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Sheikh HM, Jha RK. Triggered Skin Sensitivity: Understanding Contact Dermatitis. Cureus 2024; 16:e59486. [PMID: 38826956 PMCID: PMC11142925 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis, the incendiary reaction of the skin to various components, can manifest in various types, including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, nummular eczema, seborrhoea, and stasis dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is the most common skin disease in children and has a growing prevalence in recent years. It is characterized by extreme tingling, eczemous skin injuries, dryness of the skin, and a family history of atopic illnesses. Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common, irritating skin disorder caused by allergens and aggravating elements in the environment. It is the most common cause of work-related dermatitis and plays a substantial role in hand and face dermatitis. A complete restorative history is essential for establishing CD and identifying the allergies that cause it. Fix testing, skin tests for fast contact reactions, serum allergen-specific IgE testing, subjective and quantitative evaluation of allergens inside probable items patients were exposed to, and challenge testing are among the other diagnostic techniques. To avoid a breakdown and the continuation of the skin illness, early and suitable therapy is critical. Allergic dermatitis to contact (ACD) develops during the normal, delayed incendiary reaction and has a perplexing etiology. Accurate identification of the allergen that is causing the reaction allows for adequate individual avoidance. The major treatment alternatives continue to be corticosteroids. Nickel-contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction that affects both children and adults. Adverse contact dermatitis (ACD) is a frequent skin reaction to a common allergen that can affect both children and adults. Less than 10% of all diagnostic procedures in pediatric patients involve checking for ACD symptoms. To answer the clinical question, a thorough history is gathered based on appearance, age group, and dermatitis type. According to pediatricians in the US, metals, perfumes, topical antimicrobials, excessive chemicals, and fabric softeners are the most typical allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris M Sheikh
- College of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan K Jha
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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de Boer FL, van der Molen HF, Kezic S. Epidermal biomarkers of the skin barrier in atopic and contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 89:221-229. [PMID: 37571977 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the skin barrier plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. Epidermal biomarkers can aid in evaluating the functionality of the skin barrier and understanding the mechanisms that underlay its impairment. This narrative review provides an overview of recent studies on epidermal biomarkers associated with the function and integrity of the skin barrier, and their application in research on atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. The reviewed studies encompass a wide spectrum of molecular, morphological and biophysical biomarkers, mainly obtained from stratum corneum tape strips and biopsies. Lipids, natural moisturizing factors, and structural proteins are the most frequently reported molecular biomarkers. Additionally, corneocyte surface topography and elasticity show potential as biomarkers for assessing the physical barrier of the skin. In contact dermatitis studies, biomarkers are commonly employed to evaluate skin irritation and differentiate between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. In atopic dermatitis, biomarkers are primarily utilized to identify differences between atopic and healthy skin, for predictive purposes, and monitoring response to therapies. While this overview identifies potential biomarkers for the skin barrier, their validation as epidermal biomarkers for atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis has yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L de Boer
- Public and Occupational Health Department, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H F van der Molen
- Public and Occupational Health Department, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Kezic
- Public and Occupational Health Department, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Kim YB, Kang EJ, Noh JR, An JP, Park JT, Oh WK, Kim YH, Lee CH. Humulus japonicus ameliorates irritant contact dermatitis by suppressing NF‑κB p65‑dependent inflammatory responses in mice. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:446. [PMID: 37614435 PMCID: PMC10443058 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a type of contact dermatitis (CD), irritant CD (ICD) is an acute skin inflammation caused by external irritants, such as soap, water and chemicals. Humulus japonicus (HJ) is a herbal medicine widely distributed in Asian countries and has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. The current study aimed to investigate the anti-dermatitis effect of HJ on ICD and determine the molecular basis of this effect using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced dermatitis mice models and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Mice were orally administered HJ and luteolin, the major compound in HJ, and topically administered TPA on the right ear to induce dermatitis. Topical application of TPA induced ear redness, oedema and increased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, which ameliorated following HJ and luteolin administration. The gene expression levels of inflammatory cell migrating chemokines, chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), and pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, were reduced in the ears of HJ- and luteolin-treated mice. HJ and luteolin also inhibited the gene expression of chemokines, CCL3 and CXCL2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, HJ and luteolin decreased the expression levels of two key inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and total and active phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. These results suggest that HJ could have a protective effect against ICD by suppressing inflammatory responses; therefore, HJ is a promising therapeutic strategy for ICD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Pyo An
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Kiecka A, Macura B, Szczepanik M. Modulation of allergic contact dermatitis via gut microbiota modified by diet, vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:236-248. [PMID: 36729361 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most common recorded occupational diseases. There are many different substances that the skin comes into contact with on a daily basis and that can cause ACD, e.g., preservatives, surfactants, and antimicrobial agents. The development of a mouse model of ACD has provided insight into the immune mechanisms involved. Drugs used in the treatment of skin diseases have many side effects. Therefore, alternative methods of suppressing the immune response to reduce the symptoms of skin diseases are being sought. In recent years, high hopes have been placed on dietary modulation and supplementation to affect the intestinal microbial composition and promote anti-inflammatory responses. In addition, other studies have shown the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in many immune-mediated diseases. Recognition and characterization of pro- and anti-inflammatory nutrients and supplements may be crucial to support the treatment of diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kiecka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Barbara Macura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
