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Brandlmaier M, Hoellwerth M, Koelblinger P, Lang R, Harrer A. Adjuvant PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibition in Early Cutaneous Melanoma: Immunological Mode of Action and the Role of Ultraviolet Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1461. [PMID: 38672543 PMCID: PMC11047851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma ranks as the fifth most common solid cancer in adults worldwide and is responsible for a significant proportion of skin-tumor-related deaths. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies has revolutionized the adjuvant treatment of high-risk, completely resected stage III/IV melanoma. However, not all patients benefit equally. Current strategies for improving outcomes involve adjuvant treatment in earlier disease stages (IIB/C) as well as perioperative treatment approaches. Interfering with T-cell exhaustion to counteract cancer immune evasion and the immunogenic nature of melanoma is key for anti-PD-1 effectiveness. Yet, the biological rationale for the efficacy of adjuvant treatment in clinically tumor-free patients remains to be fully elucidated. High-dose intermittent sun exposure (sunburn) is a well-known primary risk factor for melanomagenesis. Also, ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced immunosuppression may impair anti-cancer immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about adjuvant anti-PD-1 blockade, including a characterization of the main cell types most likely responsible for its efficacy. In conclusion, we propose that local and systemic immunosuppression, to some extent UVR-mediated, can be restored by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy, consequently boosting anti-melanoma immune surveillance and the elimination of residual melanoma cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brandlmaier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Magdalena Hoellwerth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Roland Lang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea Harrer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.); (P.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Castro-Pérez E, Singh M, Sadangi S, Mela-Sánchez C, Setaluri V. Connecting the dots: Melanoma cell of origin, tumor cell plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:330-347. [PMID: 37132530 PMCID: PMC10524512 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a lethal malignancy that arises from melanocytes, exhibits a multiplicity of clinico-pathologically distinct subtypes in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas. Melanocytes are derived from multipotent neural crest cells and are present in diverse anatomical locations, including skin, eyes, and various mucosal membranes. Tissue-resident melanocyte stem cells and melanocyte precursors contribute to melanocyte renewal. Elegant studies using mouse genetic models have shown that melanoma can arise from either melanocyte stem cells or differentiated pigment-producing melanocytes depending on a combination of tissue and anatomical site of origin and activation of oncogenic mutations (or overexpression) and/or the repression in expression or inactivating mutations in tumor suppressors. This variation raises the possibility that different subtypes of human melanomas (even subsets within each subtype) may also be a manifestation of malignancies of distinct cells of origin. Melanoma is known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity and trans-differentiation (defined as a tendency to differentiate into cell lineages other than the original lineage from which the tumor arose) along vascular and neural lineages. Additionally, stem cell-like properties such as pseudo-epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT-like) transition and expression of stem cell-related genes have also been associated with the development of melanoma drug resistance. Recent studies that employed reprogramming melanoma cells to induced pluripotent stem cells have uncovered potential relationships between melanoma plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance and implications for cell or origin of human cutaneous melanoma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on melanoma cell of origin and the relationship between tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Mithalesh Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Shreyans Sadangi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Carmen Mela-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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3
