1
|
Tomar Y, Baidya M, Chadokiya J, Bhatt S, Singhvi G. An overview of Skp2: a promising new therapeutic target of psoriasis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:689-700. [PMID: 39086205 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2387604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder affecting over 2-3% of the population worldwide, significantly impacting quality of life. Despite the availability of various therapeutic interventions, concerns persist regarding lesion recurrence and potential alterations in immune surveillance promoting cancer progression. Recent advancements in understanding cellular and molecular pathways have unveiled key factors in psoriasis etiology, including IL-17, 22, 23, TNF-α, PDE-4, JAK-STAT inhibitors, and AhR agonists. This work explores the potential of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) as a therapeutic target in psoriasis. AREA COVERED This review covers the current understanding of psoriasis pathophysiology, including immune dysregulation, and the role of keratinocytes and ubiquitin. It also delves into Skp2 role in cell cycle regulation, and its correlation with angiogenesis and ubiquitin in psoriasis. The evolving therapeutic approaches targeting Skp2, including small molecule inhibitors, are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Targeting Skp2 holds promise for developing novel therapeutic approaches for psoriasis. By modulating Skp2 activity or expression, it may be possible to intervene in inflammatory and proliferative processes underlying the disease. Further research into Skp2 inhibitors and their efficacy in preclinical and clinical settings is warranted to harness the full potential of Skp2 as a therapeutic target in psoriasis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Tomar
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Moushumi Baidya
- Department of Pharmacy, Milestones Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur, Tripura, India
| | - Jay Chadokiya
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Shvetank Bhatt
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saika A, Nagatake T, Kishino S, Kitamura N, Honda T, Hosomi K, Tiwari P, Node E, Kawai S, Kondo S, Ishida K, Kabashima K, Ogawa J, Kunisawa J. The omega-3 postbiotic trans-10- cis-15-octadecadienoic acid attenuates contact hypersensitivity in mice through downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1355679. [PMID: 38841110 PMCID: PMC11151274 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1355679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria metabolize dietary substances to produce bioactive postbiotics, among which some are recognized for their role in promoting host health. We here explored the postbiotic potential of two omega-3 α-linolenic acid-derived metabolites: trans-10-cis-15-octadecadienoic acid (t10,c15-18:2) and cis-9-cis-15-octadecadienoic acid (c9,c15-18:2). Dietary intake of lipids rich in omega-3 α-linolenic acid elevated levels of t10,c15-18:2 and c9,c15-18:2 in the serum and feces of mice, an effect dependent on the presence of intestinal bacteria. Notably, t10,c15-18:2 mitigated skin inflammation in mice that became hypersensitive after exposure to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, an experimental model for allergic contact dermatitis. In particular, t10,c15-18:2-but not c9,c15-18:2-attenuated ear swelling and edema, characteristic symptoms of contact hypersensitivity. The anti-inflammatory effects of t10,c15-18:2 were due to its ability to suppress the release of vascular endothelial growth factor A from keratinocytes, thereby mitigating the enhanced vascular permeability induced by hapten stimulation. Our study identified retinoid X receptor as a functional receptor that mediates the downregulation of skin inflammation upon treatment with t10,c15-18:2. Our results suggest that t10,c15-18:2 holds promise as an omega-3 fatty acid-derived postbiotic with potential therapeutic implications for alleviating the skin edema seen in allergic contact dermatitis-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Prabha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Node
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kawai
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saki Kondo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Ishida
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Liu Y, Yin N, Zhao M, Sun X, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Geniposide alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice via inhibition of angiogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111923. [PMID: 38565041 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of geniposide (GEN) on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. Firstly, visual changes of psoriatic skin lesions were observed and the severity was recorded using psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Histological changes were assessed by HE staining for epidermal thickness and Masson's staining for collagen fibers. Then, photographs of microvascular inside the skin were taken for macroscopic observation, and microscopic changes associated with angiogenesis were evaluated. Furthermore, expression of angiogenic factors were analyzed by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, separately. Lastly, the expression of VEGFR signaling-related proteins was detected by WB. Compared with control, IMQ drove a significant increment of epidermal thicknesses with higher PASI scores and more dermal collagen deposition. IMQ treatment led to abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, increased microvascular inside skin, growing production of angiogenesis-related factors, up-regulated expression of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and enhanced phosphorylation of p38. However, GEN significantly ameliorated the psoriatic skin lesions, the epidermal thickness, the formation of collagen fibers, and abnormal