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Fluhr JW, Tfayli A, Darlenski R, Darvin ME, Joly-Tonetti N, Lachmann N. Glycerol and natural sugar-derived complex modulate differentially stratum corneum water-binding properties and structural parameters in an in vitro Raman-desorption model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200201. [PMID: 36153668 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal protective functions are closely associated with skin hydration homeostasis. The understanding of different states of water binding is a rising concept in assessing topically applied formulations and their interaction within the stratum corneum (SC). In addition to global water content, primary bound water, partially bound water, and unbound water and barrier-related lipid lateral packing and protein secondary structure can be measured by Raman spectroscopy. This study aimed to establish an in vitro SC model to evaluate differences in the efficacy of a natural sugar-derived complex in combination with glycerol and a botanical extract in modulating SC water binding and structural proteins and barrier lipids. These compounds were selected due to their water-binding and soothing properties. The SC water profiles were assessed at the surface and in 8 μm SC depth. After a 12-hour hyperhydration and subsequent product incubation the measurements were performed during a 6 hours desiccation phase. The maximal water caption and the time until reaching a steady state are measured as well as water retention and resistance against water loss. Global water content, partially bound, and unbound water, as well as lipid and protein structures were assessed with confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Both the natural sugar-derived mixture and more pronounced, the same mixture with additional glycerol increased all three water-binding parameters at the surface and in 8 μm SC depth at the beginning and during the desiccation phase. Further addition of botanical extract did not result in an additional increase of the water-binding. All three formulations showed an increase in the lipid lateral packing values prevented the protein alteration as measured by β-sheets signal compared to blank. The present model is suited for screening studies comparing the specific effects of different compounds on hydration states. The natural sugar-derived mixture Aquaxyl showed evidence for an improvement of all SC hydration states, lipid and protein structure which was further enhanced by the addition of glycerol 5%. This improvement was evidenced at the surface and within the SC for all hydration-related parameters, and the lipid as well the protein structures. The addition of botanical extract phytoessence blue daisy did not show further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W Fluhr
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Tfayli
- Lipides: Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, Lip(Sys)2, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University-Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nadège Lachmann
- Scientific and Claims Development, Galderma SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wu YF, Salamanca E, Chen IW, Su JN, Chen YC, Wang SY, Sun YS, Teng NC, Chang WJ. Xylitol-Containing Chewing Gum Reduces Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Dental Plaque—Microbiome Investigation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882636. [PMID: 35634392 PMCID: PMC9131035 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDental caries and periodontal disease remain the most prevalent oral health problems in the world. Chewing xylitol gum may help reduce the risk of caries and periodontitis for dental health benefits. However, little evidence has shown healthy food estimation by sequencing 16S rDNA in oral microbial communities. This study investigated the clinical effect of xylitol chewing gum on dental plaque accumulation and microbiota composition using the PacBio full-length sequencing platform in 24 young adults (N = 24). The participants were randomly assigned to xylitol chewing gum and control (no chewing gum) groups. Participants in the chewing gum group chewed ten pieces of gum (a total of 6.2 g xylitol/day). Dental plaque from all teeth was collected for weighing, measuring the pH value, and analysis of microbial communities at the beginning (baseline, M0) and end of the 2-week (effect, M1) study period.ResultsThe results suggested a 20% reduction in dental plaque accumulation (p < 0.05) among participants chewing xylitol gum for 2 weeks, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes (a type of pathogenic bacteria associated with caries) decreased by 10.26% (p < 0.05) and that of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria (two types of pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis) decreased by 6.32% (p < 0.001) and 1.66% (p < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria was increased by 9.24% (p < 0.001), which has been proven to have a higher proportion in dental plaque of healthy adults. However, the dental plaque pH value stayed in a healthy range for the two groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, chewing xylitol gum would benefit cariogenic and periodontal bacterial reduction in the oral cavity, which could help to prevent the diseases related to these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eisner Salamanca
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ning Su
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sui Sun
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation and Center of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Nai-Chia Teng,
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Wei-Jen Chang,
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Mussi L, Baby AR, Camargo Junior FB, Padovani G, Sufi BDS, Magalhães WV. Propanediol (and) Caprylic Acid (and) Xylitol as a New Single Topical Active Ingredient against Acne: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Assays. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216704. [PMID: 34771112 PMCID: PMC8587458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to dermatological complications, acne can affect the quality of life of individuals in numerous ways, such as employment, social habits and body dissatisfaction. According to our expertise, caprylic acid and propanediol would not have a direct action on Cutibacterium acnes. Despite this, we investigated the existence of a synergistic effect among xylitol, caprylic acid and propanediol as a mixture of compounds representing a single topical active ingredient that could benefit the treatment against acne. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to challenge and to prove the efficacy of propanediol, xylitol and caprylic acid (PXCA) against acne. PXCA had its MIC challenged against C. acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in concentrations of 0.125% and 0.25%, respectively, and it also developed antimicrobial activity against C. acnes (time-kill test). PXCA was able to reduce the 5-alpha reductase expression in 24% (p < 0.01) in comparison with the testosterone group. By the end of 28 days of treatment, the compound reduced the skin oiliness, porphyrin amount and the quantity of inflammatory lesions in participants. According to the dermatologist evaluation, PXCA improved the skin's general appearance, acne presence and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Mussi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
| | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.R.B.); (W.V.M.)
