1
|
Goenka S. Comparative evaluation of six commercial adult toothpaste formulations reveals cytotoxicity and altered functions in a human oral melanocyte model: an in vitro study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00957-7. [PMID: 38822982 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to compare six commercial adult toothpaste (labeled as A, B, C, D, E, and F) for cytotoxicity and melanocyte function alterations in vitro using primary human epidermal melanocytes from a Caucasian donor (HEMn-LP cells) as a model of oral melanocytes. Cells were incubated with toothpaste extracts (50% w/v) in culture media at dilutions (1:25, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:800, and 1:1000) for 24 h. MTS and LDH assays were used to assess cytotoxicity. The effects of noncytotoxic toothpaste concentrations on melanocyte functional endpoints were then examined using spectrophotometric methods. All toothpaste showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity that was heterogeneous across toothpaste containing SLS detergent. IC50 values of cytotoxicity followed the order: A = E > C > B > D > F. To compare toothpaste, they were tested at 1:800 and 1:1000 dilutions that were noncytotoxic after 24 h. None of the toothpaste affected cellular melanin production. However, toothpaste A, C, and D suppressed tyrosinase activity at both dilutions, while toothpaste B suppressed tyrosinase activity only at 1:800 dilution. Toothpaste A, C, E, and F elevated ROS production at 1:800 dilution, with no change at 1:1000 dilution. Toothpaste has a heterogeneous effect on melanocytes. Toothpaste B, E, and F at 1:1000 dilution were the safest as they did not alter melanocyte functions at this dilution, although toothpaste F is the least cytotoxic of these. Future studies are necessary to expand these results in a physiological environment of oral tissue. The findings of this study provide novel insight into the biocompatibility studies of toothpaste on oral melanocytes. They can aid dental practitioners and consumers in selecting noncytotoxic toothpaste that do not contribute to ROS generation by melanocytes in the oral cavity or lead to cytotoxicity and impaired cellular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Goenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aydın N, Süloğlu AK, İdil N, Öztürk S, Karaoğlanoğlu S. Examination of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effect of whitening toothpastes: an in vitro study. Acta Odontol Scand 2024; 83:327-333. [PMID: 38801222 DOI: 10.2340/aos.v83.40774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toothpastes are widely used to protect oral and teeth health. This study aims to examine the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of whitening toothpastes. METHODS In this study, extracts were prepared according to ISO 10993-12:2021 standard (0.2 g/mL) using whitening and conventional toothpastes. The prepared extracts were added to human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF-1) in different dilutions (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32) and a cytotoxicity test was performed. Antimicrobial analysis of toothpastes was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using the hole-plate diffusion method. Cell viability and microbial analysis data were examined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Toothpastes with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in their composition showed statistically more toxic effects (p < 0.05). The activated carbon toothpastes without SLS showed over 90% cell viability after dilution. Although the dilution rate of toothpastes containing SLS increased, cell viability remained below 70%. All toothpastes used in the study showed antimicrobial effects on S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide and SLS produced more antibacterial effects than activated carbon, blue covarine, microparticles, and conventional toothpaste. CONCLUSIONS SLS-containing toothpastes showed more toxicity on HGF-1 cells. Toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite did not show toxic effects on HGF-1 cells. SLS, sodium lauryl sarcosinate and hydrogen peroxide in toothpastes increase antimicrobial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Numan Aydın
- Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Kılıç Süloğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan İdil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selen Öztürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. s
| | - Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karacic J, Ruf M, Herzog J, Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Sahrmann P. Effect of Dentifrice Ingredients on Volume and Vitality of a Simulated Periodontal Multispecies Biofilm. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:141. [PMID: 38786539 PMCID: PMC11120121 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different toothpaste ingredients on biofilm volume and vitality in an established non-contact biofilm removal model. A multi-species biofilm comprising Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was grown on protein-coated titanium disks. Six disks per group were exposed to 4 seconds non-contact brushing using a sonic toothbrush. Four groups assessed slurries containing different ingredients, i.e., dexpanthenol (DP), peppermint oil (PO), cocamidopropyl betaine (CB), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), one positive control group with the slurry of a toothpaste (POS), and a negative control group with physiological saline (NEG). Biofilm volume and vitality were measured using live-dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics and inter-group differences. In the test groups, lowest vitality and volume were found for CB (50.2 ± 11.9%) and PO (3.6 × 105 ± 1.8 × 105 µm3), respectively. Significant differences regarding biofilm vitality were found comparing CB and PO (p = 0.033), CB and NEG (p = 0.014), NaOH and NEG (p = 0.033), and POS and NEG (p = 0.037). However, no significant inter-group differences for biofilm volume were observed. These findings suggest that CB as a toothpaste ingredient had a considerable impact on biofilm vitality even in a non-contact brushing setting, while no considerable impact on biofilm volume was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Karacic
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Moritz Ruf
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Johannes Herzog
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barker E, AlQobaly L, Shaikh Z, Franklin K, Thurlow J, Moghaddam B, Pratten J, Moharamzadeh K. Biological Evaluation of Oral Care Products Using 3D Tissue-Engineered In Vitro Models of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:126. [PMID: 38786524 PMCID: PMC11120139 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate and visualize the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of different oral care products using an infected and inflamed 3D tissue-engineered gingival mucosal model. METHODS A 3D full-thickness oral mucosal model was engineered inside tissue culture inserts using collagen hydrogels populated with human gingival fibroblasts and THP-1 monocytes and layered with oral epithelial cell lines. Oral saliva bacteria were cultured and added to the surface of the models and inflammation was further simulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli. The 3D models were exposed to three different types of toothpastes, a chlorhexidine antiseptic mouthwash, different antibiotics, and a mechanical rinse with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) prior to biological evaluation using the PrestoBlue tissue viability assay, histology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal microscopy, and measurement of the release of the inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 with ELISA. RESULTS Multiple-endpoint analyses of the infected oral mucosal models treated with different anti-bacterial agents showed consistent outcomes in terms of tissue viability, histology, OCT, and confocal microscopy findings. In terms of anti-inflammatory testings, the positive control group showed the highest level of inflammation compared with all other groups. Depending on the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory potential of the test groups, different levels of inflammation were observed in the test groups. CONCLUSIONS The inflamed 3D oral mucosal model developed in this study has the potential to be used as a suitable in vitro model for testing the biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial properties of oral care products including mouthwashes and toothpastes. The results of this study indicate that the chlorhexidine mouthwash has both anti-bacterial and cytotoxic effects on the 3D oral mucosal model. Hyaluronic-acid-containing toothpaste has significant anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects on the 3D oral mucosal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Barker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (E.B.); (L.A.); (Z.S.); (K.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Lina AlQobaly
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (E.B.); (L.A.); (Z.S.); (K.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Zahab Shaikh
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (E.B.); (L.A.); (Z.S.); (K.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Kirsty Franklin
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (E.B.); (L.A.); (Z.S.); (K.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Johanna Thurlow
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (E.B.); (L.A.); (Z.S.); (K.F.); (J.T.)
| | | | | | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (E.B.); (L.A.); (Z.S.); (K.F.); (J.T.)
