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Tovar C, Hudson L, Cuesta F, Meneses RI, Muriel P, Hidalgo O, Palazzesi L, Suarez Ballesteros C, Hammond Hunt E, Diazgranados M, Hind DJN, Forest F, Halloy S, Aguirre N, Baker WJ, Beck S, Carilla J, Eguiguren P, Françoso E, Gámez LE, Jaramillo R, Llambí LD, Maurin O, Melcher I, Muller G, Roy S, Viñas P, Yager K, Viruel J. Strategies of diaspore dispersal investment in Compositae: the case of the Andean highlands. Ann Bot 2023; 132:255-267. [PMID: 37501620 PMCID: PMC10583198 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding diaspore morphology and how much a species invests on dispersal appendages is key for improving our knowledge of dispersal in fragmented habitats. We investigate diaspore morphological traits in high-Andean Compositae and their main abiotic and biotic drivers and test whether they play a role in species distribution patterns across the naturally fragmented high-Andean grasslands. METHODS We collected diaspore trait data for 125 Compositae species across 47 tropical high-Andean summits, focusing on achene length and pappus-to-achene length ratio, with the latter as a proxy of dispersal investment. We analysed the role of abiotic (temperature, elevation and latitude) and biotic factors (phylogenetic signal and differences between tribes) on diaspore traits and whether they are related to distribution patterns across the Andes, using phylogenomics, distribution modelling and community ecology analyses. KEY RESULTS Seventy-five percent of the studied species show small achenes (length <3.3 mm) and 67% have high dispersal investment (pappus length at least two times the achene length). Dispersal investment increases with elevation, possibly to compensate for lower air density, and achene length increases towards the equator, where non-seasonal climate prevails. Diaspore traits show significant phylogenetic signal, and higher dispersal investment is observed in Gnaphalieae, Astereae and Senecioneae, which together represent 72% of our species. High-Andean-restricted species found across the tropical Andes have, on average, the pappus four times longer than the achene, a significantly higher dispersal investment than species present only in the northern Andes or only in the central Andes. CONCLUSIONS Small achenes and high diaspore dispersal investment dominate among high-Andean Compositae, traits typical of mostly three tribes of African origin; but traits are also correlated with the environmental gradients within the high-Andean grasslands. Our results also suggest that diaspore dispersal investment is likely to shape species distribution patterns in naturally fragmented habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Cuesta
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud – BIOMAS, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Isela Meneses
- Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia
| | - Priscilla Muriel
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Palazzesi
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Halloy
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nikolay Aguirre
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales del Ambiente y Biodiversidad, Carrera de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Stephan Beck
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Paúl Eguiguren
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales del Ambiente y Biodiversidad, Carrera de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Luis E Gámez
- Laboratorio de Dendrología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Ricardo Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Daniel Llambí
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecologicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina, Germán Alemán E12-123, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Inga Melcher
- Institute for Biodiversity & Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Karina Yager
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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González-Caro S, Tello JS, Myers JA, Feeley K, Blundo C, Calderón-Loor M, Carilla J, Cayola L, Cuesta F, Farfán W, Fuentes AF, Garcia-Cabrera K, Grau R, Idarraga Á, Loza MI, Malhi Y, Malizia A, Malizia L, Osinaga-Acosta O, Pinto E, Salinas N, Silman M, Terán-Valdéz A, Duque Á. Historical Assembly of Andean Tree Communities. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3546. [PMID: 37896011 PMCID: PMC10610186 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of species diversity have been associated with changes in climate across latitude and elevation. However, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these relationships are still actively debated. Here, we present a complementary view of the well-known tropical niche conservatism (TNC) hypothesis, termed the multiple zones of origin (MZO) hypothesis, to explore mechanisms underlying latitudinal and elevational gradients of phylogenetic diversity in tree communities. The TNC hypothesis posits that most lineages originate in warmer, wetter, and less seasonal environments in the tropics and rarely colonize colder, drier, and more seasonal environments outside of the tropical lowlands, leading to higher phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. In contrast, the MZO hypothesis posits that lineages also originate in temperate environments and readily colonize similar environments in the tropical highlands, leading to lower phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. We tested these phylogenetic predictions using a combination of computer