keratinocyte proliferation. Importantly, GEN inhibited angiogenesis, the production of angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, Ang-2, TNF-α, and IL-17A), and the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Simultaneously, GEN curbed the expression of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, p38, and P-p38 proteins involved in VEGFR signaling. Of note, the suppressive effect of GEN was reversed in the HUVECs with over-expressed VEGFR1 or VEGFR2 related to the cells without transfection. These findings suggest that VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 participate in the anti-angiogenesis of GEN in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Nina Yin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kar BR, Sathishkumar D, Tahiliani S, Parthasarathi A, Neema S, Ganguly S, Venkatachalam K, Parasramani SG, Komeravelli H, Thomas J. Biomarkers in Psoriasis: The Future of Personalised Treatment. Indian J Dermatol 2024; 69:256-263. [PMID: 39119310 PMCID: PMC11305507 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_167_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic and complex immune-mediated papulosquamous disease affecting almost 2% of the world population. The interaction between a genetically predisposed individual and environmental triggers leads to a vicious cycle involving autoreactive T cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and dermal cells. Up to 40% of the psoriasis cases develop disabling psoriatic arthritis and an equal number of patients also tend to develop metabolic syndrome as well as cardiovascular comorbidities; hence, this is no more considered to be a disease limited to skin only. Being a systemic disease, there is an urgent need to develop potential biomarkers for the assessment of disease severity, prediction of outcome of the therapeutic intervention and association with various systemic comorbidities. Diverse genetic markers not only function as predictors of diseases pathogenesis, but also help to predict development of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Personalised medicine is customising the therapeutic needs of a psoriasis patient and improving the outcome as per the hints we receive from the various biomarkers. This review deals with the list of potential biomarkers proposed to be useful in psoriasis, though there is limited data validating their routine use in clinical practice and the progress so far made in the field of precision medicine for psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R. Kar
- From the Department of DVL, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sushil Tahiliani
- Senior Consultatnt, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaykar Thomas
- Senior Consultant Dermatologist at Apollo Hospitals & KK Child Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang C, Cao X, Zhao L, Ni Z, Du H, Qu J, Zhu J, Sun H, Sun Y, Ouyang Z. Traditional Chinese Medicine Shi-Bi-Man ameliorates psoriasis via inhibiting IL-23/Th17 axis and CXCL16-mediated endothelial activation. Chin Med 2024; 19:38. [PMID: 38429819 PMCID: PMC10905932 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory genetic disease, mainly manifesting in the skin. Conventional therapies, such as glucocorticosteroids and corticosteroids, have adverse effects that limit drug use. Hence, it is imperative to identify a new therapeutic strategy that exhibits a favorable safety profile. Shi-Bi-Man (SBM) is a safe herbal supplement sourced from various natural plants, including ginseng, angelica sinensis, polygonum multiflorum, and aloe vera. PURPOSE We aimed to find a potential treatment for psoriasis and investigate the underlying mechanism through which SBM alleviates psoriatic-like skin inflammation in mice. METHODS We investigated the effects of supplementing with SBM through intragastric administration or smear administration in a murine model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. The changes in body weight and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score were recorded throughout the entire process. Additionally, we used hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the skin structure and performed single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the underlying mechanism of SBM in influencing the psoriasis-like phenotype. Immunofluorescence was conducted to verify our findings. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to investigate the impact of Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) on the expression levels of IL23 in HaCaT cells. RESULTS SBM remarkably alleviated the psoriasis-like phenotype by inhibiting IL-23/Th17 cell axis. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed a decrease in the expression of Il17 and Il23 in keratinocytes and T cells, concomitant with a reduction in the proportion of Th17 cells. Meanwhile, the activation of endothelial cells was inhibited, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Cxcl16. In vitro, the addition of TSG to HaCaT cells resulted in significant suppression of IL23 expression stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinran Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zitong Ni
- Jinling High School, 169 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Haojie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianxia Zhu
- Shenzhen Sipimo Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- School of Food and Drug, Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, 7098 Liuxian Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Zijun Ouyang