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Prado VC, Moenke K, Osmari BF, Pegoraro NS, Oliveira SM, Cruz L. Development of Guar Gum Hydrogel Containing Sesamol-Loaded Nanocapsules Designed for Irritant Contact Dermatitis Treatment Induced by Croton Oil Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:285. [PMID: 36678913 PMCID: PMC9861215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritant contact dermatitis is usually treated with corticosteroids, which cause expressive adverse effects. Sesamol is a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to evaluate a hydrogel containing sesamol-loaded ethylcellulose nanocapsules for the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis. The nanocapsules presented a size in the nanometric range, a negative zeta potential, a sesamol content close to the theoretical value (1 mg/mL), and a 65% encapsulation efficiency. Nanoencapsulation protected sesamol against UVC-induced degradation and increased the scavenging activity assessed by ABTS and DPPH radicals. The hydrogels were prepared by thickening the nanocapsule suspensions with guar gum (2.5%). The hydrogels maintained the nanometric size of the nanocapsules and a sesamol content of approximately 1 mg/g. The HET-CAM assay classified the hydrogels as nonirritating. The in vitro release of the hydrogel containing sesamol in the nanoencapsulated form demonstrated an initial burst effect followed by a prolonged sesamol release and a lower skin permeation in comparison with the hydrogel containing free sesamol. In addition, it exhibited the best anti-inflammatory effect in the irritant contact dermatitis model induced by croton oil, reducing ear edema and inflammatory cells infiltration, similar to dexamethasone (positive control). Therefore, the hydrogel containing sesamol in the nanoencapsulated form seemed to have a therapeutic potential in treating irritant contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Costa Prado
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Kauani Moenke
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Felin Osmari
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Natháli Schopf Pegoraro
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Analysis of clinical presentations, lip transepidermal water loss and associated dermatological conditions in patients with chronic cheilitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22497. [PMID: 36577807 PMCID: PMC9797544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cheilitis (CC) is a spectrum of inflammatory changes of unknown etiology that affect the vermilion of the lips. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentations and risk factors of CC. Patients with CC were recruited from the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of China. A convenience sample of inhabitants who live in the same geographical region were recruited as the control group. The lip skin transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and capacitance of CC patients were compared with that of age- and gender-matched controls. Our results demonstrated that of the 109 patients with CC, 72 (66.1%; 95% CI: 57.0-75.1%) were female. The common clinical presentations of CC consisted of desquamation (n = 99; 90.8%), and/or chapping (n = 81; 74.3%), and/or pruritus (n = 64; 58.7%). Multivariable analysis showed that allergic dermatologic diseases (P < 0.001; OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 2.4-8.4), anemia (P = 0.001; OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.5-7.5), and indoor/outdoor alternate working environment (P < 0.001; OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5-2.8) were the significant risk factors for CC. The mean lip skin TEWL was found to be significantly higher, while the capacitance was lower in CC patients compared to that of control individuals. This study provides insights into the etiopathogenesis of CC and may help clinicians to identify the most effective management strategies.
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Cannabinoid Compounds as a Pharmacotherapeutic Option for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Skin Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244102. [PMID: 36552866 PMCID: PMC9777118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be involved in various skin functions, such as melanogenesis and the maintenance of redox balance in skin cells exposed to UV radiation, as well as barrier functions, sebaceous gland activity, wound healing and the skin's immune response. In addition to the potential use of cannabinoids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer, cannabinoid compounds and derivatives are of interest as potential systemic and topical applications for the treatment of various inflammatory, fibrotic and pruritic skin conditions. In this context, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a therapeutic option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, asteatotic and atopic eczema, uraemic pruritis, scalp psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and venous leg ulcers. This review provides an insight into the current literature on cannabinoid compounds as potential medicines for the treatment of skin diseases.
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Makhakhe L. Topical cannabidiol (CBD) in skin pathology – A comprehensive review and prospects for new therapeutic opportunities. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022; 64:e1-e4. [PMID: 35695447 PMCID: PMC9210160 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have utilised cannabis products in various forms throughout the recorded history. To date, more than 500 biologically active components have been identified in the plants of the Cannabis genus, amongst which more than 100 were classified as phytocannabinoids (exocannabinoids). The plant genus Cannabis is a member of the plant family Cannabaceae, and there are three primary cannabis species which vary in their biochemical constituents: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. There has been a growing level of interest in research on the topical usage of a cannabis-based extract as a safer and more effective alternative to the usage of topical corticosteroids in treating some dermatoses. Together with the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors on the skin, it has been further illustrated that topical cannabis has anti-inflammatory, anti-itching, analgesics, wound healing and anti-proliferative effects on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehlohonolo Makhakhe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; and, The South African Institute of Dermatology, Bloemfontein.
