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Guo J, He J, Liang Z, Huang S, Wen F. Birds as reservoirs: unraveling the global spread of Gamma- and Deltacoronaviruses. mBio 2024:e0232424. [PMID: 39230281 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02324-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian migration is a global phenomenon that transcends geographical boundaries. These migratory birds serve as unwitting carriers of diverse Gammacoronaviruses (γ-CoVs) and Deltacoronaviruses (δ-CoVs). While recombination events have been documented among γ-CoVs in avian species and β-CoVs in mammals, evidence for recombination between CoVs of distinct genera remains limited. This minireview examines the prevalence of CoVs in both domestic waterfowl (ducks and geese) and wild bird populations inhabiting various regions. We investigate the dissemination patterns of γ-CoVs and δ-CoVs among these populations, highlighting their shared characteristics. Furthermore, the review explores the intricate web of cross-species transmission of δ-CoVs from wild birds to mammals, with a particular focus on pigs. Understanding the distinct features of CoVs harbored by waterfowl and wild birds and their potential for cross-species transmission is crucial for preparedness and response to future CoV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Guo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieheng He
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoping Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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2
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Park YJ, Liu C, Lee J, Brown JT, Ma CB, Liu P, Xiong Q, Stewart C, Addetia A, Craig CJ, Tortorici MA, Alshukari A, Starr T, Yan H, Veesler D. Molecular basis of convergent evolution of ACE2 receptor utilization among HKU5 coronaviruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.28.608351. [PMID: 39253417 PMCID: PMC11383307 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.28.608351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
DPP4 was considered a canonical receptor for merbecoviruses until the recent discovery of African bat-borne MERS-related coronaviruses using ACE2. The extent and diversity with which merbecoviruses engage ACE2 and their receptor species tropism remain unknown. Here, we reveal that HKU5 enters host cells utilizing Pipistrellus abramus (P.abr) and several non-bat mammalian ACE2s through a binding mode distinct from that of any other known ACE2-using coronaviruses. These results show that several merbecovirus clades independently evolved ACE2 utilization, which appears to be a broadly shared property among these pathogens, through an extraordinary diversity of ACE2 recognition modes. We show that MERS-CoV and HKU5 have markedly distinct antigenicity, due to extensive genetic divergence, and identified several HKU5 inhibitors, including two clinical compounds. Our findings profoundly alter our understanding of coronavirus evolution and pave the way for developing countermeasures against viruses poised for human emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jimin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jack T Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chen-Bao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Caroline J Craig
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Abeer Alshukari
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tyler Starr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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3
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Wang X, Chen Y, Qi C, Li F, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wu H, Zhang T, Qi A, Ouyang H, Xie Z, Pang D. Mechanism, structural and functional insights into nidovirus-induced double-membrane vesicles. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340332. [PMID: 38919631 PMCID: PMC11196420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
During infection, positive-stranded RNA causes a rearrangement of the host cell membrane, resulting in specialized membrane structure formation aiding viral genome replication. Double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), typical structures produced by virus-induced membrane rearrangements, are platforms for viral replication. Nidoviruses, one of the most complex positive-strand RNA viruses, have the ability to infect not only mammals and a few birds but also invertebrates. Nidoviruses possess a distinctive replication mechanism, wherein their nonstructural proteins (nsps) play a crucial role in DMV biogenesis. With the participation of host factors related to autophagy and lipid synthesis pathways, several viral nsps hijack the membrane rearrangement process of host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and other organelles to induce DMV formation. An understanding of the mechanisms of DMV formation and its structure and function in the infectious cycle of nidovirus may be essential for the development of new and effective antiviral strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yiwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Heyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Aosi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing, China
- Center for Animal Science and Technology Research, Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Zicong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing, China
- Center for Animal Science and Technology Research, Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
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4
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Jiang Y, Zhang G, Li L, Wang M, Chen J, Hao P, Gao Z, Hao J, Li C, Jin N. Transcriptomic Analysis of PDCoV-Infected HIEC-6 Cells and Enrichment Pathways PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK. Viruses 2024; 16:579. [PMID: 38675921 PMCID: PMC11054366 DOI: 10.3390/v16040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly identified coronavirus that causes severe intestinal lesions in piglets. However, the understanding of how PDCoV interacts with human hosts is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the interactions between PDCoV and human intestinal cells (HIEC-6) by analyzing the transcriptome at different time points post-infection (12 h, 24 h, 48 h). Differential gene analysis revealed a total of 3560, 5193, and 4147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively. The common genes among the DEGs at all three time points were enriched in biological processes related to cytokine production, extracellular matrix, and cytokine activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of genes involved in the p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Further analysis of highly expressed genes among the DEGs identified significant changes in the expression levels of BUB1, DDIT4, ATF3, GBP2, and IRF1. Comparison of transcriptome data at 24 h with other time points revealed 298 DEGs out of a total of 6276 genes. KEGG analysis of these DEGs showed significant enrichment of pathways related to viral infection, specifically the PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK pathways. Furthermore, the genes EFNA1 and KITLG, which are associated with viral infection, were found in both enriched pathways, suggesting their potential as therapeutic or preventive targets for PDCoV infection. The enhancement of PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 was observed upon inhibition of the PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK signaling pathways using sophoridine. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 cells and provide insights for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (J.H.)
