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Liu C, Xia Y, Chen J, Huang K, Wang J, Wang C, Huang Z, Wang X, Rao C, Shi M. Research and Application Progress of Vegetation Porous Concrete. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7039. [PMID: 37959636 PMCID: PMC10648801 DOI: 10.3390/ma16217039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation porous concrete is a novel material that integrates concrete technology with plant growth, offering excellent engineering applicability and environmental friendliness. This material is mainly utilized in eco-engineering projects such as riverbank protection, architectural greening, and slope protection along roads. This paper systematically reviews the current research progress of vegetation porous concrete by collecting and analyzing the relevant literature from both domestic and international sources. It covers several aspects including the material components of vegetation porous concrete, such as aggregates, cementitious materials, chemical admixtures, and plant species, as well as aspects like mix design, workability, porosity, pH value, mechanical strength, and vegetative performance. Furthermore, the application of vegetation porous concrete in riverbank protection, slope protection along highways, and urban architecture is discussed, along with a prospective outlook on future research directions for vegetation porous concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Yellow River Laboratory, Underground Engineering Research Institute, School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Yellow River Laboratory, Underground Engineering Research Institute, School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (K.H.); (Z.H.); (X.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Kai Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (K.H.); (Z.H.); (X.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Underground Engineering Research Institute, School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (M.S.)
- Research Center for Embankment Safety and Disaster Prevention Engineering Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Underground Engineering Research Institute, School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Zhuojie Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (K.H.); (Z.H.); (X.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Xunhuai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (K.H.); (Z.H.); (X.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Cong Rao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (K.H.); (Z.H.); (X.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Mingsheng Shi
- Yellow River Laboratory, Underground Engineering Research Institute, School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (M.S.)
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Bruner SG, Palmer MI, Griffin KL, Naeem S. Planting design influences green infrastructure performance: Plant species identity and complementarity in rain gardens. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2902. [PMID: 37345972 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Green infrastructure's capacity to mitigate urban environmental problems, like heat island effects and excessive stormwater runoff, is partially governed by its plant community. Traditionally, green infrastructure design has focused on engineered aspects, such as substrate and drainage, rather than on the properties of its living components. Since the functioning of these plant assemblages is controlled by ecophysiological processes that differ by species, the identity and relative abundance of the species used will influence green infrastructure performance. We used trait-based modeling to derive principles for the effective composition of green infrastructure plant assemblages, parameterizing our model using the vegetation and ecophysiological traits of the species within New York City rain gardens. Focusing on two plant traits that influence rain garden performance, leaf surface temperature and stomatal conductance, we simulated the cumulative temperature and transpiration for plant communities of differing species composition and diversity. The outcomes of the model demonstrate that plant species composition, species identity, selection effects, and interspecific complementarity increase green infrastructure performance in much the way biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning in natural systems. More diverse assemblages resulted in more consistent transpiration and surface temperatures, with the former showing a positive, saturating curve as diversity increased. While the dominant factors governing individual species leaf temperature were abiotic, transpiration was more influential at the community level, suggesting that plants within diverse communities may be cooler in aggregate than any individual species on its own. This implies green infrastructure should employ a variety of vegetation; particularly plants with different statures and physical attributes, such as low-growing ground covers, erect herbaceous perennials, and shrubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Bruner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew I Palmer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Zhang L, Kim C. Computer Vision Interaction Design in Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study of Roof Garden Landscape Plants in Marine Cities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3320. [PMID: 37765483 PMCID: PMC10534395 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The rapid urbanization and the increasing need for sustainable development have led to the emergence of green roof landscapes in ocean cities. These rooftop gardens provide numerous environmental benefits and contribute to the overall well-being of urban dwellers. However, optimizing the design and interaction experience of green roof landscapes requires the integration of intelligent technologies. This paper explores the application of computer visual design techniques, specifically 3DMAX modeling and virtual reality, in the intelligent interaction design of green roof landscape plants in ocean cities. Designers can use computer visual design (3DMAX) and other technologies to interact intelligently with the roof landscape in order to improve landscape design. Through case studies, this indicated that computer vision is excellent for image processing of rooftop landscapes and also demonstrates a high degree of compatibility between computer vision and green rooftop landscape plant design in marine cities. This paper highlights the significance of intelligent interaction design and computer visual design techniques in optimizing the integration of green roof landscape plants in ocean cities. It emphasizes the potential of 3DMAX modeling and VR technology in creating immersive and engaging experiences for designers, users, and stakeholders alike. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field of sustainable urban development and provide insights for designers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance green roof landscapes in ocean cities. The dissertation highlights the potential of using computer vision design techniques to enhance the roof garden landscaping process and advocates for more efficient and effective ways to design, visualize, and improve rooftop gardens by utilizing software equipped with computer vision technology such as 3DMAX, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable urban landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- Department of Marine Design Convergence Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulsoo Kim