simulations and empirical analyses of tree communities in 245 forest plots located in six countries across the tropical and subtropical Andes. We estimated the phylogenetic diversity for each plot and regressed it against elevation and latitude. Our simulated and empirical results provide strong support for the MZO hypothesis. Phylogenetic diversity among co-occurring tree species increased with both latitude and elevation, suggesting an important influence on the historical dispersal of lineages with temperate origins into the tropical highlands. The mixing of different floras was likely favored by the formation of climatically suitable corridors for plant migration due to the Andean uplift. Accounting for the evolutionary history of plant communities helps to advance our knowledge of the drivers of tree community assembly along complex climatic gradients, and thus their likely responses to modern anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián González-Caro
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 1027, Colombia
| | - J. Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA;
| | - Kenneth Feeley
- Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Cecilia Blundo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Marco Calderón-Loor
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Albo Climate, Ehad Ha’am, 9, Tel Aviv, 65251, Israel
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Leslie Cayola
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Francisco Cuesta
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - William Farfán
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA;
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Alfredo F. Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Escuela Profesional de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 08003, Peru
| | - Ricardo Grau
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Álvaro Idarraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - M. Isabel Loza
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX14BH, UK;
| | - Agustina Malizia
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Lucio Malizia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Jujuy 4600, Argentina;
| | - Oriana Osinaga-Acosta
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Esteban Pinto
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Norma Salinas
- Institute for Nature Earth and Energy, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, 15088, Peru
| | - Miles Silman
- Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Andrea Terán-Valdéz
- Centro Jambatú de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios Quito Ecuador, Quito 170131, Ecuador
| | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 1027, Colombia
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3
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Carilla J, Aráoz E, Foguet J, Casagranda E, Halloy S, Grau A. Hydroclimate and vegetation variability of high Andean ecosystems. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1067096. [PMID: 36743541 PMCID: PMC9895849 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems are sensitive to climate fluctuations; however, the scarcity of instrumental data makes necessary the use of complementary information to study the effect of climate change on these systems. Remote sensing permits studying the dynamics of vegetation productivity and wetlands in response to climate variability at different scales. In this study we identified the main climate variables that control vegetation dynamics and water balance in Cumbres Calchaquíes, NW Argentina. For this, we built annual time series from 1986 to 2019 of Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI, to quantify spare vegetation productivity), lake area, and snow-ice cover of peatlands, as indicators of mountain productivity and hydrology. We used a decompose function to explore trend, seasonality and random signal of the three-time series, and explored for significant changes in the mean value of consecutive periods. We used correlational analysis to explore their associations with climate records at local, regional, and global scales. The results showed that, SAVI and hydrological indicators presented different fluctuation patterns more pronounced since 2012, when they showed divergent trends with increasing SAVI and decreasing lake area and snow-ice cover. The three indicators responded differently to climate; SAVI increased in warmer years and lake area reflected the water balance of previous years. Snow-ice cover of peatlands was highly correlated with lake area. La Niña had a positive effect on lake area and snow-ice cover and a negative on SAVI, while El Niño had a negative effect on SAVI. Fluctuations of lake areas were synchronized with lake area in the nearby Argentinian puna, suggesting that climate signals have regional extent. The information provided by the three hydroclimate indicators is complementary and reflects different climate components and processes; biological processes (SAVI), physical processes (snow ice cover) and their combination (lake area). This study provides a systematic accessible replicable tool for mountain eco-hydrology long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Aráoz
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Javier Foguet
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Elvira Casagranda
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Stephan Halloy
- Animal and Plant Health Directorate, Biosecurity, Ministry for Primary Insdustries, New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alfredo Grau