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Maopeng Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zihan Gao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jiayi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (J.H.)
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Chang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (J.H.)
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (J.H.)
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (P.H.); (Z.G.)
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5
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Jiang S, Zhang S, Kang X, Feng Y, Li Y, Nie M, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao S, Jiang T, Li J. Risk Assessment of the Possible Intermediate Host Role of Pigs for Coronaviruses with a Deep Learning Predictor. Viruses 2023; 15:1556. [PMID: 37515242 PMCID: PMC10384923 DOI: 10.3390/v15071556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine coronaviruses (CoVs) have been found to cause infection in humans, suggesting that Suiformes might be potential intermediate hosts in CoV transmission from their natural hosts to humans. The present study aims to establish convolutional neural network (CNN) models to predict host adaptation of swine CoVs. Decomposing of each ORF1ab and Spike sequence was performed with dinucleotide composition representation (DCR) and other traits. The relationship between CoVs from different adaptive hosts was analyzed by unsupervised learning, and CNN models based on DCR of ORF1ab and Spike were built to predict the host adaptation of swine CoVs. The rationality of the models was verified with phylogenetic analysis. Unsupervised learning showed that there is a multiple host adaptation of different swine CoVs. According to the adaptation prediction of CNN models, swine acute diarrhea syndrome CoV (SADS-CoV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are adapted to Chiroptera, swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is adapted to Carnivora, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHEV) might be adapted to Primate, Rodent, and Lagomorpha, and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) might be adapted to Chiroptera, Artiodactyla, and Carnivora. In summary, the DCR trait has been confirmed to be representative for the CoV genome, and the DCR-based deep learning model works well to assess the adaptation of swine CoVs to other mammals. Suiformes might be intermediate hosts for human CoVs and other mammalian CoVs. The present study provides a novel approach to assess the risk of adaptation and transmission to humans and other mammals of swine CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Jiang
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoping Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ye Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yadan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Maoshun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yuchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shishun Zhao
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
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6
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Chen R, Wen Y, Yu E, Yang J, Liang Y, Song D, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Yan Q, Han X, Cao S, Huang X. Identification of an immunodominant neutralizing epitope of porcine Deltacoronavirus spike protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125190. [PMID: 37276902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that, because of its broad host range, poses a potential threat to public health. Here, to identify the neutralizing B-cell epitopes within the S1-CTD protein, we generated three anti-PDCoV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Of these, the antibody designated 4E-3 effectively neutralized PDCoV with an IC50 of 3.155 μg/mL. mAb 4E-3 and one other, mAb 2A-12, recognized different linear B-cell epitopes. The minimal fragment recognized by mAb 4E-3 was mapped to 280FYSDPKSAV288 and designated S280-288, the minimal fragment recognized by mAb 2A-12 was mapped to 506TENNRFTT513, and designated S506-513. Subsequently, alanine (A)-scanning mutagenesis indicated that Asp283, Lys285, and Val288 were the critical residues recognized by mAb 4E-3. The S280-288 epitope induces PDCoV specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, demonstrating that it is a neutralizing epitope. Of note, the S280-288 coupled to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) produces PDCoV neutralizing antibodies in vitro and in vivo, in challenged piglets it potentiates interferon-γ responses and provides partial protection against disease. This is the first report about the PDCoV S protein neutralizing epitope, which will contribute to research of PDCoV-related pathogenic mechanism, vaccine design and antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yimin Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Enbo Yu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junpeng Yang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yixiao Liang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Daili Song
