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Yin X, Wu Y, Song J. Investigating the causal relationship between human blood/urine metabolites and periodontal disease using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1895. [PMID: 38469110 PMCID: PMC10925816 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The aim is to investigate the cause-and-effect connection between metabolites found in blood/urine and the likelihood of developing periodontal disease (PD) through the utilization of a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods Using an inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and two additional two-sample MR models, we examined the relationship between blood/urine metabolites and PD by analyzing data from a comprehensive metabolome-based genome-wide association study and the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of PD. To assess the consistency and dependability of the findings, diversity, cross-effects, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results Out of the 35 metabolites found in blood and urine, a total of eight metabolites (C-reactive protein, Potassium in urine, Urea, Cystatin C, Non-albumin protein, Creatinine, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Phosphate) displayed a possible causal connection with the risk of dental caries/PD using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method (p < 0.05). This includes five metabolites in the blood and three in the urine. No metabolites were statistically significant in IVW MR models (p < 3.68 × 10- 4). Even after conducting sensitivity analysis with the leave-one-out method and removing the confounding instrumental variables, the impact of these factors on dental caries/PD remained significant. Conclusion Based on the available evidence, it is not possible to establish a significant causal link between the 35 blood metabolites and the likelihood of developing dental caries and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Yadong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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Nagarathinam AE, Dineshkumar T, Rajkumar K, Rameshkumar A, Shruthi TA, Alzahrani KJ, Alzahrani FM, Halawani IF, Patil S. Validation of Diagnostic Utility of Salivary Urea in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Chennai: A Cross-Sectional Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1868-1875. [PMID: 38158355 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_421_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum urea levels are essential for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as they are a measure of renal function. Salivary urea has been used as an alternative to serum urea in patients with CKD. AIM To estimate serum urea levels and their correlation with salivary urea levels in order to validate the use of saliva as an alternative diagnostic tool for renal dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty healthy individuals and 150 patients with CKD (30 from each CKD stage) were recruited for the study. Serum and salivary samples were collected to estimate the urea levels, and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in the mean serum and salivary urea levels were observed between the healthy and each stage of the CKD group; significance at P < 0.05 was observed within the stages of CKD as well. Correlation analysis also showed significant differences between the serum and salivary urea levels at each stage of the disease. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a higher area under the curve of 0.917 at a 95% confidence interval with a salivary urea cut-off of 28.25 mg/dl (sensitivity and specificity: 88% and 84%, respectively). CONCLUSION The variability in salivary urea levels in the early and late stages suggests the use of salivary urea in the late stages of CKD. It is suggested that salivary urea levels may be used as an alternative to serum to assess and monitor the progression of renal impairment along with other standard renal function markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Nagarathinam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram Campus, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Dineshkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram Campus, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Rajkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram Campus, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Rameshkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram Campus, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T A Shruthi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram Campus, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - F M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - I F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UTAH, USA
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Chuchueva N, Carta F, Nguyen HN, Luevano J, Lewis IA, Rios-Castillo I, Fanos V, King E, Swistushkin V, Reshetov I, Rusetsky Y, Shestakova K, Moskaleva N, Mariani C, Castillo-Carniglia A, Grapov D, Fahrmann J, La Frano MR, Puxeddu R, Appolonova SA, Brito A. Metabolomics of head and neck cancer in biofluids: an integrative systematic review. Metabolomics 2023; 19:77. [PMID: 37644353 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the fifth most common cancer globally. Diagnosis at early stages are critical to reduce mortality and improve functional and esthetic outcomes associated with HNC. Metabolomics is a promising approach for discovery of biomarkers and metabolic pathways for risk assessment and early detection of HNC. OBJECTIVES To summarize and consolidate the available evidence on metabolomics and HNC in plasma/serum, saliva, and urine. METHODS A systematic search of experimental research was executed using PubMed and Web of Science. Available data on areas under the curve was extracted. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis were performed to identify metabolic pathways altered in HNC. Fifty-four studies were eligible for data extraction (33 performed in plasma/serum, 15 in saliva and 6 in urine). RESULTS Metabolites with high discriminatory performance for detection of HNC included single metabolites and combination panels of several lysoPCs, pyroglutamate, glutamic acid, glucose, tartronic acid, arachidonic acid, norvaline, linoleic acid, propionate, acetone, acetate, choline, glutamate and others. The glucose-alanine cycle and the urea cycle were the most altered pathways in HNC, among other pathways (i.e. gluconeogenesis, glycine and serine metabolism, alanine metabolism, etc.). Specific metabolites that can potentially serve as complementary less- or non-invasive biomarkers, as well as metabolic pathways integrating the data from the available studies, are presented. CONCLUSION The present work highlights utility of metabolite-based biomarkers for risk assessment, early detection, and prognostication of HNC, as well as facilitates incorporation of available metabolomics studies into multi-omics data integration and big data analytics for personalized health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chuchueva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Central State Medical Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Filippo Carta
