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Baldwin CM, Ireland JL, Barakzai SZ. Unilateral laser ventriculocordectomy results in increased arytenoid stability in horses with severe left sided recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:1149-1154. [PMID: 38689566 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no objective information reporting the effect of unilateral laser ventriculocordectomy (VeC) on arytenoid abduction or stability. OBJECTIVES To evaluate arytenoid stability and abduction in horses with severe recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) before and after unilateral laser VeC. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort. METHODS Eight horses with grade C or D exercising laryngeal function that underwent unilateral laser VeC were included. Exercising endoscopy was performed before and ≥6 weeks after left-sided laser VeC. Arytenoid stability at maximal exercise was calculated by measuring the left-to-right quotient angle ratio (LRQ) of the corniculate processes at the points of maximal arytenoid abduction (expiration) and maximal arytenoid collapse (inspiration). For each horse, means of measurements obtained for four breaths pre- and post-operatively were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The difference in LRQ between inspiration and expiration was lower post-operatively (median 0.039; interquartile range [IQR] 0.032-0.047) compared with pre-operatively (median 0.158; IQR 0.083-0.249; p = 0.01) confirming the left arytenoid was more stable following unilateral laser VeC. The degree of improvement was significantly greater for grade D horses compared with grade C horses (p = 0.04). The LRQ measured on maximal abduction was also lower post-operatively (median 0.467; IQR 0.444-0.506) compared with pre-operatively (median 0.578; IQR 0.554-0.655; p = 0.02) indicating the left arytenoid was less abducted following surgery. MAIN LIMITATIONS The sample size was small, no racehorses were included and post-operative assessment was conducted at a variable time after surgery. CONCLUSION Unilateral laser VeC in grade C and D RLN-affected horses results in slightly reduced left arytenoid abduction but increased arytenoid stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne L Ireland
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, UK
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Grzeskowiak R, Schumacher J, Omidi O, Bowers K, Cassone LMC, Abedi R, Hespel AM, Mulon PY, Anderson DE. Enhancing prosthesis stability at the cricoid cartilage in equine laryngoplasty using 3-D-printed laryngeal clamps: An ex vivo model study. Vet Surg 2024. [PMID: 38840447 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a three-dimensional (3-D)-printed laryngeal clamp (LC) designed to enhance the anchoring of laryngeal prostheses at the cricoid cartilage. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo biomechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION A total of 22 equine larynges. METHODS Two experimental groups included larynges with standard prosthetic laryngoplasty (PL; n = 10) and larynges with prosthetic laryngoplasty modified with laryngeal clamps (PLLC; n = 10). All constructs underwent 3000 cycles of tension loading and a single tension to failure. Recorded biomechanical parameters included maximum load, actuator displacement, and construct failure. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on one PL and one PLLC construct. RESULTS The maximum load at single tension to failure was 183.7 ± 46.8 N for the PL construct and 292.7 ± 82.3 N for the PLLC construct (p = .003). Actuator displacement at 30 N was 1.7 ± 0.5 mm and 2.7 ± 0.7 mm for the PL and PLLC constructs, respectively (p = .011). The cause of PL constructs failure was mostly tearing through the cartilage whereas the PLLC constructs failed through fracture of the cricoid cartilage (p = .000). FEA revealed an 11-fold reduction in the maximum equivalent plastic strain, a four-fold reduction in maximum compressive stress, and a two-fold increase in the volume of engaged cartilage in PLLC constructs. CONCLUSION The PLLC constructs demonstrated superior performance in biomechanical testing and FEA compared to standard PL constructs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of 3-D-printed laryngeal clamps may enhance the outcomes of laryngoplasty in horses. In vivo studies are necessary to determine the feasibility of performing laryngoplasty using the laryngeal clamp in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Grzeskowiak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jim Schumacher
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Omid Omidi
- Tickle College of Engineering, Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristin Bowers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lynne M C Cassone
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Reza Abedi