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Gu J, Wei B, Gao B, Duan R, Sheng L, Zheng D, Bao Y, Xie F. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features of Small to Big Satellite Nevus Uncover the Nevogenesis of Large/Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9024548. [PMID: 36523350 PMCID: PMC9745446 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9024548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The nevogenesis of large/giant congenital melanocytic nevus (lgCMN) is a complex biological process including several integral prenatal stages. Limited by ethical concerns, the debate of whether lgCMN develops from the epidermis to the dermis or in the opposite direction remains controversial. With the present study of the accompanying satellite nevi, we tend to support that lgCMN develops from epidermis to dermis. The satellite nevi were divided into 3 groups: big (diameter >10 mm), medium (>5 mm but ≤10 mm), and small (≤5 mm). Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining (SOX10, Ki67, and p16) were performed to compare the nevocyte infiltration depth as well as the positively stained rates among these satellite nevi. Compared to big satellite nevi, less deeply the nevocytes infiltrated the dermis, as well as more cells expressed SOX10 and Ki67 in the epidermis and fewer cells expressed p16 in the dermis of small satellite nevi. Additionally, two specimens were obtained from each of 4 patients who underwent serial resections of lgCMN at an average interval of 1.75 years to examine the histopathological changes. In the present study, satellite nevi of different sizes represent different stages of lgCMN from early to late, deepening our comprehension of the sequential stages of lgCMN nevogenesis. Initially, abnormal nevocytes seeded, proliferated, and spread along the epidermis. At rete ridges that protrude from the papillary dermis within the epidermis, some nevocytes formed nests and gradually penetrated into the dermis. Eventually, the nevocytes infiltrated the dermis and entered a homeostatic state. This study provides new evidence supporting the theory of epidermal-to-dermal nevogenesis in lgCMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Boxuan Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bowen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lingling Sheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Danning Zheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yongyang Bao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Battaglia L, Scomparin A, Dianzani C, Milla P, Muntoni E, Arpicco S, Cavalli R. Nanotechnology Addressing Cutaneous Melanoma: The Italian Landscape. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1617. [PMID: 34683910 PMCID: PMC8540596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, with a low survival for the metastatic stage. Currently, clinical melanoma treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, innovative therapeutic regimens concern the administration of multitarget drugs in tandem, in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, also, if this drug combination is clinically relevant, the patient's response is not yet optimal. In this scenario, nanotechnology-based delivery systems can play a crucial role in the clinical treatment of advanced melanoma. In fact, their nano-features enable targeted drug delivery at a cellular level by overcoming biological barriers. Various nanomedicines have been proposed for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, and a relevant number of them are undergoing clinical trials. In Italy, researchers are focusing on the pharmaceutical development of nanoformulations for malignant melanoma therapy. The present review reports an overview of the main melanoma-addressed nanomedicines currently under study in Italy, alongside the state of the art of melanoma therapy. Moreover, the latest Italian advances concerning the pre-clinical evaluation of nanomedicines for melanoma are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Scomparin
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
- . Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Paola Milla
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
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Clinicopathological Analysis of Acquired Melanocytic Nevi and a Preliminary Study on the Possible Origin of Nevus Cells. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 42:414-422. [PMID: 31880593 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) is still unclear, and the origin of nevus cells has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical features and pathological types of AMN and identify the possible origin of nevus cells. METHODS A retrospective study of 2929 cases of AMN was conducted, and 96 specimens of intradermal and junctional nevi were selected. Immunohistochemical assays were performed to detect the expression of basement membrane component receptor DDR-1 and the molecular markers on epidermal melanocytes, dermal stem cells (DSCs), and hair follicle stem cells. RESULTS Junctional nevi and compound nevi were prone to occur on glabrous skin, such as the palms, soles, and vulva, and on the extremities in children, whereas intradermal nevi tended to develop on the trunk, head, and face of adults. The immunohistochemical data revealed that both junctional nevi and intradermal nevi expressed the epidermal melanocyte surface markers E-cadherin, DDR-1, and integrin α6 and the DSC molecular markers NGFRp-75 and nestin. CD34 was expressed only in junctional nevi, whereas K19 was not expressed in any type of melanocytic nevi. There was no significant difference in molecular expression at different sites or in different ages of onset. Nestin expression was markedly stronger in the intradermal nevi than in the junctional nevi, but there was no difference between the superficial and deep nevus cell nests of intradermal nevi. CONCLUSION AMN may have a multicellular origin that commonly follows the mode of Abtropfung. Furthermore, DSCs may partly or independently participate in the formation of nevus cells.