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
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4
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Tovar C, Carril AF, Gutiérrez AG, Ahrends A, Fita L, Zaninelli P, Flombaum P, Abarzúa AM, Alarcón D, Aschero V, Báez S, Barros A, Carilla J, Ferrero ME, Flantua SGA, Gonzáles P, Menéndez CG, Pérez‐Escobar OA, Pauchard A, Ruscica RC, Särkinen T, Sörensson A, Srur A, Villalba R, Hollingsworth PM. Understanding climate change impacts on biome and plant distributions in the Andes: Challenges and opportunities. J Biogeogr 2022; 49:1420-1442. [PMID: 36247109 PMCID: PMC9543992 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Climate change is expected to impact mountain biodiversity by shifting species ranges and the biomes they shape. The extent and regional variation in these impacts are still poorly understood, particularly in the highly biodiverse Andes. Regional syntheses of climate change impacts on vegetation are pivotal to identify and guide research priorities. Here we review current data, knowledge and uncertainties in past, present and future climate change impacts on vegetation in the Andes. Location: Andes. Taxon: Plants. METHODS We (i) conducted a literature review on Andean vegetation responses to past and contemporary climatic change, (ii) analysed future climate projections for different elevations and slope orientations at 19 Andean locations using an ensemble of model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5, and (iii) calculated changes in the suitable climate envelope area of Andean biomes and compared these results to studies that used species distribution models. RESULTS Future climatic changes (2040-2070) are projected to be stronger at high-elevation areas in the tropical Andes (up to 4°C under RCP 8.5), while in the temperate Andes temperature increases are projected to be up to 2°C. Under this worst-case scenario, temperate deciduous forests and the grasslands/steppes from the Central and Southern Andes are predicted to show the greatest losses of suitable climatic space (30% and 17%-23%, respectively). The high vulnerability of these biomes contrasts with the low attention from researchers modelling Andean species distributions. Critical knowledge gaps include a lack of an Andean wide plant checklist, insufficient density of weather stations at high-elevation areas, a lack of high-resolution climatologies that accommodates the Andes' complex topography and climatic processes, insufficient data to model demographic and ecological processes, and low use of palaeo data for distribution modelling. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Climate change is likely to profoundly affect the extent and composition of Andean biomes. Temperate Andean biomes in particular are susceptible to substantial area contractions. There are, however, considerable challenges and uncertainties in modelling species and biome responses and a pressing need for a region-wide approach to address knowledge gaps and improve understanding and monitoring of climate change impacts in these globally important biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea F. Carril
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICETCentro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)Buenos AiresArgentina
- CNRS – IRD – CONICET – UBAInstitut Franco‐Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts (IFAECI)Buenos Aires y MendozaArgentina
| | - Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias AgronómicasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)Chile
| | | | - Lluis Fita
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICETCentro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)Buenos AiresArgentina
- CNRS – IRD – CONICET – UBAInstitut Franco‐Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts (IFAECI)Buenos Aires y MendozaArgentina
| | - Pablo Zaninelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICETCentro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)Buenos AiresArgentina
- CNRS – IRD – CONICET – UBAInstitut Franco‐Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts (IFAECI)Buenos Aires y MendozaArgentina
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasLa PlataArgentina
| | - Pedro Flombaum
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICETCentro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)Buenos AiresArgentina
- CNRS – IRD – CONICET – UBAInstitut Franco‐Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts (IFAECI)Buenos Aires y MendozaArgentina
- Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesDepartamento de Ecología, Genética y EvoluciónBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ana M. Abarzúa
- Universidad Austral de ChileInstituto Ciencias de la TierraValdiviaChile
| | | | - Valeria Aschero
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT‐CONICETMendozaArgentina
- Universidad Nacional de CuyoFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesMendozaArgentina
| | - Selene Báez
- Departamento de BiologíaEscuela Politécnica Nacional del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT‐CONICETMendozaArgentina
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología RegionalUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán – CONICETTucumánArgentina
| | - M. Eugenia Ferrero
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT‐CONICETMendozaArgentina
- Laboratorio de DendrocronologíaUniversidad ContinentalHuancayoPeru
| | - Suzette G. A. Flantua
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Paúl Gonzáles
- Laboratorio de Florística, Departamento de DicotiledóneasUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia NaturalLimaPeru
