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Bao Y, Han A, Gele T, Song Z, Liu X, Tong Z, Zhang J. Climate change reduces elevational and latitudinal differences in spring phenology of pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Bulter). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173847. [PMID: 38871325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Bulter, Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), as an ectotherm, temperature plays a crucial role in its development. With climate change, earlier development of insect pests is expected to pose a more frequent threat to forest communities. Yet the quantitative research about the extent to which global warming affects pine caterpillar populations is rarely understood, particularly across various elevations and latitudes. Spring phenology of pine caterpillars showed an advancing trend with 0.8 d/10a, 2.2 d/10a, 2.2 d/10a, and 3.3 d/10a under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenario, respectively. There was a maximum advance of 20 d in spring phenology of pine caterpillars during the 2090s, from mid-March to early March, and even late February. This study highlighted the significant advance in spring phenology at elevations >1000 m and lower latitudes. Consequently, the differences in elevational and latitudinal gradients were relatively small as the increasing temperatures at the end of the 21st century. And the average temperature in February-March was effective in explaining theses variability. These findings are crucial for adapting and mitigating to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Bao
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Aru Han
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Teri Gele
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ziming Song
- Collage of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhijun Tong
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun 130024, China.
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2
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Habel JC, Schmitt T, Gros P, Ulrich W. Active around the year: Butterflies and moths adapt their life cycles to a warming world. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17103. [PMID: 38273556 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Living in a warming world requires adaptations to altered annual temperature regimes. In Europe, spring is starting earlier, and the vegetation period is ending later in the year. These climatic changes are leading not only to shifts in distribution ranges of flora and fauna, but also to phenological shifts. Using long-term observation data of butterflies and moths collected during the past decades across northern Austria, we test for phenological shifts over time and changes in the number of generations. On average, Lepidoptera adults emerged earlier in the year and tended to extend their flight periods in autumn. Many species increased the annual number of generations. These changes were more pronounced at lower altitudes than at higher altitudes, leading to an altered phenological zonation. Our findings indicate that climate change does not only affect community composition but also the life history of insects. Increased activity and reproductive periods might alter Lepidoptera-host plant associations and food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Christian Habel
- Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
- Entomology and Biogeography, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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3
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Jesus LMG, Guedes JJM, Moura MR, Feio RN, Costa HC. Environmental drivers of tropical forest snake phenology: Insights from citizen science. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10305. [PMID: 37492463 PMCID: PMC10363785 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Museum specimens and citizen science initiatives are valuable sources of information on how anthropogenic activities affect biodiversity and how species respond to rapid global change. Although tropical regions harbor most of the planet's biodiversity, investigations on species' phenological changes are heavily biased toward temperate regions. Such unevenness in phenological research is also taxonomically biased, with reptiles being the least studied group among tetrapod species regarding animal phenology. Herein, we used long-term time-series data to investigate environmentally driven changes in the activity pattern of tropical forest snakes. We gathered natural history collection and citizen science data for 25 snake species (five venomous and 20 non-venomous) from an Atlantic Forest region in southeastern Brazil. Using circular mixed-effects models, we investigate whether snake activity patterns followed the variation in environmental variables over a decade. Our results show that the activity pattern of Atlantic Forest snakes was seasonal and largely driven by average temperature and relative humidity. Since snakes are ectothermic animals, they are particularly sensitive to temperature variations, especially at small scales. Moreover, relative humidity can affect snake's seasonal activities through physiological constraints and/or prey availability. Most specimens were registered during the rainy season, with highly venomous snakes (lanceheads and coral snakes) emerging as the most abundant taxa. We highlight the importance of citizen science and natural history collections in better understanding biodiversity. Furthermore, our data obtained from local collectors underscore the need for environmental education programs and collaboration between researchers and local decision-makers to raise awareness and reduce conflicts between people and snakes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letízia M. G. Jesus
- Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaJuiz de ForaBrazil
| | - Jhonny J. M. Guedes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Departamento de Ecologia, Campus SamambaiaUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Mario R. Moura
- Departamento de Biologia AnimalUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil
- Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaAreiaBrazil
| | - Renato N. Feio
- Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaBrazil
| | - Henrique C. Costa
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaJuiz de ForaBrazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaJuiz de ForaBrazil
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4