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Wang Z, Qu K, Li J, Wang Y, Wang L, Yu Y. Prevalence and potential risk factors of PDCoV in pigs based on publications during 2015-2021 in China: Comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106118. [PMID: 37062492 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a novel coronavirus which infects pigs, spreading around the world and causing huge economic losses. In recent years, there have also been human cases of PDCoV infection, which poses a potential threat to public health. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of PDCoV in pigs in China between 2015 and 2021. The prevalence of PDCoV in China was searched from five databases (CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed and ScienceDirect) and 65 articles met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 25,977 samples, including 3828 positive cases. The overall prevalence of PDCoV was 13.61% (3828/25,977), with the highest prevalence in northern China (19.18%) and the lowest prevalence in southwest China (7.19%). We also analyzed other subgroup information, such as sampling years, test methods, age and geographic factors. The results show that PDCoV is endemic in China and climate may be a potential risk factor for PDCoV infection. It is suggested that appropriate measures should be taken in different climatic areas to reduce local PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China; Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Kuo Qu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China.
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China.
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8
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Lu SJ, Ma MY, Yan XG, Zhao FJ, Hu WY, Ding QW, Ren HJ, Xiang YQ, Zheng LL. Development and application of a low-priced duplex quantitative PCR assay based on SYBR Green I for the simultaneous detection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine sapelovirus. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:106-115. [PMID: 37981902 PMCID: PMC10581527 DOI: 10.17221/79/2022-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine sapelovirus (PSV) are two viruses that can cause diarrhoea in pigs and bring great economic loss to the pig industry. In this research, a duplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on SYBR Green I was developed to simultaneously detect PDCoV and PSV. No specific melting peaks were found in other porcine diarrhoea-associated viruses, indicating that the method developed in this study had good specificity. The detection limits of PDCoV and PSV were 1.0 × 101 copies μl-1 and 1.0 × 102 copies μl-1, respectively. The duplex real-time qPCR assay tested two hundred and three (203) intestinal and faecal samples collected from diarrhoeal and asymptomatic pigs. The positive rates of PDCoV and PSV were 20.2% and 23.2%, respectively. The co-infection rate of PDCoV and PSV was 13.8%. To evaluate the accuracy of the developed method, conventional PCR and singular TaqMan real-time qPCR assays for PDCoV/PSV were also used to detect the samples. The results showed that the duplex real-time qPCR assay was consistent with the singular assays, but its sensitivity was higher than conventional PCR methods. This duplex real-time qPCR assay provides a rapid, sensitive and reliable method in a clinic to simultaneously detect PDCoV and PSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Jie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Wen Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Jie Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qiang Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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9
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Chicken or Porcine Aminopeptidase N Mediates Cellular Entry of Pseudoviruses Carrying Spike Glycoprotein from the Avian Deltacoronaviruses HKU11, HKU13, and HKU17. J Virol 2023; 97:e0194722. [PMID: 36656013 PMCID: PMC9973037 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01947-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of deltacoronavirus (DCoV) have mostly been identified in diverse avian species as natural reservoirs, though the porcine DCoV (PDCoV) is a major swine enteropathogenic virus with global spread. The important role of aminopeptidase N (APN) orthologues from various mammalian and avian species in PDCoV cellular entry and interspecies transmission has been revealed recently. In this study, comparative analysis indicated that three avian DCoVs, bulbul DCoV HKU11, munia DCoV HKU13, and sparrow DCoV HKU17 (Chinese strain), and PDCoV in the subgenera Buldecovirus are grouped together at whole-genome levels; however, the spike (S) glycoprotein and its S1 subunit of HKU17 are more closely related to night heron DCoV HKU19 in Herdecovirus. Nevertheless, the S1 protein of HKU11, HKU13, or HKU17 bound to or interacted with chicken APN (chAPN) or porcine APN (pAPN) by flow cytometry analysis of cell surface expression of APN and by coimmunoprecipitation in APN-overexpressing cells. Expression of chAPN or pAPN allowed entry of pseudotyped lentiviruses with the S proteins from HKU11, HKU13 and HKU17 into nonsusceptible cells and natural avian and porcine cells, which could be inhibited by the antibody against APN or anti-PDCoV-S1. APN knockdown by siRNA or knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 in chicken or swine cell lines significantly or almost completely blocked infection of these pseudoviruses. Hence, we demonstrate that HKU11, HKU13, and HKU17 with divergent S genes likely engage chAPN or pAPN to enter the cells, suggesting a potential interspecies transmission from wild birds to poultry and from birds to mammals by certain avian DCoVs. IMPORTANCE The receptor usage of avian deltacoronaviruses (DCoVs) has not been investigated thus far, though porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has been shown to utilize aminopeptidase N (APN) as a cell receptor. We report here that chicken or porcine APN also mediates cellular entry by three avian DCoV (HKU11, HKU13, and HKU17) spike pseudoviruses, and the S1 subunit of three avian DCoVs binds to APN in vitro and in the surface of avian and porcine cells. The results fill the gaps in knowledge about the avian DCoV receptor and elucidate important insights for the monitoring and prevention of potential interspecies transmission of certain avian DCoVs. In view of the diversity of DCoVs, whether this coronavirus genus will cause novel virus to emerge in other mammals from birds, are worthy of further surveillance and investigation.