| | - Claudio G. Menéndez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICETCentro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)Buenos AiresArgentina
- CNRS – IRD – CONICET – UBAInstitut Franco‐Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts (IFAECI)Buenos Aires y MendozaArgentina
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)Chile
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Romina C. Ruscica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICETCentro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)Buenos AiresArgentina
- CNRS – IRD – CONICET – UBAInstitut Franco‐Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts (IFAECI)Buenos Aires y MendozaArgentina
| | | | - Anna A. Sörensson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICETCentro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)Buenos AiresArgentina
- CNRS – IRD – CONICET – UBAInstitut Franco‐Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts (IFAECI)Buenos Aires y MendozaArgentina
| | - Ana Srur
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT‐CONICETMendozaArgentina
| | - Ricardo Villalba
- CNRS – IRD – CONICET – UBAInstitut Franco‐Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts (IFAECI)Buenos Aires y MendozaArgentina
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT‐CONICETMendozaArgentina
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5
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Duque A, Peña MA, Cuesta F, González-Caro S, Kennedy P, Phillips OL, Calderón-Loor M, Blundo C, Carilla J, Cayola L, Farfán-Ríos W, Fuentes A, Grau R, Homeier J, Loza-Rivera MI, Malhi Y, Malizia A, Malizia L, Martínez-Villa JA, Myers JA, Osinaga-Acosta O, Peralvo M, Pinto E, Saatchi S, Silman M, Tello JS, Terán-Valdez A, Feeley KJ. Author Correction: Mature Andean forests as globally important carbon sinks and future carbon refuges. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3617. [PMID: 34108485 PMCID: PMC8190032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Miguel A Peña
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Cuesta
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud -BIOMAS - Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián González-Caro
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Peter Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Marco Calderón-Loor
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud -BIOMAS - Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cecilia Blundo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Leslie Cayola
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz, Bolivia.,Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William Farfán-Ríos
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alfredo Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz, Bolivia.,Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ricardo Grau
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - María I Loza-Rivera
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz, Bolivia.,Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Agustina Malizia
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Lucio Malizia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | | | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oriana Osinaga-Acosta
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel Peralvo
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Pinto
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud -BIOMAS - Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.,Columbus State University, University System of Georgia, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Miles Silman
- Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Malizia A, Blundo C, Carilla J, Osinaga Acosta O, Cuesta F, Duque A, Aguirre N, Aguirre Z, Ataroff M, Baez S, Calderón-Loor M, Cayola L, Cayuela L, Ceballos S, Cedillo H, Farfán Ríos W, Feeley KJ, Fuentes AF, Gámez Álvarez LE, Grau R, Homeier J, Jadan O, Llambi LD, Loza Rivera MI, Macía MJ, Malhi Y, Malizia L, Peralvo M, Pinto E, Tello S, Silman M, Young KR. Elevation and latitude drives structure and tree species composition in Andean forests: Results from a large-scale plot network. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231553. [PMID: 32311701 PMCID: PMC7170706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about the structure and function of Andean forests at regional scales remains limited. Current initiatives to study forests over continental or global scales still have important geographical gaps, particularly in regions such as the tropical and subtropical Andes. In this study, we assessed patterns of structure and tree species diversity along ~ 4000 km of latitude and ~ 4000 m of elevation range in Andean forests. We used the Andean Forest Network (Red de Bosques Andinos, https://redbosques.condesan.org/) database which, at present, includes 491 forest plots (totaling 156.3 ha, ranging from 0.01 to 6 ha) representing a total of 86,964 identified tree stems ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height belonging to 2341 identified species, 584 genera and 133 botanical families. Tree stem density and basal area increases with elevation while species richness decreases. Stem density and species richness both decrease with latitude. Subtropical forests have distinct tree species composition compared to those in the tropical region. In addition, floristic similarity of subtropical plots is between 13 to 16% while similarity between tropical forest plots is between 3% to 9%. Overall, plots ~ 0.5-ha or larger may be preferred for describing patterns at regional scales in order to avoid plot size effects. We highlight the need to promote collaboration and capacity building among researchers in the Andean region (i.e., South-South cooperation) in order to generate and synthesize information at regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Malizia