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Cramer SF, Salgado CM, Reyes-Múgica M. A study of dermal melanophages in childhood nevi. Reassessing so-called "pigment incontinence". J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:809-814. [PMID: 32314421 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In inflammatory dermatoses, dermal melanophages (MLP) are ascribed to "pigment incontinence," with melanin "dropping down" from the epidermis. Although this is analogous to the "dropping down" of melanocytic nevus cells (Abtropfung), MLP in ordinary nevi have not been systematically studied-so "pigment incontinence" may not apply to MLP in nevi. A total of 31 childhood nevi identified by pediatricians and family practitioners were evaluated for the distribution of MLP. We tested the hypothesis that a dermal origin of the melanin in MLP is more likely than dropping down from the epidermis. In our cohort, 90.3% (28/31) of childhood nevi had dermal MLP, a significantly higher frequency, compared to 31/60 ordinary adult nevi (P < 0.0001). Superficial dermis was the most common location (P < 0.001). However, only six specimens had MLP restricted to the superficial dermis, significantly less than predicted by the theory that melanin drops down from the epidermis (P < 0.00001). We also evaluated perivascular MLP, since nerves run together with vessels in neurovascular bundles (NVB), and it has been showed that precursors of melanocytes migrate from the neural crest to the skin as nerve sheath stem cells. Superficial NVB MLP correlated with deep NVB bundle MLP (P < 0.05), suggesting that NVB MLP represent "tombstones" for superficial and deep dermal nevus cells. Deep dermal, deep NVB, and deep periadnexal MLP may be valid biological criteria for diagnosis of congenital type (prenatal) nevi. Viewing prenatal nevi in children as a neurocristopathy fits a major principle of pediatric pathology: childhood diseases should be studied and understood based on what happens during tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart F Cramer
- Department of Pathology, Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Cláudia M Salgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Sun Q, Lee W, Mohri Y, Takeo M, Lim CH, Xu X, Myung P, Atit RP, Taketo MM, Moubarak RS, Schober M, Osman I, Gay DL, Saur D, Nishimura EK, Ito M. A novel mouse model demonstrates that oncogenic melanocyte stem cells engender melanoma resembling human disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5023. [PMID: 31685822 PMCID: PMC6828673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer, remains largely incurable at advanced stages. Currently, there is a lack of animal models that resemble human melanoma initiation and progression. Recent studies using a Tyr-CreER driven mouse model have drawn contradictory conclusions about the potential of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) to form melanoma. Here, we employ a c-Kit-CreER-driven model that specifically targets McSCs to show that oncogenic McSCs are a bona fide source of melanoma that expand in the niche, and then establish epidermal melanomas that invade into the underlying dermis. Further, normal Wnt and Endothelin niche signals during hair anagen onset are hijacked to promote McSC malignant transformation during melanoma induction. Finally, molecular profiling reveals strong resemblance of murine McSC-derived melanoma to human melanoma in heterogeneity and gene signatures. These findings provide experimental validation of the human melanoma progression model and key insights into the transformation and heterogeneity of McSC-derived melanoma. Currently, few mouse models exist to recapitulate human melanomagenesis. Here, the authors establish a c-Kit-CreER-driven model to target melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) and show that oncogenic McSCs give rise to epidermal melanoma that invade into the dermis, similar to human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeo
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peggy Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rana S Moubarak
- Department of Pathology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Markus Schober
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Denise L Gay
- Inserm UMR_967, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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8
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Castro-Pérez E, Rodríguez CI, Mikheil D, Siddique S, McCarthy A, Newton MA, Setaluri V. Melanoma Progression Inhibits Pluripotency and Differentiation of Melanoma-Derived iPSCs Produces Cells with Neural-like Mixed Dysplastic Phenotype. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:177-192. [PMID: 31231022 PMCID: PMC6627006 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity. However, the role cellular plasticity plays in melanoma tumor progression and drug resistance is not fully understood. Here, we used reprogramming of melanocytes and melanoma cells to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) to investigate the relationship between cellular plasticity and melanoma progression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor resistance. We found that melanocyte reprogramming is prevented by the expression of oncogenic BRAF, and in melanoma cells harboring oncogenic BRAF and sensitive to MAPK inhibitors, reprogramming can be restored by inhibition of the activated oncogenic pathway. Our data also suggest that melanoma tumor progression acts as a barrier to reprogramming. Under conditions that promote melanocytic differentiation of fibroblast- and melanocyte-derived iPSCs, melanoma-derived iPSCs exhibited neural cell-like dysplasia and increased MAPK inhibitor resistance. These data suggest that iPSC-like reprogramming and drug resistance of differentiated cells can serve as a model to understand melanoma cell plasticity-dependent mechanisms in recurrence of aggressive drug-resistant melanoma. Metastatic melanoma exhibits less plasticity to reprogramming than primary melanoma Oncogenic BRAFV600E and resistance to MAPKi inhibit reprogramming of melanoma Differentiation of melanoma-iPSCs produces cells with mixed dysplastic phenotype Melanoma-iPSC-differentiated cells exhibit acquired resistance to MAPKi
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Carlos I Rodríguez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dareen Mikheil
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shakir Siddique