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Kathare M, Julander A, Erfani B, Schenk L. OUP accepted manuscript. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:741-753. [PMID: 35217863 PMCID: PMC9250289 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using data from the Swedish Products Register, hosted by the Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI), national occupational injury and disease statistics, and call records from the Swedish Poisons Information Centre (PIC) we characterize health hazards of marketed cleaning products and recorded injuries, disease, and incidents linked to cleaning or disinfection agents. The results show that cleaning agents pose many kinds of health hazards, although corrosion and irritation hazards dominate, in particular for the eyes (54% of all included products). Few products were recognized as inhalation hazards. The nature of the health hazards is reflected in the occupational disease and injury statistics and PIC records for eyes and skin but not for the respiratory tract. Among occupational disease cases attributed to cleaning or disinfection agents, 61% concern skin and 26% the respiratory tract. Among occupational injury cases 64% concern chemical burns. However, only a small part (<0.5%) of all reported diseases and injuries were explicitly attributed to cleaning or disinfection agents. On average, there were 11 cases of disease attributed to cleaning or disinfection agents per million workers and year. For occupational injuries the corresponding number was 8. The data concern a broad range of sectors and occupations, but notable sectors were healthcare, accommodation and food service, and manufacturing. Women were more likely to suffer from disease, men and women equally likely to suffer from injury. PIC cases were evenly distributed between men and women, but the clear risk cases more frequently involved men. Occupational diseases increased many-fold in 2020 while injuries decreased, which could be due to COVID-19 changing use patterns of cleaning and disinfection agents at work. We conclude that cleaning agents pose a variety of risks to a large part of the workforce, although particular attention for preventive efforts may need to be directed to the healthcare, accommodation and food service, and manufacturing sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyi Kathare
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Julander
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sustainable work and management, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Behnaz Erfani
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Schenk
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +46-8-5248-7968; fax: +46-8-33-69-81; e-mail:
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Kim JY, Kim KB, Lee BM. Validation of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) approaches as alternatives to skin sensitization risk assessment. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:945-959. [PMID: 34338166 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1956660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to validate the physicochemical properties of a total of 362 chemicals [305 skin sensitizers (212 in the previous study + 93 additional new chemicals), 57 non-skin sensitizers (38 in the previous study + 19 additional new chemicals)] for skin sensitization risk assessment using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)/quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approaches. The average melting point (MP), surface tension (ST), and density (DS) of the 305 skin sensitizers and 57 non-sensitizers were used to determine the cutoff values distinguishing positive and negative sensitization, and correlation coefficients were employed to derive effective 3-fold concentration (EC3 (%)) values. QSAR models were also utilized to assess skin sensitization. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80, 15, and 70%, respectively, for the Toxtree QSAR model; 88, 46, and 81%, respectively, for Vega; and 56, 61, and 56%, respectively, for Danish EPA QSAR. Surprisingly, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 60, 80, and 64%, respectively, when MP, ST, and DS (MP+ST+DS) were used in this study. Further, MP+ST+DS exhibited a sensitivity of 77%, specificity 57%, and accuracy 73% when the derived EC3 values were classified into local lymph node assay (LLNA) skin sensitizer and non-sensitizer categories. Thus, MP, ST, and DS may prove useful in predicting EC3 values as not only an alternative approach to animal testing but also for skin sensitization risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Kim
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairdresser apprentices (HAs) are at high risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES To assess skin characteristics of HAs, using genotyping, clinically observed and self-reported skin symptoms, and skin bioengineering methods at the beginning of apprenticeship. METHODS During the screening phase of a prospective cohort study, we recruited 352 HAs in 24 Croatian towns. The protocol included the following: questionnaires with self-reported skin and atopy symptoms evaluation, Osnabrueck Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI) for clinical skin assessment, genotyping FLG (filaggrin) gene mutations, skin pH, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements. RESULTS Self-reported skin symptoms were reported by 12%, history of dry hands by 29%, and history of atopy by 46% of HAs. Skin changes were found at the clinical examination in 18% of the HA. The OHSI score was positively correlated with hand TEWL and hand skin pH in multiple regression linear models. An FLG gene mutation was found in 1 apprentice. CONCLUSIONS Significant prevalence of clinically observed skin signs on the hands was observed in HAs at the beginning of training. The OHSI score was found to be an independent predictor of higher hand TEWL and skin pH values. The need to ameliorate preventive examinations before the enrolment to hairdressing schools was indicated.
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Rühl-Muth AC, Maler MD, Esser PR, Martin SF. Feeding of a fat-enriched diet causes the loss of resistance to contact hypersensitivity. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:398-406. [PMID: 34218443 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-molecular weight chemicals or metal ions can cause allergic contact dermatitis, an inflammatory skin disease. Mice lacking Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2/4 mice) are resistant to contact hypersensitivity (CHS). In the Western population obesity is increasing, which is known to have a proinflammatory impact. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the sensitization and elicitation of CHS. We hypothesized that a proinflammatory micromilieu can be caused by an increase in adipose tissue, which might be sufficient to break the resistance of TLR2/4 mice. METHODS Four weeks prior to sensitization, wild-type (wt) or TLR2/4 mice were fed normal chow (NC), control diet (CD), or HFD. The effects on CHS and inflammation were analysed by measuring the ear swelling response, using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The reaction of wt mice to 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) was increased by HFD. While NC-fed TLR2/4 mice were still resistant to CHS, HFD and, unexpectedly, CD feeding broke the resistance of TLR2/4 mice to TNCB. CONCLUSIONS These experiments suggest that the increased fat content or the different fatty acid composition of the diets increases inflammation and, therefore, the likelihood of developing CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Rühl-Muth
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mareike D Maler
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg
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Abstract
Surfactants, many of which are used as detergents, can be found in many common household items, such as shampoos, conditioners, soaps, and cosmetics. One should recognize the multitude of surfactants that are used in today's products to identify any potential allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) or irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Given their abundance in everyday products, it is understandable that many cases of occupational contact dermatitis that arise can be attributed to surfactants. The products most connected with ACD are cocamidopropyl betaine, oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, decyl glucoside, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine, amidoamine, and cocamide diethanolamine. Similarly, the most common surfactant-related causes of ICD are sodium lauryl sulfate and benzalkonium chloride. It is important for dermatologists to identify the causes and differentiate between the two, to adjust treatments and products accordingly. Here, the most frequently used surfactants, as well as their correlation between ACD and ICD, will be reviewed.
