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Ren Q, Liu D, Liu Y, Liu Y. Spatio-temporal dynamics and socio-ecological determinants of ecosystem service interplays in Shandong Province's coastal region (2000-2020): Implications for environmental protection and sustainable ecosystem management. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117824. [PMID: 38061592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The sustainable management of multiple concurrent ecosystem services (ESs) requires a comprehensive understanding of the interconnections between various ESs. In this study, we develop spatial maps for six distinct ESs using a variety of models, and we quantify their trade-offs, synergies, and bundling patterns through spatial mapping and statistical methodologies. We further delve into the antagonistic and synergistic dynamics between different ESs within each Ecosystem Service Bundle (ESB), and employ GeoDetector to pinpoint the key drivers of each ES. Our findings reveal that: (1) The spatial distributions of ESs are heterogeneous, with most ESs exhibiting a downward trend except for GP and SC, which are on the rise. CS shows positive correlations with all other five ES indicators. HQ exhibits positive correlations with SC and RS, whereas negative correlations are observed between HQ-GP and WC-RS. Six ES pairs demonstrate a decline in synergistic relationships, but an increase in trade-off relationships. (2) We distinguish six types of ESBs, each differing in their combination and extent of ES provision. The trade-offs and synergies within these distinct ESBs display both commonalities and differences. In certain ESBs, supply services display synergistic relationships with other ESs. We leverage ES bundles as the foundation for studying spatial planning zoning, revealing a diversity in the interactions between different ES pairs and the driving factors of ES. Therefore, we establish the theoretical basis for formulating spatial planning on the interrelationships and drivers of ES under spatial and temporal changes. We anticipate that our findings will offer valuable scientific insight for the development of future ecological conservation and spatial planning strategies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Ren
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yaolin Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan 215316, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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González-Caro S, Tello JS, Myers JA, Feeley K, Blundo C, Calderón-Loor M, Carilla J, Cayola L, Cuesta F, Farfán W, Fuentes AF, Garcia-Cabrera K, Grau R, Idarraga Á, Loza MI, Malhi Y, Malizia A, Malizia L, Osinaga-Acosta O, Pinto E, Salinas N, Silman M, Terán-Valdéz A, Duque Á. Historical Assembly of Andean Tree Communities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3546. [PMID: 37896011 PMCID: PMC10610186 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of species diversity have been associated with changes in climate across latitude and elevation. However, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these relationships are still actively debated. Here, we present a complementary view of the well-known tropical niche conservatism (TNC) hypothesis, termed the multiple zones of origin (MZO) hypothesis, to explore mechanisms underlying latitudinal and elevational gradients of phylogenetic diversity in tree communities. The TNC hypothesis posits that most lineages originate in warmer, wetter, and less seasonal environments in the tropics and rarely colonize colder, drier, and more seasonal environments outside of the tropical lowlands, leading to higher phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. In contrast, the MZO hypothesis posits that lineages also originate in temperate environments and readily colonize similar environments in the tropical highlands, leading to lower phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. We tested these phylogenetic predictions using a combination of computer simulations and empirical analyses of tree communities in 245 forest plots located in six countries across the tropical and subtropical Andes. We estimated the phylogenetic diversity for each plot and regressed it against elevation and latitude. Our simulated and empirical results provide strong support for the MZO hypothesis. Phylogenetic diversity among co-occurring tree species increased with both latitude and elevation, suggesting an important influence on the historical dispersal of lineages with temperate origins into the tropical highlands. The mixing of different floras was likely favored by the formation of climatically suitable corridors for plant migration due to the Andean uplift. Accounting for the evolutionary history of plant communities helps to advance our knowledge of the drivers of tree community assembly along complex climatic gradients, and thus their likely responses to modern anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián González-Caro
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 1027, Colombia
| | - J. Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA;
| | - Kenneth Feeley
- Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Cecilia Blundo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Marco Calderón-Loor
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Albo Climate, Ehad Ha’am, 9, Tel Aviv, 65251, Israel
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Leslie Cayola
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Francisco Cuesta
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - William Farfán
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA;
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Alfredo F. Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Escuela Profesional de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 08003, Peru
| | - Ricardo Grau
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Álvaro Idarraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - M. Isabel Loza
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX14BH, UK;
| | - Agustina Malizia
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Lucio Malizia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Jujuy 4600, Argentina;
| | - Oriana Osinaga-Acosta
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Esteban Pinto
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Norma Salinas
- Institute for Nature Earth and Energy, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, 15088, Peru
| | - Miles Silman
- Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Andrea Terán-Valdéz
- Centro Jambatú de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios Quito Ecuador, Quito 170131, Ecuador
| | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 1027, Colombia
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Zhao L, Gao R, Liu J, Liu L, Li R, Men L, Zhang Z. Effects of Environmental Factors on the Spatial Distribution Pattern and Diversity of Insect Communities along Altitude Gradients in Guandi Mountain, China. INSECTS 2023; 14:224. [PMID: 36975909 PMCID: PMC10058187 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the distribution patterns and underlying maintenance mechanisms of insect species is a core issue in the field of insect ecology. However, research gaps remain regarding the environmental factors that determine the distribution of insect species along altitudinal gradients in Guandi Mountain, China. Here, we explored these determinants based on the distribution pattern and diversity of insect species from 1600 m to 2800 m in the Guandi Mountain, which covers all typical vegetation ecosystems in this area. Our results showed that the insect community showed certain differentiation characteristics with the altitude gradient. The results of RDA and correlation analysis also support the above speculation and indicate that soil physicochemical properties are closely related to the distribution and diversity of insect taxa orders along the altitude gradient. In addition, the soil temperature showed an obvious decreasing trend with increasing altitude, and temperature was also the most significant environmental factor affecting the insect community structure and diversity on the altitude gradient. These findings provide a reference for exploring the maintenance mechanisms affecting the structure, distribution pattern, and diversity of insect communities in mountain ecosystems, and the effects of global warming on insect communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ruihe Gao