- Tickle College of Engineering, Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adrien-Maxence Hespel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Mulon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Byrne CA, Hotchkiss JW, Barakzai SZ. Variations in the application of equine prosthetic laryngoplasty: A survey of 128 equine surgeons. Vet Surg 2023; 52:209-220. [PMID: 36420588 PMCID: PMC10100511 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document variations in the application of equine prosthetic laryngoplasty among equine surgeons. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE POPULATION Six hundred and seventy-eight equine surgeons performing prosthetic laryngoplasty. METHODS An online questionnaire was sent to equine surgeons, including diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons and European College of Veterinary Surgeons. Questions focused on participant profile, surgical technique, antimicrobial therapy, and concurrent procedures. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the survey output. RESULTS Complete responses were received from 128/678 individuals, mostly from experienced surgeons. Most participants used 2 prostheses (106/128, 82.8%) and a single loop was the most common method used to anchor the prosthesis in the cricoid (95/128, 74.2%) and arytenoid (125/128, 97.7%) cartilages. Use of general anesthesia was common, although 46/128 (35.9%) participants now performed most laryngoplasty surgery with standing sedation. The material used as a prosthesis varied among surgeons, although participants typically aimed to achieve grade 2 intraoperative arytenoid abduction. Participants most commonly administered perioperative systemic antimicrobial therapy for 1-3 days (57/128, 44.5%) and 48/128 (37.5%) used local antimicrobial therapy. CONCLUSION Most surgeons performed laryngoplasty with 2 prostheses, a single loop construct at the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage and systemic antimicrobial therapy. There was variation in the preferred method of surgical restraint, prosthesis material selection, and use of local antimicrobial therapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Long-established techniques remain popular in clinical practice despite evidence that variations offer advantages, particularly in relation to biomechanics. Other factors are also likely to influence technique selection in a clinical context.
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Barakzai SZ. Postoperative exercising endoscopy of the equine upper respiratory tract. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lean NE, Bertin FR, Ahern BJ. Influence of unilateral and bilateral vocal cordectomy on airflow across cadaveric equine larynges at different Rakestraw grades of arytenoid abduction. Vet Surg 2022; 51:974-981. [PMID: 35608018 PMCID: PMC9546136 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of vocal cordectomy on airflow across equine larynges at different Rakestraw grades of arytenoid abduction using a unidirectional airflow model. Study design Ex vivo, repeated measures. Sample population Twenty cadaveric equine larynges. Methods The right arytenoid cartilage was maximally abducted in all larynges. Each larynx was assigned a Rakestraw grade A or B, and the left arytenoid was abducted accordingly. Each larynx was tested under 3 conditions: intact, left vocal cordectomy (LVC), and bilateral vocal cordectomy (BVC). Translaryngeal pressure and airflow were measured, and digital video footage was obtained. Translaryngeal impedance (TLI) was calculated, and the arytenoid left‐to‐right quotient angle (LRQ) and rima glottis cross‐sectional area (CSA) were measured from standardized still images. Results Vocal cordectomy reduced TLI by 14.5% in LVC in comparison with intact larynges at Rakestraw grade B (P = .014). In Rakestraw grade A position, neither unilateral nor bilateral vocal cordectomy had any effect on TLI. Regardless of Rakestraw allocation, both LVC and BVC increased CSA in comparison with intact larynges (P < .005), with BVC larynges experiencing a greater effect than LVC (P < .0001). Conclusion Using a unilateral airflow model, LVC improved TLI in larynges where arytenoid position approximated Rakestraw grade B. However, when the arytenoid position approximated Rakestraw grade A, there was no effect on TLI following LVC or BVC. Clinical significance Surgeons considering a vocal cordectomy should take into account the degree of arytenoid abduction before performing the procedure, as it may not be warranted from a TLI point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Lean
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland
| | - Francois R Bertin
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland
| | - Benjamin J Ahern
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland
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Almonte H, Schumacher J, Johnson CR, Berk JT, Bell RP. Effect of a combination of butorphanol and detomidine on endoscopic assessment of laryngeal function in Thoroughbred yearlings. Vet Rec 2022; 190:e1483. [DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Schumacher