- School of Food and Drug, Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, 7098 Liuxian Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie X, Cui Q, Jiang T, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Liu J, Yao Q, Wang Y, Dang E, Wang G, Xiao L, Wang N. A critical role of the endothelial S-phase kinase-associated protein 2/phosphatase and tensin homologue axis in angiogenesis and psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:244-257. [PMID: 37850885 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disorder. Pathologically, it features abnormal epidermal proliferation, infiltrating inflammatory cells and increased angiogenesis in the dermis. Aberrant expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase and a dysregulated protein ubiquitination system are implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To examine the potential role of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an E3 ligase and oncogene, in psoriasis. METHODS Gene expression and protein levels were evaluated with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of skin samples from patients with psoriasis vulgaris and an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model, as well as from cultured endothelial cells (ECs). Protein interaction, substrate ubiquitination and degradation were examined using co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and a cycloheximide chase assay in human umbilical vein ECs. Angiogenesis was measured in vitro using human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) for BrdU incorporation, migration and tube formation. In vivo angiogenesis assays included chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane, the Matrigel plug assay and quantification of vasculature in the mouse lesions. Skp2 gene global knockout (KO) mice and endothelial-specific conditional KO mice were used. RESULTS Skp2 was increased in skin samples from patients with psoriasis and IMQ-induced mouse lesions. Immunofluorescent double staining indicated a close association of Skp2 expression with excessive vascularity in the lesional dermal papillae. In HDMECs, Skp2 overexpression was enhanced, whereas Skp2 knockdown inhibited EC proliferation, migration and tube-like structure formation. Mechanistically, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), which suppresses the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, was identified to be a novel substrate for Skp2-mediated ubiquitination. A selective inhibitor of Skp2 (C1) or Skp2 small interfering RNA significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor-triggered PTEN ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, Skp2-mediated ubiquitination depended on the phosphorylation of PTEN by glycogen synthase kinase 3β. In the mouse model, Skp2 gene deficiency alleviated IMQ-induced psoriasis. Importantly, tamoxifen-induced endothelial-specific Skp2 KO mice developed significantly ameliorated psoriasis with diminished angiogenesis of papillae. Furthermore, topical use of the Skp2 inhibitor C1 effectively prevented the experimental psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS The Skp2/PTEN axis may play an important role in psoriasis-associated angiogenesis. Thus, targeting Skp2-driven angiogenesis may be a potential approach to treating psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , China
| | - Qi Cui
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian , China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian , China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian , China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian , China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- East China Normal University Health Science Center, Shanghai , China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an , China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an , China
| | - Lei Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , China
| | - Nanping Wang
- East China Normal University Health Science Center, Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Andrade MMDL, Tejada GL, Peruzzo J, Bonamigo RR. Pustular psoriasis triggered by therapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:153-155. [PMID: 37657959 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliano Peruzzo
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng Y, Qi Y, Zhang Q, Zhang M. Sevoflurane inhibits oral squamous carcinoma progression by modulating the circ_0000857/miR-145-5p axis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14362. [PMID: 37770418 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a kind of oral malignant tumor with the highest incidence. This study investigated whether sevoflurane (SEV) inhibited OSCC cell progression by regulating circular RNA_0000857 (circ_0000857). OSCC cells were anesthetized with SEV at different concentrations. The expression of circ_0000857 and microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability was assayed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell migration and invasion were examined by the wound-healing assay and transwell. Tube formation assay detected angiogenesis. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins. Compared with the control group, SEV inhibited OSCC cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. SEV treatment significantly decreased circ_0000857 expression level, but increased miR-145-5p expression level in SCC4 and HSC3 cells. MiR-145-5p was a target of circ_0000857, and miR-145-5p inhibitor reversed the suppressing effects mediated by circ_0000857 silencing on OSCC cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. SEV inhibited the level of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) protein by regulating the circ_0000857/miR-145-5p axis. In all, SEV regulated the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of OSCC cells through the circ_0000857/miR-145-5p axis, which provided a basis for the potential role of SEV in the treatment of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Yingjun Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenyang Anorectal Hospital, Shenyang City, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chaudhary R, Prasad A, Agarwal V, Rehman M, Kumar A, Kaushik AS, Srivastava S, Srivastava S, Mishra V. Chronic stress predisposes to the aggravation of inflammation in