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karaman GE, Ünal İ, Beler M, Üstündağ FD, Cansız D, Üstündağ ÜV, Emekli-Alturfan E, Akyüz S. Toothpastes for children and their detergent contents affect molecular mechanisms of odontogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:15-25. [PMID: 36444776 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2150208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate how different types of toothpaste (TP) for children affected molecular mechanisms of odontogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Commercially available TPs were selected according to their detergent contents as the cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) containing TP (TP1) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) containing TP (TP2). TP3 contained no detergent. Effects of SLS, and CAPB alone were also examined. TP and detergent concentrations affecting development were determined as 750 mg/L and 4 mg/L, respectively. Embryos were exposed to TP1, TP2, TP3, SLS, CAPB, and embryo medium (control) for 72 h post fertilization. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Expressions of tooth development genes were evaluated by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Intraocular distance, lower jaw, and ceratohyal cartilage length were displayed using Alcian Blue staining. axin2 and wnt10a expressions increased in SLS and TP2 groups. igf2a and eve1 expressions decreased in all groups except TP3. nrOb1 expression decreased in TP1, SLS, and CAPB groups. Oxidant-antioxidant balance was disturbed in all groups except TP3, evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide. SLS, and CAPB groups were more affected in terms of AChE, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase; perturbations were observed in cartilage structures. Altered expression of tooth development gene axin2 correlated with wnt10a, and with changes in cartilage structures in SLS and TP2 groups. TP3 group presented no disruptions in oxidant-antioxidant balance. Our study shows the availability of externally developing zebrafish embryos in examining the effects of TP' contents on embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Ece Karaman
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fümet Duygu Üstündağ
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Akyüz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goenka S, Lee HM. Effect of Commercial Children's Mouthrinses and Toothpastes on the Viability of Neonatal Human Melanocytes: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:287. [PMID: 38132425 PMCID: PMC10742640 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of six commercial children's mouthrinses (designated as #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, and #6) and four commercial children's toothpastes (designated as #1, #2, #3, and #4) on primary human neonatal melanocytes that were used as a representative model for oral melanocytes. Mouthrinses diluted directly with culture medium (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000) were added to monolayers of melanocytes for 2 min, followed by 24 h recovery, after which MTS cytotoxicity assay was conducted. The extracts of each toothpaste were prepared (50% w/v), diluted in culture medium (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, and 1:1000), and added to cell monolayers for 2 min (standard brushing time), followed by an analysis of cell viability after 24 h. Results showed that all mouthrinses except mouthrinse #4 showed significantly greater loss of cell viability, ascribed to cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) that induced significant cytotoxicity to melanocytes (IC50 = 54.33 µM). In the case of toothpastes, the examination of cellular morphology showed that a 2 min exposure to all toothpaste extracts induced a concentration-dependent decline in cell viability, pronounced in toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) detergent. Further results suggested SLS to be the critical driver of cytotoxicity (IC50 = 317.73 µM). It is noteworthy that toothpaste #1 exhibited much lower levels of cytotoxicity compared to the other three toothpastes containing SLS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the melanocytotoxicity of children's mouthrinse (#4) and toothpaste (#1) is comparatively low. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of children's toothpastes and mouthrinses on neonatal primary human melanocytes. Future studies to investigate these findings in a realistic scenario replicating oral cavity conditions of the presence of microbiota, pellicle layer and saliva, and other cell types are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Goenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stachurski P, Świątkowski W, Ciszewski A, Sarna-Boś K, Michalak A. A Short Review of the Toxicity of Dentifrices-Zebrafish Model as a Useful Tool in Ecotoxicological Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14339. [PMID: 37762640 PMCID: PMC10531698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the literature data regarding the effects of different toothpaste compounds in the zebrafish model. Danio rerio provides an insight into the mechanisms of the ecotoxicity of chemicals as well as an assessment of their fate in the environment to determine long-term environmental impact. The regular use of adequate toothpaste with safe active ingredients possessing anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regenerative properties is one of the most effective strategies for oral healthcare. In addition to water, a typical toothpaste consists of a variety of components, among which three are of predominant importance, i.e., abrasive substances, fluoride, and detergents. These ingredients provide healthy teeth, but their environmental impact on living organisms are often not well-known. Each of them can influence a higher level of organization: subcellular, cellular, tissue, organ, individual, and population. Therefore, it is very important that the properties of a chemical are detected before it is released into the environment to minimize damage. An important part of a chemical risk assessment is the estimation of the ecotoxicity of a compound. The zebrafish model has unique advantages in environmental ecotoxicity research and has been used to study vertebrate developmental biology. Among others, the advantages of this model include its external, visually accessible development, which allows for providing many experimental manipulations. The zebrafish has a significant genetic similarity with other vertebrates. Nevertheless, translating findings from zebrafish studies to human risk assessment requires careful consideration of these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stachurski
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Świątkowski
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Ciszewski
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Sarna-Boś
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Michalak
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmed OAK, Sibuyi NRS, Fadaka AO, Maboza E, Olivier A, Madiehe AM, Meyer M, Geerts G. Prospects of Using Gum Arabic Silver Nanoparticles in Toothpaste to Prevent Dental Caries. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030871. [PMID: 36986733 PMCID: PMC10053970 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to control and prevent dental diseases. The incorporation of green synthesized AgNPs into dentifrices to reduce pathogenic oral microbes is motivated by their presumed biocompatibility and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In the present study, gum arabic AgNPs (GA-AgNPs) were formulated into a toothpaste (TP) using a commercial TP at a non-active concentration, to produce GA-AgNPs_TP. The TP was selected after evaluating the antimicrobial activity of four commercial TPs 1-4 on selected oral microbes using agar disc diffusion and microdilution assays. The less active TP-1 was then used in the formulation of GA-AgNPs_TP-1; thereafter, the antimicrobial activity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g was compared to GA-AgNPs_TP-1. The cytotoxicity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g and GA-AgNPs_TP-1 was also assessed on the buccal mucosa fibroblast (BMF) cells using the MTT assay. The study demonstrated that antimicrobial activity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g was retained after being combined with a sub-lethal or inactive concentration of TP-1. The non-selective antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of both GA-AgNPs_0.4g and GA-AgNPs_TP-1 was demonstrated to be time and concentration dependent. These activities were instant, reducing microbial and BMF cell growth in less than one hour of exposure. However, the use of dentifrice commonly takes 2 min and rinsed off thereafter, which could prevent damage to the oral mucosa. Although, GA-AgNPs_TP-1 has a good prospect as a TP or oral healthcare product, more studies are required to further improve the biocompatibility of this formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC) Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC) Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ernest Maboza
- Oral and Dental Research Laboratory, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Annette Olivier
- Oral and Dental Research Laboratory, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Abram Madimabe Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC) Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC) Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.G.); Tel.: +27-21-959-2032 (M.M.); +27-84-6062-104 (G.G.)