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
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Broyles AH, Embertson RM, Brett Woodie J, Machado V. The impact of grade of laryngeal function immediately prior to laryngoplasty and ipsilateral ventriculocordectomy on postoperative performance: 623 Thoroughbred racehorses (1998-2013). Equine Vet J 2021; 54:856-864. [PMID: 34626125 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is persistent concern among some trainers, owners and veterinarians regarding the effect of preoperative laryngeal function grade on the outcome of laryngoplasty and ventriculocordectomy (LPVC). OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of laryngeal function grade prior to LPVC on postoperative performance. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-series. METHODS Medical and race records of Thoroughbred racehorses diagnosed with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) and treated with LPVC between 1998 and 2013 were reviewed. Horses were placed into three groups based on preoperative laryngeal function grade (grade III.1, grades III.2/III.3, and grade IV). The effect of preoperative laryngeal function grade on postoperative performance was determined by multivariable logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard model and multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS In a multivariable logistic regression, grade III.2/III.3 horses had 1.88 times higher odds (95% CI = 1.03-3.43) of racing after LPVC than grade IV (P = .04). A multivariable Cox's proportional hazard analysis controlling for race prior to surgery (P < .01) showed that likelihood of racing postoperatively was not different between grade III.1 and grade IV (P = .6), and although not statistically significant, there was a tendency for grades III.2/III.3 to be more likely to race postoperatively than horses with grade IV (P = .07). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that grade IV horses took a longer time to race compared with grade III.1 and grade III.2/III.3. Laryngeal function grade did not influence the mean earnings per start. MAIN LIMITATIONS The small number of horses in the grade III.1 group compared with the III.2/III.3 and IV groups influenced the effect of grade III.1 on outcome. CONCLUSIONS Laryngeal function grade may affect likelihood of racing after LPVC, but not earnings per start. Grade III. 2/III.3 horses were more likely to race postoperatively than grade IV horses, and grade IV horses took a longer time to first race after LPVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Broyles
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - J Brett Woodie
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Vinicius Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Fitzharris LE, Franklin SH, McConnell AK, Hezzell MJ, Allen KJ. Inspiratory muscle training for the treatment of dynamic upper airway collapse in racehorses: A preliminary investigation. Vet J 2021; 275:105708. [PMID: 34147643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced upper airway collapse (UAC) probably occurs when the stabilising muscles of the upper airway are unable to withstand the dramatic changes in airflow and pressure that occurs during exercise. In racehorses, the mainstay of treatment is surgical intervention. In human athletes, exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction has been treated successfully with inspiratory muscle training (IMT). The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the feasibility of IMT in racehorses; and (2) describe the exercising endoscopy findings pre- and post-IMT in racehorses diagnosed with dynamic UAC. Horses undergoing IMT wore a mask with an attached threshold-valve to apply an additional load during inspiration, creating a training stimulus with the purpose of increasing upper airway muscle strength. Each horse underwent IMT once daily, while standing in the stable, 5-6 days/week for 10 weeks. Endoscopy recordings were analysed in a blinded manner using an objective grading scheme and subjective pairwise analysis. Seventeen horses successfully completed the IMT protocol, with full information available for 10 horses. Objective grading analysis showed a lower grade of vocal fold collapse (6/9 horses), palatal instability (7/10 horses) and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (5/7 horses) post-IMT. Pairwise subjective analysis suggested better overall airway function post-IMT in 3/10 horses. The main limitations of this preliminary investigation were the low number of horses examined and lack of a control population. Further research is required to investigate the effects of IMT on upper airway muscle strength and to evaluate its efficacy for prevention and treatment of UAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Fitzharris
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK.