autoimmune diseases with focus on rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111046. [PMID: 37879231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The global incidence of autoimmune diseases is on the rise, and many healthcare professionals believe that chronic stress plays a prominent role in both the aggravation and remission of these conditions. It is believed that prolonged exposure to stress is associated with neuroimmune axis malfunction, which eventually dysregulates multiple immunological factors as well as deregulates autoimmune responses that play a central role in various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Herein, we performed validation of an 8-week long rat model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) which consisted of exposing groups of rats to random stressors daily for 8 weeks. Additionally, we developed a novel rat model combining 8-week long random stressor-induced CUS with CIA-triggered arthritis and IMQ-triggered psoriasis and have successfully used both these models to assess the role of chronic stress in the aggravation of arthritis and psoriasis, respectively. Notably, the 8-week CUS protocol extensively aggravated and prolonged both arthritis and psoriasis condition in the rat model by upregulating the release of different pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysregulation of immune cell responses and oxidative stress system, which were all related to severe inflammation. Further, CUS aggravated macroscopic features and the increase in destruction of joint tissue and epidermal thickness induced by CIA and IMQ, respectively, in rats. In conclusion, this study suggests that exposure to an 8-week long CUS paradigm aggravates the distinctive characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis in rats via amplifying the inflammatory circuits and immune cell responses linked to these autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Ajay Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Mujeeba Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Arjun Singh Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Siddhi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Sukriti Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boonpethkaew S, Meephansan J, Ponnikorn S, Jumlongpim O, Juntongjin P, Chakkavittumrong P, Wongpiyabovorn J, Morita A, Komine M. Exploring the role of growth factors as potential regulators in psoriatic plaque formation. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1924-1934. [PMID: 37665186 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which growth activity is more prominent than inflammatory activity at the centre of lesional skin (CE skin). This growth activity is partly influenced by growth factors (GFs) that play an important role in cell growth and inflammation during the plaque development. In this study, we identified potential GFs in CE skin and predicted their regulatory functions and biological activity in mediating transcripts in the plaques. Samples of uninvolved skin (UN skin) and CE skin were biopsied from patients with psoriasis vulgaris for RNA-sequencing analysis in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our finding revealed that epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signalling were enriched by CE/UN skin-derived DEGs. Additionally, several EGFR ligands, namely EGF, heparin-binding EGF like growth factor (HB-EGF), amphiregulin (AREG) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, as well as TGF-β1, TGF-β2, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, FGFs, PDGF-B and HGF, were predicted to be GF regulators. The regulatory pattern and biological activity of these GF regulators on mediating the CE/UN skin-derived DEGs was demonstrated. This study provides a novel hypothesis regarding the overall regulatory function of GFs, which appear to modulate the expression of the transcripts involved in inflammation and growth in the CE skin. In addition, some GFs may exert anti-inflammatory effects. Further investigations on the mechanisms underlying this regulation may contribute to a deeper understanding of psoriasis and the identification of potential therapeutic targets for patients with psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suphagan Boonpethkaew
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Jitlada Meephansan
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saranyoo Ponnikorn
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Onjira Jumlongpim
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Premjit Juntongjin
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Panlop Chakkavittumrong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jongkonnee Wongpiyabovorn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Disease, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luengas‐Martinez A, Ismail D, Paus R, Young HS. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A downregulates angiogenesis in psoriasis: A pilot study. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023; 3:e245. [PMID: 37799359 PMCID: PMC10549813 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A-mediated angiogenesis participates in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, thus inviting the hypothesis that anti-VEGF-A therapy could be beneficial in psoriasis. While anti-angiogenic agents are used in oncology and ophthalmology, these therapeutic strategies remain unexplored for the management of psoriasis. Objective Our objective was to investigate ex vivo how VEGF-A blockade impacts blood vessels, epidermis and immune cells in organ-cultured plaque and non-lesional skin from patients with psoriasis. Methods Skin biopsies from patients with psoriasis (n = 6; plaque and non-lesional skin) and healthy controls (n = 6) were incubated with anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab, Avastin®) or a human IgG1 isotype control for 72-h in serum-free organ culture. CD31/LYVE-1, Ki-67, and mast cell