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexandra McCarthy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Department of Statistics, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Rouillé T, Aractingi S, Kadlub N, Fraitag S, How-Kit A, Daunay A, Hivelin M, Moguelet P, Picard A, Fontaine RH, Guégan S. Local Inhibition of MEK/Akt Prevents Cellular Growth in Human Congenital Melanocytic Nevi. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2004-2015.e13. [PMID: 31059696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The management of large congenital melanocytic nevi (lCMN) is based exclusively on iterative surgical procedures in the absence of validated medical therapy. The aim of our study was to develop an intra-lesional medical treatment for lCMN. Seventeen patients harboring NRAS-mutated lCMN were included. Nevocytes obtained from lCMN displayed an overactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Akt) pathways. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and Akt inhibitors reduced the nevosphere diameter in sphere-forming assays, as well as cell viability and proliferation in in vitro assays. Standardized lCMN explants were then cultured ex vivo with the same inhibitors, which induced a decrease in MelanA+ and Sox10+ cells in both epidermis and dermis. Finally, intradermal injections of these inhibitors were administered within standardized lCMN xenografts in Rag2-/- mice. They induced a dramatic decrease in nevocytes in treated xenografts, which persisted 30 days after the end of treatment. Using original nevus explant and xenograft preclinical models, we demonstrated that intradermal MEK/Akt inhibition might serve as neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of NRAS-mutated congenital melanocytic nevi to avoid iterative surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rouillé
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMRS_938, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Selim Aractingi
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMRS_938, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Dermatology, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Kadlub
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Department of Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Mikael Hivelin
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Department of Plastic Surgery, Paris, France
| | | | - Arnaud Picard
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Romain H Fontaine
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMRS_938, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Guégan
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMRS_938, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Dermatology, Paris, France.
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Kumar R, Garg C, Saikia UN, N Rao KL. Concurrent Congenital Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma and Congenital Nevus of Infancy: A Syndromic or Chance Association. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2018; 23:219-221. [PMID: 30443119 PMCID: PMC6182949 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_163_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital nevi and fibrolipomatous hamartoma are benign tumors of childhood, the latter being very uncommon. Fibrous hamartoma of infancy typically occurs in <2 years of life. The concurrence of these two lesions is extremely rare. We report a case of congenital fibrolipomatous hamartoma and congenital nevus of infancy in a 6-month-old male infant. Clinically, a suspicion of benign versus malignant lesion beneath the giant congenital nevus prompted its surgical removal. The histopathology confirmed it to be a compound lesion with benign melanocytic nevi and fascicles of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm representing hamartoma. Several types of melanocytic combined lesions have been noted with neuroectodermal and mesenchymal components. Sometimes, malignant soft-tissue neoplasm such as liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and ganglioneuroblastoma do occur. This case report highlights the role of prompt surgical excision and histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chandni Garg
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K L N Rao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Murtas D, Rongioletti F, Ferreli C, Atzori L, Pilloni L. Ossification into the osteo-nevus of Nanta: an interpretative insight. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:e10-e12. [PMID: 30374960 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Dermatology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Dermatology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Atzori
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Dermatology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Pilloni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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12
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Murtas D, Pilloni L, Diana A, Casula L, Tomei S, Piras F, Ferreli C, Maxia C, Perra MT. Tyrosinase and nestin immunohistochemical expression in melanocytic nevi as a histopathologic pattern to trace melanocyte differentiation and nevogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:175-185. [PMID: 30232588 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
While histological analysis represents a powerful tool for the classification of melanocytic lesions as benign or malignant, a clear-cut distinction between a nevus and a melanoma is sometimes a challenging step of the diagnostic process. The immunohistochemical detection of tyrosinase, cardinal melanogenic enzyme during melanocytic maturation, has often been helpful in formulating a differential diagnosis due to the peculiar staining pattern in nevocytes compared with melanoma cells. Tyrosinase distribution in nevi appears to overlap with the cytoarchitectural changes observable within these lesions, that result in epidermal or superficial dermal nevocytes being larger and strongly expressing melanocytic differentiation antigens, such as tyrosinase, compared with deeper dermal nevus cells. Our study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression pattern of tyrosinase in different histological types of acquired dysplastic melanocytic nevi, including junctional, compound, and intradermal nevi. Moreover, to estimate whether in nevocytes the expression of tyrosinase was associated with their differentiation state, we investigated the expression of two recognized markers of pluripotency, CD34 and nestin. In all examined nevi, our analysis revealed a remarkable immunoreactivity for tyrosinase in junctional and superficial dermal nevocytes and a decreasing gradient of staining in dermal nevocytes, up to become negative in deeper dermis. Meanwhile, junctional and dermal nevocytes were lacking in CD34 protein. Furthermore, nestin immunostaining showed an opposite distribution compared with tyrosinase, leading us to look into the tyrosinase/nestin expression pattern in melanocytic nevus as a tool to better understand the final stages of differentiation of melanocyte precursors toward their ultimate anatomical site into the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Murtas