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Hoang N Nguyen
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jennifer Luevano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Isaiah A Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | | | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emma King
- Cancer Research Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, Poole Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Longfleet Road, Poole, UK
| | | | - Igor Reshetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Rusetsky
- Central State Medical Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Otorhinolaryngological Surgical Department With a Group of Head and Neck Diseases, National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Shestakova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Moskaleva
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Cinzia Mariani
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia
- Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies (nDP) and Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Cal Poly Metabolomics Service Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Roy J.Carver Metabolomics Core Facility, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Puxeddu
- King's College Hospital London, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Svetlana A Appolonova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Center of Forensic-Medical Expertise of Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alex Brito
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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parvaei P, eydzadeh M, Osmani F. Can the salivary urea and stimulated saliva concentration be a marker of periodontal diseases in opioid users? A case-control study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17093. [PMID: 37539234 PMCID: PMC10394901 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction & Aim: Microbial plaque is the primary cause of periodontal diseases, and smoking and opioid addiction can accelerate microbial plaque formation and disease progression. Adequate saliva flow and salivary urea concentration are important parameters for a healthy periodontium. In this study, the relationship between Periodontal Diseases and the History of opioid addiction was investigated by measuring the Salivary Urea and Stimulated Saliva Concentration. Materials & methods This case-control study was conducted on 240 patients (120 cases and 120 controls) in 2021 referred to addiction treatment centers and the dental clinic in Iran, Birjand. The control and case groups were matched in terms of age. Demographic, base data, and clinical examination results were collected by a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests. P-value <0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results Periodontitis severity was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P-value = 0/000). Salivary urea concentration significantly increased in both case and control groups with an increase in periodontitis severity (P-value = 0/003 in the case group and P-value = 0/000 in the control group), but there was no significant relationship between the stimulated saliva flow rate and the severity of periodontitis in these two groups (P-value>0.05). Conclusion Following the use of opioids, the flow of saliva decreases, and with the exacerbation of the periodontal disease, the concentration of urea in saliva increases. Therefore, it seems that the analysis of saliva parameters, including urea concentration, can be useful for the diagnosis of periodontal disease, and saliva urea concentration is not directly related to opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin parvaei
- Dentistry Clinical Research Development Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marzie eydzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Freshteh Osmani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Franco-Martínez L, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Tvarijonaviciute A. Effects of filtration and alpha-amylase depletion on salivary biochemical composition measurements. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286092. [PMID: 37235564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of filtration (F) and alpha-amylase depletion (AD) were assessed in n = 34 saliva samples. Each saliva sample was split into three aliquots and treated as follows: (1) no treatment; (2) 0.45μm commercial filter; and (3) 0.45μm commercial filter and affinity depletion of alpha-amylase. Then, a panel of biochemical biomarkers consisting of amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid was measured. Differences between the different aliquots were observed in all measured analytes. The most marked changes were found in triglycerides and lipase data for filtered samples, and in alpha-amylase, uric acid, triglycerides, creatinine, and calcium results in alpha-amylase-depleted aliquots. In conclusion, the salivary filtration and amylase depletion methods employed in this report caused significant changes in saliva composition measurements. Based on these results, it would be recommended to consider the possible effects of these treatments in salivary biomarkers when filtration or amylase depletion is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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D'souza LL, Lawande SA, Samuel J, Wiseman Pinto MJ. Effect of salivary urea, pH and ureolytic microflora on dental calculus formation and its correlation with periodontal status. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:8-12. [PMID: 36345494 PMCID: PMC9636048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Dental calculus, formed by mineralization of plaque predisposes to the development of periodontal disease. Aim To evaluate the influence of salivary urea and the presence of ureolytic bacteria on dental calculus formation and periodontal status in patients with good, fair and poor oral hygiene. Material and methods An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on 135 patients, 18–60 years of age. Based on the simplified calculus index, patients were divided into three groups, good oral hygiene, fair oral hygiene and poor oral hygiene. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment level and salivary pH were recorded for each subject. Saliva samples were collected to evaluate the urea levels using autoanalyzer method. Supragingival calculus samples were collected and presence and quantification of ureolytic bacteria were done by gram staining and bacterial culture and confirmed by biochemical reaction. For statistical analysis, test like Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman's rho were used. Results Increase in salivary pH was associated with increased odds of higher calculus index score (odds ratio = 2.785). There was a non-significant weak correlation between salivary urea and ureolytic bacteria in dental calculus in all the three groups (p > 0.05). Higher calculus index score was associated with increased odds of presence of ureolytic bacteria (odds ratio>1). Conclusions Higher level of ureolytic bacteria with increasing calculus index score may breakdown the salivary urea to ammonia resulting in a ureolytic pH rise that facilitate calcium phosphate saturation leading to more calculus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberia L D'souza
- Department of Periodontics, Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Sandeep A Lawande
- Department of Periodontics, Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - James Samuel
- Department of Periodontics, Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
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Parsegian K, Randall D, Curtis M, Ioannidou E. Association between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:114-124. [PMID: 35244955 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease are chronic conditions with high community prevalence across the world. Patients with chronic kidney disease have been noted to have a high burden of periodontitis, and several shared risk factors have been associated with the prevalence and severity of both conditions. However, the precise relationship between the two conditions, and the extent to which each may contribute to the development of the other, remains a matter of debate. The goals of the present work were to: (a) provide the most current and relevant literature overview of the association between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease; (b) explore mechanisms underlying this association; and (c) determine if evidence exists for an independent association between these conditions. We also assessed whether improved oral hygiene and periodontal treatment could reduce the risk of developing chronic kidney disease and, if so, what protocols these strategies involve. Finally, we aimed to reveal gaps in our current knowledge to delineate the directions of future research. Although the exact relationship between these two conditions has not yet been defined, we highlight the importance of the interprofessional interaction between dental practitioners and the nephrology team and the importance of oral health assessment in the management of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karo Parsegian
- Department of Surgical Dentistry, Division of Periodontics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David Randall
- William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mike Curtis
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Effie Ioannidou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Periodontology, Dental Clinical Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Beshay M, Rhee CM, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Novel monitoring of renal function and medication levels in saliva and capillary blood of patients with kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:100-108. [PMID: 34772839 PMCID: PMC8684380 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Serum creatinine, urea, and cystatin C are the main biomarkers used to estimate glomerular filtration rates in persons with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Frequent measurements of these assays are needed to identify patients with earlier stages of CKD, detect episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and monitor for CKD progression. However, the cumbersome, time-consuming nature of conventional laboratory-based kidney function assays limit more frequent monitoring and greater patient self-management. RECENT FINDINGS Noninvasive salivary assessments of creatinine, cystatin C, and urea make it feasible to conduct frequent monitoring of kidney function in point-of-care settings, as well as in nonclinical-care settings such as at home. Additionally, fingerstick sampling can offer an alternative route of blood testing that is suitable for home-based assessments. In this review, we provide an overview of emerging data on various salivary vs. fingerstick blood assessment methods for kidney function; their accuracy in comparison to 'gold-standard' laboratory-based methods; and their respective strengths and limitations in the clinical setting. SUMMARY A practical, cost-effective, minimally invasive, multimarker assessment platform has the potential to circumvent the limitation of conventional laboratory blood-based testing approaches, and thereby address a major unmet need in the management of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Connie M Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
- Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
- Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, USA
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Rocha LCB, Nunes-Dos-Santos DL, Costa EM, Gomes SV, Rodrigues VP, Pereira ALA. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Chronic Oral Disease Burden and Serum Biomarkers in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Prog Transplant 2021; 32:49-54. [PMID: 34851215 DOI: 10.1177/15269248211064889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor oral health can negatively affect general health and quality of life of kidney transplant recipients. The study aimed to investigate the association between chronic oral disease burden, serum biomarkers, and comorbidities in kidney transplant recipients. DESIGN A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with 44 patients after kidney transplant. The burden of chronic oral disease was composed of the following observable variables: moderate periodontitis and presence of dental caries. Serum biomarkers and comorbidities data were collected. The chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables were used. Robust Poisson regression was used to model the association. RESULTS Higher levels of mean uric acid (P = .01) and creatinine (P = .03) were observed in the group of patients with oral disease burden, while the highest level of high-density lipoprotein was observed in the group without oral disease. Higher values of uric acid were associated with the occurrence of chronic oral disease burden (Adjusted PR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.48, P = .019). There was no statistical difference between the groups with and without oral disease burden in comorbidities present. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that chronic oral diseases burden can be associated with uric acid and creatinine levels in kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danila Lorena Nunes-Dos-Santos