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Sunde J, Franzén M, Betzholtz PE, Francioli Y, Pettersson LB, Pöyry J, Ryrholm N, Forsman A. Century-long butterfly range expansions in northern Europe depend on climate, land use and species traits. Commun Biol 2023; 6:601. [PMID: 37270651 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is an important driver of range shifts and community composition changes. Still, little is known about how the responses are influenced by the combination of land use, species interactions and species traits. We integrate climate and distributional data for 131 butterfly species in Sweden and Finland and show that cumulative species richness has increased with increasing temperature over the past 120 years. Average provincial species richness increased by 64% (range 15-229%), from 46 to 70. The rate and direction of range expansions have not matched the temperature changes, in part because colonisations have been modified by other climatic variables, land use and vary according to species characteristics representing ecological generalisation and species interactions. Results emphasise the role of a broad ecological filtering, whereby a mismatch between environmental conditions and species preferences limit the ability to disperse and establish populations in emerging climates and novel areas, with potentially widespread implications for ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sunde
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Markus Franzén
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per-Eric Betzholtz
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Yannick Francioli
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lars B Pettersson
- Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Juha Pöyry
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Nature Solutions, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nils Ryrholm
- Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of Gävle, SE-80176, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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5
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Woods T, McGarvey DJ. Drivers of Odonata flight timing revealed by natural history collection data. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:310-323. [PMID: 35995760 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Global change may cause widespread phenological shifts. But knowledge of the extent and generality of these shifts is limited by the availability of phenological records with sufficiently large spatiotemporal extents. Using North American odonates (damselflies and dragonflies) as a model system, we show how a combination of natural history museum and community science collections, beginning in 1901 and extending through 2020, can be leveraged to better understand phenology. We begin with an analysis of odonate functional traits. Principal coordinate analysis is used to place odonate genera within a three-dimensional trait ordination. From this, we identify seven distinct functional groups and select a single odonate genus to represent each group. Next, we pair the odonate records with a list of environmental covariates, including air temperature and degree days, photoperiod, precipitation, latitude and elevation. An iterative subsampling process is then used to mitigate spatiotemporal sampling bias within the odonate dataset. Finally, we use path analysis to quantify the direct effects of degree days, photoperiod and precipitation on odonate emergence timing, while accounting for indirect effects of latitude, elevation and year. Path models showed that degree days, photoperiod and precipitation each have a significant influence on odonate emergence timing, but degree days have the largest overall effect. Notably, the effect that each covariate has on emergence timing varied among functional groups, with positive relationships observed for some group representatives and negative relationships observed for others. For instance, Calopteryx sp. emerged earlier as degree days increased, while Sympetrum sp. emerged later. Previous studies have linked odonate emergence timing to temperature, photoperiod or precipitation. By using natural history museum and community science data to simultaneously examine all three influences, we show that systems-level understanding of odonate phenology may now be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Woods
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Eastern Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel J McGarvey
- Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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6
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Dorian NN, McCarthy MW, Crone EE. Ecological traits explain long-term phenological trends in solitary bees. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:285-296. [PMID: 35839142 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Across taxa, the timing of life-history events (phenology) is changing in response to warming temperatures. However, little is known about drivers of variation in phenological trends among species. We analysed 168 years of museum specimen and sighting data to evaluate the patterns of phenological change in 70 species of solitary bees that varied in three ecological traits: diet breadth (generalist or specialist), seasonality (spring, summer or fall) and nesting location (above-ground or below-ground). We estimated changes in onset, median, end and duration of each bee species' annual activity (flight duration) using quantile regression. To determine whether ecological traits could explain phenological trends, we compared average trends across species groups that differed in a single trait. We expected that specialist bees would be constrained by their host plants' phenology and would show weaker phenological change than generalist species. We expected phenological advances in spring and delays in summer and fall. Lastly, we expected stronger shifts in above-ground versus below-ground nesters. Across all species, solitary bees have advanced their phenology by 0.43 days/decade. Since 1970, this advancement has increased fourfold to 1.62 days/decade. Solitary bees have also lengthened their flight period by 0.44 days/decade. Seasonality and nesting location explained variation in trends among species. Spring- and summer-active bees tended to advance their phenology, whereas fall-active bees tended to delay. Above-ground nesting species experienced stronger advances than below-ground nesting bees in spring; however, the opposite was true in summer. Diet breadth was not associated with patterns of phenological change. Our study has two key implications. First, an increasing activity period of bees across the flight season means that bee communities will potentially provide pollination services for a longer period of time during the year. And, since phenological trends in solitary bees can be explained by some ecological traits, our study provides insight into mechanisms underpinning population viability of insect pollinators in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Dorian