| | - Flavio Bueno Camargo Junior
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
| | - Giovana Padovani
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
| | - Bianca da Silva Sufi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
| | - Wagner Vidal Magalhães
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., 18087-101 Sorocaba, Brazil; (L.M.); (F.B.C.J.); (G.P.); (B.d.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.B.); (W.V.M.)
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Denda M, Nakanishi S. Do epidermal keratinocytes have sensory and information processing systems? Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:459-474. [PMID: 34726302 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It was long considered that the role of epidermal keratinocytes is solely to construct a water-impermeable protective membrane, the stratum corneum, at the uppermost layer of the skin. However, in the last two decades, it has been found that keratinocytes contain multiple sensory systems that detect environmental changes, including mechanical stimuli, sound, visible radiation, electric fields, magnetic fields, temperature and chemical stimuli, and also a variety of receptor molecules associated with olfactory or taste sensation. Moreover, neurotransmitters and their receptors that play crucial roles in the brain are functionally expressed in keratinocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that excitation of keratinocytes can induce sensory perception in the brain. Here, we review the sensory and information processing capabilities of keratinocytes. We discuss the possibility that epidermal keratinocytes might represent the earliest stage in the development of the brain during the evolution of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8525, Japan
| | - Shinobu Nakanishi
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0011, Japan
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Altgilbers S, Rippke F, Filbry A, Conzelmann S, Vietzke JP, Burkhardt T, Segger D, Roggenkamp D, Grönniger E. A Biomimetic Combination of Actives Enhances Skin Hydration and Barrier Function via Modulation of Gene Expression: Results of Two Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Clinical Studies. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 35:102-111. [PMID: 34619676 DOI: 10.1159/000520009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Xerosis cutis is characterized by a decreased stratum corneum (SC) hydration and an impaired skin barrier function. Urea, the most prevalent natural moisturizing factor (NMF), is currently considered the gold standard. Its efficacy can further be increased by combining urea with other NMF and skin barrier lipids (SBLs). OBJECTIVE We set out to evaluate physiological effects of a novel functional moisturizer containing 10% urea, additional NMF components, and a combination of SBLs on skin hydration and skin barrier integrity on a cellular and phenotypic level in female volunteers suffering from xerosis. METHODS Two double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical studies were conducted. In the first study, 44 female subjects having very dry body skin applied the moisturizer or its vehicle twice daily to their volar forearms. Twenty-four hours after a single product application as well as 24 h after 2 weeks of treatment, SC hydration was measured by corneometry. Skin barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss 24 h and 48 h after 2 weeks of regular use. Twenty-four hours after 2 weeks of application, skin tape stripping was performed, and urea content was determined in the 3rd strip by means of high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. In the second study, 22 women with self-reported very dry skin applied the moisturizer or vehicle twice daily to their volar forearms for 2 weeks. Then, suction blister samples were obtained for gene expression analysis using RT-PCR. RESULTS Application of the actives led to significantly improved skin hydration and barrier function at all points in time. Compared to the vehicle, application of the moisturizer for 2 weeks resulted in a significant increase in SC urea content. Relative gene expression data revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with skin barrier function, hydration, differentiation, and lipid metabolism compared to the vehicle-treated area. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data demonstrate that the functional moisturizer provides an adequate bioavailability of urea and a beneficial biophysical impact on xerotic skin. Topical treatment with a combination of urea and additional NMF as well as SBL can modify mRNA expression of important epidermal genes stimulating cellular processes and functions. The well-tolerated novel functional moisturizer stimulates molecular mechanisms involved in skin hydration and barrier function and is a profoundly effective treatment option for xerosis cutis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Rippke
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Dörte Segger
- SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH (former SIT Skin Investigation and Technology), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Elke Grönniger
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Dębińska A. New Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis Targeting Skin Barrier Repair via the Regulation of FLG Expression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112506. [PMID: 34198894 PMCID: PMC8200961 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic, inflammatory skin disorders with a complex etiology and a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Despite its high prevalence and effect on the quality of life, safe and effective systemic therapies approved for long-term management of AD are limited. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in recent years has contributed to the development of new therapeutic approaches that target specific pathophysiological pathways. Skin barrier dysfunction and immunological abnormalities are critical in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the importance of the downregulation of epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) molecules caused by external and internal stimuli has been extensively emphasized. The purpose of this review is to discuss the innovations in the therapy of atopic dermatitis, including biologics, small molecule therapies, and other drugs by highlighting regulatory mechanisms of skin barrier-related molecules, such as filaggrin (FLG) as a crucial pathway implicated in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dębińska
- 1st Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 2a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Aging-associated alterations in epidermal function and their clinical significance. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5551-5565. [PMID: 32217811 PMCID: PMC7138575 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronologically-aged skin displays multiple functional changes in both the dermis and the epidermis. It appears that epidermal dysfunction, compromised permeability homeostasis, reduced stratum corneum hydration and elevated skin surface pH predispose to the development of aging-associated cutaneous and extracutaneous disorders. Improvements in epidermal function have been shown to be an effective alternative therapy in the prevention and treatment of some aging-associated cutaneous disorders, including eczematous dermatitis, pruritus, and xerosis. Recent studies demonstrated that epidermal dysfunction leads to the development of chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation, termed ‘inflammaging,’ which is linked to the development of aging-associated systemic disorders. Thus, correction of epidermal dysfunction could comprise a novel strategy in the prevention and treatment of aging-associated systemic disorders as well. In this review, we summarize aging-associated alterations in epidermal function, their underlying mechanisms, and their clinical significance. Regimens to improve epidermal function in the elderly are also discussed.
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8
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Salli K, Lehtinen MJ, Tiihonen K, Ouwehand AC. Xylitol's Health Benefits beyond Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081813. [PMID: 31390800 PMCID: PMC6723878 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylitol has been widely documented to have dental health benefits, such as reducing the risk for dental caries. Here we report on other health benefits that have been investigated for xylitol. In skin, xylitol has been reported to improve barrier function and suppress the growth of potential skin pathogens. As a non-digestible carbohydrate, xylitol enters the colon where it is fermented by members of the colonic microbiota; species of the genus Anaerostipes have been reported to ferment xylitol and produce butyrate. The most common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species do not appear to be able to grow on xylitol. The non-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to a constipation relieving effect and improved bone mineral density. Xylitol also modulates the immune system, which, together with its antimicrobial activity contribute to a reduced respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, and otitis media risk. As a low caloric sweetener, xylitol may contribute to weight management. It has been suggested that xylitol also increases satiety, but these results are not convincing yet. The benefit of xylitol on metabolic health, in addition to the benefit of the mere replacement of sucrose, remains to be determined in humans. Additional health benefits of xylitol have thus been reported and indicate further opportunities but need to be confirmed in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Salli
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Markus J Lehtinen
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Kirsti Tiihonen
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland.