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14
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Baur V, Schultz ES. Handekzeme: Ätiologie, Diagnostik und therapeutisches Management. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1106-9108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Santiago JL, Muñoz-Rodriguez JR, de la Cruz-Morcillo MA, Villar-Rodriguez C, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Aguado C, Nuncia-Cantarero M, Redondo-Calvo FJ, Perez-Ortiz JM, Galan-Moya EM. Characterization of Permeability Barrier Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Cutaneous Field Cancerization Following Chronic UV-B Irradiation: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Skin Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163935. [PMID: 34439089 PMCID: PMC8394893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the present work, we developed an experimental preclinical model of skin with cutaneous field cancerization after chronic UV-B light exposure in an immunologically intact mouse model (SKH1 aged mice). We observed impairments in the transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, and surface pH. We also detected a marked hyperkeratotic hyperplasia of the epidermis, induction of keratinocyte hyperproliferation, incidental actinic keratosis, and in situ squamous cell carcinomas in the UV-B light-irradiated groups. In this context, the association between the permeability barrier impairment and keratinocyte hyperproliferation might be considered a new target in the management of skin with cutaneous field cancerization. As current therapeutic approaches to actinic keratosis and cutaneous field cancerization only focus on the direct antineoplastic, immunomodulatory, or photodynamic effects of approved topical drugs, this mouse model of skin with cutaneous field cancerization might be helpful for both the identification and screening of potentially new preventive strategies or treatments (e.g., skin barrier therapies). Abstract Chronic ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is known to be one of the most important hazards acting on the skin and poses a risk of developing photoaging, skin with cutaneous field cancerization (CFC), actinic keratosis (AKs), and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Most of the UV-B light is absorbed in the epidermis, affecting the outermost cell layers, the stratum corneum, and the stratum granulosum, which protects against this radiation and tries to maintain the permeability barrier. In the present work, we show an impairment in the transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, and surface pH after chronic UV-B light exposure in an immunologically intact mouse model (SKH1 aged mice) of skin with CFC. Macroscopic lesions of AKs and SCCs may develop synchronically or over time on the same cutaneous surface due to both the presence of subclinical AKs and in situ SCC, but also the accumulation of different mutations in keratinocytes. Focusing on skin with CFC, yet without the pathological criteria of AKs or SCC, the presence of p53 immunopositive patches (PIPs) within the epidermis is associated with these UV-B-induced mutations. Reactive epidermis to chronic UV-B exposure correlated with a marked hyperkeratotic hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, and induction of keratinocyte hyperproliferation, while expressing an upregulation of filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin immunostaining. However, incidental AKs and in situ SCC might show neither hypergranulosis nor upregulation of differentiation markers in the upper epidermis. Despite the overexpression of filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin, lipid enzymes, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 12 (ABCA12) after chronic UV-B irradiation, the permeability barrier, stratum corneum hydration, and surface pH were severely compromised in the skin with CFC. We interpret these results as an attempt to restore the permeability barrier homeostasis by the reactive epidermis, which fails due to ultrastructural losses in stratum corneum integrity, higher pH on skin surface, abundant mast cells in the dermis, and the common presence of incidental AKs and in situ SCC. As far as we know, this is the first time that the permeability barrier has been studied in the skin with CFC in a murine model of SCC induced after chronic UV-B irradiation at high doses. The impairment in the permeability barrier and the consequent keratinocyte hyperproliferation in the skin of CFC might play a role in the physiopathology of AKs and SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.R.M.-R.); (M.A.d.l.C.-M.); (C.V.-R.)
| | - Jose Ramon Muñoz-Rodriguez
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.R.M.-R.); (M.A.d.l.C.-M.); (C.V.-R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | | | - Clara Villar-Rodriguez
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.R.M.-R.); (M.A.d.l.C.-M.); (C.V.-R.)
| | - Lucia Gonzalez-Lopez
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Miriam Nuncia-Cantarero
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.N.-C.); (E.M.G.-M.)
| | - Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.R.M.-R.); (M.A.d.l.C.-M.); (C.V.-R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.J.R.-C.); (J.M.P.-O.); Tel.: +34-926-278-000 (J.M.P.-O.)
| | - Jose Manuel Perez-Ortiz
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.R.M.-R.); (M.A.d.l.C.-M.); (C.V.-R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.J.R.-C.); (J.M.P.-O.); Tel.: +34-926-278-000 (J.M.P.-O.)
