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Pro-pigmentary action of 5-fluorouracil through the stimulated secretion of CXCL12 by dermal fibroblasts. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:2475-2482. [PMID: 34507320 PMCID: PMC8654429 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with therapeutic trauma can effectively induce skin repigmentation in vitiligo patients who are unresponsive to conventional treatments. Previous studies have mainly focused on identifying the antimitotic activity of 5-FU for the treatment of skin cancer, but few studies have investigated its extra-genotoxic actions favoring melanocyte recruitment. Methods: We utilized the full thickness excisional skin wound model in Dct-LacZ transgenic mice to dynamically assess the migration of melanocytes in the margins of wounds treated with or without 5-FU. The in-situ expression of CXCL12 was examined in the wound beds using immunofluorescence staining. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of CXCL12 mRNA and protein in primary mouse dermal fibroblasts treated with or without 5-FU. Transwell assays and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-phalloidin staining were used to observe cell migration and filamentous actin (F-actin) changes of melan-a murine melanocytes. Results: Whole mount and cryosection X-gal staining showed that the cell numbers of LacZ-positive melanocytes were much higher in the margins of dorsal and tail skin wounds treated with 5-FU compared with the controls. Meanwhile, CXCL12 immunostaining was significantly increased in the dermal compartment of wounds treated with 5-FU (control vs. 5-FU, 22.47 ± 8.85 vs. 44.69 ± 5.97, P < 0.05). Moreover, 5-FU significantly upregulated the expression levels of CXCL12 mRNA (control vs. 5-FU, 1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 1.54 ± 0.06, P < 0.05) and protein (control vs. 5-FU, 1.00 ± 0.06 vs. 2.93 ± 0.10, P < 0.05) in cultured fibroblasts. Inhibition of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis suppressed melanocyte migration in vitro using a CXCL12 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100). Conclusion: 5-FU possesses a pro-pigmentary activity through activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis to drive the chemotactic migration of melanocytes.
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Yari A, Heidari F, Veijouye SJ, Nobakht M. Hair follicle stem cells promote cutaneous wound healing through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis: an animal model. J Wound Care 2021; 29:526-536. [PMID: 32924817 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.9.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An appropriate source of adult stem cells for therapeutic use is stem cells deriving from the hair follicle bulge. Following injury, ischaemic tissues produce a variety of cytokines and growth factors that are essential for tissue repair. This study sought to investigate the temporal effects of hair follicle bulge stem cells (HFSCs) on cutaneous wound healing in rats using the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. METHOD HFSCs obtained from rat vibrissa, labeled with DiI and then special markers, were detected using flow cytometry. The animals were divided into five groups: control (non-treated, n=18), sham (PBS, n=18), AMD (treated with AMD3100, n=18), HFSC + AMD (treated with HFSCs + AMD3100, n=18) and HFSC (treated with HFSCs, n=18). A full-thickness excisional wound model was created and DiI-labeled HFSCs were injected around the wound bed. Wound healing was recorded with digital photographs. The animals were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after the surgery and were used for histological (H&E, Masson's trichrome staining) and molecular (ELISA and q-PCR) assays. RESULTS The flow cytometry results demonstrated that HFSCs were CD34-positive, nestin-positive, but Kr15-negative. The morphological analysis of the HFSC-treated wounds showed accelerated wound closure. The histological analysis of the photomicrographs exhibited more re-epithelialisation and dermal structural regeneration in the HFSC-treated wounds compared with the control group. In the HFSC + AMD group, the histological parameters improved on the same days, but showed a significant decrease compared with the HFSC group in all the days assayed. In the AMD group, there was a significant reduction in the noted parameters. qRT-PCR and ELISA showed a high expression level of SDF-1α, CXCR4 and VEGFR-2 in the HFSC-treated wounded skin tissue, but the expression of CXCR4 and VEGFR-2 showed a significant reduction in the HFSC + AMD group compared with the HFSC group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, HFSC transplantation affects wound closure parameters and the expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4. As the SDF-1α expression level increases in the injured area, the HFSCs contribute to wound repair through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. This result is extremely valuable because it raises the possibility of wounds healed by isolating autologous HFSCs from the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Yari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Dietary Supplements and Probiotics Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Sanaz Joulai Veijouye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Nobakht