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Max W McCarthy
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Crone
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Fitchett JM, Pandazis A, Pillay S. Advance in the timing of the annual migration of the brown-veined white butterfly through Johannesburg, South Africa, over the period 1914-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2251-2258. [PMID: 35986753 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the mid-summer month of January each year, the migrating brown-veined white butterflies (Belenois aurota, Fabricius, 1973) move through Johannesburg, South Africa, on their path from the Karoo to Mozambique. The result is a short period of approximately 3 days during which the skies of Johannesburg are filled with white butterflies, a spectacle that has been recorded in print media over the past century, and social media over the past decade. In this study, we mine these traditional and social media archives to produce the first multi-decadal phenological record of butterfly migration timing for South Africa, and explore the changes in timing and the role of climate thereof. We find a statistically significant advance in timing at a rate of 2.9 days per decade (r = 0.34, p = 0.0490). The climatic drivers of shifts in migratory species arrival are difficult to detect, as they involve the role of weather at the point of departure in determining the start of flight, and the weather en route to determine the path followed. However, statistically significant relationships are found between the arrival dates and both Tmin and precipitation in the month of December, and the combination thereof (r = 0.44, p = 0.0437 and r = 0.45, p = 0.0420 respectively). The findings of this study contribute to a growing literature documenting phenological shifts in South Africa, a previously under-represented region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Fitchett
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Antonia Pandazis
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Subhashinidevi Pillay
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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8
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Buckley LB. Temperature-sensitive development shapes insect phenological responses to climate change. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100897. [PMID: 35257968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenological shifts vary within and among insect species and locations based on exposure and sensitivity to climate change. Shifts in environmental conditions and seasonal constraints along elevation and latitudinal gradients can select for differences in temperature sensitivity that generate differential phenological shifts. I examine the phenological implications of observed variation in developmental traits. Coupling physiological and ecological insight to link the environmental sensitivity of development to phenology and fitness offers promise in understanding variable phenological responses to climate change and their community and ecosystem implications. A key challenge in establishing these linkages is extrapolating controlled, laboratory experiments to temporally variable, natural environments. New lab and field experiments that incorporate realistic environmental variation are needed to test the extrapolations. Establishing the linkages can aid understanding and anticipating impacts of climate change on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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9
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Grassland type and presence of management shape butterfly functional diversity in agricultural and forested landscapes. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Gotelli NJ, Booher DB, Urban MC, Ulrich W, Suarez AV, Skelly DK, Russell DJ, Rowe RJ, Rothendler M, Rios N, Rehan SM, Ni G, Moreau CS, Magurran AE, Jones FAM, Graves GR, Fiera C, Burkhardt U, Primack RB. Estimating species relative abundances from museum records. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas B. Booher
- Yale Center for Biodiversity and Global Change Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
- Georgia Museum of Natural History Athens Georgia USA
| | - Mark C. Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Center of Biological Risk University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun Poland
| | - Andrew V. Suarez
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior Department of Entomology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA
| | - David K. Skelly
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | | | - Rebecca J. Rowe
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | | | - Nelson Rios
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Sandra M. Rehan
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - George Ni
- Department of Biology University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Corrie S. Moreau
- Department of Entomology Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Faith A. M. Jones
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
- Department of Forest and Conservation Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Gary R. Graves
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Cristina Fiera
- Institute of Biology Bucharest Romanian Academy Bucharest Romania
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11