- Department of Industrial Design, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Rojas-Botero S, Teixeira LH, Kollmann J. Low precipitation due to climate change consistently reduces multifunctionality of urban grasslands in mesocosms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0275044. [PMID: 36735650 PMCID: PMC9897532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban grasslands are crucial for biodiversity and ecosystem services in cities, while little is known about their multifunctionality under climate change. Thus, we investigated the effects of simulated climate change, i.e., increased [CO2] and temperature, and reduced precipitation, on individual functions and overall multifunctionality in mesocosm grasslands sown with forbs and grasses in four different proportions aiming at mimicking road verge grassland patches. Climate change scenarios RCP2.6 (control) and RCP8.5 (worst-case) were simulated in walk-in climate chambers of an ecotron facility, and watering was manipulated for normal vs. reduced precipitation. We measured eight indicator variables of ecosystem functions based on below- and aboveground characteristics. The young grassland communities responded to higher [CO2] and warmer conditions with increased vegetation cover, height, flower production, and soil respiration. Lower precipitation affected carbon cycling in the ecosystem by reducing biomass production and soil respiration. In turn, the water regulation capacity of the grasslands depended on precipitation interacting with climate change scenario, given the enhanced water efficiency resulting from increased [CO2] under RCP8.5. Multifunctionality was negatively affected by reduced precipitation, especially under RCP2.6. Trade-offs arose among single functions that performed best in either grass- or forb-dominated grasslands. Grasslands with an even ratio of plant functional types coped better with climate change and thus are good options for increasing the benefits of urban green infrastructure. Overall, the study provides experimental evidence of the effects of climate change on the functionality of urban ecosystems. Designing the composition of urban grasslands based on ecological theory may increase their resilience to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rojas-Botero
- Chair of Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonardo H. Teixeira
- Chair of Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Chair of Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
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Heim A, Lundholm J. Changes in plant community composition and functional plant traits over a four-year period on an extensive green roof. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114154. [PMID: 34864420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructed ecosystems like green roofs are increasingly deployed in cities to mitigate issues associated with urbanization. To minimize the cost of green roof infrastructure, shallow growing media (substrate) for plants is often employed. Spatial heterogeneity in substrate depth has also been hypothesized to allow greater plant species diversity without adding to the weight. Stress and competition can change green roof plant communities after initial planting, but little is known about the long-term effects of spatial heterogeneity on vegetation composition and functional characteristics. Our goal was to determine how green roof plant communities and, in turn, functional plant traits, change over time in response to environmental stress and substrate heterogeneity. This four-year experiment used four substrate depth treatments: three with homogenous substrate depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, and one treatment with a heterogenous substrate depth that varied between 5 cm and 15 cm (5/15 cm). The volume of the substrate in the 10 cm treatment and 5/15 cm treatment was equal. By the end of this four-year experiment, variation occurred between treatments for community composition and functional diversity, with the greatest species richness observed in the least stressful treatment (15 cm) and the greatest functional diversity and evenness observed in the most stressful treatment (5 cm). Additionally, each treatment had lower functional diversity after four years compared to the initially planted community. When the heterogenous 5/15 cm treatment was compared to the homogenous 10 cm treatment, there were no differences in the number of plant species, but the treatments contained two distinct plant communities. Furthermore, the 5/15 cm treatment supported taller species, a trait value associated with reduced stormwater runoff and substrate temperature. This finding indicates that creating green roofs with a heterogenous substrate depth could improve overall green roof function without increasing roof weight. Substrate depth can be manipulated by green roof designers to alter vegetation characteristics, but species and functional diversity showed opposite trends along the depth gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Heim
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Cadotte MW, Potgieter LJ, Wang CJ, MacIvor JS. Invasion theory as a management tool for increasing native biodiversity in urban ecosystems. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - Luke J. Potgieter
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - Chih Julie Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Scott MacIvor
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