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Thakor JC, Dinesh M, Manikandan R, Bindu S, Sahoo M, Sahoo D, Dhawan M, Pandey MK, Tiwari R, Emran TB, Dhama K, Chaicumpa W. Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns. Vet Q 2022; 42:125-147. [PMID: 35584308 PMCID: PMC9225692 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2079756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) are one of the most devastating pathogens affecting the livelihoods of farmers and swine industry across the world. These include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of animal species and humans because these are having single stranded-RNA that accounts for high mutation rates and thus could break the species barrier. The gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems are the primary organ systems affected by SCoVs. Infection is very common in piglets compared to adult swine causing high mortality in the former. Bat is implicated to be the origin of all CoVs affecting animals and humans. Since pig is the only domestic animal in which CoVs cause a wide range of diseases; new coronaviruses with high zoonotic potential could likely emerge in the future as observed in the past. The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19 pandemic in humans, has been implicated to have animal origin, also reported from few animal species, though its zoonotic concerns are still under investigation. This review discusses SCoVs and their epidemiology, virology, evolution, pathology, wildlife reservoirs, interspecies transmission, spill-over events and highlighting their emerging threats to swine population. The role of pigs amid ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will also be discussed. A thorough investigation should be conducted to rule out zoonotic potential of SCoVs and to design appropriate strategies for their prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigarji C. Thakor
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Manikandan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diptimayee Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Megha Katare Pandey
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Zhang H, Ding Q, Yuan J, Han F, Wei Z, Hu H. Susceptibility to mice and potential evolutionary characteristics of porcine deltacoronavirus. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5723-5738. [PMID: 35927214 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes diarrhea in suckling piglets and has the potential for cross-species transmission, posing a threat to animal and human health. However, the susceptibility profile of different species of mice to PDCoV infection and its evolutionary characteristics are still unclear. In the current study, we found that BALB/c and Kunming mice are susceptible to PDCoV. Our results showed that there were obvious lesions in intestinal and lung tissues from the infected mice. PDCoV RNAs were detected in the lung, kidney, and intestinal tissues from the infected mice of both strains, and there existed wider tissue tropism in the PDCoV-infected BALB/c mice. The RNA and protein levels of aminopeptidase N from mice were relatively high in the kidney and intestinal tissues and obviously increased after PDCoV infection. The viral-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against PDCoV were detected in the serum of infected mice. An interesting finding was that two key amino acid mutations, D138H and Q641K, in the S protein were identified in the PDCoV-infected mice. The essential roles of these two mutations for PDCoV-adaptive evolution were confirmed by cryo-electron microscope structure model analysis. The evolutionary characteristics of PDCoV among Deltacoronaviruses (δ-CoVs) were further analyzed. δ-CoVs from multiple mammals are closely related based on the phylogenetic analysis. The codon usage analysis demonstrated that similar codon usage patterns were used by most of the mammalian δ-CoVs at the global codon, synonymous codon, and amino acid usage levels. These results may provide more insights into the evolution, host ranges, and cross-species potential of PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingwen Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Yan Q, Wu K, Zeng W, Yu S, Li Y, Sun Y, Liu X, Ruan Y, Huang J, Ding H, Yi L, Zhao M, Chen J, Fan S. Historical Evolutionary Dynamics and Phylogeography Analysis of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus: Findings from 59 Suspected Swine Viral Samples from China. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179786. [PMID: 36077190 PMCID: PMC9456201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, humans have experienced three coronavirus pandemics, all of which were transmitted to humans via animals. Recent studies have found that porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) can infect humans, so swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) may cause harm through cross-species transmission. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and PDCoV have caused tremendous damage and loss to the pig industry around the world. Therefore, we analyzed the genome sequence data of these two SeCoVs by evolutionary dynamics and phylogeography, revealing the genetic diversity and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis showed that TGEV could be divided into two different genotypes, and PDCoV could be divided into four main lineages. Based on the analysis results inferred by phylogeography, we inferred that TGEV might originate from America, PDCoV might originate from Asia, and different migration events had different migration rates. In addition, we also identified positive selection sites of spike protein in TGEV and PDCoV, indicating that the above sites play an essential role in promoting membrane fusion to achieve adaptive evolution. In a word, TGEV and PDCoV are the past and future of SeCoV, and the relatively smooth transmission rate of TGEV and the increasing transmission events of PDCoV are their respective transmission characteristics. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary characteristics and transmission diversity of these SeCoVs, highlighting the potential for cross-species transmission of SeCoV and the importance of enhanced surveillance and biosecurity measures for SeCoV in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weijun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juncong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (S.F.)
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (S.F.)
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13
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Zeng J, Wang W, Zhou L, Ge X, Han J, Guo X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yang H. A nucleic acid detection assay combining reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification with a lateral flow dipstick for the rapid visual detection of porcine deltacoronavirus. Virulence 2022; 13:1471-1485. [PMID: 36005235 PMCID: PMC9450908 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogen causing severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and death in nursing piglets and enormous economic losses for the global swine industry. Furthermore, it can infect multiple animal species including humans. Therefore, a rapid, definitive diagnostic assay is required for the effective control of this zoonotic pathogen. To identify PDCoV, we developed a nucleic acid detection assay combining reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) targeting the highly conserved genomic region in the ORF1b gene. The RT-RAA-LFD assay exhibited good PDCoV detection reproducibility and repeatability and could be completed within 11 min. Ten minutes at 40 °C was required for nucleic acid amplification and 1 min at room temperature was needed for the visual LFD readout. The assay specifically detected PDCoV and did not cross-react with any other major swine pathogens. The 95% limit of detection (LOD) was 3.97 median tissue culture infectious dose PDCoV RNA per reaction. This performance was comparable to that of a reference TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR (trRT-PCR) assay for PDCoV. Of 149 swine small intestine, rectal swab, and serum samples, 71 and 75 tested positive for PDCoV according to RT-RAA-LFD and trRT-PCR, respectively. The diagnostic coincidence rate for both assays was 97.32% (145/149) and the kappa value was 0.946 (p < 0.001). Overall, the RT-RAA-LFD assay is a user-friendly diagnostic tool that can rapidly and visually detect PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing,P.R. China
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14
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Development of a Nucleocapsid Protein-Based Blocking ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus Antibodies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081815. [PMID: 36016437 PMCID: PMC9412986 DOI: 10.3390/v14081815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogen which mainly causes diarrhea, dehydration and death in nursing piglets, threatening the global swine industry. Moreover, it can infect multiple animal species and humans. Hence, reliable diagnostic assays are needed to better control this zoonotic pathogen. Here, a blocking ELISA was developed using a recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein as the coating antigen paired with an N-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) as the detection antibody. The percent inhibition (PI) of the ELISA was determined using 384 swine serum samples, with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) as the reference method. Through receiver operating characteristic analysis in conjunction with Youden’s index, the optimal PI cut-off value was determined to be 51.65%, which corresponded to a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.79% and a diagnostic specificity of 100%. Of the 330 serum samples tested positive via IFA, 326 and 4 were tested positive and negative via the ELISA, respectively, while the 54 serum samples tested negative via IFA were all negative via the ELISA. The overall coincidence rate between the two assays was 98.96% (380/384). The ELISA exhibited good repeatability and did not cross-react with antisera against other swine pathogens. Overall, this is the first report on developing a blocking ELISA for PDCoV serodiagnosis.