| | - Greta Geerts
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.G.); Tel.: +27-21-959-2032 (M.M.); +27-84-6062-104 (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oral Melanoacanthoma: Case Series of 33 Cases and Review of the Literature. Head Neck Pathol 2022:10.1007/s12105-022-01506-w. [PMID: 36478543 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral melanoacanthoma (OM) is a rare, reactive, and benign proliferation of two cell types: keratinocytes and melanocytes. Biopsy is mandatory to not only confirm the diagnosis but also, rule out other entities, as clinical correlation simply, is not definitive. AIM OF THE STUDY We present a large series of OM with analysis of demographics, clinical appearance, histologic presentation, and review of the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series of oral OM reported to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following IRB approval, cases diagnosed as OM within the archives of the University of Florida Oral Pathology Biopsy Service (1998-2020) were included. Patient age, gender, location, clinical appearance, clinical impression, and duration of each lesion was collected. RESULTS A total of 33 cases were included with a mean age of 38.7 years (range of 5-73), and a female: male ratio of 2.6:1. The most common location in descending order was the buccal mucosa (n = 16, 48%), followed by palate (n = 11, 33%), tongue and labial mucosa (n = 2 each, 6%), maxillary and mandibular gingiva (n = 1 each, 3%). The lesions were most frequently brown/black in color, and most often described as macular. All cases were asymptomatic and reported duration was ranged from one week to twelve months. Clinical impression in descending order was pigmented macules (n = 15, 45%), melanosis (n = 4, 12%), nevus (n = 3, 9%), melanoma (n = 2, 6%), melanoacanthoma (n = 1, 3%), and racial pigmentation (n = 1, 3%). Ethnicity was only documented in only 6 out of 33 cases, of which 5 cases were African-American and one Caucasian. The majority of cases (n = 28, 84%) demonstrated hyperplastic/acanthotic surface epithelium with less common, atrophic (n = 4, 12.1%) or spongiotic epithelium (n = 2, 6.06%). CONCLUSION The demographics and clinical presentation of OM in our series was similar to previous findings but encompasses wider variability of histologic presentation. Awareness of OM in the clinical and histologic differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions should be reinforced as many patients are concerned for melanoma and clinicians are often unware of this condition.
Collapse
|
10
|
Coluccia A, Matti F, Zhu X, Lussi A, Stähli A, Sculean A, Eick S. In Vitro Study on Green Propolis as a Potential Ingredient of Oral Health Care Products. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121764. [PMID: 36551420 PMCID: PMC9774696 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is increasingly being discussed as an alternative to commonly used antiseptics. This in vitro study focused on the ethanolic extract of green Brazilian propolis (EEPg) as an additive in an oral health care product. We investigated (i) a potential inflammation-modulation activity of EEPg when a periodontal or Candida biofilm was exposed to monocytic (MONO-MAC-6) cells, (ii) the adhesion of oral pathogens to gingival keratinocytes and (iii) the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of different toothpaste formulations. EEPg decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and increased IL-10 in MONO-MAC cells challenged with a periodontal biofilm. In contact with TIGK cells, EEPg reduced the numbers of adherent Porphyromonas gingivalis to 0.5% but did not affect the adhesion of Candida albicans. The frequent brushing of a cariogenic biofilm with a toothpaste supplemented with EEPg reduced the surface microhardness loss of enamel specimens. Mixing an experimental erythritol toothpaste with 25 and 50 mg/mL of EEPg confirmed the antibacterial activity of EEPg against oral bacteria and particularly inhibited periodontal biofilm formation. The suggested toothpaste formulations seem to have potential in the prevention of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis and should be evaluated in further in vitro research and in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achille Coluccia
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Matti
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xilei Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kanouté A, Dieng SN, Diop M, Dieng A, Sene AK, Diouf M, Lo CM, Faye D, Carrouel F. Chemical vs. natural toothpaste: which formulas for which properties? A scoping review. J Public Health Afr 2022; 13:1945. [PMID: 36277937 PMCID: PMC9585602 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The proliferation of the oral care industry has made it more challenging for shoppers to zero in on the best possible toothpaste for their preventative requirements. It also makes the toothpaste’s various components safer. Objective The researchers set out to evaluate the state of information about the biological properties and cytotoxicity of adult toothpaste so that they might make some informed recommendations. Methods A scoping review of research published between 2015 and 2020 according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Results In vitro clinical trials account for 44% of the papers, in vivo clinical trials for 25%, systematic reviews for 19%, and metaanalyses for 12%. They have active chemical components that have been shown to be antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or desensitizing. Herbal toothpaste has these characteristics and is very secure to use. Toothpaste with sodium lauryl sulfate has been found to be harmful. Conclusions Scientists have investigated the biological effects of a wide range of chemically active compounds and plant extracts. Herbal toothpaste, it has been discovered, is both efficient and secure. Companies making toothpaste should be required to clearly label the product’s qualities, active ingredients, and potentially harmful ingredients on the packaging.
