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Hernandez-Olmos V, Heering J, Marinescu B, Schermeng T, Ivanov VV, Moroz YS, Nevermann S, Mathes M, Ehrler JHM, Alnouri MW, Wolf M, Haydo AS, Schmachtel T, Zaliani A, Höfner G, Kaiser A, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Beck-Sickinger AG, Offermanns S, Gribbon P, Rieger MA, Merk D, Sisignano M, Steinhilber D, Proschak E. Development of a Potent and Selective G2A (GPR132) Agonist. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10567-10588. [PMID: 38917049 PMCID: PMC11249017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor G2A was postulated to be a promising target for the development of new therapeutics in neuropathic pain, acute myeloid leukemia, and inflammation. However, there is still a lack of potent, selective, and drug-like G2A agonists to be used as a chemical tool or as the starting matter for the development of drugs. In this work, we present the discovery and structure-activity relationship elucidation of a new potent and selective G2A agonist scaffold. Systematic optimization resulted in (3-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzoyl)-d-phenylalanine (T-10418) exhibiting higher potency than the reference and natural ligand 9-HODE and high selectivity among G protein-coupled receptors. With its favorable activity, a clean selectivity profile, excellent solubility, and high metabolic stability, T-10418 qualifies as a pharmacological tool to investigate the effects of G2A activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beatrice Marinescu
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Tina Schermeng
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Yurii S. Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko
National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Chemspace
LLC, 85 Chervonotkatska
Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Sheila Nevermann
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marius Mathes
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Johanna H. M. Ehrler
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Mohamad Wessam Alnouri
- Department
of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for
Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus Wolf
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery
Research ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia S. Haydo
- Department
of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe
University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tessa Schmachtel
- Department
of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe
University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Zaliani
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery
Research ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department
of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for
Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai
7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Gribbon
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery
Research ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A. Rieger
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery
Research ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60590 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German
Cancer Research Institute
(DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer
Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Pharmazentrum
Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai
7, 60590 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
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2
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Nakanishi M, Ibe A, Morishita K, Shinagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi H, Ikemori K, Muragaki Y, Ehata S. Acid-sensing receptor GPR4 plays a crucial role in lymphatic cancer metastasis. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1551-1563. [PMID: 38410865 PMCID: PMC11093208 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer tissues exhibit an acidic microenvironment owing to the accumulation of protons and lactic acid produced by cancer and inflammatory cells. To examine the role of an acidic microenvironment in lymphatic cancer metastasis, gene expression profiling was conducted using human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) treated with a low pH medium. Microarray and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that acid treatment induced the expression of inflammation-related genes in HDLECs, including genes encoding chemokines and adhesion molecules. Acid treatment-induced chemokines C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6) autocrinally promoted the growth and tube formation of HDLECs. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) increased in HDLECs after acid treatment in a time-dependent manner, which, in turn, enhanced their adhesion to melanoma cells. Among various acid-sensing receptors, HDLECs basally expressed G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), which was augmented under the acidic microenvironment. The induction of chemokines or VCAM-1 under acidic conditions was attenuated by GPR4 knockdown in HDLECs. In addition, lymph node metastases in a mouse melanoma model were suppressed by administering an anti-VCAM-1 antibody or a GPR4 antagonist. These results suggest that an acidic microenvironment modifies the function of lymphatic endothelial cells via GPR4, thereby promoting lymphatic cancer metastasis. Acid-sensing receptors and their downstream molecules might serve as preventive or therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Akiya Ibe
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Kiyoto Morishita
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Kazutaka Shinagawa
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Yushi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Hibiki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Kyoka Ikemori
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
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3
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Stock C. pH-regulated single cell migration. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:639-658. [PMID: 38214759 PMCID: PMC11006768 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, extra- and intracellular pH have emerged as fundamental regulators of cell motility. Fundamental physiological and pathological processes relying on appropriate cell migration, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and a proper immune defense on the one hand, and autoimmune diseases, metastatic cancer, and the progression of certain parasitic diseases on the other, depend on surrounding pH. In addition, migrating single cells create their own localized pH nanodomains at their surface and in the cytosol. By this means, the migrating cells locally modulate their adhesion to, and the re-arrangement and digestion of, the extracellular matrix. At the same time, the cytosolic nanodomains tune cytoskeletal dynamics along the direction of movement resulting in concerted lamellipodia protrusion and rear end retraction. Extracellular pH gradients as found in wounds, inflamed tissues, or the periphery of tumors stimulate directed cell migration, and long-term exposure to acidic conditions can engender a more migratory and invasive phenotype persisting for hours up to several generations of cells after they have left the acidic milieu. In the present review, the different variants of pH-dependent single cell migration are described. The underlying pH-dependent molecular mechanisms such as conformational changes of adhesion molecules, matrix protease activity, actin (de-)polymerization, and signaling events are explained, and molecular pH sensors stimulated by H+ signaling are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Bogen KT. Ultrasensitive dose-response for asbestos cancer risk implied by new inflammation-mutation model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 230:115047. [PMID: 36965808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in complex cellular phenotype each typically involve multistep activation of an ultrasensitive molecular switch (e.g., to adaptively initiate an apoptosis, inflammasome, Nrf2-ARE anti-oxidant, or heat-shock activation pathway) that triggers expression of a suite of target genes while efficiently limiting false-positive switching from a baseline state. Such switches exhibit nonlinear signal-activation relationships. In contrast, a linear no-threshold (LNT) dose-response relationship is expected for damage that accumulates in proportion to dose, as hypothesized for increased risk of cancer in relation to genotoxic dose according to the multistage somatic mutation/clonal-expansion theory of cancer, e.g., as represented in the Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudsen (MVK) cancer model by a doubly stochastic nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Mesothelioma and lung cancer induced by exposure to carcinogenic (e.g., certain asbestos) fibers in humans and experimental animals are thought to involve modes of action driven by mutations, cytotoxicity-associated inflammation, or both, rendering ambiguous expectations concerning the nature of model-implied shape of the low-dose response for above-background increase in risk of incurring these endpoints. A recent Inflammation Somatic Mutation (ISM) theory of cancer posits instead that tissue-damage-associated inflammation that epigenetically recruits, activates and orchestrates stem cells to engage in tissue repair does not merely promote cancer, but rather is a requisite co-initiator (acting together with as few as two somatic mutations) of the most efficient pathway to any type of cancer in any reparable tissue (Dose-Response 2019; 17(2):1-12). This theory is reviewed, implications of this theory are discussed in relation to mesothelioma and lung cancer associated with chronic asbestos inhalation, one of the two types of ISM-required mutations is here hypothesized to block or impede inflammation resolution (e.g., by doing so for GPCR-mediated signal transduction by one or more endogenous autacoid specialized pro-resolving mediators or SPMs), and supporting evidence for this hypothesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Bogen
- 9832 Darcy Forest Drive, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States.