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15
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Peng Q, Zhang X, Li J, He W, Fan B, Ni Y, Liu M, Li B. Comprehensive analysis of codon usage pattern of porcine deltacoronavirus and its host adaptability. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2443-e2455. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety‐State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety‐State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing 210014 China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety‐State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Wenlong He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210014 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety‐State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Yanxiu Ni
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety‐State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing 210014 China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety‐State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing 210014 China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety‐State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing 210014 China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China
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16
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Zhao K, Hao X, Lei B, Dong S, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang J, Yuan W. Emergence and genomic analysis of a novel ostrich-origin GPV-related parvovirus in China. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101929. [PMID: 35691050 PMCID: PMC9194870 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ostrich disease characterized by paralysis and diarrhea has been circulating in some regions of China, causing huge economic losses to the ostrich breeding industry. In our study, clinical samples from diseased ostriches were collected, and only parvovirus was detected. The virus distribution analysis by histopathology and quantitative real-time PCR assays indicated that the virus had a wide range of tissue tropisms. The full-length genome of the ostrich parvovirus (OsPV) was sequenced and comprehensively analyzed. Interestingly, the phylogenetic and alignment results indicated that the OsPV and the goose parvovirus (GPV) form a separate branch. In contrast to GPV strains, OsPV showed 2 new 14 nucleotide deletions in the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region. Furthermore, recombination analysis indicated that OsPV was a recombination strain between the vaccine strain SYG61v and the virulent strain B strain, with the major parent of OsPV as the SYG61v strain and the minor parent as the B strain. The 14 nucleotide deletions in the ITR region as well as recombination may be some of the reasons for the cross-species transmission of parvovirus from goose to ostrich. The above data will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular biology of the novel OsPV and help to develop the vaccine candidate strain.
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Li G, Zhai SL, Zhou X, Chen TB, Niu JW, Xie YS, Si GB, Cong F, Chen RA, He DS. Phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics analysis of porcine delta-coronavirus with host expansion to humans. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1670-e1681. [PMID: 35243794 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
From 2003 onwards, three pandemics have been caused by coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV); middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV); and, most recently, SARS-CoV-2. Notably, all three were transmitted from animals to humans. This would suggest that animals are potential sources of epidemics for humans. The emerging porcine delta-coronavirus was reported to infect children. This is a red flag that marks the ability of PDCoV to break barriers of cross-species transmission to humans. Therefore, we conducted molecular genetic analysis of global clade PDCoV to characterize spatio-temporal patterns of viral diffusion and genetic diversity. PDCoV was classified into three major lineages, according to distribution and phylogenetic analysis of PDCoV. It can be inferred based on the analysis results of the currently known PDCoV strains that PDCoV might originate in Asia. We also selected six special spike amino acid sequences to align and analyze to find seven significant mutation sites. The accumulation of these mutations may enhance dynamic movements, accelerating spike protein membrane fusion events and transmission. Altogether, our study offers a novel insight into the diversification, evolution, and interspecies transmission and origin of PDCoV and emphasizes the need to study the zoonotic potential of the PDCoV and comprehensive surveillance and enhanced biosecurity precautions for PDCoV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tian-Bao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Wei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guang-Bin Si
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Rui-Ai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526238, China
| | - Dong-Sheng He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526238, China
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18
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Kong F, Wang Q, Kenney SP, Jung K, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Porcine Deltacoronaviruses: Origin, Evolution, Cross-Species Transmission and Zoonotic Potential. Pathogens 2022; 11:79. [PMID: 35056027 PMCID: PMC8778258 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus of swine that causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration and mortality in seronegative neonatal piglets. PDCoV was first reported in Hong Kong in 2012 and its etiological features were first characterized in the United States in 2014. Currently, PDCoV is a concern due to its broad host range, including humans. Chickens, turkey poults, and gnotobiotic calves can be experimentally infected by PDCoV. Therefore, as discussed in this review, a comprehensive understanding of the origin, evolution, cross-species transmission and zoonotic potential of epidemic PDCoV strains is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott P. Kenney