Collapse
|
12
|
Effect of New Surfactants on Biological Properties of Liquid Soaps. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175425. [PMID: 36080193 PMCID: PMC9458098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid soaps are the basic cosmetics used to clean the skin of the hands. Frequent hand washing prevents viral contamination but may damage the skin’s hydro-lipid layer, leading to various types of irritation. Therefore, four liquid soap formulas were developed with three amphoteric surfactants: Cocamidopropyl Betaine (LS II), CocamidopropylHydroxysultaine (LS III), and newly synthesized Evening PrimroseaamidopropylSulfobetaine (LS IV). We evaluated the skin irritating potential (zein number, bovine albumin test) and cytotoxicity (AlamarBlue™, Cell viability, and Cell cycle assays) on HaCaT cell line. We observed lower values of the zein number and bovine albumin tests after adding soaps with surfactants (the highest differences in LS IV) compared to the base soap (LS I). However, LS I and LS II did not differ in cytotoxic assays. Therefore, adding LS III and LS IV seems potentially more dangerous to the cells. However, it should be noted that cells were continuously exposed to liquid soaps for more than 24 h, so its cytotoxic effects after dermal use in humans may be unnoticeable. Concluding, results suggest that the newly synthesized LS IV should improve the safety of liquid hand washing soaps.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kahvecioğlu F, Ülker HE, Tosun G, Özcan M. Effect of Pediatric Toothpastes Based on 500 to 1450 ppm Sodium Fluoride and Amine Fluoride with Different Detergents on oxidative Stress and Cell Viability. MEANDROS MEDICAL AND DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/meandros.galenos.2021.65982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
14
|
Cytotoxic effects of different detergent containing children's toothpastes on human gingival epithelial cells. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:66. [PMID: 35264124 PMCID: PMC8908683 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate possible cytotoxic effects to gingival epithelial cells exposed to children toothpastes containing different detergent. Methods Tissues required for the isolation of human gingival epithelial cells were obtained by biopsy during the extraction of the impacted third molar tooth. Toothpaste solutions of different concentrations were prepared from five different children’s toothpastes with different detergent contents. Isolated gingival epithelial cells were stimulated with experimental groups consisting of toothpaste solutions (Colgate, Sensodyne, Splat, Nenedent, Perlodent) at different concentrations and a control group consisting of complete Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium. After the experiments, cell viability was evaluated using flow cytometry. 2 Way ANOVA was used to see the interaction effect of the main effects of toothpaste solution and concentration factors. Pairwise comparisons were made by Tukey post hoc tests. In the study, the significance level was taken as 0.05. Results As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the toothpaste solution and concentration factors and the interactions of these 2 factors were effective on the viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cell rates. The statistically highest live cell ratios were detected in Splat’s toothpaste solutions (90.14% at 0.4% concentration) after the control group (90.82%) and the group with the lowest viability values was determined in Colgate group (75.74% at 0.4% concentration) (p < 0.05). Conclusions According to the results of the study, it was observed that toothpastes containing SLS affected the viability of cells more negatively than toothpastes with other detergent contents.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pecci-Lloret MP, López-García S, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Álvarez-Novoa P, García-Bernal D. In Vitro Biocompatibility of Several Children's Toothpastes on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052954. [PMID: 35270647 PMCID: PMC8910203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry has recommended fluoride toothpastes from the eruption of the first teeth in children. Toothpastes stay in the mouth in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) for a long time. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of five different commonly used children’s toothpastes: Oral B Kids +3 (Procter & Gamble, Alicante, Spain), Fluor Kin Calcium (Kin, Madrid, Spain), PHB Junior (PHB, Barcelona, Spain), Colgate +3 (Colgate Palmolive, Madrid, Spain) and Vitis Kids (Dentaid, Valencia, Spain) on hGFs. The children’s toothpastes were exposed to hGFs at different concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:4). Afterwards, several tests were performed: MTT assays, cell cycle analyses, cell cytoskeleton staining assays, apoptosis/necrosis assays, and ICP-MS and ion chromatography. Oral B displayed the lowest cytotoxicity and was the toothpaste with the highest fluoride ion release; meanwhile, the other toothpastes were cytotoxic (*** p < 0.0001); Fluor Kin being the one with the lowest fluoride ion release. Among all the toothpastes analyzed, Oral B exhibited the best results in vitro in terms of biocompatibility. Future evaluations, both in vitro and in vivo, are required to confirm the biocompatibility of sodium lauryl sarcosinate and sodium lauryl sulfate containing toothpastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Pecci-Lloret
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Sergio López-García
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pablo Álvarez-Novoa
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 La Coruña, Spain;
| | - David García-Bernal
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nachu S, Ravoori S, Pachava S. Antiplaque efficacy of toothpaste – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_140_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
17
|
The Biocompatibility of a New Erythritol-and Xyltol-Containing Fluoride Toothpaste. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9080935. [PMID: 34442072 PMCID: PMC8392839 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic function of toothpastes is biofilm removal in order to prevent caries and gingivitis. Toothpastes should provide maximal fluoride availability, optimal abrasivity, and ingredients that do not interfere with fluoride release but should have additional beneficial effects. Further, the effect on cells of the oral cavity is of the utmost importance. We investigated several biological parameters of a new toothpaste (AirFlow-AF) that contains fluoride, xylitol and erythritol but no sodium lauryl sulfate and compared them to commercially available toothpastes (Zendium-Ze, Sensodyne-Se, OdolMed-OM, OralB-OB). The half lethal concentration (LC50) as well as the proliferation behavior on gingival (GF), periodontal ligament (PDL), and mouse fibroblast cells (L929) were was tested. The mean LC50 values of AF on GF, PDL, and L929 were 16.2, 10.9, and 9.3, respectively. In comparison, the four other toothpastes showed mean LC50 values of 1.5 (OB), 1.2 (OM), 1.4 (Se), and 27.7 (Ze) on GF. Mean LC50 values on PDL and L929 were 1.0 and 0.2 (OB), 3.7 and 0.9 (OM), 1.2 and 0.6 (Se), and 25.4 and 5.6 (Ze), respectively. Proliferation behavior mainly confirmed the LC50 values. While cells after stimulation with AF returned to almost unimpaired proliferation behavior at 6%, cells were still strongly impaired after stimulation with all tested commercially toothpastes. AF showed high biocompatibility with different cell types.