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Cecilia Blundo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Oriana Osinaga Acosta
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Francisco Cuesta
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nikolay Aguirre
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales del Ambiente y la Biodiversidad, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Zhofre Aguirre
- Herbario Reinaldo Espinoza, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Michele Ataroff
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecológicas (ICAE), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Selene Baez
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Calderón-Loor
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leslie Cayola
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz, Bolivia
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St, Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Luis Cayuela
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Sergio Ceballos
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Hugo Cedillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - William Farfán Ríos
- Herbario Vargas (CUZ), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Kenneth J. Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Fernando Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz, Bolivia
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St, Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Luis E. Gámez Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Dendrología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Ricardo Grau
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juergen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Oswaldo Jadan
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - María Isabel Loza Rivera
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St, Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Manuel J. Macía
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Lucio Malizia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Manuel Peralvo
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Pinto
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St, Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Miles Silman
- Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth R. Young
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Austin Texas, Texas, United States of America
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7
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Fadrique B, Báez S, Duque Á, Malizia A, Blundo C, Carilla J, Osinaga-Acosta O, Malizia L, Silman M, Farfán-Ríos W, Malhi Y, Young KR, Francisco CC, Homeier J, Peralvo M, Pinto E, Jadan O, Aguirre N, Aguirre Z, Feeley KJ. Author Correction: Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature 2019; 565:E10. [PMID: 30647435 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In Fig. 2 of this Article, the positive part of the y axis scale should read 0, 0.02, 0.04 instead of 0, 0.04, 0.02. This has been corrected online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Fadrique
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Selene Báez
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador.,Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Agustina Malizia
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Yerba Buena, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Blundo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Yerba Buena, Argentina
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Yerba Buena, Argentina
| | - Oriana Osinaga-Acosta
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Yerba Buena, Argentina
| | - Lucio Malizia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - William Farfán-Ríos
- Department of Biology and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Herbario Vargas (CUZ), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kenneth R Young
- Department of Geography & the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Cuesta C Francisco
- Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador.,Paleoecology & Landscape Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Peralvo
- Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Pinto
- Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Oswaldo Jadan
- Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Nikolay Aguirre
- Programa de Investigación Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Zhofre Aguirre
- Programa de Investigación Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA. .,Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
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8