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Infectious Diseases, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Iran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Schneckenreither G, Tschandl P, Rippinger C, Sinz C, Brunmeir D, Popper N, Kittler H. Reproduction of patterns in melanocytic proliferations by agent-based simulation and geometric modeling. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008660. [PMID: 33539342 PMCID: PMC7888658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatio-temporal patterns of melanocytic proliferations observed in vivo are important for diagnosis but the mechanisms that produce them are poorly understood. Here we present an agent-based model for simulating the emergence of the main biologic patterns found in melanocytic proliferations. Our model portrays the extracellular matrix of the dermo-epidermal junction as a two-dimensional manifold and we simulate cellular migration in terms of geometric translations driven by adhesive, repulsive and random forces. Abstracted cellular functions and melanocyte-matrix interactions are modeled as stochastic events. For identification and validation we use visual renderings of simulated cell populations in a horizontal perspective that reproduce growth patterns observed in vivo by sequential dermatoscopy and corresponding vertical views that reproduce the arrangement of melanocytes observed in histopathologic sections. Our results show that a balanced interplay of proliferation and migration produces the typical reticular pattern of nevi, whereas the globular pattern involves additional cellular mechanisms. We further demonstrate that slight variations in the three basic cellular properties proliferation, migration, and adhesion are sufficient to produce a large variety of morphological appearances of nevi. We anticipate our model to be a starting point for the reproduction of more complex scenarios that will help to establish functional connections between abstracted microscopic behavior and macroscopic patterns in all types of melanocytic proliferations including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schneckenreither
- Institute of Information Systems Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,dwh simulation service, dwh GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Tschandl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Sinz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nikolas Popper
- Institute of Information Systems Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,dwh simulation service, dwh GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kittler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Alencar-Silva T, Zonari A, Foyt D, Gang M, Pogue R, Saldanha-Araujo F, Dias SC, Franco OL, Carvalho JL. IDR-1018 induces cell proliferation, migration, and reparative gene expression in 2D culture and 3D human skin equivalents. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2018-2030. [PMID: 31408919 DOI: 10.1002/term.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin lesions are associated with functional/cosmetic problems for those afflicted. Scarless regeneration is a challenge, not limited to the skin, and focus of active investigation. Recently, the host defense peptide innate defense regulatory peptide 1018 (IDR-1018) has shown exciting regenerative properties. Nevertheless, literature regarding IDR-1018 regenerative potential is scarce and limited to animal models. Here, we evaluated the regenerative potential of IDR-1018 using human 2D and 3D human skin equivalents. First, we investigated IDR-1018 using human cells found in skin-primary fibroblasts, primary keratinocytes, and the MeWo melanocytes cell line. IDR-1018 promoted cell proliferation and expression of marker of proliferation Ki-67, matrix metalloproteinase 1, and hyaluronan synthase 2 by fibroblasts. In keratinocytes, a drastic increase in expression was observed for Ki-67, matrix metalloproteinase 1, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 7, fibroblast growth factor 2, hyaluronan synthase 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and elastin, reflecting an intense stimulation of these cells. In melanocytes, increased migration and proliferation were observed following IDR-1018 treatment. The capacity of IDR-1018 to promote dermal contraction was verified using a dermal model. Finally, using a 3D human skin equivalent lesion model, we revealed that the regenerative potential of IDR1018, previously tested in mice and pigs, is valid for human skin tissue. Lesions closed faster in IDR-1018-treated samples, and the gene expression signature observed in 2D was reproduced in the 3D human skin equivalents. Overall, the present data show the regenerative potential of IDR-1018 in an experimental system comprising human cells, underscoring the potential application for clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuany Alencar-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Foyt
- OneSkin Technologies, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Pogue
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Hematologia, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brazil.,OneSkin Technologies, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
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CXCL12 regulates differentiation of human immature melanocyte precursors as well as their migration. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 311:55-62. [PMID: 30483878 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) are localized in the bulge region of hair follicles and supply melanocytes, which determine hair color by synthesizing melanin. Ectopic differentiation of McSCs, which are usually undifferentiated in the bulge region, causes depletion of McSCs and results in hair graying. Therefore, to prevent hair graying, it is essential to maintain McSCs in the bulge region, but the mechanism of McSC maintenance remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the role of CXCL12, a chemokine which was previously suggested to induce migration of melanocyte lineage cells, as a niche component of McSCs. Immunohistological analysis revealed that CXCL12 was highly expressed in the bulge region of human hair follicles. CXCL12 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in white hairs plucked from human scalps than in black hairs. CXCL12 attracted the migration of early-passage normal human epidermal melanocytes (eNHEMs), an in vitro model of McSCs, which had characteristics of immature melanocyte precursors. We also found that CXCL12 suppressed their differentiation. These results suggest that CXCL12 regulates differentiation of McSCs as well as their proper localization, and maintaining McSCs by regulating CXCL12 expression level in the bulge region may be a key to preventing hair graying.