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5
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von Breitenbuch P, Kurz B, Wallner S, Zeman F, Brochhausen C, Schlitt HJ, Schreml S. Expression of pH-Sensitive GPCRs in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Cancer-First Results. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051803. [PMID: 36902589 PMCID: PMC10003041 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors have an altered metabolism with a so-called inside-out pH gradient (decreased pHe < increased pHi). This also signals back to tumor cells via proton-sensitive ion channels or G protein-coupled receptors (pH-GPCRs) to alter migration and proliferation. Nothing, however, is known about the expression of pH-GPCRs in the rare form of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples of a series of 10 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal (including appendix) origin were used for immunohistochemistry to study the expression of GPR4, GPR65, GPR68, GPR132, and GPR151. GPR4 was just expressed weakly in 30% of samples and expression was significantly reduced as compared to GPR56, GPR132, and GPR151. Furthermore, GPR68 was only expressed in 60% of tumors and showed significantly reduced expression as compared to GPR65 and GPR151. This is the first study on pH-GPCRs in peritoneal carcinomatosis, which shows lower expression of GPR4 and GPR68 as compared to other pH-GPCRs in this type of cancer. It may give rise to future therapies targeting either the TME or these GPCRs directly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadett Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wallner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Natural Compounds and Biopolymers-Based Hydrogels Join Forces to Promote Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010271. [PMID: 36678899 PMCID: PMC9863749 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and complete wound healing is a clinical emergency, mainly in pathological conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Many therapeutic tools are not resolutive, and the research for a more efficient remedial remains a challenge. Wound dressings play an essential role in diabetic wound healing. In particular, biocompatible hydrogels represent the most attractive wound dressings due to their ability to retain moisture as well as ability to act as a barrier against bacteria. In the last years, different functionalized hydrogels have been proposed as wound dressing materials, showing encouraging outcomes with great benefits in the healing of the diabetic wounds. Specifically, because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural bioactive compounds, as well as biomacromolecules such as polysaccharides and protein, are usually employed in the biomedical field. In this review, readers can find the main discoveries regarding the employment of naturally occurring compounds and biopolymers as wound healing promoters with antibacterial activity. The emerging approaches and engineered devices for effective wound care in diabetic patients are reported and deeply investigated.
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Kurz B, Michael HP, Förch A, Wallner S, Zeman F, Decking SM, Ugele I, Hintschich C, Haubner F, Ettl T, Renner K, Brochhausen C, Schreml S. Expression of pH-Sensitive TRPC4 in Common Skin Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021037. [PMID: 36674553 PMCID: PMC9862651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPCs (transient receptor potential classical or cation channels) play a crucial role in tumor biology, especially in the Ca2+ homeostasis in cancer cells. TRPC4 is a pH-sensitive member of this family of proteins. As solid tumors exhibit an inversed pH-gradient with lowered extracellular and increased intracellular pH, both contributing to tumor progression, TRPC4 might be a signaling molecule in the altered tumor microenvironment. This is the first study to investigate the expression profiles of TRPC4 in common skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM) and nevus cell nevi (NCN). We found that all SCCs, NCNs, and MMs show positive TRPC4-expression, while BCCs do only in about half of the analyzed samples. These data render TRPC4 an immunohistochemical marker to distinguish SCC and BCC, and this also gives rise to future studies investigating the role of TRPC4 in tumor progression, and especially metastasis as BCCs very rarely spread and are mostly negative for TRPC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Philine Michael
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Förch
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wallner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja-Maria Decking
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ines Ugele
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Hintschich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Stolwijk JA, Wallner S, Heider J, Kurz B, Pütz L, Michaelis S, Goricnik B, Erl J, Frank L, Berneburg M, Haubner F, Wegener J, Schreml S. GPR4 in the pH-dependent migration of melanoma cells in the tumor microenvironment. Exp Dermatol 2022; 32:479-490. [PMID: 36562556 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to its high metastatic potential, malignant melanoma is one of the deadliest skin cancers. In melanoma as well as in other cancers, acidification of the tumor microenvironment (=TME, inverse pH-gradient) is a well-known driver of tumor progression and metastasis. Membrane-bound receptors, such as the proton-sensitive GPCR (pH-GPCR) GPR4, are considered as potential initiators of the signalling cascades relevant to malignant transformation. In this study, we investigated the pH-dependent migration of GPR4 wildtype/overexpressing SK-Mel-28 cells using an impedance-based electrical wounding and migration assay and classical Boyden chamber experiments. Migration of GPR4 overexpressing SK-Mel-28 cells was enhanced in a range of pH 6.5-7.5 as compared to controls in the impedance-based electrical wounding and migration assay. In Boyden chamber experiments, GPR4 overexpression only increased migration at pH 7.5 in a Matrigel-free setup, but not at pH 6.5. Results indicate that GPR4 is involved in the migration of melanoma cells, especially in the tumor periphery, and that this process is affected by pH in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Anthea Stolwijk
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wallner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith Heider
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernadett Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Pütz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Michaelis
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies EMFT, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Goricnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Erl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Linda Frank
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies EMFT, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Wang S, Zhang L, Xuan R, Li Q, Ji Z, Chao T, Wang J, Zhang C. Identification and functional analysis of m6A in the mammary gland tissues of dairy goats at the early and peak lactation stages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:945202. [PMID: 36330333 PMCID: PMC9623301 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.945202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common reversible epigenetic RNA modification in the mRNA of all higher eukaryotic organisms and plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and cell function. In this study, m6A-modified methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to identify the key genes with m6A modification during mammary gland development and lactation in dairy goats. The results showed that m6A methylation occurred at 3,927 loci, which were significantly enriched in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) and the termination codon region. In the early stage and peak stage of lactation, m6A methylation occurred extensively in mammary tissues, and a total of 725 differentially expressed m6A-modified genes were obtained, all negatively correlated with mRNA expression. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that different methylated genes were mainly involved in the growth and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells through signaling pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospholipase D pathways, and then affected the development and lactation of mammary gland. All in all, we identified and analyzed the methylation events related to the development and lactation regulation of mammary gland at the early and peak lactation stages, and provided a theoretical basis to reveal the physiological regulatory system of mammary gland development and lactation in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Rong Xuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhibin Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibin Ji,