| | - S H Franklin
- University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | | | - M J Hezzell
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - K J Allen
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
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Pisano SRR, Stoffel MH, Bodó G. Ex vivo study of vagal branches at risk for iatrogenic injury during laryngoplasty in horses. Vet Surg 2020; 50:425-434. [PMID: 33264429 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To localize vagal branches within the surgical field of laryngoplasty and identify potentially hazardous surgical steps. STUDY DESIGN Observational cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION Five equine head-neck specimens and four entire equine cadavers. METHODS Dissection of the pharyngeal region from a surgical perspective. Neuronal structures were considered at risk if touched or if the distance to instruments was less than 5 mm. RESULTS The branches of the pharyngeal plexus (PP) supplying the cricopharyngeal muscle (PPcr), the thyropharyngeal muscle (PPth), and the esophagus (PPes) were identified in the surgical field in nine of nine, five of nine, and one of nine specimens, respectively. The internal branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve (ibCLN) was identified within the carotid sheath in six of nine specimens. The external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve (ebCLN) was identified close to the septum of the caudal constrictors in nine of nine specimens. The blade of the tissue retractor compressed the ibCLN in six of six, the ebCLN in four of six, the PPcr in six of six, the PPth in two of three, and the PPes in two of two specimens in which the respective nerves were identified after further dissection. Surgical exploration of the dorsolateral aspect of the pharynx and the incision of the septum of the caudal constrictors harmed the ebCLN in nine of nine, PPcr in seven of nine, and PPth in four of eight specimens. CONCLUSION Several vagal branches were located in the surgical field and must be considered at risk because of their location. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Use of the tissue retractor, dissection over the pharynx, and dissection of the septum of the caudal constrictors involve a risk to damage vagal branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone R R Pisano
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gábor Bodó
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Satoh M, Higuchi T, Inoue S, Miyakoshi D, Kajihara A, Gotoh T, Shimizu Y. External transcutaneous ultrasound technique in the equine cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle: Assessment of muscle size and echogenicity with resting endoscopy. Equine Vet J 2020; 52:500-508. [PMID: 31736125 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have assessed the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (CAD) using transoesophageal ultrasonography in equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN). We assessed the CAD using the external transcutaneous ultrasound technique, which may constitute an easier method in horses. OBJECTIVES To evaluate ultrasonographic imaging of the left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (LCAD) and right cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (RCAD) as a diagnostic tool for RLN using the transcutaneous ultrasound technique. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The axial plane thickness, cross-sectional area and echogenicity of the LCAD and RCAD were measured using transcutaneous ultrasonography in 164 horses. Assessments of LCAD were compared with those of RCAD. The LCAD:RCAD ratios in thickness and area were compared between control horses (resting grades 1 and 2) and horses with resting laryngeal grades 3 and 4 using the Havemeyer 4-point grading system with subgrades. RESULTS The LCAD:RCAD ratios for thickness and area were 0.69 and 0.66 in horses with resting grades 3 and 4 respectively; LCAD was more hyperechogenic than RCAD in resting grades 3 and 4. LCAD:RCAD ratios for thickness and area in grades 3.II, 3.III and 4 were significantly lower than those in control horses. Thickness and area of the LCAD were negatively correlated with resting laryngeal grade MAIN LIMITATIONS: Overground endoscopy was not performed in this study. There were some differences in methodology: measurement of the physical thickness of the LCAD and clipping of hair at the laryngeal region were only performed in horses that underwent laryngoplasty. CONCLUSIONS Results of ultrasonographic assessments of the CAD using transcutaneous ultrasonography were similar to those obtained by transoesophageal ultrasonography. This technique enables a simple, noninvasive, direct and easy examination. Assessment of the CAD using transcutaneous ultrasonography may be a useful technique and a potential option for determining whether to perform nerve graft or laryngoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Satoh
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hidaka-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tohru Higuchi
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hidaka-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hidaka-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyakoshi
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hidaka-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ayako Kajihara
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hidaka-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Gotoh
- Federation of Hokkaido Agricultural Mutual Aid Associations, Large Animal Clinic and Research Center, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimizu
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Central Animal Clinic, Niikappu-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