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Carilla J, Halloy S, Cuello S, Grau A, Malizia A, Cuesta F. Vegetation trends over eleven years on mountain summits in NW Argentina. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11554-11567. [PMID: 30598756 PMCID: PMC6303700 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As global climate change leads to warmer and dryer conditions in the central Andes, alpine plant communities are forced to upward displacements following their climatic niche. Species range shifts are predicted to have major impacts on alpine communities by reshuffling species composition and abundances. Using a standardized protocol, we surveyed alpine plant communities in permanent plots on four high Andean summits in NW Argentina, which range from 4,040 to 4,740 m a.s.l. After a baseline survey in 2006-2008, we resurvey the same plots in 2012, and again in 2017. We found a significant decrease in plant cover, species richness, and diversity across the elevation gradient in the three censuses and a strong decrease in soil temperature along the elevation gradient. We found a high plant community turnover (37%-49%) among censuses, differentiating according to summits and aspects; major changes of community turnover were observed in the lowest summit (49%) and on the northern (47%) and western (46%) aspects. Temporal patterns in community changes were represented by increases in plant cover in the highest summit, in species richness in the lower summit, and in diversity (Shannon index) in the four summits, over time, together with increase in small herbs and non-tussock grasses. We suggest that the observed trend in plant community dynamics responds to short-term temperature and precipitation variability, which is influenced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and due to time lags in plant community response, it may take much longer than one decade for the observed trends to become stables and statistically significant. Our study provides an important foundation for documenting more profound changes in these subtropical alpine plant communities as global climate change continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología RegionalUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)TucumánArgentina
| | | | - Soledad Cuello
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste (INQUINOA)TucumánArgentina
| | - Alfredo Grau
- Instituto de Ecología RegionalUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)TucumánArgentina
| | - Agustina Malizia
- Instituto de Ecología RegionalUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)TucumánArgentina
| | - Francisco Cuesta
- Biodiversity DepartmentConsorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (CONDESAN)QuitoEcuador
- Palaeoecology and Landscape Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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9
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Fadrique B, Báez S, Duque Á, Malizia A, Blundo C, Carilla J, Osinaga-Acosta O, Malizia L, Silman M, Farfán-Ríos W, Malhi Y, Young KR, Cuesta C. F, Homeier J, Peralvo M, Pinto E, Jadan O, Aguirre N, Aguirre Z, Feeley KJ. Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature 2018; 564:207-212. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Nieto C, Malizia A, Carilla J, Izquierdo A, Rodríguez J, Cuello S, Zannier M, Grau HR. [Spatial patterns in communities of aquatic macroinvertebrates of Argentinean Puna]. REV BIOL TROP 2016; 64:747-762. [PMID: 29451767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial patterns in communities of aquatic macroinvertebrates of Argentinean Puna. The macroinvertebrates are a vital component of freshwater ecosystems as they contribute to the process of organic matter while serving as food for other organisms such as fish and amphibians. Unfortunately, the knowledge of the aquatic diversity is poor in the high Andean systems (between 3 200 and 5 200 m.a.s.l. and rainfall below 300 mm per year), especially in the Argentinean peatbogs, a fact which has made difficult the interpretation of spatial patterns on a regional scale. The present study aimed to describe the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates in seven peatbogs in the Argentinean Puna, and to analyze for the first time their spatial patterns. For this, we studied the relationship of these organisms with the environment, and obtained information about the surrounding vegetation and water physico-chemical characteristics. A total of 3 131 specimens of aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected, representing 25 taxa belonging to 22 families and 24 genera. In addition, 62 species of vascular plants were recorded, belonging to 20 families. The most abundant life form were the tufted grasses, followed by cushions. By using an NMDS (Non-Metrical Multidimensional Scaling) statistical analysis, the sampling sites were ordered in each peatbog as follows. The peatbogs located furthest West and South with higher water temperature were grouped on axis 1, whereas those with higher conductivity, whole water dissolved solids and salt concentration were grouped on axis 2. The water temperature was higher than air temperature at all times, and we found no association between temperature and altitude. The altitude had no correlation with the abundance of macroinvertebrates or with plant richness. Life forms such as scattered graminoids, trailing and prostrate herbs (in many cases they get into the channel) and aquatic plants were more abundant in peatbogs 4, 5 and 7 and they had a correlation with some macroinvertebrates belonging to functional trophic groups such as filter-collectors, collectors and scrapers. Finally, conductivity, whole dissolved solids and salt concentration had their highest value in peatbog 6, where Bivalvia (filter-collector) and Hyalella (collector) were also found. The results obtained attest that these macroinvertebrates displayed diversity and composition spatial patterns, the most important feature being their relationship with the surrounding vegetation, and to a lesser extent, with the physical and chemical traits of water in seven fertile lowlands in the Argentinean Puna.