| | - Tianle Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
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10
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Zha XM, Xiong ZG, Simon RP. pH and proton-sensitive receptors in brain ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1349-1363. [PMID: 35301897 PMCID: PMC9274858 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221089074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular proton concentration is at 40 nM when pH is 7.4. In disease conditions such as brain ischemia, proton concentration can reach µM range. To respond to this increase in extracellular proton concentration, the mammalian brain expresses at least three classes of proton receptors. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are the main neuronal cationic proton receptor. The proton-activated chloride channel (PAC), which is also known as (aka) acid-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel (ASOR; TMEM206), mediates acid-induced chloride currents. Besides proton-activated channels, GPR4, GPR65 (aka TDAG8, T-cell death-associated gene 8), and GPR68 (aka OGR1, ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1) function as proton-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Though earlier studies on these GPCRs mainly focus on peripheral cells, we and others have recently provided evidence for their functional importance in brain injury. Specifically, GPR4 shows strong expression in brain endothelium, GPR65 is present in a fraction of microglia, while GPR68 exhibits predominant expression in brain neurons. Here, to get a better view of brain acid signaling and its contribution to ischemic injury, we will review the recent findings regarding the differential contribution of proton-sensitive GPCRs to cerebrovascular function, neuroinflammation, and neuronal injury following acidosis and brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-ming Zha
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roger P Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Imenez Silva PH, Câmara NO, Wagner CA. Role of proton-activated G protein-coupled receptors in pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C400-C414. [PMID: 35759438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00114.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Local acidification is a common feature of many disease processes such as inflammation, infarction, or solid tumor growth. Acidic pH is not merely a sequelae of disease but contributes to recruitment and regulation of immune cells, modifies metabolism of parenchymal, immune and tumor cells, modulates fibrosis, vascular permeability, oxygen availability and consumption, invasiveness of tumor cells, and impacts on cell survival. Thus, multiple pH-sensing mechanisms must exist in cells involved in these processes. These pH-sensors play important roles in normal physiology and pathophysiology, and hence might be attractive targets for pharmacological interventions. Among the pH-sensing mechanisms, OGR1 (GPR68), GPR4 (GPR4), and TDAG8 (GPR65) have emerged as important molecules. These G protein-coupled receptors are widely expressed, are upregulated in inflammation and tumors, sense changes in extracellular pH in the range between pH 8 and 6, and are involved in modulating key processes in inflammation, tumor biology, and fibrosis. This review discusses key features of these receptors and highlights important disease states and pathways affected by their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland
| | - Niels Olsen Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland
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12
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Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA. Physiological relevance of proton-activated GPCRs. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:487-504. [PMID: 35247105 PMCID: PMC8993716 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The detection of H+ concentration variations in the extracellular milieu is accomplished by a series of specialized and non-specialized pH-sensing mechanisms. The proton-activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4 (Gpr4), TDAG8 (Gpr65), and OGR1 (Gpr68) form a subfamily of proteins capable of triggering intracellular signaling in response to alterations in extracellular pH around physiological values, i.e., in the range between pH 7.5 and 6.5. Expression of these receptors is widespread for GPR4 and OGR1 with particularly high levels in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively, while expression of TDAG8 appears to be more restricted to the immune compartment. These receptors have been linked to several well-studied pH-dependent physiological activities including central control of respiration, renal adaption to changes in acid–base status, secretion of insulin and peripheral responsiveness to insulin, mechanosensation, and cellular chemotaxis. Their role in pathological processes such as the genesis and progression of several inflammatory diseases (asthma, inflammatory bowel disease), and tumor cell metabolism and invasiveness, is increasingly receiving more attention and makes these receptors novel and interesting targets for therapy. In this review, we cover the role of these receptors in physiological processes and will briefly discuss some implications for disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Williamson M, Moustaid-Moussa N, Gollahon L. The Molecular Effects of Dietary Acid Load on Metabolic Disease (The Cellular PasaDoble: The Fast-Paced Dance of pH Regulation). FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2021; 1:777088. [PMID: 39087082 PMCID: PMC11285710 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2021.777088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are becoming more common and more severe in populations adhering to western lifestyle. Since metabolic conditions are highly diet and lifestyle dependent, it is suggested that certain diets are the cause for a wide range of metabolic dysfunctions. Oxidative stress, excess calcium excretion, inflammation, and metabolic acidosis are common features in the origins of most metabolic disease. These primary manifestations of "metabolic syndrome" can lead to insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Further complications of the conditions involve kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancers. Dietary analysis shows that a modern "Western-style" diet may facilitate a disruption in pH homeostasis and drive disease progression through high consumption of exogenous acids. Because so many physiological and cellular functions rely on acid-base reactions and pH equilibrium, prolonged exposure of the body to more acids than can effectively be buffered, by chronic adherence to poor diet, may result in metabolic stress followed by disease. This review addresses relevant molecular pathways in mammalian cells discovered to be sensitive to acid - base equilibria, their cellular effects, and how they can cascade into an organism-level manifestation of Metabolic Syndromes. We will also discuss potential ways to help mitigate this digestive disruption of pH and metabolic homeostasis through dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Lauren Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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14