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Barrett E, Arkins S. Abnormalities detected at pre-purchase examination of National Hunt racehorses presented at sale. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:281-289. [PMID: 31418917 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies are available concerning prevalences of abnormalities in the Thoroughbred horse population. OBJECTIVES Determine the prevalence of commonly observed abnormalities in a National Hunt Thoroughbred population using results of pre-purchase examinations conducted at Thoroughbred sales venues. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS Veterinary pre-purchase examination certificates for 13,603 3- and 4-year-old Thoroughbred National Hunt horses from Tattersalls Ireland, Goffs Ireland and Doncaster Bloodstock Sales Ltd. (DBS) Sales were analysed. All conditions noted by the veterinarians were recorded to determine the prevalence of abnormalities. RESULTS Abnormalities were recorded in 73.6% of horses; 12.0% had abnormalities likely to prejudice their use for racing. Metacarpal/metatarsal exostoses and tarsal-plantar desmitis affected 17.1 and 19.4% of the sample respectively, while 9.9% were found to make abnormal respiratory noises and 5.3% had recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. Age, year of birth and sex significantly affected the prevalence of many abnormalities (P<0.001). The proportions of horses sold differed significantly between horses with and without some abnormalities, with unaffected horses significantly more likely to be sold (e.g., prejudicial findings present vs. non-prejudicial/none, 38.1% vs. 77.6% respectively, P<0.001). A range of abnormalities significantly negatively affected the price at sale (P<0.001). Significantly higher proportions of horses in the lower price categories had multiple abnormalities (P<0.001). MAIN LIMITATIONS The study consisted only of horses entered into store horse sales and presented for sale. Horses kept for racing or breeding purposes or horses withdrawn prior to the panel veterinary pre-purchase examination were not included. The upper respiratory tract was only examined endoscopically in horses found to have an abnormal respiratory noise. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of 3- and 4-year-old Thoroughbred National Hunt horses intended for sale are affected by abnormalities. The prevalence of many abnormalities increases with age and certain abnormalities are viewed negatively by purchasers, affecting sale of the horse and achieved sale price.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Oaklands Equine Hospital, Yarm, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - S Arkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Krueger CR, Lewis RD, McIlwraith CW, Major MD, Brakenhoff JE, Hand DR, Rowland AL, Hess AM, Johnson SW, Hackett ES. A retrospective cohort study of racing performance in Quarter Horses undergoing prosthetic laryngoplasty for treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 254:496-500. [PMID: 30714865 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.4.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of prosthetic laryngoplasty on return to racing, performance index, and career longevity in racing Quarter Horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) and to evaluate performance variables for horses with RLN undergoing prosthetic laryngoplasty, compared with a control horse population. DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 162 racing Quarter Horses with RLN treated with prosthetic laryngoplasty (case horses) and 324 racing Quarter Horse without RLN (control horses). PROCEDURES Medical and race records of case and control horses examined at 5 referral centers between January 2000 and December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Two control horses were matched with each case horse. Return to racing, earnings, number of racing starts, performance index, and career longevity were evaluated. RESULTS The odds of returning to racing did not differ significantly between case and control horses but decreased with increasing age. Neither racing starts nor career longevity were affected by prosthetic laryngoplasty or by RLN grade. In fact, horses undergoing laryngoplasty for treatment of RLN and horses with the lowest RLN grade before surgery had higher performance indices after the surgery, compared with indices for control horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The faster speeds and shorter distances raced with Quarter Horses could alter how RLN impacts respiratory variables and performance in Quarter Horses, compared with other racehorse breeds. Further study is needed to understand the impacts of RLN and surgical treatments for RLN in racing Quarter Horses.
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Ahern BJ, Lukas E, Lam K, Wilke E, Bertin FR, Van Eps A, Franklin S. Evaluation of a prototype dynamic laryngoplasty system in vitro with an equine vacuum airflow system. Vet Surg 2018; 48:173-179. [PMID: 30569487 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a prototype dynamic laryngoplasty system (DLPS) in a static airflow model. STUDY DESIGN Experimental. SAMPLE POPULATION Ten equine larynges. METHODS The right arytenoid was fixed in abduction in all specimens. A left-sided laryngoplasty was performed with No. 2 Fiberwire and a FASTakII anchor. Each larynx was tested in a static airflow model. The system was adjusted to a flow rate of 55 L/s and prelaryngeal pressure of 12 mm Hg prior to testing in maximal arytenoid abduction. In phase 1, the left suture was loosened, shortened, and tested in 3-mm steps from 0 to 30 mm. In phase 2, the suture was tied with the DLPS in position at a target left-to-right quotient angle (LRQ) of 0.5. The DLPS was activated to target psi of 0, 25, and 50 for testing. Translaryngeal impedance (TLI), LRQ, cross-sectional areas (CSA), and resultant change in LRQ and CSA between, before, and during airflow testing were calculated. RESULTS In phase 1, TLI was reduced by suture shortening up to 6 mm (P = .001) but not by additional shortening (P > .05). In phase 2, activation of the DLPS reduced the TLI from 0 psi (0.43 ± 0.08 mm Hg/L/s) to 25 psi (0.16 ± 0.04 mm Hg/L/s, P < .001), but no further reduction was detected at maximal psi (P = .10). CONCLUSION Activation of the DLPS effectively reduced TLI. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results justify further investigation of the DLPS to assess its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Ahern