tryptase expression were assessed by quantitative immunohistomorphometry. VEGF-A levels in plasma, PBMCs and skin culture supernatants were measured. Results Inhibition of VEGF-A blocked all free VEGF-A ex vivo, reduced blood vessel area and the number of blood vessel endothelial cells in plaques of psoriasis (*p < 0.05). The treatment effect correlated significantly with levels of VEGF-A in organ culture supernatants (r = 0.94; *p < 0.05) from plaque skin and with plasma levels of VEGF-A from patients with psoriasis (r = 0.943; *p = 0.017). Conclusions These ex vivo data are the first studies to objectively investigate the potential of VEGF-A inhibition as a novel adjuvant treatment strategy for psoriasis. Taken together, our data encourage further investigation by clinical trial to explore whether downregulating pathological angiogenesis has clinical utility, especially in patients with severe psoriasis or those with elevated levels of VEGF-A in plasma and/or skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luengas‐Martinez
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Dina Ismail
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Monasterium LaboratoryMuensterGermany
- CUTANEONHamburgGermany
| | - Helen S. Young
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li L, Shucheng H, Fu L, Pei B, Xu W, Jiang X. Overexpression and potential roles of midkine via regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1383-1393. [PMID: 37218430 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Midkine plays a critical role in angiogenesis by regulating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathway, which is known to be associated with psoriasis pathogenesis. However, research on midkine-psoriasis relationship remains limited. The objective of this study was to detect midkine expression in psoriasis and investigate its potential role in the disease. Midkine expression was measured using immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Effects of midkine on HaCaT cell proliferation, VEGF-A production and signalling pathways were assessed using CCK8, RT-PCR and WB. Scratch and in vitro tube formation tests were used to evaluate the effects of HaCaT-cell-activated midkine on the migration and tube formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Murine psoriasiform models were injected with midkine recombinant protein and midkine monoclonal antibody to investigate skin lesions, tissue sections and dermal microvessel density. Levels of midkine significantly increased in both lesions and serum of patients with psoriasis. Serum expression of midkine decreased after treatment and a positive correlation was found between midkine and disease severity. Midkine promoted HaCaT cell proliferation and VEGF-A production. The Notch2/HES1/JAK2-STAT5A pathway expression increased after midkine treatment of HaCaT cells. The supernatant of HaCaT cells treated with midkine promoted HMEC-1 migration and angiogenesis in vitro. Recombinant midkine protein exacerbated psoriasiform lesions with increased expressions of VEGF-A and microvessel density, while midkine monoclonal antibody alleviated psoriasis lesions. Midkine may have a significant impact on psoriasis angiogenesis by regulating VEGF-A expression through the Notch2/HES1/JAK2-STAT5A pathway, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidi Shucheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixin Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoqiang Pei
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dudley AC, Griffioen AW. Pathological angiogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:313-347. [PMID: 37060495 PMCID: PMC10105163 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential process for growth and development. Different mechanisms such as vasculogenesis, sprouting, intussusceptive, and coalescent angiogenesis, as well as vessel co-option, vasculogenic mimicry and lymphangiogenesis, underlie the formation of new vasculature. In many pathological conditions, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, arthritis, psoriasis, endometriosis, obesity and SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19), developmental angiogenic processes are recapitulated, but are often done so without the normal feedback mechanisms that regulate the ordinary spatial and temporal patterns of blood vessel formation. Thus, pathological angiogenesis presents new challenges yet new opportunities for the design of vascular-directed therapies. Here, we provide an overview of recent insights into blood vessel development and highlight novel therapeutic strategies that promote or inhibit the process of angiogenesis to stabilize, reverse, or even halt disease progression. In our review, we will also explore several additional aspects (the angiogenic switch, hypoxia, angiocrine signals, endothelial plasticity, vessel normalization, and endothelial cell anergy) that operate in parallel to canonical angiogenesis mechanisms and speculate how these processes may also be targeted with anti-angiogenic or vascular-directed therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luengas-Martinez A, Paus R, Iqbal M, Bailey L, Ray DW, Young HS. Circadian rhythms in psoriasis and the potential of chronotherapy in psoriasis management. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1800-1809. [PMID: 35851722 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The physiology and pathology of the skin are influenced by daily oscillations driven by a master clock located in the brain, and peripheral clocks in individual cells. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is circadian-rhythmic, with flares of disease and symptoms such as itch typically being worse in the evening/night-time. Patients with psoriasis have changes in circadian oscillations of blood pressure and heart rate, supporting wider circadian disruption. In addition, shift work, a circadian misalignment challenge, is associated with psoriasis. These features may be due to underlying circadian control of key effector elements known to be relevant in psoriasis such as cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. Indeed, peripheral clock pathology may lead to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the basal layers, insufficient apoptosis of differentiating keratinocytes in psoriatic epidermis, dysregulation of skin-resident and migratory immune cells and modulation of angiogenesis through circadian oscillation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in epidermal keratinocytes. Chronotherapeutic effects of topical steroids and topical vitamin D analogues have been reported, suggesting that knowledge of circadian phase may improve the efficacy, and therapeutic index of treatments for psoriasis. In this viewpoint essay, we review the current literature on circadian disruption in psoriasis. We explore the hypothesis that psoriasis is circadian-driven. We also suggest that investigation of the circadian components specific to psoriasis and that the in vitro investigation of circadian regulation of psoriasis will contribute to the development of a novel chronotherapeutic treatment strategy for personalised psoriasis management. We also propose that circadian oscillations of VEGF-A offer an opportunity to enhance the efficacy and tolerability of a novel anti-VEGF-A therapeutic approach, through the timed delivery of anti-VEGF-A drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luengas-Martinez
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Monasterium Laboratory, Muenster, Germany
- CUTANEON, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Bailey
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen S Young
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang J, Liu C, Liu S, Zhou X, Lu J, Li M, Zhu L. Inhibition of JAK1/STAT3 pathway by 2-methoxyestradiol ameliorates psoriatic features in vitro and in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175276. [PMID: 36130639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferative keratinocytes, dilated capillaries and leukocyte infiltration. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) has shown significant inhibition on proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammation. To evaluate the anti-psoriatic potential of 2-ME, psoriasis-like dermatitis was induced by topical application of imiquimod (IMQ) on the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice for seven consecutive days, followed by treatment of vehicle or 2-ME ointment from Day 4 on. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was assessed daily. On Day 8, skin histology and spleen index were assessed. The effects of 2-ME on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways of HaCaT cells stimulated by interleukin-17 (IL-17A) were detected, together with its effect on the proliferation, tube formation and VEGF receptor expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that topical 2-ME treatment significantly improved IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis and decreased the PASI scores, the activation of STAT3 in the skin (P < 0.05), and the spleen index in mice (P < 0.01). In vitro, 2-ME inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells by inducing apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest (P < 0.01). Moreover, 2-ME suppressed IL-17A-induced VEGFA (2.5 μM: P < 0.05; 5 μM: P < 0.01) and phosphorylation of STAT3 by blocking p-JAK1 in HaCaT cells and prevented tube formation (P < 0.01) and proliferation by targeting VEGF receptors 1 (VEGFR1) and 2 (VEGFR2) in HUVECs. We conclude that 2-ME alleviated psoriasis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting JAK1/STAT3 pathway and was a promising therapeutic agent for psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaofan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinghao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lubing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mechanism of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan in the Treatment of Psoriasis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7053613. [PMID: 35265149 PMCID: PMC8898804 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7053613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism of the action of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan (HLXLD) in the treatment of psoriasis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods The main active components and targets of HLXLD were collected from CMSP, and the targets related to psoriasis were collected from GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, DisGeNET, and DrugBank. Drug disease target genes were obtained by Venny tools, drug-component-target networks were constructed and analyzed, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed. AutoDockTools is used to connect the core components and the target, and PyMOL software is used to visualize the results. Results 126 active components (such as quercetin, luteolin, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinlactone, and beta-sitosterol) and 238 targets of HLXLD were screened out. 1,293 targets of psoriasis were obtained, and 123 drug-disease targets were identified. Key targets included AKT1, TNF, IL6, TP53, VEGFA, JUN, CASP3, IL1B, STAT3, PTGS2, HIF1A, EGF, MYC, EGFR, MMP9, and PPARG. Enrichment analysis showed that 735 GO analysis and 85 KEGG pathways were mainly involved in biological processes such as response to the drug, inflammatory response, gene expression, and cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as signal pathways such as cancer, TNF, HIF-1, and T cell receptor. Molecular docking showed that there was strong binding activity between the active ingredient and the target protein. Conclusions HLXLD could treat psoriasis through multicomponents, multitargets, and multipathways, which provides a new theoretical basis for further basic research and clinical application.