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Sisignano M, Fischer MJM, Geisslinger G. Proton-Sensing GPCRs in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082050. [PMID: 34440817 PMCID: PMC8392051 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) consists of the four receptors GPR4, TDAG8 (GPR65), OGR1 (GPR68), and G2A (GPR132). These receptors are cellular sensors of acidification, a property that has been attributed to the presence of crucial histidine residues. However, the pH detection varies considerably among the group of proton-sensing GPCRs and ranges from pH of 5.5 to 7.8. While the proton-sensing GPCRs were initially considered to detect acidic cellular environments in the context of inflammation, recent observations have expanded our knowledge about their physiological and pathophysiological functions and many additional individual and unique features have been discovered that suggest a more differentiated role of these receptors in health and disease. It is known that all four receptors contribute to different aspects of tumor biology, cardiovascular physiology, and asthma. However, apart from their overlapping functions, they seem to have individual properties, and recent publications identify potential roles of individual GPCRs in mechanosensation, intestinal inflammation, oncoimmunological interactions, hematopoiesis, as well as inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we put together the knowledge about the biological functions and structural features of the four proton-sensing GPCRs and discuss the biological role of each of the four receptors individually. We explore all currently known pharmacological modulators of the four receptors and highlight potential use. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps in the biological and pharmacological context of proton-sensing GPCRs that should be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael J. M. Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Expression Profiles of ASIC1/2 and TRPV1/4 in Common Skin Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116024. [PMID: 34199609 PMCID: PMC8199644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid-sensing ion channels ASIC1 and ASIC2, as well as the transient receptor potential vanilloid channels TRPV1 and TRPV4, are proton-gated cation channels that can be activated by low extracellular pH (pHe), which is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. However, the role of these channels in the development of skin tumors is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of ASIC1, ASIC2, TRPV1 and TRPV4 in malignant melanoma (MM), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and in nevus cell nevi (NCN). We conducted immunohistochemistry using paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients and found that most skin tumors express ASIC1/2 and TRPV1/4. Striking results were that BCCs are often negative for ASIC2, while nearly all SCCs express this marker. Epidermal MM sometimes seem to lack ASIC1 in contrast to NCN. Dermal portions of MM show strong expression of TRPV1 more frequently than dermal NCN portions. Some NCN show a decreasing ASIC1/2 expression in deeper dermal tumor tissue, while MM seem to not lose ASIC1/2 in deeper dermal portions. ASIC1, ASIC2, TRPV1 and TRPV4 in skin tumors might be involved in tumor progression, thus being potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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16
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Vega-Holm M, Iglesias-Guerra F, Vega-Pérez JM, Aiello F, Brizzi A. GPR120/FFAR4 Pharmacology: Focus on Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4312-4332. [PMID: 33843223 PMCID: PMC8154576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
activated by free fatty
acids (FFAs) have emerged as new and exciting drug targets, due to
their plausible translation from pharmacology to medicines. This perspective
aims to report recent research about GPR120/FFAR4 and its involvement
in several diseases, including cancer, inflammatory conditions, and
central nervous system disorders. The focus is to highlight the importance
of GPR120 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GPR120 agonists, useful
in T2DM drug discovery, have been widely explored from a structure–activity
relationship point of view. Since the identification of the first
reported synthetic agonist TUG-891, the research has paved the way
for the development of TUG-based molecules as well as new and different
chemical entities. These molecules might represent the starting point
for the future discovery of GPR120 agonists as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margarita Vega-Holm
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Iglesias-Guerra
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Vega-Pérez
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, DoE 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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17
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Mazzotta S, Governa P, Borgonetti V, Marcolongo P, Nanni C, Gamberucci A, Manetti F, Pessina F, Carullo G, Brizzi A, Aiello F. Pinocembrin and its linolenoyl ester derivative induce wound healing activity in HaCaT cell line potentially involving a GPR120/FFA4 mediated pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104657. [PMID: 33556697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing represents an urgent need from the clinical point of view. Several diseases result in wound conditions which are difficult to treat, such as in the case of diabetic foot ulcer. Starting from there, the medicinal research has focused on various targets over the years, including GPCRs as new wound healing drug targets. In line with this, GPR120, known to be an attractive target in type 2 diabetes drug discovery, was studied to finalize the development of new wound healing agents. Pinocembrin (HW0) was evaluated as a suitable compound for interacting with GPR120, and was hybridized with fatty acids, which are known endogenous GPR120 ligands, to enhance the wound healing potential and GPR120 interactions. HW0 and its 7-linolenoyl derivative (HW3) were found to be innovative wound healing agents. Immunofluorescence and functional assays suggested that their activity was mediated by GPR120, and docking simulations showed that the compounds could share the same pocket occupied by the known GPR120 agonist, TUG-891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Nanni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Federica Pessina
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences - DoE 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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18
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Hu Y, Chen M, Wang M, Li X. Flow-mediated vasodilation through mechanosensitive G protein-coupled receptors in endothelial cells. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:61-70. [PMID: 33406458 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation involves three main mechanisms: production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), synthesis of prostanoids by cyclooxygenase, and/or opening of calcium-sensitive potassium channels. Researchers have proposed multiple mechanosensors that may be involved in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels, and intercellular junction proteins, among others. However, GPCRs are considered the major mechanosensors that play a pivotal role in shear stress signal transduction. Among mechanosensitive GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptor 68, histamine H1 receptors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and bradykinin B2 receptors have been identified as endothelial sensors of flow shear stress regulating flow-mediated vasodilation. Thus, this review aims to expound on the mechanism whereby flow shear stress promotes vasodilation through the proposed mechanosensitive GPCRs in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, NO.238, Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xiucun Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China; Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NO.44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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19
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Yao Y, Zhou J, Lu C, Sun W, Kong W, Zhao J. MicroRNA-155-5p/EPAS1/interleukin 6 pathway participated in the protection function of sphingosylphosphorylcholine to ischemic cardiomyocytes. Life Sci 2021; 264:118692. [PMID: 33130081 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous research in our laboratory found that a biologically active sphingomyelin metabolite, sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), can inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis caused by ischemia with an unknown mechanism. Here, we aimed to study the possible participation of EPAS1 in the protection process of SPC. METHODS The rat cardiomyocytes deprived of serum were used to mimic ischemic-caused apoptosis, then treated with or without SPC. The expression and nuclear shift of EPAS1 were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence, and its function was studied using its siRNA. KEY FINDING Our research shows that SPC inhibited serum starvation caused cardiomyocyte apoptosis, accompanied by the up-regulation and nucleus translocation of EPAS1. EPAS1 levels did not change when its transcript was blocked by Actinomycin D, which prompted us to search for a post-transcription mechanism for its increased expression, and finally found that miR-155-5p, regulated by STAT3, was a new post-transcription regulator to EPAS1. Further investigation found that EPAS1 participated in the protective effect of SPC is mainly achieved by activating the downstream target gene, interleukin-6 (IL-6). SIGNIFICANCE Our results expand our understanding of the biological functions of SPC, and bring a new pathway as a potential therapeutic target to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases caused by myocardial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jinrun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Chenchen Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Weihua Kong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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20