- Equine Specialist Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily Lukas
- Equine Specialist Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberly Lam
- Equine Specialist Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Wilke
- Equine Specialist Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Francois-Rene Bertin
- Equine Specialist Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Van Eps
- Equine Specialist Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha Franklin
- Equine Health and Performance Centre, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Hackett ES, Leise BS. Exercising upper respiratory videoendoscopic findings of 50 competition draught horses with abnormal respiratory noise and/or poor performance. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:370-374. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Hackett
- Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - B. S. Leise
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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15
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McGivney CL, Sweeney J, Gough KF, Hill EW, Katz LM. Serial evaluation of resting and exercising overground endoscopic examination results in young Thoroughbreds with no treatment intervention. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:192-197. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. L. McGivney
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - J. Sweeney
- UCD School of Business University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - K. F. Gough
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - E. W. Hill
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - L. M. Katz
- UCD, School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
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16
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Barakzai SZ, Wells J, Parkin TDH, Cramp P. Overground endoscopic findings and respiratory sound analysis in horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy after unilateral laser ventriculocordectomy. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:185-191. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Wells
- Department of Music University of York Yorkshire UK
| | | | - P. Cramp
- Hambleton Equine Clinic Great Ayton North Yorkshire UK
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17
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Ahern BJ, Lim YW, van Eps A, Franklin S. In vitro evaluation of the effect of a prototype dynamic laryngoplasty system on arytenoid abduction. Vet Surg 2018; 47:837-842. [PMID: 30084499 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a prototype dynamic laryngoplasty system (DLPS) on arytenoid abduction. STUDY DESIGN In vitro experimental. STUDY POPULATION Ten equine larynges. METHODS Dissected larynges were mounted, and the right arytenoid was maximally abducted for testing. A left-sided laryngoplasty (LP) was performed by using a strand of No. 2 FiberWire and a FASTakII anchor. Phase 1 involved tightening the suture, without the DLPS device in place, in 1-mm increments and acquiring a digital image of the rima glottidis at each increment. Phase 2 involved tying the suture with the DLPS in place at a left to right quotient (LRQ) of 0.7. Digital images were subsequently taken at 3 stages of DLPS activation (0, 25, and 50 or maximal psi) and analysed to calculate LRQ. RESULTS All tests were completed for 9 larynges. In phase 1, a total shortening of 25.89 ± 1.27 mm was possible, which increased the LRQ from 0.59 ± 0.02 to 1.07 ± 0.12. In phase 2, activation of the DLPS increased the LRQ from 0.70 ± 0.05 to 0.97 ± 0.09. This change in LRQ equated to 18.7 mm of shortening on the basis of phase 1 results. The maximum psi of the DLPS achieved was 37.33 ± 5.96. CONCLUSION The DLPS increased the degree of arytenoid abduction in vitro. This change in LRQ equated to 18.7 mm of shortening of the LP suture based on phase 1 results. CLINICAL IMPACT These results support further evaluation of the DLPS to determine the effect of changes in DLPS on airway resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Ahern
- Equine Specialist Hospital, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yee-Wei Lim
- Equine Specialist Hospital, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew van Eps
- Equine Specialist Hospital, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha Franklin
- Equine Health and Performance Centre, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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18
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Parente EJ. Upper Airway Conditions Affecting the Equine Athlete. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018; 34:427-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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19
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McGivney CL, Sweeney J, Gough KF, Hill EW, Katz LM. Impact of pharyngeal endoscopic tip placement and water flushing interval on upper respiratory tract disorders in horses undergoing overground endoscopy. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:173-178. [PMID: 29981190 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic tip placement in the pharynx and water flushing interval (FI) may affect exercising upper respiratory tract (URT) endoscopic results. OBJECTIVES To determine associations between the endoscopic tip position in the pharynx and automated FI with overground endoscopic (OGE) results. STUDY DESIGN Randomised balanced 2X5 factorial design. METHODS A total of n = 200 horses undergoing OGE were randomly assigned into 10 groups (n = 20/group) of different automated endoscopic FIs (no flushing, 60, 120, 180, 240 s) with the endoscope tip positioned either rostrally (position A) or caudally (position B) in the pharynx. Endoscopic videos were analysed and all URT abnormalities graded using published scales. Disorders with ≤10% prevalence were excluded from the final analysis with only arytenoid asymmetry at exercise (AAex), vocal fold collapse (VFC), palatal dysfunction (PD) and medial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (MDAF) included. The association of endoscope position and FI with URT disorders was assessed using ordinal regression models with P≤0.05 significant. RESULTS Endoscope tip positioning was significantly associated with PD grading (P = 0.002), with 63/100 horses diagnosed with PD in position A and 45/100 in position B. No other significant direct associations between URT disease and endoscope tip position were identified, although interactions between exercise velocity and endoscope position affected MDAF grade. FI was not directly associated with alterations in disorder grading, although interactions between exercise velocity and FI appeared to affect MDAF grade. MAIN LIMITATIONS The same horse was not evaluated under each test condition potentially resulting in sample bias. Interactions between disorders were not evaluated. The sample size was insufficient to conclusively explore relationships between all factors and disorder grading. CONCLUSIONS Position of the endoscope tip within the pharynx appears to affect grading of PD during OGE examination. Exercise velocity may affect MDAF grade through interactions with endoscope position and FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L McGivney
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Sweeney
- UCD School of Business, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K F Gough
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E W Hill
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L M Katz
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Rossignol F, Brandenberger O, Perkins JD, Marie JP, Mespoulhès-Rivière C, Ducharme NG. Modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in horses. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:457-464. [PMID: 29193393 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In horses, the only established method for reinnervation of the larynx is the nerve-muscle pedicle implantation, whereas in human medicine, direct nerve implantation is a standard surgical technique for selective laryngeal reinnervation in human patients suffering from bilateral vocal fold paralysis. OBJECTIVES (1) To describe a modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) in horses and (2) evaluate the outcomes of reinnervation using direct nerve needle-stimulation of the first cervical nerve and exercising endoscopy before and after surgery. STUDY DESIGN Case series. METHODS Nerve transplantation surgery, in which the first or second cervical nerve is tunnelled through the atrophied left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, was performed in combination with ipsilateral laser ventriculocordectomy. Ultrasound-guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the level of the alar foramen was used to confirm successful reinnervation post-operatively. Exercising endoscopy was performed before and after surgery. The exercising RLN grade of the left arytenoid was blindly determined at the highest stride frequency for each examination. RESULTS Surgery was performed in 17 client-owned animals with RLN. Reinnervation was confirmed by nerve stimulation and subsequent arytenoid abduction observed in 11 out of 12 cases between 4 and 12 months post-operatively. Fourteen horses had exercising endoscopy before and after surgery. Nine horses had an improved exercising RLN grade, four horses had the same exercising grade and one horse had a worse exercising grade after surgery. MAIN LIMITATIONS A sham-operated control group was not included and follow-up beyond 12 months and objective performance data were not obtained. CONCLUSIONS The modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique, using tunnelling and direct implantation of the donor nerve into the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, resulted in reinnervation in 11 out of 12 cases and improved exercising grade in 9 out of 14 horses within 12 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rossignol
- Equine Clinic of Grosbois, Boissy St Leger, France
| | - O Brandenberger
- Equine Clinic of Grosbois, Boissy St Leger, France.,Hanseklinik für Pferde, Sittensen, Germany
| | - J D Perkins
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | - J-P Marie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, UPRES EA 3830, GRHV, IRIB High Normandy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - N G Ducharme
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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21
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Parente EJ. Fifty years of recurring struggles with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:155-158. [PMID: 28976020 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy appears to be a simple problem that should have a simple solution, yet the complexity and dynamic nature of laryngeal function is underappreciated. This review highlights the challenges and accomplishments that work towards that greater understanding of what is necessary to find a successful solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Parente
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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Davison JA, Lumsden JM, Boston RC, Ahern BJ. Overground endoscopy in 311 Thoroughbred racehorses: findings and correlation to resting laryngeal function. Aust Vet J 2017; 95:338-342. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JA Davison
- Rossdales Equine Practice, Beaufort Cottage Stables; Newmarket Suffolk CB8 8JS UK
| | - JM Lumsden
- Randwick Equine Centre; Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - RC Boston
- University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center; PA USA
| | - BJ Ahern
- University of Queensland; UQ Gatton Campus Gatton Queensland Australia