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Herremans M, Gielen K, Van Kerckhoven J, Vanormelingen P, Veraghtert W, Swinnen KR, Maes D. Abundant Citizen Science Data Reveal That the Peacock Butterfly Aglais io Recently Became Bivoltine in Belgium. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080683. [PMID: 34442249 PMCID: PMC8396639 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The peacock butterfly is abundant and widespread in Europe. It used to have a single generation per year: adults born in summer overwintered and reappeared in spring to reproduce. However, recent flight patterns in western Europe show three peaks during the year: a first one in spring (overwintering butterflies), a second one in early summer (offspring of the spring generation), and a third one in autumn. Hitherto, it was unclear whether this third autumn flight peak was a second new generation or consisted of butterflies flying again in autumn after a summer rest. Based on hundreds of thousands of observations and thousands of pictures submitted by naturalists from the public to the online portal ‘observation’ in Belgium, we demonstrate that Peacocks shifted towards two new generations per year in recent decades. Mass citizen science data has become increasingly important in tracking the response of biodiversity to rapid environmental changes (e.g., climate change). Abstract The peacock butterfly is abundant and widespread in Europe. It is generally believed to be univoltine (one generation per year): adults born in summer overwinter and reappear again in spring to reproduce. However, recent flight patterns in western Europe mostly show three peaks during the year: a first one in spring (overwintering butterflies), a second one in early summer (offspring of the spring generation), and a third one in autumn. It was thus far unclear whether this autumn flight peak was a second new generation or consisted of butterflies flying again in autumn after a summer rest (aestivation). The life cycle of one of Europe’s most common butterflies is therefore still surprisingly inadequately understood. We used hundreds of thousands of observations and thousands of pictures submitted by naturalists from the public to the online portal observation.orgin Belgium and analyzed relations between flight patterns, condition (wear), reproductive cycles, peak abundances, and phenology to clarify the current life history. We demonstrate that peacocks have shifted towards two new generations per year in recent decades. Mass citizen science data in online portals has become increasingly important in tracking the response of biodiversity to rapid environmental changes such as climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herremans
- Natuurpunt Studie, Coxiestraat 11, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; (K.G.); (J.V.K.); (P.V.); (W.V.); (K.R.R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karin Gielen
- Natuurpunt Studie, Coxiestraat 11, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; (K.G.); (J.V.K.); (P.V.); (W.V.); (K.R.R.S.)
| | - Jos Van Kerckhoven
- Natuurpunt Studie, Coxiestraat 11, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; (K.G.); (J.V.K.); (P.V.); (W.V.); (K.R.R.S.)
| | - Pieter Vanormelingen
- Natuurpunt Studie, Coxiestraat 11, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; (K.G.); (J.V.K.); (P.V.); (W.V.); (K.R.R.S.)
| | - Wim Veraghtert
- Natuurpunt Studie, Coxiestraat 11, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; (K.G.); (J.V.K.); (P.V.); (W.V.); (K.R.R.S.)
| | - Kristijn R.R. Swinnen
- Natuurpunt Studie, Coxiestraat 11, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; (K.G.); (J.V.K.); (P.V.); (W.V.); (K.R.R.S.)
| | - Dirk Maes
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Havenlaan 88 Box 73, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium;
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12
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Hällfors MH, Pöyry J, Heliölä J, Kohonen I, Kuussaari M, Leinonen R, Schmucki R, Sihvonen P, Saastamoinen M. Combining range and phenology shifts offers a winning strategy for boreal Lepidoptera. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1619-1632. [PMID: 34101328 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Species can adapt to climate change by adjusting in situ or by dispersing to new areas, and these strategies may complement or enhance each other. Here, we investigate temporal shifts in phenology and spatial shifts in northern range boundaries for 289 Lepidoptera species by using long-term data sampled over two decades. While 40% of the species neither advanced phenology nor moved northward, nearly half (45%) used one of the two strategies. The strongest positive population trends were observed for the minority of species (15%) that both advanced flight phenology and shifted their northern range boundaries northward. We show that, for boreal Lepidoptera, a combination of phenology and range shifts is the most viable strategy under a changing climate. Effectively, this may divide species into winners and losers based on their propensity to capitalize on this combination, with potentially large consequences on future community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Hällfors
- Research Centre for Environmental Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Life-history Evolution Research Group, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Pöyry
- Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Heliölä
- Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmari Kohonen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Kuussaari
- Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reima Leinonen
- Kainuu Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, Kajaani, Finland
| | | | - Pasi Sihvonen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Environmental Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Life-history Evolution Research Group, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Edwards CB, Crone EE. Estimating abundance and phenology from transect count data with GLMs. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Faltýnek Fric Z, Rindoš M, Konvička M. Radical pruning of distribution data may result in loss of knowledge (Response to Larsen & Shirey). Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1290-1292. [PMID: 33756000 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Larsen & Shirey (2020) criticised our analysis of latitudinal changes in butterfly phenology on the grounds of improper data management. We admit some imprecisions, but show that stringent reanalyses did not change the overall results. We also show that unreasonable treatment of data may result in critical information loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Faltýnek Fric
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rindoš
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Konvička
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
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Larsen EA, Shirey V. Method matters: pitfalls in analysing phenology from occurrence records. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1287-1289. [PMID: 33756053 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Large occurrence datasets provide a sizable resource for ecological analyses, but have substantial limitations. Phenological analyses in Fric et al. (2020) were misleading due to inadequate curation and improper statistics. Reanalysing 22 univoltine species with sufficient data for independent analysis, we found substantively different macroscale phenological patterns, including later onset at higher latitude for most species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vaughn Shirey