Collapse
|
18
|
Effects of different detergent-containing children's toothpastes on the viability, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human dental periodontal ligament stem cells and gingival stem cells in vitro. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101538. [PMID: 33878638 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detergents are the most commonly used compounds in toothpastes due to their foaming and cleaning peoperties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of children's toothpastes with different detergent content on the viability, the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of human mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS The necessary tissues for human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLMSCs) and human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) isolation were obtained during extraction of 10 impacted third molar teeth. The viability of the cells stimulated with different concentratiaons of Colgate, Sensodyne, Splat, Nenedent, Perlodent toothpaste solutions and complete Dulbocco's modified eagle medium (control group) were evaluated by using the flow cytometer. In addition, the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential of human gingival and periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells exposed to toothpaste solutions were examined morphologically. Datas were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23. One way ANOVA test was used to determine the differences between the groups for multiple comparisons, while the Tukey post-hoc test was used for pair wise comparisons in determining which groups differed. RESULTS A higher percentage of cell viability was detected in Control group at 20 %, 50 % and 80 % (p = 0.000) on hGMSCs. After the Control group, the highest cell viability ratios were observed in the detergent-free Splat group (p = 0.000) followed by the Sensodyne experimental group containing CABP (p = 0.000). While the cell viability rates in Nenedent group was found significantly higher than the Perlodent group at other concentrations except for 20 % concentration (p = 0.000). Colgate group had the lowest percentage of cell viability among the experimental groups at all concentrations on hPDMSCs (p = 0.000). The highest live cell ratios was detected in Control group (p = 0.000), followed by Splat and Sensodyne groups (p = 0.000). The cell viability ratios at 50 % concentration were higher in Perlodent group than Nenedent group (p = 0.000). The highest osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with different toothpaste was determined in Control and Splat group. CONCLUSIONS As a result of the findings, it was observed that toothpaste containing SLS had a more negative effect on the viability of the cells and the differentiation potentials than the other groups.
Collapse
|
19
|
RODE SDM, SATO TDP, MATOS FDS, CORREIA AMDO, CAMARGO SEA. Toxicity and effect of whitening toothpastes on enamel surface. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e025. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
20
|
Tabatabaei MH, Mahounak FS, Asgari N, Moradi Z. Cytotoxicity of the Ingredients of Commonly Used Toothpastes and Mouthwashes on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Front Dent 2020; 16:450-457. [PMID: 33089246 PMCID: PMC7569277 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i6.3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Toothpastes and mouthwashes contain ingredients that may be toxic for oral mucosal tissues. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of the ingredients of commonly used toothpastes and mouthwashes. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 16 toothpastes and four mouthwashes widely available in the Iranian market. First, the concentration of six main ingredients of these products, namely sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, zinc lactate, paraben, and sodium benzoate, was determined. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of these materials for human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The MTT assay was performed at 1, 15, and 30 minutes following exposure to five concentrations of each material in triplicate (according to the concentrations obtained in the isolation step). Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The difference in the cytotoxicity of the materials was statistically significant (P<0.001). Cytotoxicity was time- and concentration-dependent; by an increase in the concentration of the materials, their cytotoxicity increased over time. The cytotoxicity of sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine was >90%. The cytotoxicity of NaF varied from 25% to 70%, and the cytotoxicity of all concentrations of zinc lactate and sodium benzoate was <50% for HGFs. Conclusion: To decrease the cytotoxic effects of toothpastes, sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine should be replaced with safer detergents, and the concentration of fluoride should be decreased to 400 parts per million (ppm). Alternatively, fluoride may be replaced with other antibacterial and cariostatic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Hasani Tabatabaei
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadeghi Mahounak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Asgari
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Moradi
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090532. [PMID: 32825220 PMCID: PMC7551583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing number of oral infections caused by the Candida species are becoming harder to treat as the commonly used antibiotics become less effective. This drawback has led to the search for alternative strategies of treatment, which include the use of antifungal molecules derived from natural products. Herein, crotoxin (CTX), the main toxin of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, was challenged against Candida tropicalis (CBS94) and Candida dubliniensis (CBS7987) strains by in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and inhibition of biofilm formation were evaluated after CTX treatment. In addition, CTX-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells was assessed by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. Native CTX showed a higher antimicrobial activity (MIC = 47 μg/mL) when compared to CTX-containing mouthwash (MIC = 750 μg/mL) and nystatin (MIC = 375 μg/mL). Candida spp biofilm formation was more sensitive to both CTX and CTX-containing mouthwash (IC100 = 12 μg/mL) when compared to nystatin (IC100 > 47 μg/mL). Moreover, significant membrane permeabilization at concentrations of 1.5 and 47 µg/mL was observed. Native CTX was less cytotoxic to HaCaT cells than CTX-containing mouthwash or nystatin between 24 and 48 h. These preliminary findings highlight the potential use of CTX in the treatment of oral candidiasis caused by resistant strains.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shanmugapriya R, Arunmozhi U, Kadhiresan R, Sabitha S, Anirudhya R, Sujatha G. Comparison of antiplaque effectiveness of herbal toothpaste: A randomized triple-blinded cross-over clinical trial. Ayu 2020; 40:109-113. [PMID: 32398911 PMCID: PMC7210816 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_185_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleansing the teeth with a toothbrush and paste is an indubitable mechanical plaque control method practiced by almost everyone. Eliminating dental plaque is an essential, fundamental and mandatory step to prevent the occurrence of periodontal diseases that are rife globally. The aim of the present study is to compare the antiplaque effectiveness of a prepared herbal and commercially available dentifrice. Materials and Methods Thirty healthy individuals within the age group of 18-25 years were recruited to participate in the study. After achieving induced gingivitis and measuring plaque levels using Turesky modification of the Quigley Hein Plaque index in all the subjects, they were randomly divided into test arms A and B. Commercial dentifrice was distributed to one group, whereas the other group received prepared herbal dentifrice. Supervised brushing was carried out for 5 min, and plaque amounts after brushing were noted. After a washout period of 1 week, the same steps were repeated as per the cross-over study protocol. Unpaired t-test and paired t-tests were employed with P < 0.05. Results Both the toothpastes show the difference in plaque scores immediately after brushing when compared to baseline and was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The mean plaque scores of commercial dentifrice (1.93 ± 1.52) were less than that of the prepared herbal dentifrice (2.35 ± 1.39) after brushing. Conclusion The prepared herbal dentifrice had good antiplaque action. However, the plaque inhibitory action of self-prepared herbal toothpaste was marginally less when compared to commercial dentifrice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramamurthy Shanmugapriya
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ulaganathan Arunmozhi
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathinasamy Kadhiresan
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudarsan Sabitha
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravikumar Anirudhya