| | - Eva Maria Galan-Moya
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.N.-C.); (E.M.G.-M.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
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16
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Martin SF, Esser PR. Innate Immune Mechanisms in Contact Dermatitis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 268:297-310. [PMID: 34173865 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergies are highly prevalent hypersensitivity responses to usually harmless substances. They are mediated by the immune system which causes pathologic responses such as type I (rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic asthma, atopy) or type IV hypersensitivity (allergic contact dermatitis). The different types of allergy are mediated by effector and memory T cells and, in the case of type I hypersensitivity, B cells. A prerequisite for the activation of these cells of the adaptive immune system is the activation of the innate immune system. The resulting inflammation is essential not only for the initiation but also for the elicitation and maintenance of allergies. Great progress has been made in the elucidation of the cellular and molecular pathomechanisms underlying allergen-induced inflammation. It is now recognized that the innate immune system in concert with tissue stress and damage responses orchestrates inflammation. This should enable the development of novel mechanism-based anti-inflammatory treatment strategies as well as of animal-free in vitro assays for the identification and potency classification of contact allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Forschergruppe Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Forschergruppe Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Milam EC, Nassau S, Banta E, Fonacier L, Cohen DE. Occupational Contact Dermatitis: An Update. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:3283-3293. [PMID: 33161959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Occupation contact dermatitis (CD) is a common inflammatory skin condition impacting every professional industry in the United States. It is associated with significant personal and professional distress, loss of revenue, and decreased productivity. Occupational CD is further subdivided into irritant CD and allergic CD. Frequently, workers may suffer from a combination of both types. Numerous workplace exposures are implicated, but there are several themes across professions, such as CD related to frequent handwashing and wet work. A detailed occupational history, physical examination, and patch testing can help to make the diagnosis. Treatment includes identification of the substance and avoidance, which often is quite challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Milam
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Stacy Nassau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Erin Banta
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Luz Fonacier
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - David E Cohen
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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18
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Rüther L, Kezic S, Riethmüller C. Corneocyte Nanotexture as Biomarker for Individual Susceptibility to Skin Irritants. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:201-205. [PMID: 32914835 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritant contact dermatitis is a wide spread occupational skin condition. In addition to generalized protection and teaching schemes, a knowledge about individual risk might add to an improved awareness for hazards. Here, we report on a novel candidate biomarker, which might stage individual susceptibility to irritant skin damage. Subclinical sensitivity was proven in recent studies. As a nano-anatomical measure, it works non-invasively on corneocytes from tape strips. Here, we report on a 7-day course after exposure to sodium lauryl sulphate and compare the novel cell texture index with the classical markers water loss (transepidermal water loss) and natural moisturizing factor. All parameters show a high degree of correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rüther
- Dermatest GmbH, Engelstrasse, Münster, Germany
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Coronel Institute, Meibergdreef, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Abuga K, Nyamweya N. Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers in COVID-19 Prevention: A Multidimensional Perspective. PHARMACY 2021; 9:64. [PMID: 33808754 PMCID: PMC8006002 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) as an important means of controlling the transmission of infectious disease has increased significantly as governments and public health agencies across the world advocated hand hygiene as a preventative measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the performance of these products is most commonly defined as a function of their alcohol concentration, they are multifaceted products in which an interplay of several factors is important in determining efficacy. This paper discusses the interplay between ABHS input (formulation) factors and output (product performance) factors in the context of a multidimensional perspective using a novel representative paradigm. In the model, represented in the form of a three-dimensional tetrahedron, each of the faces represents inputs in the manufacturing of the ABHS product, which are the type and amount of alcohol, the inactive ingredients, the formulation and the manufacturing practices. The four corners of the tetrahedron represent the product performance factors which include product efficacy, sensory characteristics, usage and compliance and product safety. The multidimensional approach to the formulation and evaluation of ABHS shows that several factors contribute to the effectiveness and utility of these products. The paradigm provides a useful framework for manufacturers of ABHS and related healthcare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Abuga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Nasser Nyamweya
- Pharma Manufacturing Solutions, Nairobi P.O. Box 21297-00505, Kenya;
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20
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Stamatas GN, Bensaci J, Greugny E, Kaur S, Wang H, Dizon MV, Cork MJ, Friedman AJ, Oddos T. A Predictive Self-Organizing Multicellular Computational Model of Infant Skin Permeability to Topically Applied Substances. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2049-2055.e1. [PMID: 33705796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computational models of skin permeability are typically based on assumptions of fixed geometry and homogeneity of the whole epidermis or of epidermal strata and are often limited to adult skin. Infant skin differs quantitatively from that of the adult in its structure and its functional properties, including its barrier function to permeation. To address this problem, we developed a self-organizing multicellular epidermis model of barrier formation with realistic cell morphology. By modulating the parameters relating to cell turnover reflecting those in adult or infant epidermis, we were able to generate accordingly two distinct models. Emerging properties of these models reflect the corresponding experimentally measured values of epidermal and stratum corneum thickness. Diffusion of an externally applied substance (e.g., caffeine) was simulated by a molecular exchange between the model agents, defined by the individual cells and their surrounding extracellular space. By adjusting the surface concentration and the intercellular exchange rate, the model can recapitulate experimental permeability data after topical exposure. By applying these parameters to an infant model, we were able to predict the caffeine concentration profile in infant skin, closely matching experimental results. This work paves the way for a better understanding of skin physiology and function during the first years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Stamatas