Collapse
|
17
|
Luengas-Martinez A, Paus R, Young HS. A novel personalised treatment approach for psoriasis: anti-VEGF-A therapy. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:782-791. [PMID: 34878645 PMCID: PMC9313866 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic plaque psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease in which genetic predisposition along with environmental factors lead to the development of the disease, which affects 2% of the UK’s population and is associated with extracutaneous morbidities and a reduced quality of life. A complex crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity, the epithelia and the vasculature maintain the inflammatory milieu in psoriasis. Despite the development of promising treatment strategies, mostly targeting the immune system, treatments fail to fulfil every patient’s goals. Vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) mediates angiogenesis and is upregulated in the plaques and plasma of patients with psoriasis. Transgenic expression of VEGF‐A in experimental models led to the development of skin lesions that share many psoriasis features. Targeting VEGF‐A in in vivo models of psoriasis‐like inflammation resulted in disease clearance. Anti‐angiogenesis treatments are widely used for cancer and eye disease and there are clinical reports of patients treated with VEGF‐A inhibitors who have experienced Psoriasis Area and Severity Index improvement. Existing psoriasis treatments downregulate VEGF‐A and angiogenesis as part of their therapeutic effect. Pharmacogenetics studies suggest the existence of different genetic signatures within patients with psoriasis that correspond with different treatment responsiveness and disease severity. There is a subset of patients with psoriasis with an increased predisposition to produce high levels of VEGF‐A, who may be most likely to benefit from anti‐VEGF‐A therapy, offering an opportunity to personalize treatment in psoriasis. Anti‐VEGF‐A therapies may offer an alternative to existing anticytokine strategies or be complementary to standard treatments for the management of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Luengas-Martinez
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H S Young
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Angiogenesis in Chronic Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112035. [PMID: 34769465 PMCID: PMC8584589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, is associated with inflammation in various pathological conditions. Well-known angiogenetic factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) have recently been added to an important angiogenic factor. Accumulating evidence indicates associations between angiogenesis and chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Angiogenesis is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. VEGF, angiopoietins, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-8, and interleukin-17 are unregulated in psoriasis and induce angiogenesis. Angiogenesis may be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, and in particular, mast cells are a major source of VEGF expression. Angiogenesis is an essential process in rosacea, which is induced by LL-37 from a signal cascade by microorganisms, VEGF, and MMP-3 from mast cells. In addition, angiogenesis by increased VEGF has been reported in chronic urticaria and hidradenitis suppurativa. The finding that VEGF is expressed in inflammatory skin lesions indicates that inhibition of angiogenesis is a useful strategy for treatment of chronic, inflammatory skin disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Neema S, Sandhu S, Gupta A, Jagadeesan S, Vasudevan B. Unconventional treatment options in psoriasis: A review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 88:137-143. [PMID: 34623042 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_22_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common skin disease that affects 1-3% of the general population. The treatment depends on body surface area involved, quality of life impairment and associated comorbidities. The treatment options include topical therapy, phototherapy, conventional systemic therapy (methotrexate, cyclosporine and acitretin), biologics and oral small molecules (apremilast and tofacitinib). Despite the availability of newer therapies such as biologics and oral small molecules, many a time, there is a paucity of treatment options due to the chronic nature of the disease, end-organ toxicity of the conventional drugs or high cost of newer drugs. In these scenarios, unconventional treatment options may be utilized as stand-alone or adjuvant therapy. In this review, we have discussed these uncommonly used treatment options in the management of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Neema
- Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunmeet Sandhu
- Department of Dermatology, Command Hospital Air Force, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankan Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumya Jagadeesan
- Department of Dermatology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Biju Vasudevan
- Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Orsmond A, Bereza-Malcolm L, Lynch T, March L, Xue M. Skin Barrier Dysregulation in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10841. [PMID: 34639182 PMCID: PMC8509518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin barrier is broadly composed of two elements-a physical barrier mostly localised in the epidermis, and an immune barrier localised in both the dermis and epidermis. These two systems interact cooperatively to maintain skin homeostasis and overall human health. However, if dysregulated, several skin diseases may arise. Psoriasis is one of the most prevalent skin diseases associated with disrupted barrier function. It is characterised by the formation of psoriatic lesions, the aberrant differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes, and excessive inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in disease pathogenesis, including the contribution of keratinocytes, immune cells, genetic and environmental factors, and how they advance current and future treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Orsmond
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.O.); (L.B.-M.)
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Lara Bereza-Malcolm
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.O.); (L.B.-M.)
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Tom Lynch
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Lyn March
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Meilang Xue
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.O.); (L.B.-M.)