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindarajan Sujatha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gul H, Nayyer M, Gilani M, Aman N, Azad AA, Shah AT, Chaudhry AA, Kaleem M, Khan AS. Comparative Fluoride Release and Antimicrobial Analysis of Commercial and Experimental Bioactive Glass/Nano-Oxide-Based Dentifrices. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:38-44. [PMID: 32018280 PMCID: PMC7069735 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to measure fluoride release and assess the antimicrobial behavior of fluoride-doped nano bioactive glass (F-nBG) and nano zinc oxide (ZnO)-enriched novel dentifrices. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental dentifrices were synthesized by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles and F-nBG (1.5 wt% and 4 wt%) as active ingredients. The fluoride release behavior of suspensions and elutes of samples were analyzed by ion selective electrode. Antimicrobial activity and minimum bactericidal concentration against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei were evaluated. Microbial stability against contamination was also assessed by a challenge test. RESULTS The fluoride release behavior of experimental dentifrices was higher than that of commercial dentifrices and was dependent on filler loading. The fluoride release was more from suspensions than elutes. Zones of inhibition (ZOIs) and minimum bactericidal concentration values for novel dentifrices showed direct proportionality with filler loading, and effectiveness was exhibited against both strains. Experimental dentifrices exhibited effective antibacterial potential, which could possibly be due to release of sufficient fluoride and zinc ions in aqueous media from F-nBG and ZnO present in their formulations. CONCLUSION Combination of F-nBG and ZnO may provide a multi-benefit approach for simultaneously treating early white spot lesions, reducing bacterial growth, and providing core plaque control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hashmat Gul
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Nayyer
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Gilani
- Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Aman
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azad Ali Azad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asma Tufail Shah
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lilaj B, Dauti R, Agis H, Schmid-Schwap M, Franz A, Kanz F, Moritz A, Schedle A, Cvikl B. Comparison of Bleaching Products With Up to 6% and With More Than 6% Hydrogen Peroxide: Whitening Efficacy Using BI and WI D and Side Effects - An in vitro Study. Front Physiol 2019; 10:919. [PMID: 31543822 PMCID: PMC6728628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bleaching agents containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) on color-change and on enamel-surface in bovine teeth. Furthermore the influence on cell viability and proliferation was investigated. Two hundred and forty teeth were randomly assigned into four groups (home bleaching ≤6%, in-office bleaching ≤6%, in-office bleaching > 6% HP, and control group). Bleaching was performed after artificial staining and the bleached index (BI) as well as the whiteness index (WID) was measured at several time points. Chemical analysis for HP concentrations and the pH of the bleaching products was done. Furthermore, enamel surfaces of randomly selected specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cytotoxicity of the tested bleaching products was evaluated in vitro using dental pulp cells (DPCs) and L929 cells. A statistically significant whitening effect was observed in almost all products. As expected all investigated products resulted in decreased cell viability, however, with different values of LC50 (median lethal concentration). SEM analysis showed an analog of enamel alterations with decreasing pH, increasing exposure time, and increasing HP concentration. Bleaching agents containing a low HP concentration are considered to be effective and to have less damaging effects on enamel and tested cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bledar Lilaj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rinet Dauti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Schmid-Schwap
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Franz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Kanz
- Center for Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schedle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tadin A, Gavic L, Govic T, Galic N, Zorica Vladislavic N, Zeljezic D. In vivo evaluation of fluoride and sodium lauryl sulphate in toothpaste on buccal epithelial cells toxicity. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:386-393. [PMID: 30784350 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1577988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study addresses the effect of fluoride and sodium lauryl sulphate content of toothpaste on oral epithelial cells in vivo conditions. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Forty volunteers were assigned into two experimental groups, each of them applying the different brand of toothpaste. Every group has been using three different types of toothpaste (non-fluoride and non-SLS, fluoride and non-SLS, and the fluoride and SLS) of the same brand for 6 months, each for 2 months. The buccal epithelial cells were sampled at baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after the beginning of the research. Effect on DNA damage was analyzed by micronucleus assay Results: After 60 days of use, for both tested kinds of toothpaste with fluoride and without SLS, all studied parameters were not significantly different from the results obtained at the time when the participants used a non-fluoride toothpaste. While, after 60 days of use, for one kind of toothpaste with SLS and fluoride, was observed significantly higher incidence of pyknotic cells (2.20 ± 0.95, 0.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.05 ± 0.22, respectively; p = .001), cells with karyorrhexis (2.35 ± 1.14, 0.85 ± 0.93 vs. 0.40 ± 0.68, respectively; p = .001), and nuclear buds (1.35 ± 0.68, 0.45 ± 0.51 vs. 0.45 ± 0.60, respectively; p = .001), compared to toothpastes of the same brand with fluoride and without SLS, and without fluoride and without SLS, for the same period. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, can be concluded that there is no fluorine-dependent cytotoxic or genotoxic effect, while SLS dentifrice increases the number of nuclear morphological changes in buccal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Lidia Gavic
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Tanja Govic
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Nada Galic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Davor Zeljezic
- Division for Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Resende AHM, Farias JM, Silva DDB, Rufino RD, Luna JM, Stamford TCM, Sarubbo LA. Application of biosurfactants and chitosan in toothpaste formulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:77-84. [PMID: 31125921 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to formulate toothpastes containing biosurfactants and either fungal chitosan or sodium fluoride and evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial action and inhibition potential against biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans. Chitosan was extracted from the biomass of the fungus Mucorales. We tested biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP 0992 (PB), Bacillus metylotrophicus UCP 1616 (BB) and Candida bombicola URM 3718 (CB). Fractional inhibitory concentration analysis was performed to determine the type of interaction between the compounds. Six toothpaste were prepared, the active ingredients of which were the biosurfactants, chitosan or sodium fluoride. The cytotoxicity tests were performed using the 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for the L929 (mouse fibroblast) and RAW 264.7 (mouse macrophage) cell lines. The toothpastes were tested with regard to pH, consistency and foaming capacity. The inhibition of biofilm was investigated by applying the toothpaste to biofilm formed in modified artificial saliva for 24 h at 37 °C in anaerobiosis. All substances had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. mutans. The combinations of CB and PB with chitosan had an additive effect against S. mutans, whereas BB combined with chitosan had an indifferent effect. The toothpastes were non-toxic. The formulations had pH around 9, spreading capacity between 8 and 17 mm and foaming capacity between 63 and 95%. All formulations inhibited the cellular viability of S. mutans in the biofilm, with similar results compared to the commercial toothpaste tested. The present results show that the formulations suggested are promising when compared to a commercial tooth paste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Helena M Resende
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Farias
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dhanilo D B Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n. 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raquel D Rufino
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Faculdade de Integração do Sertão (FIS), Rua João Luiz de Melo, 2110, Tancredo Neves, 56.909-205, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Luna
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-280, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thayza Christina M Stamford
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n. 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Leonie A Sarubbo