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Rongjiao Li
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lina Men
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Forest Conservation, College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Kerner JM, Krauss J, Maihoff F, Bofinger L, Classen A. Alpine butterflies want to fly high: Species and communities shift upwards faster than their host plants. Ecology 2023; 104:e3848. [PMID: 36366785 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite sometimes strong codependencies of insect herbivores and plants, the responses of individual taxa to accelerating climate change are typically studied in isolation. For this reason, biotic interactions that potentially limit species in tracking their preferred climatic niches are ignored. Here, we chose butterflies as a prominent representative of herbivorous insects to investigate the impacts of temperature changes and their larval host plant distributions along a 1.4-km elevational gradient in the German Alps. Following a sampling protocol of 2009, we revisited 33 grassland plots in 2019 over an entire growing season. We quantified changes in butterfly abundance and richness by repeated transect walks on each plot and disentangled the direct and indirect effects of locally assessed temperature, site management, and larval and adult food resource availability on these patterns. Additionally, we determined elevational range shifts of butterflies and host plants at both the community and species level. Comparing the two sampled years (2009 and 2019), we found a severe decline in butterfly abundance and a clear upward shift of butterflies along the elevational gradient. We detected shifts in the peak of species richness, community composition, and at the species level, whereby mountainous species shifted particularly strongly. In contrast, host plants showed barely any change, neither in connection with species richness nor individual species shifts. Further, temperature and host plant richness were the main drivers of butterfly richness, with change in temperature best explaining the change in richness over time. We concluded that host plants were not yet hindering butterfly species and communities from shifting upwards. However, the mismatch between butterfly and host plant shifts might become a problem for this very close plant-herbivore relationship, especially toward higher elevations, if butterflies fail to adapt to new host plants. Further, our results support the value of conserving traditional extensive pasture use as a promoter of host plant and, hence, butterfly richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janika M Kerner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabienne Maihoff
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Alice Classen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Ao S, Ye L, Liu X, Cai Q, He F. Elevational patterns of trait composition and functional diversity of stream macroinvertebrates in the Hengduan Mountains region, Southwest China. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2022; 144:109558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Six groups of ground-dwelling arthropods show different diversity responses along elevational gradients in the Swiss Alps. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271831. [PMID: 35877769 PMCID: PMC9312367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevational gradients along mountain slopes offer opportunities to study key factors shaping species diversity patterns. Several environmental factors change over short distances along the elevational gradient in predictable ways. However, different taxa respond to these factors differently resulting in various proposed models for biodiversity patterns along elevational transects. Using a multi-taxa approach, we investigated the effects of elevation, area, habitat and soil characteristics on species richness, individual abundance and species composition of six groups of ground-dwelling arthropods along four transect lines in the Swiss National Park and its surroundings (Eastern Alps). Spiders, millipedes, centipedes, ants, ground beetles and rove beetles were sampled using standardized methods (pitfall traps, cardboard traps, visual search) in 65 sites spanning an elevational range from 1800 to 2750 m a.s.l.. A total of 14,782 individuals comprising 248 species were collected (86 spider, 74 rove beetle, 34 ground beetle, 21 millipede, 19 centipede and 14 ant species). Linear mixed model-analysis revealed that rarefied species richness in five out of the six arthropod groups was affected by elevation (the quadratic term of elevation provided the best fit in most cases). We found three different patterns (linear decrease in centipedes, low elevation plateau followed by a decrease in ants and rove beetles, and midpoint peak in spiders and millipedes). These patterns were only partially mirrored when considering individual abundance. Elevation influenced species composition in all groups examined. Overall, elevation was the most important factor explaining the diversity patterns, while most local habitat and soil characteristics have little influence on these patterns. Our study supports the importance of using multi-taxa approaches when examining effects of elevational gradients. Considering only a single group may result in misleading findings for overall biodiversity.
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The importance of conditionally rare taxa for the assembly and interaction of fungal communities in mangrove sediments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3787-3798. [PMID: 35538375 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The fungal communities provide the nutrients and drive the cycles of elements in nature, and the rare fungal taxa are proved to be crucial for these communities in many environments. However, the ecological functions of rare taxa for the fungal communities in mangrove ecosystems are poorly assessed until now. This work aims to reveal the importance of rare taxa for the assembly of fungal communities in mangrove sediments by using the amplicon sequencing analysis of different spatiotemporal samples collected from Sanya mangroves, China. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla in the conditionally rare taxa (CRT). The fungal communities possessed outstanding stability against the spatiotemporal variation and most collected environmental factors. The CRT possessed narrower niches and were more affected by the environmental variables than the abundant taxa. The current work demonstrated that the CRT had significantly higher relative abundances, degrees (the number of adjacent edges), clustering coefficients, and closeness centralities in the top 8 modules of the co-occurrence network (p < 0.05), indicating the important role of the CRT for the interaction of fungal communities in mangrove sediments. These findings indicate the importance of the CRT for the fungal community structures in mangrove sediments, and would deepen our understanding of dynamic functions of mangrove fungi, thereby facilitating the management, utilization, and protection of mangrove ecosystems. KEY POINTS: • Fungal communities in mangrove sediments are stable against environment variations. • The conditionally rare taxa (CRT) possessed narrower niches than the abundant fungal taxa. • The CRT are central for the co-occurrence network and interaction of fungal communities.