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Kim N. pH variation impacts molecular pathways associated with somatic cell reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:20-26. [PMID: 33488280 PMCID: PMC7812493 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The study of somatic cell reprogramming and cell differentiation is essential for the application of recent techniques in regenerative medicine. It is, specifically, necessary to determine the appropriate conditions required for the induction of reprogramming and cell differentiation. METHODS Based on a comprehensive literature review, the effects of pH fluctuation on alternative splicing, mitochondria, plasma membrane, and phase separation, in several cell types are discussed. Additionally, the associated molecular pathways important for the induction of differentiation and reprogramming are reviewed. RESULTS While cells change their state, several factors such as cytokines and physical parameters affect cellular reprogramming and differentiation. As the extracellular and intracellular pH affects biophysical phenomena in a cell, the effects of pH fluctuation can ultimately decide the cell fate through molecular pathways. Though few studies have reported on the direct effects of culture pH on cell state, there is substantial information on the pathways related to stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming that can be stimulated by environmental pH. CONCLUSION Environmental pH fluctuations may decide cell fate through the molecular pathways associated with somatic cell reprogramming and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Kim
- Nucleic Acid Chemistry and EngineeringOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
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21
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Hariharan A, Weir N, Robertson C, He L, Betsholtz C, Longden TA. The Ion Channel and GPCR Toolkit of Brain Capillary Pericytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:601324. [PMID: 33390906 PMCID: PMC7775489 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.601324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain pericytes reside on the abluminal surface of capillaries, and their processes cover ~90% of the length of the capillary bed. These cells were first described almost 150 years ago (Eberth, 1871; Rouget, 1873) and have been the subject of intense experimental scrutiny in recent years, but their physiological roles remain uncertain and little is known of the complement of signaling elements that they employ to carry out their functions. In this review, we synthesize functional data with single-cell RNAseq screens to explore the ion channel and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) toolkit of mesh and thin-strand pericytes of the brain, with the aim of providing a framework for deeper explorations of the molecular mechanisms that govern pericyte physiology. We argue that their complement of channels and receptors ideally positions capillary pericytes to play a central role in adapting blood flow to meet the challenge of satisfying neuronal energy requirements from deep within the capillary bed, by enabling dynamic regulation of their membrane potential to influence the electrical output of the cell. In particular, we outline how genetic and functional evidence suggest an important role for Gs-coupled GPCRs and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in this context. We put forth a predictive model for long-range hyperpolarizing electrical signaling from pericytes to upstream arterioles, and detail the TRP and Ca2+ channels and Gq, Gi/o, and G12/13 signaling processes that counterbalance this. We underscore critical questions that need to be addressed to further advance our understanding of the signaling topology of capillary pericytes, and how this contributes to their physiological roles and their dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hariharan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nick Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colin Robertson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liqun He
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet & Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Matoba K, Yamashita S, Isaksen TJ, Yamashita T. Proton-sensing receptor GPR132 facilitates migration of astrocytes. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:106-113. [PMID: 33333086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are one of the first responders to central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as spinal cord injury (SCI). They are thought to repress injury-induced CNS inflammation as well as inhibit axonal regeneration. While reactive astrocytes migrate and accumulate around the lesion core, the mechanism of astrocyte migration towards the lesion site remains unclear. Here, we examined possible involvement of acidification of the lesion site and expression of proton-sensing receptors in astrocyte migration, both in mice models and in vitro. We found that the expression of several proton-sensing receptors was increased at the lesion site after SCI. Among these receptors, Gpr132 was expressed in primary cultured astrocytes and exhibited significant enhanced expression in acidic conditions in vitro. Furthermore, astrocyte motility was enhanced in acidic media and by Gpr132 activation. These results suggest that acidification of the lesion site facilitates astrocyte migration via the proton-sensing receptor Gpr132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Matoba
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Toke Jost Isaksen
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Cosín-Roger J, Ortiz-Masia D, Barrachina MD, Calatayud S. Metabolite Sensing GPCRs: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment? Cells 2020; 9:cells9112345. [PMID: 33113952 PMCID: PMC7690732 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors constitute the most diverse and largest receptor family in the human genome, with approximately 800 different members identified. Given the well-known metabolic alterations in cancer development, we will focus specifically in the 19 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which can be selectively activated by metabolites. These metabolite sensing GPCRs control crucial processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival after their activation. In the present review, we will describe the main functions of these metabolite sensing GPCRs and shed light on the benefits of their potential use as possible pharmacological targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963851234
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masia
- Departament of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Maria Dolores Barrachina
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
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Klatt W, Wallner S, Brochhausen C, Stolwijk JA, Schreml S. Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15327. [PMID: 32948783 PMCID: PMC7501253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The proton-sensing GPCRs (pH-GPCRs) GPR4 (GPR19), TDAG8 (GPR65, T-cell death associated gene 8), OGR1 (GPR68, ovarian cancer GPCR1), and G2A (GPR132, G2 accumulation protein) are involved in sensing and transducing changes in extracellular pH (pHe). Extracellular acidification is a central hallmark of solid cancer. pH-GPCR function has been associated with cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and metastasis, as well as with modulation of the immune system. Little is known about the expression levels and role of pH-GPCRs in skin cancer. To better understand the functions of pH-GPCRs in skin cancer in vivo, we examined the expression-profiles of GPR4, TDAG8, OGR1 and G2A in four common skin tumors, i.e. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), compound nevus cell nevi (NCN), basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining on paraffin-embedded tissue samples acquired from patients suffering from SCC, MM, NCN or BCC. We show the expression of pH-GPCRs in four common skin cancers. Different expression patterns in the investigated skin cancer types indicate that the different pH-GPCRs may have distinct functions in tumor progression and serve as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wybke Klatt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wallner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith A Stolwijk
