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Montgomery AD, Fenner D, Donahue MJ, Toonen RJ. Community similarity and species overlap between habitats provide insight into the deep reef refuge hypothesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23787. [PMID: 34893672 PMCID: PMC8664904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep reef refuge hypothesis (DRRH) postulates that mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) may provide a refuge for shallow coral reefs (SCRs). Understanding this process is an important conservation tool given increasing threats to coral reefs. To establish a better framework to analyze the DRRH, we analyzed stony coral communities in American Sāmoa across MCEs and SCRs to describe the community similarity and species overlap to test the foundational assumption of the DRRH. We suggest a different approach to determine species as depth specialists or generalists that changes the conceptual role of MCEs and emphasizes their importance in conservation planning regardless of their role as a refuge or not. This further encourages a reconsideration of a broader framework for the DRRH. We found 12 species of corals exclusively on MCEs and 183 exclusively on SCRs with another 63 species overlapping between depth zones. Of these, 19 appear to have the greatest potential to serve as reseeding species. Two additional species are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, Acropora speciosa and Fimbriaphyllia paradivisa categorized as an occasional deep specialist and a deep exclusive species, respectively. Based on the community distinctiveness and minimal species overlap of SCR and MCE communities, we propose a broader framework by evaluating species overlap across coral reef habitats. This provides an opportunity to consider the opposite of the DRRH where SCRs support MCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Montgomery
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA. .,Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, HI, 96850, USA.
| | - Douglas Fenner
- Pacific Islands Regional Office, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Linker, Inc., Pago Pago, AS, 96799, USA
| | - Megan J Donahue
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
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2
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Arnillas CA, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Alberti J, Baez S, Bakker JD, Boughton EH, Buckley YM, Bugalho MN, Donohue I, Dwyer J, Firn J, Gridzak R, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Helm A, Jentsch A, Knops JMH, Komatsu KJ, Laanisto L, Laungani R, McCulley R, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Peri PL, Power SA, Price J, Sankaran M, Schamp B, Speziale K, Standish R, Virtanen R, Cadotte MW. Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and nondominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17744-17761. [PMID: 35003636 PMCID: PMC8717298 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants-the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage-and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic relatedness among dominants compared to the relatedness among nondominants. By estimating phylogenetic dispersion in 78 grasslands across five continents, we found that dominant species were clustered (e.g., co-dominant grasses), suggesting dominant species are likely organized by environmental filtering, and that nondominant species were either randomly assembled or overdispersed. Traits showed similar trends for those sites (<50%) with sufficient trait data. Furthermore, several lineages scattered in the phylogeny had more nondominant species than expected at random, suggesting that traits common in nondominants are phylogenetically conserved and have evolved multiple times. We also explored environmental drivers of the dominant/nondominant disparity. We found different assembly patterns for dominants and nondominants, consistent with asymmetries in assembly mechanisms. Among the different postulated mechanisms, our results suggest two complementary hypotheses seldom explored: (1) Nondominant species include lineages adapted to thrive in the environment generated by dominant species. (2) Even when dominant species reduce resources to nondominant ones, dominant species could have a stronger positive effect on some nondominants by ameliorating environmental stressors affecting them, than by depleting resources and increasing the environmental stress to those nondominants. These results show that the dominant/nondominant asymmetry has ecological and evolutionary consequences fundamental to understand plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC, UNMdP, CONICET)Mar del PlataArgentina
| | - Selene Baez
- Department of BiologyEscuela Politécnica NacionalQuitoEcuador
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Yvonne M. Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Miguel Nuno Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology Prof. Baeta Neves (CEABN‐InBIO)School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Ian Donohue
- School of Natural Sciences, ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - John Dwyer
- University of Queensland, School of Biological SciencesST‐LuciaQldAustralia
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) BrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Nicole Hagenah
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyMammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity GroupDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental SciencesXi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Lauri Laanisto
- Department of Agricutural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Rebecca McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Joslin L. Moore
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | | | | | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithAustralia
| | - Jodi Price
- Institute for Land, Water and SocietyCharles Sturt UniversityAlburyNSWAustralia
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTIFRBengaluruIndia
- School of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Karina Speziale
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio EcotonoINIBIOMA (CONICET‐UNCOMA)San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Rachel Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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3
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Jawad WA, Krueger-Hadfield SA, Ross P. A Subtropical Nudibranch, Polycera hummi (Abbott 1952), Described for the First Time from Virginia. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/045.028.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Schmidt JP, Davies TJ, Farrell MJ. Opposing macroevolutionary and trait-mediated patterns of threat and naturalisation in flowering plants. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1237-1250. [PMID: 33786974 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to expanding global trade and movement of people, new plant species are establishing in exotic ranges at increasing rates while the number of native species facing extinction from multiple threats grows. Yet, how species losses and gains globally may, together, be linked to traits and macroevolutionary processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that, adjusting for diversification rate and clade age, the proportion of threatened species across flowering plant families is negatively related to the proportion of naturalised species per family. Moreover, naturalisation is positively associated with range size, short generation time, autonomous seed production and interspecific hybridisation, but negatively with age and diversification, whereas threat is negatively associated with range size and hybridisation, and positively with biotic pollination, age and diversification rate. That we find such a pronounced signature of naturalisation and threat across plant families suggests that both trait syndromes have coexisted over deep evolutionary time and counter to intuition, that neither strategy is necessarily superior to the other over long evolutionary timespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Schmidt