- Essential Health R&D, Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
| | - Jalil Bensaci
- Essential Health R&D, Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Elea Greugny
- Essential Health R&D, Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Simarna Kaur
- Skin Health R&D, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Skillman, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hequn Wang
- Skin Health R&D, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Skillman, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Dizon
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Michael J Cork
- The Academic Unit of Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Friedman
- The Department of Dermatology, George Washington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thierry Oddos
- Essential Health R&D, Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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21
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Ahlström MG, Johansen JD. Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Humans: Experimental and Quantitative Aspects. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Brans R, John SM, Frosch PJ. Clinical Aspects of Irritant Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Role of the Permeability Barrier in Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Comparison of beautician and hairdressing apprentices with regard to skin health and skin barrier function. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:190-196. [PMID: 33074168 PMCID: PMC7968498 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hairdressing and beautician apprentices are at high risk of occupational skin diseases. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of skin symptoms and the condition of skin barrier between them at the end of vocational training. We recruited 101 hairdressing and 76 beautician apprentices (overall median age 17 years), who reported their history of skin symptoms through the Croatian translation of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) and had their hand skin clinically examined and evaluated with the Osnabrück Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured following the standard procedure. Hairdressing apprentices reported significantly higher prevalence of hand/wrist eczema or urticaria than beautician apprentices (35 % vs 25 %, respectively; P=0.041) and higher severity of current hand eczema [median (range) 1.5 (0-8) vs 0.5 (0-4), respectively; P<0.001] and had higher hand TEWL values in those who washed their hands >20 times a day [median (interquartile range): 24.4 (19.7-33.7) vs 18.8 (15.4-23.2) g/ m2/h, respectively; P<0.001). Hairdressing apprentices had more severe clinical symptoms on the hands, and 83 % of those who reported eczema also reported that exacerbation occurred during practical training in comparison to 38 % of beautician apprentices. Our study is the first to report occupational hand and forearm skin issues in the beautician apprentices and also suggests that more effort is needed to improve training about safety at work, which should be specifically tailored for these two trades.
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25
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Rundle CW, Presley CL, Militello M, Barber C, Powell DL, Jacob SE, Atwater AR, Watsky KL, Yu J, Dunnick CA. Hand hygiene during COVID-19: Recommendations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:1730-1737. [PMID: 32707253 PMCID: PMC7373692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased hand hygiene and hand cleansing awareness. To prevent virus transmission, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends frequent hand washing with soap and water. Hand hygiene products are available in a variety of forms, and while each of these formulations may be effective against COVID-19, they may also alter skin barrier integrity and function. As health care workers and the general population focus on stringent hand hygiene, the American Contact Dermatitis Society anticipates an increase in both irritant contact and allergic contact hand dermatitis. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers with moisturizers have the least sensitizing and irritancy potential when compared to soaps and synthetic detergents. This article provides an overview of the most frequently used hand hygiene products and their associations with contact dermatitis as well as recommendations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society on how to treat and prevent further dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler W Rundle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Colby L Presley
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, Colorado
| | - Michelle Militello
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, Colorado
| | - Cara Barber
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Douglas L Powell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sharon E Jacob
- Loma Linda Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; Department Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, Riverside, California; Department of Dermatology, Loma Linda University Center, Loma Linda, California
| | - Amber Reck Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kalman L Watsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiade Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cory A Dunnick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado.
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Politiek K, Loman L, Pas HH, Diercks GFH, Lemmink HH, Jan SZ, van den Akker PC, Bolling MC, Schuttelaar MLA. Hyperkeratotic hand eczema: Eczema or not? Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:196-205. [PMID: 32333380 PMCID: PMC7496397 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperkeratotic hand eczema (HHE) is a typical clinical hand eczema subtype with a largely unknown pathophysiology. Objective To investigate histopathology, expression of keratins (K), epidermal barrier proteins, and adhesion molecules in HHE. Methods Palmar skin biopsies (lesional and perilesional) were obtained from seven HHE patients and two healthy controls. Moreover, 135 candidate genes associated with palmoplantar keratoderma were screened for mutations. Results Immunofluorescence staining showed a significant reduction of K9 and K14 in lesional skin. Upregulation was found for K5, K6, K16, and K17 in lesional skin compared with perilesional and healthy palmar skin. Further, upregulation of involucrin and alternating loricrin staining, both in an extracellular staining pattern, was found. Filaggrin expression was similar in lesional, perilesional, and control skin. No monogenetic mutations were found. Conclusion Currently, the phenotype of HHE is included in the hand eczema classification system; however, it can be argued whether this is justified. The evident expression of filaggrin and involucrin in lesional skin does not support a pathogenesis of atopic eczema. The upregulation of K6, K16, and K17 and reduction of K9 and K14 might contribute to the underlying pathogenesis. Unfortunately, comparison with hand eczema studies is not possible yet, because similar protein expression studies are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaziena Politiek
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Loman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendri H Pas
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles F H Diercks