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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19
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Yuan Y, Zu S, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Jin X, Hu H. Porcine Deltacoronavirus Utilizes Sialic Acid as an Attachment Receptor and Trypsin Can Influence the Binding Activity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122442. [PMID: 34960711 PMCID: PMC8705999 DOI: 10.3390/v13122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes diarrhea in nursing piglets. Studies showed that PDCoV uses porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN) as an entry receptor, but the infection of pAPN-knockout cells or pigs with PDCoV revealed that pAPN might be not a critical functional receptor, implying there exists an unidentified receptor involved in PDCoV infection. Herein, we report that sialic acid (SA) can act as an attachment receptor for PDCoV invasion and facilitate its infection. We first demonstrated that the carbohydrates destroyed on the cell membrane using NaIO4 can alleviate the susceptibility of cells to PDCoV. Further study showed that the removal of SA, a typical cell-surface carbohydrate, could influence the PDCoV infectivity to the cells significantly, suggesting that SA was involved in the infection. The results of plaque assay and Western blotting revealed that SA promoted PDCoV infection by increasing the number of viruses binding to SA on the cell surface during the adsorption phase, which was also confirmed by atomic force microscopy at the microscopic level. In in vivo experiments, we found that the distribution levels of PDCoV and SA were closely relevant in the swine intestine, which contains huge amount of trypsin. We further confirmed that SA-binding capacity to PDCoV is related to the pre-treatment of PDCoV with trypsin. In conclusion, SA is a novel attachment receptor for PDCoV infection to enhance its attachment to cells, which is dependent on the pre-treatment of trypsin on PDCoV. This study paves the way for dissecting the mechanisms of PDCoV–host interactions and provides new strategies to control PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Shaopo Zu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Fujie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaohui Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Hui Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Hsueh FC, Wu CN, Lin MYC, Hsu FY, Lin CF, Chang HW, Lin JH, Liu HF, Chiou MT, Chan KR, Lin CN. Phylodynamic analysis and spike protein mutations in porcine deltacoronavirus with a new variant introduction in Taiwan. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab096. [PMID: 34858636 PMCID: PMC8634457 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a highly transmissible intestinal pathogen that causes mild to severe clinical symptoms, such as anorexia, vomiting, and watery diarrhea in pigs. By comparing the genetic sequences of the spike glycoprotein between historical and current Taiwanese PDCoV strains, we identified a novel PDCoV variant that displaced the PDCoV responsible for the 2015 epidemic. This PDCoV variant belongs to a young population within the US lineage, and infected pigs carry high concentrations of the virus. It also has several critical point mutations and an amino acid insertion at position 52 that may enhance the affinity between the B-cell epitopes located in the N-terminal domain with its complementarity regions, consequently facilitating binding or penetration between the fusion peptide and cellular membrane. Furthermore, viral protein structure prediction demonstrated that these amino acid changes may change the ability of the virus to bind to the receptor, which may consequently alter virus infectivity. Our results hence suggest the emergence of new PDCoV strains in Taiwan with the potential for greater transmission and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chun Hsueh
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Scienceand Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan
| | | | - Feng-Yang Hsu
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Scienceand Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Scienceand Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hui Lin
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Scienceand Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Scienceand Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
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21
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The roles of two major domains of the porcine deltacoronavirus spike subunit 1 in receptor binding and neutralization. J Virol 2021; 95:e0111821. [PMID: 34549985 PMCID: PMC8610578 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01118-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the mechanisms of interspecies transmission is of great significance for the prevention of epidemic diseases caused by emerging coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was shown to exhibit broad host cell range mediated by surface expression of aminopeptidase N (APN), and humans have been reported to be at risk of PDCoV infection. In the present study, we first demonstrated overexpression of APN orthologues from various species, including mice and felines, in the APN-deficient swine small intestine epithelial cells permitted PDCoV infection, confirming that APN broadly