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Matavelli R, Oliveira JM, Soininen J, Ribeiro MC, Bertoluci J. Altitude and temperature drive anuran community assembly in a Neotropical mountain region. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Matavelli
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP) Piracicaba Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC) Departamento de Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Juliano Machado Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC) Departamento de Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Janne Soininen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC) Departamento de Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Jaime Bertoluci
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP) Piracicaba Brazil
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Wang B, He Y, Zhao Y, Cui Y. Distribution and Assemblage Variation of Benthic Macroinvertebrates: A Uniform Elevational Biodiversity Pattern Among Different Groups? Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.817708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity patterns along the elevational gradient of vertebrates have been widely focused on in previous studies, but they are still insufficient on invertebrates in lakes to a wide elevational extent. Based on field samplings and literature, we compared biodiversity patterns among different taxonomic groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in 104 lakes of China and India along an elevational gradient of 2–5,010 m a.s.l. and revealed the key driving factors, and then, we discussed the key mechanisms underlying elevational biodiversity patterns. We found that elevational biodiversity patterns of different taxonomic groups were not uniform, e.g., an exponentially decreasing pattern of Bivalvia, a first horizontal and then decreasing pattern of Gastropoda, and a linear decreasing pattern of Oligochaeta and Insecta. Elevation and elevation-controlled variables (temperature and salinity) were the key driving factors to biodiversity patterns. Their effects were strongest on Bivalvia and less on Gastropoda, whereas they were relatively weak on Oligochaeta and Insecta. Finally, we discussed three important mechanisms that shaped elevational biodiversity patterns and assemblage variations of benthic macroinvertebrates by linking our results with the classic hypotheses about biodiversity patterns, including climate/productivity, environmental heterogeneity, and dispersal/history. These results could improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and biodiversity conservation.
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Luo Q, Chiu MC, Tan L, Cai Q. Hydrological Season Can Have Unexpectedly Insignificant Influences on the Elevational Patterns of Functional Diversity of Riverine Macroinvertebrates. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020208. [PMID: 35205075 PMCID: PMC8869275 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatial biodiversity is a key issue in biogeography for the explorations of biological origin and diversification. However, seldom studies have addressed the temporal changes in spatial patterns of biodiversity. We explored the taxonomic and functional diversities of riverine macroinvertebrates in central China, with the elevational gradient, in different seasons in a normal climate year (i.e., no extreme anomalies in the annual precipitation or average annual temperature). The air temperature and streamflow discharge were decreased monotonically with the increase of elevation both in the dry and wet seasons. In addition, the total nitrogen had no significant change with the increase of elevational gradient in the dry season but showed a monotonically decreasing pattern in the wet season. The total phosphorus showed a monotonically decreasing pattern with the elevational gradient in the dry season but had no significant change in the wet season. The spatial pattern of taxonomic diversity of macroinvertebrates along the elevational gradient showed complex patterns, but the functional diversity had either the unimodal or monotonically decreasing pattern. In addition, the functional diversity with the elevational gradient had similar patterns between the dry and wet seasons. Further analysis of the elevational pattern in different seasons is an important basis for understanding the status quo of functional diversity and formulating countermeasures for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.L.); (M.-C.C.); (L.T.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming-Chih Chiu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.L.); (M.-C.C.); (L.T.)