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny H Lemmink
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Z Jan
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie L A Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Sobhan M, Hojati M, Vafaie SY, Ahmadimoghaddam D, Mohammadi Y, Mehrpooya M. The Efficacy of Colloidal Oatmeal Cream 1% as Add-on Therapy in the Management of Chronic Irritant Hand Eczema: A Double-Blind Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:241-251. [PMID: 32273745 PMCID: PMC7103792 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s246021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is the most frequent cause of hand eczema (HE). There is promising evidence with the use of topical oatmeal compounds in the management of inflammation- and itch-responses associated with diverse dermatologic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical benefit of colloidal oatmeal cream in the management of chronic irritant HE. Methods From October 2018 to November 2019, 79 patients with diagnosis of chronic irritant HE were allocated into either intervention or control groups by block randomization method. Besides fluocinolone 0.025% ointment for the first 2 weeks of treatment period, patients in the intervention and control groups were asked to use colloidal oatmeal 1% cream or base cream for additional 4 weeks as monotherapy. Changes in the HE severity based on the hand eczema severity index (HESCI) score, pruritus severity based on the visual analogue scale (VAS), and impact of skin disorder on patients quality of life based on the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) from baseline to weeks 2, 4, and 6 were assessed in the study groups. Results Fifty subjects, 26 in intervention and 24 in control, completed the course of the study. The results indicated, though relatively comparable decrease in mean HESI and VAS scores was observed in both groups by the end of week 2, thereafter until end of the study a non-return of symptoms to baseline conditions was observed in the intervention group, while there was a significant return of symptoms to baseline conditions in the control group (p value<0.001 in both conditions). Further, a noticeable improvement in the DLQI score was seen in the intervention group compared with the control group (p value<0.001). Conclusion Findings demonstrate that colloidal oatmeal, a natural product with proven barrier protection, moisturization, anti-inflammatory, and soothing properties, can have ameliorative effects on eczema severity symptoms in patients with chronic irritant HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Sobhan
- Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Farshchian Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hojati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Yaser Vafaie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehrpooya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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28
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Santarossa M, Mauro M, Belloni Fortina A, Corradin MT, Larese Filon F. Occupational contact dermatitis in Triveneto: Analysis of patch test data of the North Eastern Italian Database from 1996 to 2016. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 82:370-379. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Santarossa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Unit of Occupational MedicineUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Marcella Mauro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Unit of Occupational MedicineUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Padua Hospital Internal Medicine Department – DIMED, Paediatric Dermatology UnitUniversity of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Maria T. Corradin
- Pordenone Hospital – Internal and Specialistic DepartmentOspedale Santa Maria degli Angeli Pordenone Italy
| | - Francesca Larese Filon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Unit of Occupational MedicineUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
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Nada HR, Rashed LA, Elantably DMM, El Sharkawy DA. Expression of retinoid receptors in hand eczema. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:576-581. [PMID: 32129477 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand eczema is the most common occupational skin disease. The etiology is multifactorial. Systemic alitretinoin, a pan-retinoic receptor agonist, has proven efficacy in the treatment of recalcitrant chronic hand eczema; however, its precise mechanism of action in hand eczema is not fully understood. AIMS Assessment of the level of expression of retinoid receptors (RAR and RXR) in the skin of patients with hand eczema in an attempt to explain their possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS Thirty patients with hand eczema and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Full clinical examination was done, and tissue levels of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The levels of RAR and RXR expression were significantly downregulated in the patient group compared to the control group; (P < 0.001) for both. In addition, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between Osnabrück Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI) and the levels of RAR and RXR expression (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Deficient retinoid receptor expression has a primary role in the pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, and severity of hand eczema and sheds light on the mechanism of action of retinoids in the treatment of chronic hand eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Rabea Nada
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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An Y, Park MJ, Lee J, Ko J, Kim S, Kang DH, Hwang NS. Recent Advances in the Transdermal Delivery of Protein Therapeutics with a Combinatorial System of Chemical Adjuvants and Physical Penetration Enhancements. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Mihn Jeong Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Su‐Hwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- BioMAX Institute, Institute of BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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31
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Role of the Permeability Barrier in Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of hand eczema is multifactorial. Exogenous factors such as skin irritation and contact sensitization contribute to this as well as an endogenous atopic predisposition. OBJECTIVE This article provides a review of the pathogenetic factors relevant to the development of hand eczema. MATERIAL AND METHODS An evaluation of the current literature on the pathogenesis of hand eczema was carried out. RESULTS Impairment of the epidermal barrier function plays an essential role for the development of hand eczema. The molecular biological basis and the possible significance of a genetic predisposition beyond atopy are not yet fully understood. Immunological processes involved in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema are likely to play a role in the development of certain subtypes of hand eczema. This might contribute to an expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for hand eczema in the future. CONCLUSION The exact understanding of the individual pathogenesis in single hand eczema patients is essential in order to provide specific advice on allergen avoidance, skin protection and basic treatment and to initiate appropriate therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Molin
- Division of Dermatology, Queen's University, 166 Brock Street, ON K7L 5G2, Kingston, Kanada.