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9
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Rogerson C, O'Shaughnessy RFL. Protein kinases involved in epidermal barrier formation: The AKT family and other animals. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:892-900. [PMID: 29845670 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a stratified epidermis is required for the performance of the essential functions of the skin; to act as an outside-in barrier against the access of microorganisms and other external factors, to prevent loss of water and solutes via inside-out barrier functions and to withstand mechanical stresses. Epidermal barrier function is initiated during embryonic development and is then maintained throughout life and restored after injury. A variety of interrelated processes are required for the formation of a stratified epidermis, and how these processes are both temporally and spatially regulated has long been an aspect of dermatological research. In this review, we describe the roles of multiple protein kinases in the regulation of processes required for epidermal barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Rogerson
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ryan F L O'Shaughnessy
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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10
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Szél E, Danis J, Sőrés E, Tóth D, Korponyai C, Degovics D, Prorok J, Acsai K, Dikstein S, Kemény L, Erős G. Protective effects of glycerol and xylitol in keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:323-331. [PMID: 31190939 PMCID: PMC6514140 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s197946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Our goal was to study whether glycerol and xylitol provide protection against osmotic stress in keratinocytes. Methods: The experiments were performed on HaCaT keratinocytes. Hyperosmotic stress was induced by the addition of sorbitol (450, 500 and 600 mOsm). Both polyols were applied at two different concentrations (glycerol: 0.027% and 0.27%, xylitol: 0.045% and 0.45%). Cellular viability and cytotoxicity were assessed, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured, and the RNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was determined by means of PCR. Differences among groups were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak post-hoc test. When the normality test failed, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks, followed by Dunn's method for pairwise multiple comparison was performed. Results: The higher concentrations of the polyols were effective. Glycerol ameliorated the cellular viability while xylitol prevented the rapid Ca2+ signal. Both polyols suppressed the expression of IL-1α but only glycerol decreased the expression of IL-1β and NFAT5. Conclusions: Glycerol and xylitol protect keratinocytes against osmotic stress. Despite their similar chemical structure, the effect of these polyols displayed differences. Hence, joint application of glycerol and xylitol may be a useful therapeutic approach for different skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Szél
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Danis
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Evelin Sőrés
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Korponyai
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Döníz Degovics
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Prorok
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Károly Acsai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Erős
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Gfeller CF, Wanser R, Mahalingam H, Moore DJ, Wang X, Lin CB, Shanga G, Grove G, Rawlings AV. A series of in vitro and human studies of a novel lip cream formulation for protecting against environmental triggers of recurrent herpes labialis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:193-208. [PMID: 30962701 PMCID: PMC6432897 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s179430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose These studies describe the testing of a novel, daily-use lip cream designed for individuals with lips prone to recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) that protects against environmental triggers. Subjects and methods In vitro occlusive and in vitro and in vivo photoprotection analyses, a characterization of normal vs dry lips, and a randomized, evaluator-blinded, clinical trial that assessed the lip cream in healthy subjects with dry lips were conducted. In the clinical trial, subjects applied the lip cream or were untreated and evaluated using transepidermal water loss (TEWL), corneometry, visual assessments of lip dryness, expert photographic evaluations, and subject-rated outcomes. Results The lip cream’s in vitro water vapor transmission rate (84.1 g/(m2 h)) indicated moderate occlusivity. The lip cream, but not placebo or control (water), reduced ultraviolet A (UVA)- and UVB-induced DNA damage, and tumor necrosis factor-α (EpiDermFT) and pros-taglandin E2 release (EpiDermFT and EpiGingival™). The lip cream’s in vivo sun protection factor (SPF) was 12.2 (lower confidence limit, 11.3) and SPF/UVA protection factor ratio was 0.9. The characterization of dry vs normal lips identified differences in moisturization. In the clinical trial, the lip cream significantly decreased TEWL (difference: −7.19 [95% CI: −11.41, −2.98]; P<0.01), increased corneometry (difference: 4.62 [95% CI: 1.05, 8.19]; P<0.05), and reduced visual dryness (difference: −1.48 [95% CI: 2.24, −0.71]; P<0.001) compared to untreated subjects. Significant benefits were also observed on expert photographic assessments of scaling (difference: −0.89 [95% CI: −1.75, −0.03]; P< 0.05), cupping (difference: −1.50 [95% CI: −2.30, −0.70]; P<0.001), and healthy appearance (difference: −1.44 [95% CI: −2.29, −0.58]; P<0.01); differences in overall healthy appearance were not significant (P=0.51). Subject-rated assessments indicated improvements in cracking, dryness, and flaking in the lip cream group but worsening in untreated subjects. Conclusion These studies indicate that this novel, daily-use lip cream protects against UV radiation, drying, and chapping, which are established environmental RHL triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F Gfeller
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Medical Affairs Skin Health, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - Rita Wanser
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Medical Affairs Skin Health, Warren, NJ, USA,
| | - Harish Mahalingam
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Medical Affairs Skin Health, Warren, NJ, USA,
| | - David J Moore
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, R&D Innovation Skin Health, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - Xuying Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, R&D Innovation Skin Health, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Connie B Lin
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, R&D Innovation Skin Health, Collegeville, PA, USA
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