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Lu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.L.); (M.-C.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Qinghua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.L.); (M.-C.C.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sun X, Wu N, Hörmann G, Faber C, Messyasz B, Qu Y, Fohrer N. Using integrated models to analyze and predict the variance of diatom community composition in an agricultural area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149894. [PMID: 34525756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demand of assessing the ecological status, there is the need to fully understand the relationship between the planktic diversity and the environmental factors. Species richness and Shannon index have been widely used to describe the biodiversity of a community. Besides, we introduced the first ordination value from non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) as a new index to represent the community similarity variance. In this study, we hypothesized that the variation of diatom community in rivers in an agricultural area was influenced by hydro-chemical variables. We collected daily mixed water samples using ISCO auto water samplers for diatoms and for water-chemistry analysis at the outlet of a lowland river for a consecutive year. An integrated modeling was adopted including random forest (RF) to decide the importance of the environmental factors influencing diatoms, generalized linear models (GLMs) combined with 10-folder cross validation to analyze and predict the diatom variation. The hierarchical analysis highlighted antecedent precipitation index (API) as the controlling hydrological variable while water temperature, Si2+ and PO4-P as the main chemical controlling factors in our study area. The generalized linear models performed better prediction for Shannon index (R2 = 0.44) and NMDS (R2 = 0.51) than diatom abundance (R2 = 0.25) and species richness (R2 = 0.25). Our findings confirmed that Shannon index and the NMDS as an index showed good performance in explaining the relationship between stream biota and its environmental factors and in predicting the diatom community development based on the hydro-chemical predictors. Our study showed and highlighted the important hydro-chemical factors in the agricultural rivers, which could contribute to the further understanding of predicting diatom community development and could be implemented in the future water management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Sun
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Naicheng Wu
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Georg Hörmann
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Claas Faber
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Beata Messyasz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Yueming Qu
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Penjor U, Jamtsho R, Sherub S. Anthropogenic land‐use change shapes bird diversity along the eastern Himalayan altitudinal gradient. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugyen Penjor
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Nature Conservation Division Department of Forests and Park Services Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Thimphu Bhutan
| | - Rinzin Jamtsho
- Infrastructure and Product Development Division Tourism Council of Bhutan Thimphu Bhutan
| | - Sherub Sherub
- Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environment Research Department of Forests and Park Services Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Lamai Gonpa Bumthang Bhutan
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13
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Martini F, Zou C, Song X, Goodale UM. Abiotic Drivers of Seedling Bank Diversity in Subtropical Forests of Southern China. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.784036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic factors are important to shape plant community composition and diversity through processes described as environmental filtering. Most studies on plant diversity in forests focus on adult trees, while the abiotic drivers of forest seedling community characteristics are less understood. Here, we studied seedling banks’ composition, richness, diversity, and abundance, and investigated their relationships with microsite abiotic conditions along a wide elevational gradient. We sampled seedling communities in 312 1-m2 quadrats, distributed in 13 one-ha plots in four subtropical forests in south China, covering an elevation gradient of 1500 m, for 2 years. We measured light availability, slope, and 11 soil nutrients for each seedling quadrat. We used analysis of similarities and multivariate analysis of variance to compare the composition and abiotic drivers of the four forests’ seedling communities. We then used mixed models and structural equation modeling to test the direct and indirect effects of abiotic factors on seedling species richness, diversity, and abundance. The differences in seedling community composition among these forests were mostly explained by differences in elevations and soil nutrients. Seedling diversity as Shannon and Simpson diversity index decreased with increasing elevation and increased with increasing slope, but seedling abundance and species richness did not. Elevation had an indirect effect on Simpson’s diversity index through modulating the direct effects of soil properties. Our findings show that soil properties play a prominent role in favoring differentiation in species composition among the four forests we studied and provide additional evidence to decreasing species diversity with elevation. However, this was reflected in decreasing Shannon and Simpson indices rather than species richness, which is more commonly studied. Whether and to what extent future environmental changes in climate and soil acidification will alter future forest composition and diversity needs to be investigated.
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14
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Liu S, Li X, Tan L, Fornacca D, Fang Y, Zhu L, Rao C, Cao Y, Huang J, Ren G, Cai Q, Xiao W. The ecological niche and terrestrial environment jointly influence the altitudinal pattern of aquatic biodiversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149404. [PMID: 34399334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The altitudinal distribution of biodiversity in alpine ecosystems has captured academic attention, especially in streams because of their sensitivity to climate change. In the past years, research mainly focused on understanding the role played by alpine streams' internal factors such as aquatic environmental variables, as well as physical and hydrological conditions, on the shaping of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. More recently, external factors such as terrestrial environments were included in analyses worldwide. In particular, the inherent properties constituting the ecological niche of specific species were considered as factors regulating dispersal and influencing community construction. The objective of this study was to reveal the distribution pattern and the driving factors regulating aquatic biodiversity in alpine streams. We hypothesized that the altitudinal distribution of aquatic macroinvertebrates could be explained by the interaction of the aquatic environment with both species' ecological niche and the terrestrial environment surrounding their habitat, and that rare species display a more pronounced pattern than widespread dominant species. To test these hypotheses, samples were collected from two alpine streams situated on opposite slopes of Biluo Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province, China. Results of statistical analyses showed poor explanatory power from aquatic environmental factors, while the differences in vegetation type and the ecological niche of the species played an important role in determining the distribution pattern of aquatic biodiversity. Furthermore, we found that the altitudinal distribution pattern of aquatic biodiversity exhibits a bimodal type, with rare species fitting the bimodal peaks. These findings call for a better inclusion and further investigation on the effects of the terrestrial environment on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoran Liu
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Xianfu Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Lu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Davide Fornacca
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Yihao Fang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Fu-gong Administration Bureau, Gao-li-gong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nujiang 673400, China
| | - Caihong Rao
- Fu-gong Administration Bureau, Gao-li-gong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nujiang 673400, China
| | - Yindi Cao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Jimin Huang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Guopeng Ren
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Qinghua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China.