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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16
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A new comprehensive trait database of European and Maghreb butterflies, Papilionoidea. Sci Data 2020; 7:351. [PMID: 33060594 PMCID: PMC7567092 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait-based analyses explaining the different responses of species and communities to environmental changes are increasing in frequency. European butterflies are an indicator group that responds rapidly to environmental changes with extensive citizen science contributions to documenting changes of abundance and distribution. Species traits have been used to explain long- and short-term responses to climate, land-use and vegetation changes. Studies are often characterised by limited trait sets being used, with risks that the relative roles of different traits are not fully explored. Butterfly trait information is dispersed amongst various sources and descriptions sometimes differ between sources. We have therefore drawn together multiple information sets to provide a comprehensive trait database covering 542 taxa and 25 traits described by 217 variables and sub-states of the butterflies of Europe and Maghreb (northwest Africa) which should serve for improved trait-based ecological, conservation-related, phylogeographic and evolutionary studies of this group of insects. We provide this data in two forms; the basic data and as processed continuous and multinomial data, to enhance its potential usage. Measurement(s) | resources • Egg Laying • larval environment • pupal environment • geographic location • behavior • size • voltinism • phenology • host plant | Technology Type(s) | digital curation | Factor Type(s) | species | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Papilionoidea | Sample Characteristic - Location | Europe • Northwest Africa |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12998828
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17
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Gutiérrez D, Wilson RJ. Intra- and interspecific variation in the responses of insect phenology to climate. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:248-259. [PMID: 32961581 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Phenological change is the most widely documented biological impact of climate change, but shows marked variation in magnitude among populations and species. Thus, quantifying the environmental factors and organismal differences driving this intra- and interspecific variability in phenology is vital to understand and forecast the ecological consequences of climate change. Here, we test intra- and interspecific differences for a set of butterfly species in the organismal sensitivity of flight phenology and its dependence on environmental factors, using as our model system an elevation gradient in a Mediterranean mountain range where temperature and relative humidity vary substantially over space and time. We use field-collected meteorological data, and butterfly counts for 20 univoltine species over 14 years, to test the relative effects on phenology of temperature and relative humidity, the sensitivity of phenology to spatial and temporal variation in temperature and whether ecological traits account for inter-specific variation in sensitivity. For all species, temperature in the months immediately preceding adult emergence had the strongest relationship with phenology. All species appeared earlier in warmer years, with those flying earlier in the season showing the greatest sensitivity to annual (temporal) variation in temperature. However, only a minority of species showed evidence of plastic, space-for-time responses to temperature. Instead, most species showed strong evidence that phenology was more sensitive to temporal than spatial variation in temperature. Our results support the dominant influence of temperature on phenology, even in Mediterranean environments suffering summer drought. They also suggest that accurate forecasts of species' phenological shifts could require the isolation of spatial from temporal components of temperature variation, because the sensitivity of populations and species may differ across these two dimensions. The factors driving synchronisation of phenology over space merit particular research in the context of climate change, given their potential to expose populations simultaneously to environmental extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gutiérrez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Høye TT. Arthropods and climate change - arctic challenges and opportunities. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 41:40-45. [PMID: 32674064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The harsh climate, limited human infrastructures, and basic autecological knowledge gaps represent substantial challenges for studying arthropods in the Arctic. At the same time, rapid climate change, low species diversity, and strong collaborative networks provide unique and underexploited Arctic opportunities for understanding species responses to environmental change and testing ecological theory. Here, I provide an overview of individual, population, and ecosystem level responses to climate change in Arctic arthropods. I focus on thermal performance, life history variation, population dynamics, community composition, diversity, and biotic interactions. The species-poor Arctic represents a unique opportunity for testing novel, automated arthropod monitoring methods. The Arctic can also potentially provide insights to further understand and mitigate the effects of climate change on arthropods worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke T Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark.
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19
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Teder T. Phenological responses to climate warming in temperate moths and butterflies: species traits predict future changes in voltinism. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiit Teder
- Dept of Zoology, Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Vanemuise 46 EE‐51003 Tartu Estonia
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech Univ. of Life Sciences Prague Kamýcká 129 Praha – Suchdol 165 00 Czech Republic
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