrosine Y969 (in mice), is critical for GABAergic synapse development. Indeed, overexpression of ST3 Y969A mutant markedly reduced the gephyrin puncta density and GABAergic transmission in hippocampal neurons. In addition, single-cell genetic deletion of ST3 strongly impaired GABAergic transmission. Importantly, wild-type (WT) ST3, but not the ST3 Y969A mutant, could fully rescue GABAergic transmission deficits in neurons lacking endogenous ST3, confirming a critical role of Y969 in the regulation of inhibitory synapses. Taken together, our data identify a single critical residue in ST3 C-terminus that is important for GABAergic synapse development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wenyan Han
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kunwei Wu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuping Derek Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qun Liu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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