- University Hospital, 37892Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.,37892Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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Dynamics of salivary markers of kidney functions in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21260. [PMID: 33277585 PMCID: PMC7719178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva can be used as an alternative diagnostic fluid enabling easy and non-invasive disease monitoring. Urea and creatinine can be measured in saliva and both were shown to be increased in renal failure. However, the dynamics of these markers during the development of kidney diseases is unknown. We aimed to describe the dynamics of salivary urea and creatinine in various animal models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients with different stages AKI or CKD. Ninety Wistar rats underwent bilateral nephrectomy (BNX), ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) or glycerol-induced kidney injury to model AKI. CKD was modelled using 5/6 nephrectomy. In the clinical part 57 children aged 12.6 ± 4.9 years with AKI (n = 11) or CKD (n = 46) and 29 healthy controls (aged 10.2 ± 3.7 years) were enrolled. Saliva and blood samples were collected in both, animal experiments and the human study. In animal models of AKI, plasma urea and creatinine were higher than in controls. An increase of salivary urea and creatinine (twofold) was observed in BNX and IRI, but only after 12 h and 24 h, respectively. In glycerol nephropathy and 5/6 nephrectomy, salivary urea increased (by 100% and by 50%), while salivary creatinine did not change during the observation period. Salivary urea and creatinine were significantly higher in all patients compared to controls (threefold) and in both, AKI and CKD they were associated with the severity of renal failure. Plasma and salivary concentrations correlated only in children with renal failure (R = 0.72 for urea; R = 0.93 for creatinine), but not in controls (R = -0.007 for urea; R = 0.02 for creatinine). Our study indicates that during the development of renal impairment saliva could be used for non-invasive monitoring in higher stages of AKI or CKD, rather than for screening of early stages of kidney diseases.
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Li H, Sun T, Liu C, Cao Y, Liu X. Photobiomodulation (450 nm) alters the infection of periodontitis bacteria via the ROS/MAPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:838-853. [PMID: 32014500 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on periodontitis. A periodontitis model was established via Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in beagles. Mandibular second and third premolars were removed, and implants were positioned immediately after tooth extraction. Left gingiva was irradiated with PBM (450 nm) as the LG group, and right side without irradiation was regarded as the CG (control) group. PBM treatment increased oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO• and O2•-) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). PBM therapy increased salivary levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), interleukin (IL)-10, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (p < 0.05). All the results contributed to preventing periodontitis infection. PBM therapy improved bone mineral density and implant osseointegration by controlling dominant pathogens invasion via the upregulation of salivary anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defense by affecting ROS/RNS/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Timková S, Klamárová T, Kovaľová E, Novák B, Kolarčik P, Madarasová Gecková A. Health Literacy Associations with Periodontal Disease among Slovak Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062152. [PMID: 32213865 PMCID: PMC7143350 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is inflammation of the gums and without good oral hygiene, it can progress to periodontitis. Oral hygiene might be related to a patient’s health literacy (HL), defined as ability to gain access, understand, and use information to promote and maintain good health. The aim of our study is to examine the associations of HL with indicators of periodontal disease. A cross-sectional study on 1117 adults (36.2% males; mean age = 36.4, SD = 14.2) attending dental hygiene treatment was conducted. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, and nine domains of HL (Health Literacy Questionnaire, HLQ) were collected by questionnaire, and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) was established by the dental hygienist. Data were analysed using t-tests and logistic regression. Respondents with periodontal disease (N = 152) had statistically significantly lower levels of HL in seven out of nine HLQ domains compared to intact patients (N = 818) (t from 3.03 to 4.75, p < 0.01). Association of higher HL in seven domains with lower chance of diagnosed periodontal disease remain significant even after adjustment for age, gender and educational attainment (adjusted ORs 0.55–0.67, p < 0.05). Our findings confirm that an individual’s lower HL is significantly associated with higher chance of periodontal disease incidence, specifically among Slovak adults attending oral hygiene clinics. HL might be a promising factor in the improvement of oral health in this population, worthy of consideration in intervention and preventive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Timková
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafarik University, 04011 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Tatiana Klamárová
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (T.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Eva Kovaľová
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (T.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Bohuslav Novák
- Department of Stomatology and Maxilofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kolarčik
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 04011 Košice, Slovakia;
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute—OUSHI, Palacký University, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-55-234-3264
| | - Andrea Madarasová Gecková
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 04011 Košice, Slovakia;
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute—OUSHI, Palacký University, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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