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-280, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chuang AH, Bordlemay J, Goodin JL, McPherson JC. Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) on Primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts in an In Vitro Wound Healing Model. Mil Med 2019; 184:97-101. [PMID: 30901402 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a surfactant used to decrease the surface tension of water. Most commercially available dentifrices contain 0.5-2.0% SLS. This study investigated the potential effect of SLS on oral wound healing using primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS HGFs cells were grown in12-well culture plates in DMEM medium. A 3 mm wound was created on confluent HGFs. The cells were challenged with 0 (the control group), 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, or 0.05% SLS-containing media once daily for 2 minutes. The cells were stained on day 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The percent of wound fill area was measured. RESULTS On day 2, 4, 6, and 8, the wound fill of the control group (0% SLS) was 15, 35, 67 and 98%, respectively; at 0.01% SLS, it was 10, 20, 65 and 84%; at 0.02%, it was 7, 10, 15 and 25%; at 0.03% SLS, it was only 5% and 8% on day 2 and 4. CONCLUSION Our results showed a dose- and time-dependent inhibition on HGFs wound fill by SLS; however, future in vivo studies are needed to validate if our in vitro findings using SLS-free dentifrices to avoid the potential delay of wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustine H Chuang
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 7 Ave. Bldg 38705, Fort Gordon, GA
| | - Justin Bordlemay
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 7 Ave. Bldg 38705, Fort Gordon, GA
| | - Jeremy L Goodin
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 7 Ave. Bldg 38705, Fort Gordon, GA
| | - James C McPherson
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 7 Ave. Bldg 38705, Fort Gordon, GA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Deferoxamine but Not Dimethyloxalylglycine, L-Mimosine, or Cobalt Dichloride Can Interfere with the MTT Assay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5872865. [PMID: 30581861 PMCID: PMC6276496 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5872865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia mimetic agents (HMAs) have been shown to have a positive influence on cellular functions in a multitude of tissue regenerative strategies. Novel experimental approaches use biomaterials as carriers for controlled delivery of these HMAs. Here, the cytotoxic aspects of biocompatibility are of key relevance. The MTT assay is widely used to evaluate cytotoxicity and proliferation. Based on the implications from the proceeding research we hypothesized that specific HMAs such as deferoxamine at high concentrations can interfere with the MTT assay. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the repercussions of the HMAs dimethyloxalylglycine, deferoxamine, L-mimosine, and CoCl2 on the validity of the MTT assay. Murine MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in serum-free alphaMEM and in alphaMEM supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum with the HMAs dimethyloxalylglycine, deferoxamine, L-mimosine, and CoCl2, respectively, at 3 mM-0.3 mM for 24 h (experimental groups). Cells without HMAs served as control (control groups). The same experiments were performed with medium and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without cells. In all settings MTT solution was added to PBS-washed or unwashed culture plates for the last two hours of the incubation period. Then MTT solution was removed and dimethyl sulfoxide was added to dissolve the formazan crystals and absorption was measured. Our data show that the presence of deferoxamine can interfere with the MTT assay if not removed before the addition of MTT. This is particularly important when evaluating cell viability in setups where deferoxamine-loaded biomaterials are used.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tadin A, Gavic L, Zeravica A, Ugrin K, Galic N, Zeljezic D. Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of conventional and whitening kinds of toothpaste on oral mucosa cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:64-70. [PMID: 28959909 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1384567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate possible DNA damages to oral epithelial cells exposed to whitening kinds of toothpaste considering the effect of conventional non-whitening toothpaste. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty volunteers were assigned into three experimental groups, each of them using a different regular toothpaste for the initial 2 months, followed by the use of whitening kind of toothpaste of the same brand for next 2 months. The oral epithelial cells were sampled prior and 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after the beginning of the use of tested kinds of toothpaste. Chromosomal damages were analyzed by micronucleus assay. RESULTS For just one kind of tested whitening toothpaste was observed the significant increase in the number of micronucleated cells after 60 days of use compared values obtained 60 days of usage of conventional non-whitening toothpaste (6.35 ± 3.67 and 2.8 ± 1.91; p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in other micronucleus assay endpoints between tested types of toothpaste at either of the sampling times during the period of toothpaste application. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of certain whitening kinds of toothpaste may cause a limited biologically insignificant genotoxic effect on buccal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Lidia Gavic
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Zeravica
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Klara Ugrin
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Nada Galic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Zeljezic
- Division for Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Camargo SEA, Milhan NVM, Saraiva FDO, Oliveira JRD, Oliveira LDD, Camargo CHR. Are Desensitizing Toothpastes Equally Biocompatible and Effective Against Microorganisms? Braz Dent J 2017; 28:604-611. [PMID: 29215686 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, antimicrobial activity of desensitizing toothpastes compared to a common one and the surface roughness of tooth enamel submitted to brushing with these toothpastes. Samples of three desensitizing toothpastes (Colgate Sensitive, Sensodyne and Oral B Sensitive) and common toothpaste (Colgate) were placed in contact with gingival human fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity and genotoxocity were measured by MTT assay and micronucleus test. Antimicrobial activity of the toothpastes extracts against C. albicans, S. mutans and S. aureus were assessed. For surface roughness evaluation, bovine teeth were submitted to 10.000 brushing cycles. The results were analyzed statically using Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA and Z tests (p<0.05). All toothpastes caused cytotoxic effect to the cells (p<0.05), except Colgate Sensitive. The toothpastes did not increase the number of micronuclei compared to the untreated control group. Colgate eliminated all the evaluated microorganisms at lower concentrations compared to Colgate Sensitive and Oral B Sensitive, which were not able to eliminate S. aureus. Sensodyne did not reach the minimum microbicidal concentration. The surface roughness of tooth enamel increased after brushing with Colgate Sensitive and Oral B Sensitive, however the comparison between groups showed no difference on the enamel surface roughness presented by desensitizing toothpastes when compared with the common one (p>0.05). Based on these results, we can conclude that although none toothpaste has induced genotoxicity, Colgate Sensitive was also not cytotoxic. Colgate was the most effective against the microorganisms, and there were no differences on the enamel surface roughness between the groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Noala Vicensoto Moreira Milhan
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira Saraiva
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Effects of Brazilian Propolis on Dental Plaque and Gingiva in Patients with Oral Cleft Malformation Treated with Multibracket and Removable Appliances: A Comparative Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2038407. [PMID: 27672397 PMCID: PMC5031880 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2038407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic appliances modify the local environment of the oral cavity, increase the accumulation of dental plaque, and affect the condition of the gingiva. The aim of this study is assessment of Brazilian propolis toothpaste's effect on plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) in patients with CL/CLP treated using orthodontic appliances in the 35-day study period. The study population included 96 patients of an Orthodontic Outpatient Clinic, ACSiMS in Bytom. All the patients participated in the active phase of orthodontic treatment using buccal multibracket appliances or removable appliances. During the first examination, each patient was randomly qualified to the propolis group or control group. A statistically significant decrease in GI and PLI in the entire propolis group (P < 0.01) was shown during repeated examination. Insignificant change in GI was in the entire control group during the repeated examination compared to the baseline. Similar result was obtained in patients treated with multibracket and removable appliances. The orthodontic appliance type did not affect the final dental plaque amount and gingival condition in patients using the propolis toothpaste. These results may be clinically useful to improve prevention and control oral infectious diseases during orthodontic treatment patients with oral cleft.