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23
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Vidovic A, Delling U. Aryepiglottic fold augmentation as treatment for late-onset dysphagia following surgical treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2017; 45:219-225. [PMID: 28745776 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-160712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coughing and dysphagia have been described following prosthetic laryngoplasty (LP) with or without ventriculectomy/ventriculocordectomy (VE/VCE) for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. All previous case descriptions include patients with acute onset of clinical signs after surgery that persisted. The authors observed a late-onset of dysphagia and coughing months to years after LP ± VE/VCE. The condition was always associated with an abnormality of the aryepiglottic fold (AEF). Treatment options for those patients are limited. We suggest augmentation of the AEF as treatment for affected horses. The goal of the study was two-fold: Firstly, to describe a new condition of late-onset dysphagia in horses following LP ± VE/VCE associated with an abnormal appearance of the AEF, and secondly, to offer a minimally invasive and successful treatment for those patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six horses were presented because of dysphagia and coughing with an onset of months to years after LP ± VE/VCE. Endoscopically, the AEF always appeared thinner and more flaccid to a varying degree. The food path was traceable along the AEF into the trachea using dyed molasses. An initial injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) into the AEF led to immediate improvement of the dysphagia. The procedure was performed in the standing sedated horse. The needle was placed through the cricothyroid ligament and the injection performed under endoscopic guidance. RESULTS All horses tolerated the injection well. Injection of HA was successful only in the short term in all cases and repeated injections were needed for permanent resolution using either cross-linked HA, polyacrylamide hydrogel or platelet rich plasma. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Horses may develop dysphagia and coughing months to years after LP ± VE/VCE as a late-onset complication. The condition seems to be associated with an abnormal appearance and function of the AEF. Successful treatment is possible by augmenting the AEF. However, careful patient selection is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Vidovic
- Dr. Aleksandar Vidovic, Pferdeklinik St. Georg in Trier, Metternichstraße 9, 54292 Trier, Germany,
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Ahern BJ, Van Eps AW, Boston RC, Franklin SH. In vitro comparison of 3 techniques of prosthesis attachment to the muscular process of the equine arytenoid cartilage. Vet Surg 2017; 46:700-704. [PMID: 28462516 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the degree and ease of arytenoid abduction achieved with abaxial placement of a FASTak II suture anchor compared to 2 suture patterns with different directions of insertion-caudomedial to craniolateral and medial to lateral. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo experimental. STUDY POPULATION Cadaveric larynges from 10 Standardbred racehorses. METHODS Each larynx was sequentially instrumented with all 3 arytenoid suture attachment in random order: (1) abaxial placement of a FASTak II suture, (2) caudomedial to craniolateral suture, and (3) medial to lateral suture placement. Each construct was abducted at 5N increments from 0 to 25N and the left to right quotient angle ratio (LRQ) measured from digital pictures acquired at each sequential increment. RESULTS Arytenoid abduction (higher LRQ) was greater with FASTak II construct than either of the suture patterns. The largest difference occurred at 5N. Approximately 50% less force was required to achieve an LRQ of 1.0 with the FASTak II anchor compared to the suture patterns. No difference was detected between the 2 suture constructs throughout the study. CONCLUSION Use of the FASTak II suture anchor improved arytenoid abduction compared to 2 suture patterns and minimized the suture loads required to achieve maximum arytenoid abduction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the FASTak II anchor may decrease the suture load required to achieve arytenoid abduction in clinical cases. This may reduce the load placed on the laryngoplasty, thereby, minimizing postoperative loss of abduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Ahern
- Equine Specialist Hospital, University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew W Van Eps
- Equine Specialist Hospital, University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond C Boston
- University of Pennsylvania, Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha H Franklin
- Equine Health and Performance Centre, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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Biasutti S, Dart AJ, Jeffcott LB. A review of recent developments in the clinical application of prosthetic laryngoplasty for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy: Indications, complications and outcome. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Biasutti
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital; The University of Sydney; Camden New South Wales Australia
| | - A. J. Dart
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital; The University of Sydney; Camden New South Wales Australia
| | - L. B. Jeffcott
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital; The University of Sydney; Camden New South Wales Australia
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Barnett TP, Smith LCR, Cheetham J, Barakzai SZ, Southwood L, Marr CM. A call for consensus on upper airway terminology. Equine Vet J 2015; 47:505-7. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - C. M. Marr
- EVJ Editorial Office; Ely Cambridgeshire UK
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