facilitates PDCoV cellular entry and perhaps subsequent interspecies transmission. PDCoV was able to limitedly infect mice in vivo, distributing mainly in enteric and lymphoid tissues, suggesting that mice may serve as a susceptible reservoir of PDCoV. Furthermore, elements (two glycosylation sites and four aromatic amino acids) on the surface of domain B (S1B) of the PDCoV spike glycoprotein S1 subunit were identified to be critical for cellular surface binding of APN orthologues. However, both domain A (S1A) and domain B (S1B) were able to elicit potent neutralizing antibodies against PDCoV infection. The antibodies against S1A inhibited the hemagglutination activity of PDCoV using erythrocytes from various species, which might account for the neutralizing capacity of S1A antibodies partially through a blockage of sialic acid binding. The study reveals the tremendous potential of PDCoV for interspecies transmission and the role of two major PDCoV S1 domains in receptor binding and neutralization, providing a theoretical basis for development of intervention strategies. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses exhibit a tendency for recombination and mutation, which enables them to quickly adapt to various novel hosts. Previously, orthologues of aminopeptidase N (APN) from mammalian and avian species were found to be associated with porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) cellular entry in vitro. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that mice are susceptible to PDCoV limited infection. We also show that two major domains (S1A and S1B) of the PDCoV spike glycoprotein involved in APN receptor binding can elicit neutralizing antibodies, identifying two glycosylation sites and four aromatic amino acids on the surface of the S1B domain critical for APN binding and demonstrating that the neutralization activity of S1A antibodies is partially attributed to blockage of sugar binding activity. Our findings further implicate PDCoV’s great potential for interspecies transmission, and the data of receptor binding and neutralization may provide a basis for development of future intervention strategies.
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22
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Seifi T, Reza Kamali A. Antiviral performance of graphene-based materials with emphasis on COVID-19: A review. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 11:100099. [PMID: 34056572 PMCID: PMC8151376 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 has been one of the most challenging global epidemics of modern times with a large number of casualties combined with economic hardships across the world. Considering that there is still no definitive cure for the recent viral crisis, this article provides a review of nanomaterials with antiviral activity, with an emphasis on graphene and its derivatives, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots. The possible interactions between surfaces of such nanostructured materials with coronaviruses are discussed. The antiviral mechanisms of graphene materials can be related to events such as the inactivation of virus and/or the host cell receptor, electrostatic trapping and physico-chemical destruction of viral species. These effects can be enhanced by functionalization and/or decoration of carbons with species that enhances graphene-virus interactions. The low-cost and large-scale preparation of graphene materials with enhanced antiviral performances is an interesting research direction to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Seifi
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E2MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ali Reza Kamali
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E2MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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23
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24
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Ye X, Chen Y, Zhu X, Guo J, Da X, Hou Z, Xu S, Zhou J, Fang L, Wang D, Xiao S. Cross-Species Transmission of Deltacoronavirus and the Origin of Porcine Deltacoronavirus. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2246-2253. [PMID: 32837537 PMCID: PMC7273114 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltacoronavirus is the last identified Coronaviridae subfamily genus. Differing from other coronavirus (CoV) genera, which mainly infect birds or mammals, deltacoronaviruses (δ‐CoVs) reportedly infect both animal types. Recent studies show that a novel δ‐CoV, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), can also infect calves and chickens with the potential to infect humans, raising the possibility of cross‐species transmission of δ‐CoVs. Here, we explored the deep phylogenetic history and cross‐species transmission of δ‐CoVs. Virus–host cophylogenetic analyses showed that δ‐CoVs have undergone frequent host switches in birds, and sparrows may serve as the unappreciated hubs for avian to mammal transmission. Our molecular clock analyses show that PDCoV possibly originated in Southeast Asia in the 1990s and that the PDCoV cluster shares a common ancestor with Sparrow‐CoV of around 1,810. Our findings contribute valuable insights into the diversification, evolution, and interspecies transmission of δ‐CoVs and the origin of PDCoV, providing a model for exploring the relationships of δ‐CoVs in birds and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Yingjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xie Da
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Zhenzhen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Shangen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Junwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China.,The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Wuhan 430070 China
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