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15
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Avian ecology and community structure across elevation gradients: The importance of high latitude temperate mountain habitats for conserving biodiversity in the Americas. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Osorio-Canadas S, Flores-Hernández N, Sánchez-Ortiz T, Valiente-Banuet A. Changes in the structure and composition of the 'Mexical' scrubland bee community along an elevational gradient. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254072. [PMID: 34197555 PMCID: PMC8248643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
'Mexical' scrubland is a sclerophyllous evergreen Mediterranean-like vegetation occurring in the leeward slopes of the main Mexican mountain ranges, under tropical climate. This biome occupies an elevational range approximately from 1900 to 2600 meters above sea level, which frequently is the upper-most part of the mountains range. This puts it at risk of extinction in a scenario of global warming in which an upward retraction of this type of vegetation is expected. The Mexical remains one of the least studied ecosystems in Mexico. For instance, nothing is known about pollinator fauna of this vegetation. Our main objective is to make a first insight into the taxonomic identity of the bee fauna that inhabits this biome, and to study how it is distributed along the elevational gradient that it occupies. Our results highlight that elevation gradient negatively affects bee species richness and that this relationship is strongly mediated by temperature. Bee abundance had no significant pattern along elevational gradient, but shows a significant relationship with flower density. Interestingly, and contrary to previous works, we obtained a different pattern for bee richness and bee abundance. Bee community composition changed strongly along elevation gradient, mainly in relation to temperature and flower density. In a global warming scenario, as temperatures increases, species with cold preferences, occupying the highest part of the elevation gradient, are likely to suffer negative consequences (even extinction risk), if they are not flexible enough to adjust their physiology and/or some life-story traits to warmer conditions. Species occupying mid and lower elevations are likely to extend their range of elevational distribution towards higher ranges. This will foreseeably cause a new composition of species and a new scenario of interactions, the adjustment of which still leaves many unknowns to solve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Osorio-Canadas
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Flores-Hernández
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Lerma, Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Tania Sánchez-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Valiente-Banuet
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Halliday FW, Jalo M, Laine AL. The effect of host community functional traits on plant disease risk varies along an elevational gradient. eLife 2021; 10:67340. [PMID: 33983120 PMCID: PMC8208817 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the relative impact of environmental conditions and host community structure on disease is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century, as both climate and biodiversity are changing at unprecedented rates. Both increasing temperature and shifting host communities toward more fast-paced life-history strategies are predicted to increase disease, yet their independent and interactive effects on disease in natural communities remain unknown. Here, we address this challenge by surveying foliar disease symptoms in 220, 0.5 m-diameter herbaceous plant communities along a 1100-m elevational gradient. We find that increasing temperature associated with lower elevation can increase disease by (1) relaxing constraints on parasite growth and reproduction, (2) determining which host species are present in a given location, and (3) strengthening the positive effect of host community pace-of-life on disease. These results provide the first field evidence, under natural conditions, that environmental gradients can alter how host community structure affects disease. Climate change is causing shifts in the ecology and biodiversity of different world regions at unprecedented rates. Global warming is also linked with changes in the risk for certain infectious diseases in humans, but also in animals and plants. There are several possible mechanisms for this. For one thing, changing weather patterns may affect how pathogens grow and reproduce. For another, the distribution ranges of animal and plant hosts of certain disease-causing pathogens are changing because of global warming. This means that the distributions of pathogens are also changing, and so is the severity of the diseases that they cause. Increasing temperatures may also influence the physiological traits that make host species suitable for pathogens. This is because the traits that allow species to survive or adapt to changes in their environment may also make them better at hosting and transmitting the pathogens that cause disease. For example, in plant communities, rising temperatures could favor species with faster growth rates, quicker reproduction and high dispersal, and these traits are often associated with more efficient spread of disease. Despite a lot of research into the effects of climate, it remains unclear how temperature, pathogen growth and reproduction, and host species’ traits and distributions combine and interact to alter infectious disease risk, especially in wild plant communities. To investigate this, Halliday, Jalo and Laine studied an area in southeast Switzerland where natural temperature and biodiversity change gradually through the region. The aim was to explore how relationships between plant biodiversity, pathogens and disease risk change with temperature, and to understand whether environmental or biological factors influence infectious disease risk more. Halliday, Jalo and Laine measured the levels of fungal diseases found in the leaves of plant communities spanning 1,100 meters of elevation, showing that higher temperatures increase disease risk both directly and indirectly. Directly, higher temperatures increased pathogen growth and reproduction, and indirectly, they influenced which plants were present and therefore able to act as disease hosts. The results also indicated that temperature can affect how the traits of plants drive the transmission rates of fungal pathogens. Important predictors of disease risk were traits relating to the growth rate of host plants, which tended to increase in areas with low elevation where the surface of the soil was warm. This study represents the first analysis, in wild plants, of how changing temperatures, the traits of shifting host species, and resident parasite populations interact to impact infectious disease risk. The insights Halliday, Jalo and Laine provided could aid in predicting how global climate change will influence infectious disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fletcher W Halliday
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mikko Jalo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Laiolo P, Pato J, Illera JC, Obeso JR. Selection for functional performance in the evolution of cuticle hardening mechanisms in insects. Evolution 2021; 75:1132-1142. [PMID: 33634481 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcified tissues have repeatedly evolved in many animal lineages and show a tremendous diversity of forms and functions. The cuticle of many insects is enriched with elements other than Calcium, a strategy of hardening that is taxonomically widespread but apparently poorly variable among clades. Here, we investigate the evolutionary potential of the enrichment with metals in insect cuticle at different biological levels. We combined experimental evidence of Zinc content variation in the mandibles of a target species (Chorthippus cazurroi [Bolívar]) with phylogenetic comparative analyses among grasshopper species. We found that mandibular Zinc content was repeatable among related individuals and was associated with an indicator of fitness, so there was potential for adaptive variation. Among species, Zinc enrichment evolved as a consequence of environmental and dietary influences on the physical function of the jaw (cutting and chewing), suggesting a role of natural selection in environmental fit. However, there were also important within and transgenerational environmental sources of similarity among individuals. These environmental influences, along with the tight relationship with biomechanics, may limit the potential for diversification of this hardening mechanism. This work provides novel insights into the diversification of biological structures and the link between evolutionary capacity and intra- and interspecific variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Laiolo