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - T Jonathan Davies
- Departments of Botany, Forest & Conservation Sciences, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
| | - Maxwell J Farrell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Spear MJ, Walsh JR, Ricciardi A, Zanden MJV. The Invasion Ecology of Sleeper Populations: Prevalence, Persistence, and Abrupt Shifts. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
It is well established that nonnative species are a key driver of global environmental change, but much less is known about the underlying drivers of nonnative species outbreaks themselves. In the present article, we explore the concept and implications of nonnative sleeper populations in invasion dynamics. Such populations persist at low abundance for years or even decades—a period during which they often go undetected and have negligible impact—until they are triggered by an environmental factor to become highly abundant and disruptive. Population irruptions are commonly misinterpreted as a recent arrival of the nonnative species, but sleeper populations belie a more complex history of inconspicuous occurrence followed by an abrupt shift in abundance and ecological impact. In the present article, we identify mechanisms that can trigger their irruption, and the implications for invasive species risk assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Spear
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jake R Walsh
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, time of this work, and is now the invasive species grants and research coordinator for the Ecological and Water Resources Division of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - Anthony Ricciardi
- Redpath Museum and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and is a research associate at the Centre for Invasion Biology at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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6
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Tihelka E, Engel MS, Huang D, Cai C. Mimicry in Cretaceous Bugs. iScience 2020; 23:101280. [PMID: 32622262 PMCID: PMC7334408 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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7
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Capdevila P, Beger M, Blomberg SP, Hereu B, Linares C, Salguero‐Gómez R. Longevity, body dimension and reproductive mode drive differences in aquatic versus terrestrial life‐history strategies. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Capdevila
- Department of Zoology Oxford University Oxford UK
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Simone P. Blomberg
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Roberto Salguero‐Gómez
- Department of Zoology Oxford University Oxford UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
- Evolutionary Demography Laboratory Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Rostock Germany
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8
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Olsen KC, Ryan WH, Winn AA, Kosman ET, Moscoso JA, Krueger-Hadfield SA, Burgess SC, Carlon DB, Grosberg RK, Kalisz S, Levitan DR. Inbreeding shapes the evolution of marine invertebrates. Evolution 2020; 74:871-882. [PMID: 32191349 PMCID: PMC7383701 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding is a potent evolutionary force shaping the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of plants and animals. Yet, our understanding of the forces shaping the expression and evolution of nonrandom mating in general, and inbreeding in particular, remains remarkably incomplete. Most research on plant mating systems focuses on self-fertilization and its consequences for automatic selection, inbreeding depression, purging, and reproductive assurance, whereas studies of animal mating systems have often assumed that inbreeding is rare, and that natural selection favors traits that promote outbreeding. Given that many sessile and sedentary marine invertebrates and marine macroalgae share key life history features with seed plants (e.g., low mobility, modular construction, and the release of gametes into the environment), their mating systems may be similar. Here, we show that published estimates of inbreeding coefficients (FIS ) for sessile and sedentary marine organisms are similar and at least as high as noted in terrestrial seed plants. We also found that variation in FIS within invertebrates is related to the potential to self-fertilize, disperse, and choose mates. The similarity of FIS for these organismal groups suggests that inbreeding could play a larger role in the evolution of sessile and sedentary marine organisms than is currently recognized. Specifically, associations between traits of marine invertebrates and FIS suggest that inbreeding could drive evolutionary transitions between hermaphroditism and separate sexes, direct development and multiphasic life cycles, and external and internal fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Olsen
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Will H Ryan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Alice A Winn
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Ellen T Kosman
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Jose A Moscoso
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | | | - Scott C Burgess
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - David B Carlon
- The Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, 04011.,Schiller Coastal Studies Center, Bowdoin College, Orr's Island, Maine, 04066
| | - Richard K Grosberg
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996
| | - Don R Levitan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
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9
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Arnillas CA, Cadotte MW. Experimental dominant plant removal results in contrasting assembly for dominant and non-dominant plants. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1233-1242. [PMID: 31134752 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding why communities appear deterministically dominated by relatively few species is an age-old debate in ecology. We hypothesised that the dominant and non-dominant species in a community are governed by different assembly mechanisms where environmental conditions influence dominant species more than non-dominant species. Further, dominant plants moderate the environment where non-dominant species thrive, diminishing the influence of environmental filtering and increasing the influence of limiting similarity for non-dominant species. We tested these hypotheses by removing two dominant species in five temperate meadows. We found that the composition of the non-dominants diverged while the new dominants converged over time. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that habitat filtering and limiting similarity drove the new dominant species simultaneously. Conversely, non-dominant community assembly appeared more unpredictable. These suggest that dominant species converged towards a predictable environmentally driven optimum, while non-dominant species thrive in a moderated habitat, which probably reduced non-dominant species predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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