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Dehghan Harati M, Yu A, Magaki SD, Perez-Rosendahl M, Im K, Park YK, Bergsneider M, Yong WH. Clinicopathologic features and pathogenesis of melanocytic colonization in atypical meningioma. Neuropathology 2017; 38:54-61. [PMID: 28833600 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Only two prior cases of benign dendritic melanocytes colonizing a meningioma have been reported. We add a third case, describe clinicopathologic features shared by the three, and elucidate the risk factors for this very rare phenomenon. A 29 year-old Hispanic woman presented with headache and hydrocephalus. MRI showed a lobulated enhancing pineal region mass measuring 41 mm in greatest dimension. Subtotal resection of the mass demonstrated an atypical meningioma, WHO grade II, and the patient subsequently underwent radiotherapy. She presented 4 years later with diplopia, and MRI showed an enhancing extra-axial mass measuring 47 mm in greatest dimension and centered on the tentorial incisura. Subtotal resection showed a brain-invasive atypical meningioma with melanocytic colonization. The previous two cases in the literature were atypical meningiomas, one of which was also brain invasive. Atypical meningiomas may be at particular risk for melanocytic colonization as they upregulate molecules known to be chemoattractants for melanocytes. We detected c-Kit expression in a minority of the melanocytes as well as stem cell factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the meningioma cells, suggesting that mechanisms implicated in normal melanocyte migration may be involved. In some cases, brain invasion with disruption of the leptomeningeal barrier may also facilitate migration from the subarachnoid space into the tumor. Whether there is low-level proliferation of the dendritic melanocytes is unclear. Given that all three patients were non-Caucasian, meningiomas in persons and/or brain regions with increased dendritic melanocytes may predispose to colonization. The age range spanned from 6 years old to 70 years old. All three patients were female. The role of gender and estrogen in the pathogenesis of this entity remains to be clarified. Whether melanocytic colonization may also occur in the more common Grade I meningiomas awaits identification of additional cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Dehghan Harati
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew Yu
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shino D Magaki
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mari Perez-Rosendahl
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyuseok Im
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Young K Park
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marvin Bergsneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yamauchi A, Yamamura M, Katase N, Itadani M, Okada N, Kobiki K, Nakamura M, Yamaguchi Y, Kuribayashi F. Evaluation of pancreatic cancer cell migration with multiple parameters in vitro by using an optical real-time cell mobility assay device. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:234. [PMID: 28359316 PMCID: PMC5374612 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migration of cancer cell correlates with distant metastasis and local invasion, which are good targets for cancer treatment. An optically accessible device “TAXIScan” was developed, which provides considerably more information regarding the cellular dynamics and less quantity of samples than do the existing methods. Here, we report the establishment of a system to analyze the nature of pancreatic cancer cells using TAXIScan and we evaluated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-elicited pancreatic cell migration. Methods Pancreatic cancer cell lines, BxPC3, PANC-1, AsPC1, and MIAPaCa-2, were analyzed for adhesion as well as migration towards LPA by TAXIScan using parameters such as velocity and directionality or for the number of migrated cells by the Boyden chamber methods. To confirm that the migration was initiated by LPA, the expression of LPA receptors and activation of intracellular signal transductions were examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction and western blotting. Results Scaffold coating was necessary for the adhesion of pancreatic cancer cells, and collagen I and Matrigel were found to be good scaffolds. BxPC3 and PANC-1 cells clearly migrated towards the concentration gradient formed by injecting 1 μL LPA, which was abrogated by pre-treatment with LPA inhibitor, Ki16425 (IC50 for the directionality ≈ 1.86 μM). The LPA dependent migration was further confirmed by mRNA and protein expression of LPA receptors as well as phosphorylation of signaling molecules. LPA1 mRNA was highest among the 6 receptors, and LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3 proteins were detected in BxPC3 and PANC-1 cells. Phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) and p42/44MAPK in BxPC3 and PANC-1 cells was observed after LPA stimulation, which was clearly inhibited by pre-treatment with a compound Ki16425. Conclusions We established a novel pancreatic cancer cell migration assay system using TAXIScan. This assay device provides multiple information on migrating cells simultaneously, such as their morphology, directionality, and velocity, with a small volume of sample and can be a powerful tool for analyzing the nature of cancer cells and for identifying new factors that affect cell functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3218-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yamamura
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Katase
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masumi Itadani
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Naoko Okada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kobiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Futoshi Kuribayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
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