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11
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Báez S, Malizia A, Carilla J, Blundo C, Aguilar M, Aguirre N, Aquirre Z, Álvarez E, Cuesta F, Duque Á, Farfán-Ríos W, García-Cabrera K, Grau R, Homeier J, Linares-Palomino R, Malizia LR, Cruz OM, Osinaga O, Phillips OL, Reynel C, Silman MR, Feeley KJ. Large-scale patterns of turnover and Basal area change in Andean forests. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126594. [PMID: 25973977 PMCID: PMC4431807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
General patterns of forest dynamics and productivity in the Andes Mountains are poorly characterized. Here we present the first large-scale study of Andean forest dynamics using a set of 63 permanent forest plots assembled over the past two decades. In the North-Central Andes tree turnover (mortality and recruitment) and tree growth declined with increasing elevation and decreasing temperature. In addition, basal area increased in Lower Montane Moist Forests but did not change in Higher Montane Humid Forests. However, at higher elevations the lack of net basal area change and excess of mortality over recruitment suggests negative environmental impacts. In North-Western Argentina, forest dynamics appear to be influenced by land use history in addition to environmental variation. Taken together, our results indicate that combinations of abiotic and biotic factors that vary across elevation gradients are important determinants of tree turnover and productivity in the Andes. More extensive and longer-term monitoring and analyses of forest dynamics in permanent plots will be necessary to understand how demographic processes and woody biomass are responding to changing environmental conditions along elevation gradients through this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Báez
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecoregión Andina (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- * E-mail:
| | - Agustina Malizia
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencias de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencias de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Blundo
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencias de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | - Esteban Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio Climático, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Cuesta
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecoregión Andina (CONDESAN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - William Farfán-Ríos
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karina García-Cabrera
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Grau
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencias de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Lucio R. Malizia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
- Fundación ProYungas, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Omar Melo Cruz
- Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistemas Tropicales, Universidad del Tolima, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oriana Osinaga
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos Reynel
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Miles R. Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Feeley
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Carilla J, Aragón R, Gurvich DE. Fire and grazing differentially affect aerial biomass and species composition in Andean grasslands. Acta Oecologica 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Garcia R, Riera J, Carilla J, Julia L, Molins E, Miravitlles C. Extensive chlorination of methylnaphthalenes, Friedel-Crafts alkylation of pentachlorobenzene by heptachloro(chloromethyl)naphthalenes, and related results. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00047a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Carilla J, Julia L, Riera J, Brillas E, Garrido JA, Labarta A, Alcala R. The first isolated carbon tetraradical with a pair of triplets. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00022a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Castaner J, Riera J, Carilla J, Robert A, Molins E, Miravitlles C. A new trifluoromethylating agent: synthesis of polychlorinated (trifluoromethyl)benzenes and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenes and conversion into their trichloromethyl counterparts and molecular structure of highly strained polychloro-m-xylenes. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00001a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Carilla J, Fajari L, Garcia R, Julia L, Marcos C, Riera J, Whitaker CR, Rius J, Aleman C. Perchloro-2-methylnaphthalene, a Novel Chlorocarbon with a Highly Strained Structure. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00114a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Bosch T, Manich AM, Carilla J, Palop R, Cot J. Characterization of retanned chrome bovine leather by thermomechanical analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Teruel L, Viadel L, Carilla J, Fajarí L, Brillas E, Sañé J, Rius J, Juliá L. (4-Amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl)- bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl Radical: A New Constituent of Organic Magnetic Materials. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo960451v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Teruel
- Departament de Materials Orgànics Halogenats, Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ll. Viadel
- Departament de Materials Orgànics Halogenats, Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. Carilla
- Departament de Materials Orgànics Halogenats, Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ll. Fajarí
- Departament de Materials Orgànics Halogenats, Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. Brillas
- Departament de Materials Orgànics Halogenats, Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. Sañé
- Departament de Materials Orgànics Halogenats, Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. Rius
- Departament de Materials Orgànics Halogenats, Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L. Juliá
- Departament de Materials Orgànics Halogenats, Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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García R, Riera J, Carilla J, Juliá L, Sánchez-Baeza F, Molins E. Synthesis and dynamic NMR studies of heptachloro-7-(dihalomethyl)naphthalenes. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00078-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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