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33
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Gibson K, Minjarez R, Rinehardt E, Ferris B. Frequency and severity of hypersensitivity reactions in patients after VenaSeal™ cyanoacrylate treatment of superficial venous insufficiency. Phlebology 2019; 35:337-344. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355519878618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hypersensitivity reaction presenting as a distinctive erythematous rash has been reported following VenaSeal™ cyanoacrylate adhesive closure. We report the frequency of hypersensitivity reactions, time to onset, duration, and severity of symptoms in patients treated with cyanoacrylate adhesive closure at a single institution. Patient and procedural factors associated with hypersensitivity reactions were evaluated. Methods A combined retrospective/prospective review of cyanoacrylate adhesive closure-treated patients was conducted over five years. Data collected from electronic medical records were reviewed for the presence of hypersensitivity reactions along with the time of onset, duration of symptoms, and severity of reaction. Severity was classified as mild if no treatment or over the counter medication was provided, moderate if steroids were required, and severe if the reaction lasted >30 days or required vein excision. Results Three hundred and seventy-nine limbs were treated in 286 patients (313 treatment days). Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 18 patients (5.8% treatments, 6.3% patients). Thirteen were mild (4.2%), four were moderate (1.3%), and one was severe (0.3%). No patient or procedural predictive factors for hypersensitivity reaction were identified other than a trend towards decreased hypersensitivity reactions in patients with Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, Pathophysiologic (CEAP) clinical class C4–C6 (p = .06). Second limb treatment on a subsequent day was performed in 27 patients, and no hypersensitivity reactions occurred. Symptom onset time ranged from 1 to 23 days, with a mean of 13 days (confidence interval (CI) ±3.5 days). Duration of symptoms ranged from 3 to 28 days (mean 10.8 CI ±4.9 days). Conclusions Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 6.0% of patients treated with cyanoacrylate adhesive closure, but most were mild and self-limited. Severe reactions were uncommon. No predictive patient or procedural factors were found to be associated with hypersensitivity reactions other than a trend towards decreased risk in patients with advanced CEAP clinical class. Previous cyanoacrylate adhesive closure treatment was not a predictive factor for hypersensitivity reaction in patients undergoing treatment at a later date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian Ferris
- Lake Washington Vascular Surgeons, Bellevue, USA
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34
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Ahlström MG, Thyssen JP, Wennervaldt M, Menné T, Johansen JD. Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:227-241. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malin G. Ahlström
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
| | - Michael Wennervaldt
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
| | - Torkil Menné
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Elhaji Y, Sasseville D, Pratt M, Asai Y, Matheson K, McLean WHI, Hull PR. Filaggrin gene loss‐of‐function mutations constitute a factor in patients with multiple contact allergies. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 80:354-358. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Elhaji
- Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Department of MedicineDalhousie University Halifax Canada
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology and Experimental Medicine, Department of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Melanie Pratt
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada
| | - Yuka Asai
- Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineQueen's University Kingston Canada
| | - Kara Matheson
- Research Methods Unit, Department of MedicineDalhousie University Halifax Canada
| | - William H. I. McLean
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Dermatology and Genetic MedicineUniversity of Dundee Dundee UK
| | - Peter R. Hull
- Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Department of MedicineDalhousie University Halifax Canada
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Milando R, Friedman A. Cannabinoids: Potential Role in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Skin Diseases. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:167-180. [PMID: 30542832 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a complex and nearly ubiquitous network of endogenous ligands, enzymes, and receptors that can also be stimulated by exogenous compounds such as those derived from the marijuana plant, Cannabis sativa. Recent data have shown that the endocannabinoid system is fully functional in the skin and is responsible for maintaining many aspects of skin homeostasis, such as proliferation, differentiation, and release of inflammatory mediators. Because of its role in regulating these key processes, the endocannabinoid system has been studied for its modulating effects on both inflammatory disorders of the skin and skin cancer. Although legal restrictions on marijuana as a Schedule I drug in the USA have made studying cannabinoid compounds unfavorable, an increasing number of studies and clinical trials have focused on the therapeutic uses of cannabinoids. This review seeks to summarize the current, and rapidly expanding field of research on the broad potential uses of cannabinoids in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Milando
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Friedman
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 2B-430, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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Aster glehni Extract Containing Caffeoylquinic Compounds Protects Human Keratinocytes through the TRPV4-PPAR δ-AMPK Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2018:9616574. [PMID: 30622619 PMCID: PMC6304624 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9616574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aster glehni (AG) has been used in cooking and as a medicine to treat various diseases for over hundreds of years in Korea. To speculate the protective effects of AG on skin barrier, we estimated the protein levels of biomarkers related to skin barrier protection in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The protein levels for keratin, involucrin, defensin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (SPTLC2), and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) were evaluated using western blotting or immunocytochemistry in HaCaT cells. AG extract increased the protein levels of PPARδ, phosphorylated AMPK, SPTLC2, keratin, involucrin, and defensin compared to the SDS or DNCB control group. However, TNFα expression increased by SDS or DNCB was decreased with AG extract. The order of action of each regulatory biomarker in AG pathway was identified TRPV4→PPARδ→AMPK from antagonist and siRNA treatment studies. AG can ameliorate the injury of keratinocytes caused by SDS or DNCB through the sequential regulation of TRPV4→PPARδ→AMPK pathway.
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Brans R, John SM, Frosch PJ. Clinical Aspects of Irritant Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_16-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Ahlström MG, Johansen JD. Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Humans: Experimental and Quantitative Aspects. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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