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO, CSIC, PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, 33600, Spain
| | - Joaquina Pato
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO, CSIC, PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, 33600, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO, CSIC, PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, 33600, Spain
| | - José Ramón Obeso
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO, CSIC, PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, 33600, Spain
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19
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Chiu MC, Ao S, He F, Resh VH, Cai Q. Elevation shapes biodiversity patterns through metacommunity-structuring processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140548. [PMID: 32758813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic (e.g., via species dispersal and ecological drift) and deterministic (e.g., via environmental and biotic filtering) processes can produce diversity patterns related to changes in elevation. However, existing studies have not generally examined these processes within a compressive framework. Stream macroinvertebrates are an important and diverse component of freshwater environments in high-mountain systems. By considering metacommunity-structuring processes using Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC), we investigated changes in taxon richness of stream macroinvertebrates along elevational gradients in streams of the Cangshan mountain range in Southwest China. We found that increasing taxon richness along the elevation gradient until the optimum was reached could be modeled using the integrated actions of full structuring processes within the metacommunity modeling. Consistent increases in taxon-richness along the elevation gradient were able to be modeled considering environmental filtering alone. In addition, the importance of structuring processes on shaping communities decreased along spatial hierarchical-scales (from local habitat to mountain-aspect levels). These results suggest that stochastic and biotic-filtering processes can confound environmental filtering in shaping macroinvertebrate communities in high-mountain streams. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying elevational biodiversity patterns of riverine communities can be improved through quantitative frameworks (e.g., HMSC) linking metacommunity theory to the real-world systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chih Chiu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sicheng Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent H Resh
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Qinghua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Carvalho‐Rocha V, Peres CA, Neckel‐Oliveira S. Habitat amount and ambient temperature dictate patterns of anuran diversity along a subtropical elevational gradient. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Carvalho‐Rocha
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 1TJ UK
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
| | - Selvino Neckel‐Oliveira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
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21
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Altamirano TA, de Zwaan DR, Ibarra JT, Wilson S, Martin K. Treeline ecotones shape the distribution of avian species richness and functional diversity in south temperate mountains. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18428. [PMID: 33116173 PMCID: PMC7595238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountains produce distinct environmental gradients that may constrain or facilitate both the presence of avian species and/or specific combinations of functional traits. We addressed species richness and functional diversity to understand the relative importance of habitat structure and elevation in shaping avian diversity patterns in the south temperate Andes, Chile. During 2010–2018, we conducted 2202 point-counts in four mountain habitats (successional montane forest, old-growth montane forest, subalpine, and alpine) from 211 to 1,768 m in elevation and assembled trait data associated with resource use for each species to estimate species richness and functional diversity and turnover. We detected 74 species. Alpine specialists included 16 species (22%) occurring only above treeline with a mean elevational range of 298 m, while bird communities below treeline (78%) occupied a mean elevational range of 1,081 m. Treeline was an inflection line, above which species composition changed by 91% and there was a greater turnover in functional traits (2–3 times greater than communities below treeline). Alpine birds were almost exclusively migratory, inhabiting a restricted elevational range, and breeding in rock cavities. We conclude that elevation and habitat heterogeneity structure avian trait distributions and community composition, with a diverse ecotonal sub-alpine and a distinct alpine community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás A Altamirano
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Devin R de Zwaan
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - José Tomás Ibarra
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Laboratory, Center for Local Development, Education and Interculturality, Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, La Araucanía Region, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus Center for the Socioeconomic Impact of Environmental Policies (CESIEP) & Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kathy Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Halliday FW, Rohr JR, Laine AL. Biodiversity loss underlies the dilution effect of biodiversity. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1611-1622. [PMID: 32808427 PMCID: PMC7693066 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The dilution effect predicts increasing biodiversity to reduce the risk of infection, but the generality of this effect remains unresolved. Because biodiversity loss generates predictable changes in host community competence, we hypothesised that biodiversity loss might drive the dilution effect. We tested this hypothesis by reanalysing four previously published meta‐analyses that came to contradictory conclusions regarding generality of the dilution effect. In the context of biodiversity loss, our analyses revealed a unifying pattern: dilution effects were inconsistently observed for natural biodiversity gradients, but were commonly observed for biodiversity gradients generated by disturbances causing losses of biodiversity. Incorporating biodiversity loss into tests of generality of the dilution effect further indicated that scale‐dependency may strengthen the dilution effect only when biodiversity gradients are driven by biodiversity loss. Together, these results help to resolve one of the most contentious issues in disease ecology: the generality of the dilution effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fletcher W Halliday
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.,Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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23
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Måsviken J, Dalerum F, Cousins SAO. Contrasting altitudinal variation of alpine plant communities along the Swedish mountains. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4838-4853. [PMID: 32551065 PMCID: PMC7297753 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in abiotic factors along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients cause powerful environmental gradients. The topography of alpine areas generates environmental gradients over short distances, and alpine areas are expected to experience greater temperature increase compared to the global average. In this study, we investigate alpha, beta, and gamma diversity, as well as community structure, of vascular plant communities along altitudinal gradients at three latitudes in the Swedish mountains. Species richness and evenness decreased with altitude, but the patterns within the altitudinal gradient varied between sites, including a sudden decrease at high altitude, a monotonic decrease, and a unimodal pattern. However, we did not observe a decline in beta diversity with altitude at all sites, and plant communities at all sites were spatially nested according to some other factors than altitude, such as the availability of water or microtopographic position. Moreover, the observed diversity patterns did not follow the latitudinal gradient. We observed a spatial modularity according to altitude, which was consistent across sites. Our results suggest strong influences of site-specific factors on plant community composition and that such factors partly may override effects from altitudinal and latitudinal environmental variation. Spatial variation of the observed vascular plant communities appears to have been caused by a combination of processes at multiple spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Måsviken