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Lönnqvist J, Hanslin HM, Johannessen BG, Muthanna TM, Viklander M, Blecken G. Temperatures and precipitation affect vegetation dynamics on Scandinavian extensive green roofs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:837-849. [PMID: 33306146 PMCID: PMC8149340 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Standard succulent vegetation mixes developed mostly in temperate climates are being increasingly used on green roofs in different climate zones with uncertain outcome regarding vegetation survival and cover. We investigated vegetation on green roofs at nine temperate, cold, and/or wet locations in Norway and Sweden covering wide ranges of latitude, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, frequencies of freeze-thaw cycles, and longest annual dry period. The vegetation on the roofs were surveyed in two consecutive years, and weather data were compiled from meteorological databases. At all sites we detected a significant decline in species compared to originally intended (planted/sown) species. Both the survival rate and cover of the intended vegetation were positively related to the mean annual temperature. Contrary to a hypothesis, we found that intended vegetation cover was negatively rather than positively related to mean annual precipitation. Conversely, the unintended (spontaneous) vegetation was favoured by high mean annual precipitation and low mean annual temperature, possibly by enabling it to colonize bare patches and outcompete the intended vegetation. When there is high mortality and variation in cover of the intended vegetation, predicting the strength of ecosystem services the vegetation provides on green roofs is difficult. The results highlight the needs for further investigation on species traits and the local factors driving extinction and colonizations in order to improve survivability and ensure a dense vegetation throughout the successional stages of a green roof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Lönnqvist
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Hans Martin Hanslin
- Department of Urban Greening and Vegetation Ecology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Birgitte Gisvold Johannessen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone Merete Muthanna
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Viklander
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Godecke Blecken
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Stange M, Barrett RDH, Hendry AP. The importance of genomic variation for biodiversity, ecosystems and people. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 22:89-105. [PMID: 33067582 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-00288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 United Nations Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services estimated that approximately 1 million species are at risk of extinction. This primarily human-driven loss of biodiversity has unprecedented negative consequences for ecosystems and people. Classic and emerging approaches in genetics and genomics have the potential to dramatically improve these outcomes. In particular, the study of interactions among genetic loci within and between species will play a critical role in understanding the adaptive potential of species and communities, and hence their direct and indirect effects on biodiversity, ecosystems and people. We explore these population and community genomic contexts in the hope of finding solutions for maintaining and improving ecosystem services and nature's contributions to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Stange
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Chang CC, DiGiovanni K, Mei Y. Sustainability. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1129-1149. [PMID: 31433901 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review on Sustainability covers selected 2018 publications on the focus of sustainability. It is divided into the following sections: (a) Water quantity; (b) Water quality; (c) Climate change and resilience; (d) Planning and ecosystem evaluation; (e) Life cycle assessment (LCA) applications; (f) Sustainable management; (g) Sustainability and asset management; (h) Sustainability in wastewater treatment; (i) Sustainable water and wastewater utilities; (j) Sustainable water resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chein-Chi Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
- Department of Engineering and Technical Services, D C Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Ying Mei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
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Rodak CM, Moore TL, David R, Jayakaran AD, Vogel JR. Urban stormwater characterization, control, and treatment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1034-1060. [PMID: 31243836 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes over 250 studies published in 2018 related to the characterization, control, and management of urban stormwater runoff. The review covers three broad themes: (a) quantity and quality characterization of stormwater, (b) control and treatment of stormwater runoff, and (c) implementation and assessment of watershed-scale green stormwater infrastructure (GSI). Each section provides an overview of the 2018 literature, common themes, and future work. Several themes emerged from the 2018 literature including exploration of contaminants of emerging concern within stormwater systems, characterization and incorporation of vegetation-driven dynamics in stormwater control measures, and the need for interdisciplinary perspectives on the implementation and assessment of GSI. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Over 250 studies were published in 2018 related to the characterization, control, and treatment of stormwater. Studies cover general stormwater characteristics, control and treatment systems, and watershed-scale assessments. Trends in 2018 include treatment trains, vegetation dynamics, and interdisciplinary perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Rodak
- Civil Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, New York
| | - Trisha L Moore
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Ray David
- Greeley and Hansen, San Francisco, California
| | - Anand D Jayakaran
- Washington Stormwater Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington
| | - Jason R Vogel
- Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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Abstract
Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) is a low-maintenance turfgrass. The first extensive green roof of centipedegrass was established in TongZhou Civil Squares in 2014. However, storm-water-runoff reduction, water-retention capacity, and plant-water requirements by a centipedegrass green roof has not yet been defined. The soil moisture dynamics, rainwater-retention capacity, runoff reduction, and plant evapotranspiration were investigated by simulated centipedegrass green roof plots, which were constructed in the same manner as the green roofs in TongZhou Civil Squares in 2018. The results showed that the centipedegrass green roof retained 705.54 mm of rainwater, which consisted 47.4% of runoff reduction. The saturated soil moisture was 33.4 ± 0.6%; the excess rainfall over the saturated soil moisture resulted in runoff. The capacity of rainwater retention was negatively related to the soil moisture before rain events and was driven by plant evapotranspiration. Drought symptoms only occurred three times over the course of a year when the soil moisture dropped down to 10.97%. Our results indicate that the rainwater retained in the soil almost met the needs of plant consumption; a further increase of rainwater retention capacity might achieve an irrigation-free design in a centipedegrass green roof.
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