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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25
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Stolwijk JA, Sauer L, Ackermann K, Nassios A, Aung T, Haerteis S, Bäumner AJ, Wegener J, Schreml S. pH sensing in skin tumors: Methods to study the involvement of GPCRs, acid-sensing ion channels and transient receptor potential vanilloid channels. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1055-1061. [PMID: 32658355 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors exhibit an inversed pH gradient with increased intracellular pH (pHi ) and decreased extracellular pH (pHe ). This inside-out pH gradient is generated via sodium/hydrogen antiporter 1, vacuolar-type H + ATPases, monocarboxylate transporters, (bi)carbonate (co)transporters and carboanhydrases. Our knowledge on how pHe -signals are sensed and what the respective receptors induce inside cells is scarce. Some pH-sensitive receptors (GPR4, GPR65/TDAG8, GPR68/OGR1, GPR132/G2A, possibly GPR31 and GPR151) and ion channels (acid-sensing ion channels ASICs, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptors TRPVs) transduce signals inside cells. As little is known on the expression and function of these pH sensors, we used immunostainings to study tissue samples from common and rare skin cancers. Our current and future work is directed towards investigating the impact of all the pH-sensing receptors in different skin tumors using cell culture techniques with selective knockdown/knockout (siRNA/CRISPR-Cas9). To study cell migration and proliferation, novel impedance-based wound healing assays have been developed and are used. The field of pH sensing in tumors and wounds holds great promise for the development of pH-targeting therapies, either against pH regulators or sensors to inhibit cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Stolwijk
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Sauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Ackermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anaïs Nassios
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thiha Aung
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Bäumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Liu J, Chen Z, Huang M, Tang S, Wang Q, Hu P, Gupta P, Ashby CR, Chen ZS, Zhang L. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) trap3, an exocellular peptide inhibitor of PAI-1, attenuates the rearrangement of F-actin and migration of cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 391:111987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Foster SR, Hauser AS, Vedel L, Strachan RT, Huang XP, Gavin AC, Shah SD, Nayak AP, Haugaard-Kedström LM, Penn RB, Roth BL, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gloriam DE. Discovery of Human Signaling Systems: Pairing Peptides to G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Cell 2020; 179:895-908.e21. [PMID: 31675498 PMCID: PMC6838683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The peptidergic system is the most abundant network of ligand-receptor-mediated signaling in humans. However, the physiological roles remain elusive for numerous peptides and more than 100 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we report the pairing of cognate peptides and receptors. Integrating comparative genomics across 313 species and bioinformatics on all protein sequences and structures of human class A GPCRs, we identify universal characteristics that uncover additional potential peptidergic signaling systems. Using three orthogonal biochemical assays, we pair 17 proposed endogenous ligands with five orphan GPCRs that are associated with diseases, including genetic, neoplastic, nervous and reproductive system disorders. We also identify additional peptides for nine receptors with recognized ligands and pathophysiological roles. This integrated computational and multifaceted experimental approach expands the peptide-GPCR network and opens the way for studies to elucidate the roles of these signaling systems in human physiology and disease. Video Abstract
Universal characteristics enabled prediction of peptide ligands and receptors Multifaceted screening enabled detection of pathway- and assay-dependent responses Peptide ligands discovered for BB3, GPR1, GPR15, GPR55, and GPR68 Each signaling system is a link to human physiology and is associated with disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan T Strachan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ariana C Gavin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sushrut D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ajay P Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Linda M Haugaard-Kedström
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Parks SK, Mueller-Klieser W, Pouysségur J. Lactate and Acidity in the Cancer Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fermentative glycolysis, an ancient evolved metabolic pathway, is exploited by rapidly growing tissues and tumors but also occurs in response to the nutritional and energetic demands of differentiated tissues. The lactic acid it produces is transported across cell membranes through reversible H+/lactate−symporters (MCT1 and MCT4) and is recycled in organs as a major metabolic precursor of gluconeogenesis and an energy source. Concentrations of lactate in the tumor environment, investigated utilizing an induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging (imBI) technique, appear to be dominant biomarkers of tumor response to irradiation and resistance to treatment. Suppression of lactic acid formation by genetic disruption of lactate dehydrogenases A and B in aggressive tumors reactivated OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) to maintain xenograft tumor growth at a halved rate. In contrast, disruption of the lactic acid transporters MCT1/4 suppressed glycolysis, mTORC1, and tumor growth as a result of intracellular acidosis. Furthermore, the global reduction of tumor acidity contributes to activation of the antitumor immune responses, offering hope for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Parks
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco
| | - Wolfgang Mueller-Klieser
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, 06189 Nice, France
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T-cell death-associated gene 8 accelerates atherosclerosis by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:64-73. [PMID: 32078831 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is a serious cardiovascular disease, featuring inflammation, abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). During atherosclerosis, inflammation may cause low pH. T-cell death-associated gene 8 (Tdag8) is a proton-sensing receptor, however, the role of Tdag8 in VSMCs remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of Tdag8 in VSMCs during atherosclerosis. METHODS We examined the expression of Tdag8 in an atherosclerotic model of high-fat-diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, while the role and mechanism of Tdag8 in phenotype transformation, proliferation and migration of VSMCs were investigated in a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS We first found that Tdag8 expression at the mRNA and protein level was significantly increased in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Tdag8 was primarily distributed in PCNA-positive VSMCs and the phenotype of VSMCs switching from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype. Additionally, the protein level of Tdag8 was upregulated in FBS-treated VSMCs. VSMCs proliferation and migration were inhibited by Tdag8 silencing and increased by Tdag8 overexpression. Further mechanistic studies showed that cAMP level was increased in Tdag8-overexpressing VSMCs and ApoE-/- mice. However, the PKA inhibitor H-89 reversed Tdag8-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that Tdag8 mediated phenotype transformation, proliferation and migration of VSMCs via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, thus partially contributing to atherosclerosis.
