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Berman LM, Wu MY, Baveja P, Cros E, Sin YCK, Prawiradilaga DM, Rheindt FE. Population structure in Mixornis tit-babblers across Sunda Shelf matches interfluvia of paleo-rivers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108105. [PMID: 38754709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Rivers constitute an important biogeographic divide in vast areas of tropical rainforest, such as the Amazon and Congo Basins. Southeast Asia's rainforests are currently fragmented across islands divided by sea, which has long obscured their extensive history of terrestrial connectivity as part of a vast (but now submerged) subcontinent - Sundaland - during most of the Quaternary. The role of paleo-rivers in determining population structure in Sundaic rainforests at a time when these forests were connected remains little understood. We examined the coloration of museum skins and used the genomic DNA of museum samples and freshly-collected blood tissue of a pair of Sundaic songbird species, the pin-striped and bold-striped tit-babblers (Mixornis gularis and M. bornensis, respectively), to assess the genetic affinity of populations on small Sundaic islands that have largely been ignored by modern research. Our genomic and morphological results place the populations from the Anambas and Natuna Islands firmly within M. gularis from the Malay Peninsula in western Sundaland, even though some of these islands are geographically much closer to Borneo, where M. bornensis resides. Our results reveal genetic structure consistent with the course of Sundaic paleo-rivers and the location of the interfluvia they formed, and add to a small but growing body of evidence that rivers would have been of equal biogeographic importance in Sundaland's former connected forest landscape as they are in Amazonia and the Congo Basin today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marie Berman
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore.
| | - Meng Yue Wu
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore
| | - Pratibha Baveja
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore
| | - Emilie Cros
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore
| | - Yong Chee Keita Sin
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore.
| | - Dewi M Prawiradilaga
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Centre for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya, Jakarta Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Frank E Rheindt
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore.
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Tang Q, Vargo EL, Ahmad I, Jiang H, Varadínová ZK, Dovih P, Kim D, Bourguignon T, Booth W, Schal C, Mukha DV, Rheindt FE, Evans TA. Solving the 250-year-old mystery of the origin and global spread of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401185121. [PMID: 38768340 PMCID: PMC11145273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401185121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The origin of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is enigmatic, in part because it is ubiquitous worldwide in human-built structures but absent from any natural habitats. The first historical records of this species are from ca. 250 years ago (ya) from central Europe (hence its name). However, recent research suggests that the center of diversity of the genus is Asian, where its closest relatives are found. To solve this paradox, we sampled genome-wide markers of 281 cockroaches from 17 countries across six continents. We confirm that B. germanica evolved from the Asian cockroach Blattella asahinai approximately 2,100 ya, probably by adapting to human settlements in India or Myanmar. Our genomic analyses reconstructed two primary global spread routes, one older, westward route to the Middle East coinciding with various Islamic dynasties (~1,200 ya), and another younger eastward route coinciding with the European colonial period (~390 ya). While Europe was not central to the early domestication and spread of the German cockroach, European advances in long-distance transportation and temperature-controlled housing were likely important for the more recent global spread, increasing chances of successful dispersal to and establishment in new regions. The global genetic structure of German cockroaches further supports our model, as it generally aligns with geopolitical boundaries, suggesting regional bridgehead populations established following the advent of international commerce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore117558, Singapore
| | - Edward L. Vargo
- Department of Entomology, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, College Station77843-2475, Texas
| | - Intan Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung40132, Indonesia
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Human Parasitology, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Zuzana Kotyková Varadínová
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague12800, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague11579, Czech Republic
| | - Pilot Dovih
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat131029, India
| | - Dongmin Kim
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL32962
| | - Thomas Bourguignon
- Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son904-0495, Japan
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Warren Booth
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, VA24061
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27695-7613
| | - Dmitry V. Mukha
- Department of Animal Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow117971, Russia
| | - Frank E. Rheindt
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore117558, Singapore
| | - Theodore A. Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth6009, Western Australia
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Shi Y, Li S, Li Y, Jiang L, Khan FU, Waiho K, Wang Y, Hu M. Saving the overlooked mangrove horseshoe crabs-A perspective from enhancing mangrove ecosystem conservation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106282. [PMID: 38042633 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite being widely distributed in Asia, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda is often overlooked and, its population status remains unclear. Moreover, it is threatened by illegal harvesting and degradation of mangrove ecosystems. Protecting its habitat is essential for population and biodiversity conservation, as mangroves provide nursery grounds and food supply for C. rotundicauda. This review discusses the biological characteristics of C. rotundicauda, including ecology, nutrition, life history, toxicology, and immunology. It also presents information about its distribution and population status. The review emphasizes the challenges faced by C. rotundicauda and proposes a conservation framework that involves the participation of local residents to facilitate conservation efforts. Collaboration between local residents and communities is proposed to protect and monitor the mangrove ecosystem. Additionally, this framework can support field research, protect C. rotundicauda juveniles and other species, and ensure the livelihood of local residents through participation in carbon trading markets and eco-industries such as eco-farming and eco-tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Shi
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Shuhui Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yaowu Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lingfeng Jiang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, China.
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Yeo H, Tan HZ, Tang Q, Tan TRH, Puniamoorthy N, Rheindt FE. Dense residential areas promote gene flow in dengue vector mosquito Aedes albopictus. iScience 2023; 26:107577. [PMID: 37680477 PMCID: PMC10481301 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is a successful disease vector due to its ability to survive in a wide range of habitats. Despite its ubiquity and impact on public health, little is known about its differential gene flow capabilities across different city habitats. We obtained a comprehensive dataset of >27,000 genome-wide DNA markers across 105 wild-caught Ae. albopictus individuals from Singapore, a dengue-endemic tropical city with heterogeneous landscapes from densely populated urban areas to forests. Despite Singapore's challenging small-scale heterogeneity, our landscape-genomic approach indicated that dense urban areas are characterized by higher Aedes gene flow rates than managed parks and forests. We documented the incidence of Wolbachia infections of Ae. albopictus involving two strains (wAlbA and wAlbB). Our results dispel the misconception that substantial dispersal of Ae. albopictus is limited to urban greenery, with wide implications for vector management and critical insights into urban planning strategies to combat dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhen Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Tyrone Ren Hao Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Nalini Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Frank E. Rheindt
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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5
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Ravi V, Shingate P, Venkatesh B. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (mangrove horseshoe crab). Trends Genet 2022; 38:627-628. [PMID: 35339290 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vydianathan Ravi
- Comparative and Medical Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Prashant Shingate
- Comparative and Medical Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, 138673, Singapore; Current address: Crop Science Division, Bayer (South East Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore, 118535, Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Comparative and Medical Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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