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Bioinformatics & GeneticsSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
- Centre for PalaeogeneticsStockholmSweden
| | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO‐CSIC‐PA)University of OviedoMieresSpain
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyMammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - Sara A. O. Cousins
- Biogeography & GeomaticsDepartment of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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24
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García‐Navas V, Sattler T, Schmid H, Ozgul A. Temporal homogenization of functional and beta diversity in bird communities of the Swiss Alps. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente García‐Navas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Schmid
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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25
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Yu H, Miao S, Xie G, Guo X, Chen Z, Favre A. Contrasting Floristic Diversity of the Hengduan Mountains, the Himalayas and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Sensu Stricto in China. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Distribution Pattern of Gymnosperms' Richness in Nepal: Effect of Environmental Constrains along Elevational Gradients. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050625. [PMID: 32422935 PMCID: PMC7285339 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pattern of species distribution and the underlying mechanism is essential for conservation planning. Several climatic variables determine the species diversity, and the dependency of species on climate motivates ecologists and bio-geographers to explain the richness patterns along with elevation and environmental correlates. We used interpolated elevational distribution data to examine the relative importance of climatic variables in determining the species richness pattern of 26 species of gymnosperms in the longest elevation gradients in the world. Thirteen environmental variables were divided into three predictors set representing each hypothesis model (energy-water, physical-tolerance, and climatic-seasonality); to explain the species richness pattern of gymnosperms along the elevational gradient. We performed generalized linear models and variation partitioning to evaluate the relevant role of environmental variables on species richness patterns. Our findings showed that the gymnosperms’ richness formed a hump-shaped distribution pattern. The individual effect of energy-water predictor set was identified as the primary determinant of species richness. While, the joint effects of energy-water and physical-tolerance predictors have explained highest variations in gymnosperm distribution. The multiple environmental indicators are essential drivers of species distribution and have direct implications in understanding the effect of climate change on the species richness pattern.
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27
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Evolutionary conservation of within-family biodiversity patterns. Nat Commun 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32060281 PMCID: PMC7021778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency for species to retain their ancestral biological properties has been widely demonstrated, but the effect of phylogenetic constraints when progressing from species to ensemble-level properties requires further assessment. Here we test whether community-level patterns (environmental shifts in local species richness and turnover) are phylogenetically conserved, assessing whether their similarity across different families of lichens, insects, and birds is dictated by the relatedness of these families. We show a significant phylogenetic signal in the shape of the species richness-elevation curve and the decay of community similarity with elevation: closely related families share community patterns within the three major taxa. Phylogenetic influences are partly explained by similarities among families in conserved traits defining body plan and interactions, implying a scaling of phylogenetic effects from the organismal to the community level. Consequently, the phylogenetic signal in community-level patterns informs about how the historical legacy of a taxon and shared responses among related taxa to similar environments contribute to community assembly and diversity patterns.
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28
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Roberts TE, Keith SA, Rahbek C, Bridge TCL, Caley MJ, Baird AH. Testing biodiversity theory using species richness of reef-building corals across a depth gradient. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190493. [PMID: 31662067 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural environmental gradients encompass systematic variation in abiotic factors that can be exploited to test competing explanations of biodiversity patterns. The species-energy (SE) hypothesis attempts to explain species richness gradients as a function of energy availability. However, limited empirical support for SE is often attributed to idiosyncratic, local-scale processes distorting the underlying SE relationship. Meanwhile, studies are also often confounded by factors such as sampling biases, dispersal boundaries and unclear definitions of energy availability. Here, we used spatially structured observations of 8460 colonies of photo-symbiotic reef-building corals and a null-model to test whether energy can explain observed coral species richness over depth. Species richness was left-skewed, hump-shaped and unrelated to energy availability. While local-scale processes were evident, their influence on species richness was insufficient to reconcile observations with model predictions. Therefore, energy availability, either in isolation or in combination with local deterministic processes, was unable to explain coral species richness across depth. Our results demonstrate that local-scale processes do not necessarily explain deviations in species richness from theoretical models, and that the use of idiosyncratic small-scale factors to explain large-scale ecological patterns requires the utmost caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Edward Roberts
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Sally A Keith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Tom C L Bridge
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.,Queensland Museum Network, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - M Julian Caley
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew H Baird
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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29
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Relationship between area size and elevational distribution pattern of cryptic pheasant species in Mts. Gaoligong, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Illera JC, Arenas M, López-Sánchez CA, Obeso JR, Laiolo P. Gradual Distance Dispersal Shapes the Genetic Structure in an Alpine Grasshopper. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E590. [PMID: 31387238 PMCID: PMC6724060 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The location of the high mountains of southern Europe has been crucial in the phylogeography of most European species, but how extrinsic (topography of sky islands) and intrinsic features (dispersal dynamics) have interacted to shape the genetic structure in alpine restricted species is still poorly known. Here we investigated the mechanisms explaining the colonisation of Cantabrian sky islands in an endemic flightless grasshopper. We scrutinised the maternal genetic variability and haplotype structure, and we evaluated the fitting of two migration models to understand the extant genetic structure in these populations: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) and gradual distance dispersal (GDD). We found that GDD fits the real data better than the LDD model, with an onset of the expansion matching postglacial expansions after the retreat of the ice sheets. Our findings suggest a scenario with small carrying capacity, migration rates, and population growth rates, being compatible with a slow dispersal process. The gradual expansion process along the Cantabrian sky islands found here seems to be conditioned by the suitability of habitats and the presence of alpine corridors. Our findings shed light on our understanding about how organisms which have adapted to live in alpine habitats with limited dispersal abilities have faced new and suitable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Illera
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University, 33600 Mieres, Spain.