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Auerswald S, Schreml S, Meier R, Blancke Soares A, Niyazi M, Marschner S, Belka C, Canis M, Haubner F. Wound monitoring of pH and oxygen in patients after radiation therapy. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:199. [PMID: 31711506 PMCID: PMC6849199 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postradiogenic wound healing disorders are an important clinical problem. While a variety of treatment modalities are available, there is no strategy to objectively judge treatment success. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 2D luminescence imaging system for pH and oxygen in non-healing wounds after radiotherapy. METHODS Luminescence 2D imaging was performed with the VisiSens (Presens, Regensburg, Germany) 2D imaging systems A1 and A2 for oxygen and pH, respectively. Biocompatible planar luminescent sensor foils were applied to non-irradiated and irradiated skin as well as to radiogenic wounds of five patients and the pH and the oxygen saturation was determined. RESULTS pH measurements showed significant differences between non-irradiated skin (6.46 ± 0.18) and irradiated skin (6.96 ± 0.26). Radiogenic wounds exhibited the highest pH values (7.53 ± 0.26). Oxygen measurements revealed a mean oxygen saturation of non-irradiated skin of 6.19 ± 0.83 mmHg. The highest value of oxygen saturation (28.4 ± 2.4 mmHg) was found on irradiated skin while irradiated wounds had a poor oxygen saturation (9.4 ± 2.2 mmHg) (mean ± s.e.m.). CONCLUSION We found that routine measurement of pH and pO2 in patients could be easily integrated into the clinical routine. The results of the measurements show unfavorable pH and oxygen saturation conditions for wound healing in irradiated wounds. Interestingly, irradiated wounds exhibit a more pronounced hypoxia than irradiated skin which is reflected by an altered pH and pO2 compared to unirradiated skin, which has the potential to serve as a prognostic marker in the future. In addition to the objectification of the treatment success of postradiogenic wound healing disorders, the extent of skin toxicity could already be predicted during radiotherapy with this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Auerswald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Blancke Soares
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Munich, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marschner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Munich, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Munich, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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A ghrelin receptor and oxytocin receptor heterocomplex impairs oxytocin mediated signalling. Neuropharmacology 2019; 152:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Anticancer Effects of Emodin on HepG2 Cell: Evidence from Bioinformatic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3065818. [PMID: 31236404 PMCID: PMC6545785 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3065818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary cause of cancer-related death in the world. Despite the fact that there are many methods to treat HCC, the 5-year survival rate of HCC is still at a low level. Emodin can inhibit the growth of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the gene regulation of emodin in HCC has not been well studied. In our research, RNA sequencing technology was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HepG2 cells induced by emodin. A total of 859 DEGs were identified, including 712 downregulated genes and 147 upregulated genes in HepG2 cells treated with emodin. We used DAVID for function and pathway enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING, and Cytoscape was used for module analysis. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs include positive regulation of apoptotic process, structural molecule activity and lipopolysaccharide binding, protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, and MAPK signaling pathway. 25 hub genes were identified and pathway analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in neuropeptide signaling pathway, inflammatory response, and positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. Survival analysis showed that LPAR6, C5, SSTR5, GPR68, and P2RY4 may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of emodin therapy for HCC. A quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay showed that the mRNA levels of LPAR6, C5, SSTR5, GPR68, and P2RY4 were significantly decreased in HepG2 cells treated with emodin. In conclusion, the identified DEGs and hub genes in the present study provide new clues for further researches on the molecular mechanisms of emodin.
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Reinders Y, Meier RJ, Liebsch G, Pohl F, Schreml S, Prantl L, Haubner F. Imaging of pH and pO 2 gives insight in molecular processes of irradiated cells. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:628-630. [PMID: 30776155 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in radiation therapy is the interference with tissue repair processes due to hypoxic characteristics and pH dysregulation. In this study, we present dual imaging of pH and oxygenation in vitro based on luminescent biocompatible sensor foils that allow studying the effects of irradiation on different cell types in culture. Different sensitivities of fibroblast and oral squamous carcinoma cells were observed by complementing oxygen and pH differences with proliferation assays. This study highlights especially the distinct role of oxygen after irradiation and the difference in proliferation processes of irradiated normal dermal cells in contrast to irradiated tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Reinders
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Fabian Pohl
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Governa P, Carullo G, Biagi M, Rago V, Aiello F. Evaluation of the In Vitro Wound-Healing Activity of Calabrian Honeys. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8020036. [PMID: 30736314 PMCID: PMC6406906 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing of skin wounds and particularly chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, is still a clinical emergency. Despite the many therapeutic tools that are available so far, none seems to be really effective and safe. In this context, we highlighted the renewed wound healing activity of honey, a viscous aromatic and sweet food, by way of in vitro wound-healing assays, using the HaCaT cell line. Specifically, we investigated five monofloral or multifloral honeys from different Calabrian provinces using them as such or extracted (by Amberlite® or n-hexane and ethyl acetate). The chemical composition of honeys was ascertained by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Amongst the five tested honeys, BL1 and BL5 honeys showed the most promising healing properties. Pinocembrin, which was revealed in BL1 (multifloral) and BL5 (orange) honey samples, is a flavanol that is already known to possess interesting biological activities, including healing. This study aims to investigate how a traditional food such as honey, which is appreciated for its nutritional value and used in folk medicine, can be enhanced as an effective modern remedial to promote a multifaceted and safe healing activity for all skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy-Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena; Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences-Department of Excellence 2018-2022; University of Calabria; Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hearth and Environment; University of Siena; Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences-Department of Excellence 2018-2022; University of Calabria; Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences-Department of Excellence 2018-2022; University of Calabria; Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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Nassios A, Wallner S, Haferkamp S, Klingelhöffer C, Brochhausen C, Schreml S. Expression of proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors in selected skin tumors. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:66-71. [PMID: 30339292 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, there are four known proton-sensing G-Protein-coupled receptors (pH-GPCRs): GPR4 (GPR19), TDAG8 (GPR65, T-cell death-associated gene 8), OGR1 (GPR68, ovarian cancer GPCR1) and G2A (GPR132, G2 accumulation protein). They are known to be involved in sensing changes of extracellular proton concentrations in the acidic microenvironment of tumors, which leads to altered cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, immune cell function and inflammation. However, little is known about the expression of pH-GPCRs in the skin and especially skin cancers. AIM We studied the expression of pH-GPCRs in selected skin cancers, that is Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS). METHODS We did immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to analyse the expression of GPR4, TDAG8, OGR1 and G2A using paraffin-embedded tissue samples (n = 4, exceptions: PDS GPR4/GPR65 n = 5, AFX GPR132 n = 3) from patients suffering from MCC, DFSP, AFX and PDS. RESULTS (a) GPR4 was expressed on all AFX and PDS specimens. All AFX and MCC showed a positive expression of G2A. All PDS exhibited a strong positive expression of G2A. (b) MCCs neither expressed GPR4 nor TDAG8. All DFSP showed no expression of TDAG8. (c) For any other combination of GPCR and skin disease, we found positive/negative mixed results. CONCLUSIONS These are the first results on pH-GPCRs in selected skin cancers. We provide evidence that these GPCRs are differentially expressed on the various types of skin cancers and that they can potentially be addressed as a therapeutic target in extensive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Nassios
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wallner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klingelhöffer