Collapse
|
32
|
Cantudo-Sanagustín E, Gutiérrez-Corrales A, Vigo-Martínez M, Serrera-Figallo MÁ, Torres-Lagares D, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL. Pathogenesis and clinicohistopathological caractheristics of melanoacanthoma: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e327-36. [PMID: 27398186 PMCID: PMC4930645 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The melanoacanthoma is a rare benign pigmented tumor, characterized by a fast radial growth and clinical behavior similar to melanoma. Color changes in oral mucosa and dermis are consequence of increased melanocyte activity as response to an irritant factor. There is a vast phenotypic variety. It is difficult to distinguish between a benign pigmented lesion and a melanoma at its early stage. Due to its clinical relevance is crucial to diagnose possible malignancy of the lesions. Objectives The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review of all published articles, as well as update and evaluate etiologic factors and clinicopathological features. Material and Methods We carried out a search in the Medline database (PubMed) using the key words “oral melanoacanthoma” AND “oral melanoacanthosis” AND “oral melanoepithelioma”. Inclusion criteria were all published articles since its discovery. Demographic data, histological features and immunohistochemical findings were extracted from the full articles. Results A total of 56 articles were analysed. 114 injuries drawn from these articles were studied, a total of 115 injuries with our contribution case. The 74.78% of authors claim a reactive pathogenesis. The average age of lesión appearance is 34.79 years, with an age range of 5-87 years. There is a predominance of the female sex in solitary phenotype 3: 2 and a ratio of women to men 5: 3 if it is multifocal phenotype. Bilateral phenotype is slight higher in women of 2: 1. Conclusions Histopathological analysis of the lesión is vital to diagnose malignancy. Therefore, any heterogeneous, pigmented lesion with irregular edges, raised surface, fast growth and abrupt appearance should be biopsied. More emphasis on the potential irritants should also be put to improve the quality of life of our patients and to reduce morbidity of melanoacanthoma, as well as, several similar clinical behavior disease. Key words:Melanoacanthoma, oral cáncer, diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Vigo-Martínez
- Medical Doctor. Diplomate in Dental Surgery. Lecture in Oral Medicine. University of Seville
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dentifrices for children differentially affect cell viability in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:453-461. [PMID: 27052616 PMCID: PMC5203830 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Child dentifrices vary in their composition, with possible differential impacts on cells in the oral soft tissue. While cytotoxicity studies have been performed on adult dentifrices, no respective studies have thus far been reported on child dentifrices. Material and methods Seventeen commercial dentifrices for children up to 12 years of age were evaluated with respect to their in vitro cytotoxicity on gingival fibroblasts, oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2 cells, and L929 mouse fibroblasts. Proliferation was analyzed and live-dead staining was performed. Results Ten child dentifrices greatly reduced cell viability with LC50 values below 5 %. Four dentifrices showed a moderate cytotoxicity with LC50 values between 5 and 20 %. Three child dentifrices showed almost no cytotoxicity with LC50 values above 95 %. The results of the assays for proliferation and live-dead staining supported these findings. Conclusions The different composition of the child dentifrices translated into a broad spectrum of in vitro cytotoxicity on cells of the oral cavity. Clinical relevance The in vitro data provide the scientific foundation for further in vivo research testing the clinical relevance of the present findings.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bruno M, Taddeo F, Medeiros IS, Boaro LCC, Moreira MSNA, Marques MM, Calheiros FC. Relationship between toothpastes properties and patient-reported discomfort: crossover study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:485-94. [PMID: 26228904 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to correlate patient-reported reactions with in vitro analyses of the pH, abrasive quality, and cytotoxicity of four toothpastes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-one patients received non-identified samples of toothpaste to be used for 6 days and answered a questionnaire about their sensations. In vitro analysis: the pH of toothpastes was measured with a pH meter. The abrasivity of toothpastes was evaluated against composite resin specimens (n = 10). A toothbrushing machine was used to simulate wear, which was indirectly measured by mass loss using a scale. Cell culture media conditioned with toothpaste were used to assess the cytotoxicity. Confluent cells were kept in contact with the conditioned media or control for 24 h. The cell viability was measured using the 3-(bromide, 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT)-reduction assay. The obtained data on the pH, weight loss, and cell viability were compared by ANOVA/Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS With the exception of the bleaching effect paste, the Oral B® paste produced the highest frequencies of irritation reports, tooth sensitivity, taste discomfort, and texture discomfort in the clinical study; patients also reported rougher teeth, soft tissue peeling, dry mouth, thrush, tingling, and taste changes in response to this paste. The in vitro analysis demonstrated that Oral B® had the lowest pH, the highest abrasivity, and produced the lowest cell viability (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Results suggest that low pH toothpastes that are highly abrasive and cytotoxic may cause undesirable reactions in patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Toothpaste's properties should be well known for indication to patient therefore minimizing discomfort reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bruno
- Master Degree Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Chácara Flora, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Taddeo
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Stella N A Moreira
- Master Degree Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Chácara Flora, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|