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. 8, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Luca Pilloni
- Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Diana
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. 8, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Laura Casula
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Tomei
- Omics Core and Biorepository, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Franca Piras
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. 8, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Maxia
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. 8, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Perra
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. 8, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
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13
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Emri G, Paragh G, Tósaki Á, Janka E, Kollár S, Hegedűs C, Gellén E, Horkay I, Koncz G, Remenyik É. Ultraviolet radiation-mediated development of cutaneous melanoma: An update. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2018; 185:169-175. [PMID: 29936410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is absorbed by nucleic acids, proteins or other endogenous chromophores, such as porphyrins, flavins and melanin, triggering biological processes in skin cells. Both UV-induced mutations in melanocytes and changes in the immune microenvironment are understood to play a role in the development of cutaneous melanoma. The degree of UV-induced stress and the protection against this stress are influenced by both intracellular and intercellular molecular interactions. The present review summarizes the known major molecular biological changes induced by UV light in the skin that play a role in melanoma initiation and promotion. Nevertheless, cutaneous melanoma is not a homogenous disease, and the interaction of variable environmental exposure and different genetic susceptibility and other host factors lead to the formation of melanomas with different biological behavior and clinical characteristics. This review highlights the challenges in the understanding of how UV radiation contributes to the formation of cutaneous melanoma, and reviews the new results of photobiology and their link to tumor genetics and tumor immunology with potential implications on melanoma prevention and therapeutic strategies. The information presented here is expected to add clarity to ongoing research efforts in this field to aid the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ágnes Tósaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Janka
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kollár
- Department of Pathology, Kenézy Gyula Hospital, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Gellén
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Irén Horkay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koncz
- Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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14
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Orfanidis K, Wäster P, Lundmark K, Rosdahl I, Öllinger K. Evaluation of tubulin β-3 as a novel senescence-associated gene in melanocytic malignant transformation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:243-254. [PMID: 28024114 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma might develop from melanocytic nevi in which the growth-arrested state has been broken. We analyzed the gene expression of young and senescent human melanocytes in culture and compared the gene expression data with a dataset from nevi and melanomas. A concordant altered gene expression was identified in 84 genes when comparing the growth-arrested samples with proliferating samples. TUBB3, which encodes the microtubule protein tubulin β-3, showed a decreased expression in senescent melanocytes and nevi and was selected for further studies. Depletion of tubulin β-3 caused accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased proliferation and migration. Immunohistochemical assessment of tubulin β-3 in benign lesions revealed strong staining in the superficial part of the intradermal components, which faded with depth. In contrast, primary melanomas exhibited staining without gradient in a disordered pattern and strong staining of the invasive front. Our results describe an approach to find clinically useful diagnostic biomarkers to more precisely identify cutaneous malignant melanoma and present tubulin β-3 as a candidate marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Orfanidis
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Petra Wäster
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Lundmark
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Inger Rosdahl
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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15
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Katoulis AC, Sgouros D, Argenziano G, Rallis E, Panayiotides I, Rigopoulos D. Surgical suturing-induced melanocytic nevi. A new type of eruptive melanocytic nevi? J Dermatol Case Rep 2016; 10:49-52. [PMID: 28400894 DOI: 10.3315/jdcr.2016.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nevogenesis is a complex process involving several pathogenetic mechanisms, including genetic factors, hormonal influences and UV-radiation. Trauma has been described as a triggering factor for an alternative pathway of nevogenesis. Eruptive melanocytic nevi (EMN), related either to immunosuppression or to blistering disorders, represent a special type of nevi probably induced by the disruption of the dermo-epidermal junction and consequent proliferation of quiescent pigment cells during re-epithelization. MAIN OBSERVATIONS We report two patients with three melanocytic nevi that developed de novo along the direction of surgical suturing, following surgical operation for other reason. The lesions exhibited special dermoscopic characteristics and histology revealed features of acquired melanocytic nevi. CONCLUSIONS Such cases may represent a new type of eruptive nevus, the surgical suturing-induced nevus, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of new pigmentation developing within a scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Katoulis
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Attikon" University General Hospital, 1 Rimini str, 12462, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Sgouros
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Attikon" University General Hospital, 1 Rimini str, 12462, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, 2nd University of Naples, 43 Antonio Vivaldi str, 81100, Caserta CE, Naples, Italy
| | - Efstathios Rallis
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Administration Hospital, 10 Monis Petraki str, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Panayiotides