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Eming SA, Tomic-Canic M. Updates in wound healing: Mechanisms and translation. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:97-98. [PMID: 28133858 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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38
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Chen X, Zhou X, Shi X, Xia X, Zhang Y, Fan D. MAP4 regulates Tctex-1 and promotes the migration of epidermal cells in hypoxia. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1210-1215. [PMID: 30091292 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After acute wound formation, the oxygen supply is reduced, which results in the formation of an acute hypoxic microenvironment; whether this hypoxic microenvironment enhances epidermal cell migration and the underlying regulatory molecular mechanism of this effect are unclear. In this study, HaCaT cells were maintained under hypoxic (1% oxygen) or normoxic conditions. Methods including immunofluorescence staining, wound scratch assays, transwell assays, Western blotting and high- and low-expression lentiviral vector transfection were utilized to observe the changes in cell migration, microtubule dynamics and the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 4 and the light chain protein DYNLT1 (Tctex-1). The possible mechanisms were studied and discussed. The results showed that epidermal cell migration was enhanced during early hypoxia. Further experiments revealed that MAP4 regulates microtubule dynamics and promotes epidermal cell migration through Tctex-1. MAP4 and Tctex-1 play important roles in regulating the migration of epidermal cells under hypoxia. This evidence will provide a basis for further revealing the cellular and molecular mechanisms of local wound hypoxia and for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongli Fan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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39
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Capozzi E, Aureli S, Minicozzi V, Rossi GC, Stellato F, Morante S. Designing effective anticancer-radiopeptides. A Molecular Dynamics study of their interaction with model tumor and healthy cell membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2348-2355. [PMID: 29883673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest merit of the use of radiopeptides in oncology is their selectivity which, however, brings about the drawback that each radiopeptide is specific for a given tumor type. To overcome this problem the direction currently taken in drug design is that of radiolabelling peptide hormones (or their analogues), relying on their intrinsic ability to bind to specific receptors in precise areas of the human body, at the cost, however, of a poor selectivity against healthy cells. We present here an extensive Molecular Dynamics study of a promising alternative inspired by the mechanism through which antimicrobial peptides interact with the negatively charged bacterial membranes. Appropriately modifying the human antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, we designed a functionalized radionuclide carrier capable of binding more strongly to the negatively charged (model) tumor membranes than to the neutral healthy ones. The mechanism behind this behaviour relies on the fact that at the slight acidic pH surrounding tumor tissues the histidines belonging to the peptide get protonated thus making it positively charged. We have investigated by an extended numerical study the way in which this artificial peptide interacts with models of tumor and healthy cell membranes, proving by Potential Mean Force calculations that the affinity of the peptide to model tumor membranes is significantly larger than to healthy ones. These features (high affinity and generic tumor selectivity) recommend antimicrobial derived customized carriers as promising theranostic constructs in cancer diagnostic and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Capozzi
- University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Aureli
- University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - V Minicozzi
- University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - G C Rossi
- University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Piazza del Viminale 1, Roma 00184, Italy
| | - F Stellato
- University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Morante
- University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
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40
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Proksch E. pH in nature, humans and skin. J Dermatol 2018; 45:1044-1052. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Large set data mining reveals overexpressed GPCRs in prostate and breast cancer: potential for active targeting with engineered anti-cancer nanomedicines. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24882-24897. [PMID: 29861840 PMCID: PMC5982759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 800 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are encoded by the human genome and many are overexpressed in tumors. GPCRs are triggered by ligand molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways driving cellular responses. The receptor signals are desensitized by receptor internalization and this mechanism can be exploited for the specific delivery of ligand-linked drug molecules directly into cells. Detailed expression analysis in cancer tissue can inform the design of GPCR-ligand decorated drug carriers for active tumor cell targeting. The active targeting process utilizes ligand receptor interactions leading to binding and in most cases internalization of the ligand-attached drug carrier resulting in effective targeting of cancer cells. In this report public microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository was used to identify overexpressed GPCRs in prostate and breast cancer tissues. The analyzed data confirmed previously known cancer receptor associations and identified novel candidates for potential active targeting. Prioritization of the identified targeting receptors is also presented based on high expression levels and frequencies in cancer samples but low expression in healthy tissue. Finally, some selected examples were used in ligand docking studies to assess the feasibility for chemical conjugation to drug nanocarriers without interference of receptor binding and activation. The presented data demonstrate a large untapped potential to improve efficacy and safety of current and future anti-cancer compounds through active targeting of GPCRs on cancer cells.
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Sun CZ, Cheng LJ, Qiao Y, Zhang LY, Chen ZN, Dai FR, Lin W, Wang Z. Stimuli-responsive metal–organic supercontainers as synthetic proton receptors. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10256-10263. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional supercontainers exhibit intriguing H+-dependent fluorescent switching behavior, opening exiting new opportunities for proton modulation in both chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Li-Ji Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yupu Qiao
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Fluorinated Functional Materials
- University of South Dakota
- Vermillion
- USA
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zhong-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Feng-Rong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Fluorinated Functional Materials
- University of South Dakota
- Vermillion
- USA
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43
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Haberzettl P, Conklin DJ, Abplanalp WT, Bhatnagar A, O'Toole TE. Inhalation of Fine Particulate Matter Impairs Endothelial Progenitor Cell Function Via Pulmonary Oxidative Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:131-142. [PMID: 29191925 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with the depletion of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), as well as vascular injury and dysfunction. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether PM2.5 exposure leads to significant impairments in EPC function. Hence, we studied the effects of PM2.5 on EPC-mediated recovery of vascular perfusion after hindlimb ischemia and examined the mechanisms whereby PM2.5 exposure affects EPC abundance and function. APPROACH AND RESULTS In comparison with EPCs isolated from mice breathing filtered air, EPCs from mice exposed for 9 consecutive days (6 hours per day) to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) had defects in both proliferation and tube formation. However, CAP exposure of mice overexpressing extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD-Tg) in the lungs did not affect EPC tube formation. Exposure to CAP also suppressed circulating EPC levels, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-stimulated aortic Akt phosphorylation, and plasma NO levels in wild-type but not in ecSOD-Tg mice. EPCs from CAP-exposed wild-type mice failed to augment basal recovery of hindlimb perfusion when injected into unexposed mice subjected to hindlimb ischemia; however, these deficits in recovery of hindlimb perfusion were absent when using EPCs derived from CAP-exposed ecSOD-Tg mice. The improved reparative function of EPCs from CAP-exposed ecSOD-Tg mice was also reflected by greater expression of Mmp-9 and Nos3 when compared with EPCs from CAP-exposed wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM2.5 impairs EPC abundance and function and prevents EPC-mediated vascular recovery after hindlimb ischemia. This defect is attributed, in part, to pulmonary oxidative stress and was associated with vascular VEGF resistance and a decrement in NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Haberzettl
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Wesley T Abplanalp
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY.
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