| | - Miguel Arenas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos A López-Sánchez
- Department of Biology, Organisms and Systems, GIS-Forest Group, Oviedo University, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - José Ramón Obeso
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Paola Laiolo
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University, 33600 Mieres, Spain
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31
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Ramírez S, González‐Caro S, Phillips J, Cabrera E, Feeley KJ, Duque Á. The influence of historical dispersal on the phylogenetic structure of tree communities in the tropical Andes. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Sebastián González‐Caro
- Departamento de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Juan Phillips
- Departamento de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Edersson Cabrera
- Instituto de HidrologíaMeteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM) Bogotá Colombia
| | | | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
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32
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Fontanilla AM, Nakamura A, Xu Z, Cao M, Kitching RL, Tang Y, Burwell CJ. Taxonomic and Functional Ant Diversity Along tropical, Subtropical, and Subalpine Elevational Transects in Southwest China. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10050128. [PMID: 31058867 PMCID: PMC6572390 DOI: 10.3390/insects10050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although elevational gradients of biodiversity have long been the topic of scientific research, information on patterns of, and processes that shape insect community structure across elevation is still lacking. Addressing this gap requires the use of both taxonomic and functional approaches when studying diversity across elevational gradients. In this study, we examined taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity of ant assemblages sampled along tropical, subtropical, and subalpine elevational transects in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Species richness was used to quantify taxonomic alpha diversity, and two indices (FD and FRic) were calculated using morphological measurements to quantify functional alpha diversity. Taxonomic and functional beta diversity were partitioned into their turnover- and nestedness-resultant components. Though temperature and functional alpha diversity decreased linearly with increasing elevation, taxonomic alpha diversity showed a significant logarithmic decrease, with few species present at elevations greater than 3000 m a.s.l. The turnover-resultant component of taxonomic beta diversity increased with increasing elevational distance, while the nestedness-resultant component of functional beta diversity increased with increasing elevational distance in the subtropical transect. The observed patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity reflected ants’ thermophilic nature, implying functional adaptations (i.e., nested functional diversity) at higher elevations where environmental conditions were unfavorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Fontanilla
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666303, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Zhenghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China.
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Roger L Kitching
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Yong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Chris J Burwell
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
- Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
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33
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van der Hoek Y, Tuyisingize D, Eckardt W, Garriga N, Derhé MA. Spatial variation in anuran richness, diversity, and abundance across montane wetland habitat in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4220-4230. [PMID: 31016000 PMCID: PMC6468056 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of species has long sparked interest among ecologists and biogeographers, increasingly so in studies of species responses to climate change. However, field studies on spatial patterns of distribution, useful to inform conservation actions at local scales, are still lacking for many regions, especially the tropics. We studied elevational trends and species-area relationships among anurans in wetland habitats within Volcanoes National Park (VNP) in Rwanda, part of the biodiverse Albertine Rift region. In VNP, wetlands are key sites for anuran reproduction, and anurans are likely threatened by wetland desiccation which has occurred for the last few decades. Between 2012 and 2017, we sampled anuran communities in ten VNP wetlands located along an elevational gradient of c. 600 m (from 2,546 to 3,188 m a.s.l.) and found at least eight species, including at least two Albertine Rift Endemics. We show that species richness, diversity, and abundance likely decline with a decrease in wetland size and with an increase in elevation, though additional sampling (e.g., at night) might be needed to derive definite conclusions. Larger wetlands at lower elevations contained most species and individuals, which indicates the potential threat of wetland size reduction (through desiccation) for anuran conservation. However, we also found that wetlands differed in species composition and that some species (e.g., Sclerophrys kisoloensis) were likely restricted in distribution to only a few of the smaller wetlands-suggesting that the conservation of each individual wetland should be prioritized, regardless of size. We propose that all wetlands in VNP require additional conservation measures, which should be based on knowledge gathered through long-term monitoring of anuran communities and research on drivers of wetland decline. Only such extended research will allow us to understand the response of anurans in VNP to threats such as climate change and wetland desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nuria Garriga
- Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mia A. Derhé
- The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund InternationalMusanzeRwanda
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34
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Cadena CD, Pérez-emán JL, Cuervo AM, Céspedes LN, Epperly KL, Klicka JT. Extreme genetic structure and dynamic range evolution in a montane passerine bird: implications for tropical diversification. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daniel Cadena
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge L Pérez-emán
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Colección Ornitológica Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Andrés M Cuervo
- Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura N Céspedes
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kevin L Epperly
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John T Klicka
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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