- 2nd Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Attikon" University General Hospital, 1 Rimini str, 12462, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Attikon" University General Hospital, 1 Rimini str, 12462, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
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16
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Guégan S, Kadlub N, Picard A, Rouillé T, Charbel C, Coulomb-L'Hermine A, How-Kit A, Fraitag S, Aractingi S, Fontaine RH. Varying proliferative and clonogenic potential inNRAS-mutated congenital melanocytic nevi according to size. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:789-96. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guégan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
- Department of Dermatology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon; Paris France
| | - Natacha Kadlub
- Université René Descartes-Paris V; Paris France
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- Université René Descartes-Paris V; Paris France
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Thomas Rouillé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
| | - Christelle Charbel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
| | - Aurore Coulomb-L'Hermine
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
- Department of Pathology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau; Paris France
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics; Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH; Paris France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Department of Pathology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Selim Aractingi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université René Descartes-Paris V; Paris France
- Department of Dermatology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin; Paris France
| | - Romain H. Fontaine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
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17
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Woltsche N, Schwab C, Deinlein T, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Zalaudek I. Dermoscopy in the era of dermato-oncology: from bed to bench side and retour. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:531-41. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2016.1168700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Damanpour S, Grichnik JM. Conceptual approach to early melanoma detection: models, tools, issues and challenges. Melanoma Manag 2015; 2:327-337. [PMID: 30190861 PMCID: PMC6094681 DOI: 10.2217/mmt.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and removal of melanoma early in its development remains the most effective treatment. However, identification of early melanoma remains challenging and may result in unnecessary morbidity due to the excess excision of benign melanocytic nevi. Herein, we present a conceptual model of benign and malignant melanocytic growths. The potential differences in the location of the cell of origin as well as considerations for neoplasm progression are also reviewed. Several of the clinical tools currently available, the integration of information from those different sources, and approaches to set an optimum biopsy threshold are discussed. While early detection remains a challenge, significant progress has been made. Insight into melanoma growth processes and appropriate use of available tools can result in the detection of thinner melanomas while also decreasing overall biopsy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Damanpour
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James M Grichnik
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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19
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Schneider SL, Ross AL, Grichnik JM. Do inflammatory pathways drive melanomagenesis? Exp Dermatol 2014; 24:86-90. [PMID: 25041143 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathways serve to protect the host and promote tissue healing/repair; however, over-activation or dysregulation can be pathological with unintended consequences including malignant progression. A correlation between inflammation and cancer has been well established, and anti-inflammatory medications have been shown to be chemopreventive in certain malignancies. Data are now becoming available that outline an inflammatory pathway that may have a critical role in melanomagenesis. ATP-regulated membrane channels/receptors P2X7 and PANX1 have been directly implicated in melanoma tumor growth. Among other potential effects, opening of the P2X7/PANX1 channel results in activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which in turn leads to caspase-1 activation and increased levels of activated IL-1β. Elevated levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β have been correlated with melanoma progression, and inhibitors of the inflammasome, caspase and IL-1β activity have all been shown to inhibit melanoma growth. Among many other potential actions, IL-1β increases cyclooxygenase-2 expression leading to local increases in inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Anti-inflammatory medications targeting the end of this pathway have had positive results for certain cancers but overall remain mixed for melanoma. A better understanding of the pathways and appropriate intervention points may help direct future therapies. In this viewpoint, we will review data and attempt to model an inflammatory pathway that may be critical for melanomagenesis and propose future directions for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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20
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Yamada T, Hasegawa S, Inoue Y, Date Y, Arima M, Yagami A, Iwata Y, Takahashi M, Yamamoto N, Mizutani H, Nakata S, Matsunaga K, Akamatsu H. Accelerated differentiation of melanocyte stem cells contributes to the formation of hyperpigmented maculae. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:652-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Yasushi Date
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Fujita Health University Joint Research Laboratory; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizutani
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Satoru Nakata
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
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Abstract
In a linked Perspective, Barbara Fuhrman and Victor Cardenas discuss the potential biological mechanisms that may underlie the association between nevi and risk for breast cancer. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fuhrman
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
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