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Suzuki T, Ito T, Gilhar A, Tokura Y, Reich K, Paus R. The hair follicle-psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:266-279. [PMID: 34587317 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that there is a special affinity of psoriasis for the scalp: Here, it occurs most frequently, lesions terminate sharply in frontal skin beyond the hair line and are difficult to treat. Yet, surprisingly, scalp psoriasis only rarely causes alopecia, even though the pilosebaceous unit clearly is affected. Here, we systematically explore the peculiar, insufficiently investigated connection between psoriasis and growing (anagen) terminal scalp hair follicles (HFs), with emphasis on shared regulatory mechanism and therapeutic targets. Interestingly, several drugs and stressors that can trigger/aggravate psoriasis can inhibit hair growth (e.g. beta-blockers, chloroquine, carbamazepine, interferon-alpha, perceived stress). Instead, several anti-psoriatic agents can stimulate hair growth (e.g. cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, dithranol, UV irradiation), while skin/HF trauma (Köbner phenomenon/depilation) favours the development of psoriatic lesions and induces anagen in "quiescent" (telogen) HFs. On this basis, we propose two interconnected working models: (a) the existence of a bidirectional "hair follicle-psoriasis axis," along which keratinocytes of anagen scalp HFs secrete signals that favour the development and maintenance of psoriatic scalp lesions and respond to signals from these lesions, and (b) that anagen induction and psoriatic lesions share molecular "switch-on" mechanisms, which invite pharmacological targeting, once identified. Therefore, we advocate a novel, cross-fertilizing and integrative approach to psoriasis and hair research that systematically characterizes the "HF-psoriasis axis," focused on identification and therapeutic targeting of selected, shared signalling pathways in the future management of both, psoriasis and hair growth disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Taisuke Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Allergic Disease Research Center, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan
| | - Kristian Reich
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Center, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Böhm M. In search of the needle in a haystack: Finding a suitable serum biomarker for monitoring disease activity of systemic sclerosis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:880-886. [PMID: 34121239 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang LJ. Recent progress at the psoriasis and atopic dermatitis research front: An experimental dermatology perspective. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:756-764. [PMID: 34057758 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Long F, Zhang Z, He F, Tu J, Yin Z, Xia J, Lu Y, Yin Z. Dermoscopic features of nail psoriasis: Positive correlation with the severity of psoriasis. J Dermatol 2021; 48:894-901. [PMID: 33894071 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dermoscopy is an efficient and non-invasive technique which has been widely used in the diagnosis of nail disorders including nail psoriasis (NP). Many nail dermoscopic features are considered as clues to NP. The aim of this study was to investigate specific dermoscopic features of fingernail psoriasis and the correlation between the severity of nail lesions or systemic inflammation, and psoriasis severity of skin and nail. This observational study recruited 135 patients with fingernail psoriasis (1186 fingernails) and 30 patients with onychomycosis (80 fingernails). All of the involved fingernails were examined with a handheld dermatoscope. The Nail Psoriasis Severity Index score (NAPSI) score, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, body surface area (BSA), and detailed history of patients with psoriasis were recorded. Mann-Whitney U-test, χ2 -test, Spearman's correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis H-test were used for statistical analysis, and the significance threshold was p < 0.05. The trial registration number was 2020-SR-045. We identified onycholysis as the most common feature (93.3%) of fingernail psoriasis. Red lunula, longitudinal fissures, transverse grooves, nail plate crumbling, trachyonychia, oil-dropping sign, erythematous border of an onycholytic area, subungual hyperkeratosis, and dilated streaky capillaries were relevant to NP severity (p < 0.05). Red lunula, transverse grooves, nail plate crumbling, trachyonychia, oil-dropping sign, erythematous border of an onycholytic area, splinter hemorrhages, and dilated streaky capillaries were relevant to systemic inflammation severity (p < 0.05). The total NAPSI score was positively associated with the PASI score and BSA (p < 0.0001). The thumb had a higher NAPSI score than the other fingers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dermoscopic features can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of nail psoriasis, and have correlations with psoriasis severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- FangYuan Long
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZhiQin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Tu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Yin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - JiPing Xia
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZhiQiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Hou H, Zhou L, Wang J, Liang J, Li J, Hou R, Niu X, Yin G, Li X, Zhang K. Increased angiogenesis and migration of dermal microvascular endothelial cells from patients with psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:973-981. [PMID: 33751661 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis displays both increased angiogenesis and microvascular dilation in the skin, while human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) are involved in angiogenesis and microvascular dilation. Whether the functions of HDMECs are altered in psoriatic skin versus healthy skin remain unknown. Here, we isolated HDMECs from the skin of 10 patients with psoriasis and 10 healthy subjects and compared angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and cell metabolism between psoriatic HDMECs and normal HDMECs. We found that the morphology of primary HDMECs was comparable between psoriatic HDMECs and normal HDMECs. After passage, psoriatic HDMECs displayed larger cell size and wider intercellular space. In addition to DiI-Ac-LDL (DiI-labelled acetylated low-density lipoprotein) uptake, expression levels of CD31, vWF (von Willebrand factor) and LYVE-1 were comparable in psoriatic HDMECs versus normal HDMECs. However, psoriatic HDMECs exhibited increased tube formation (numbers of nodes and meshes, p < 0.05) and migration (numbers of migrated cells, p < 0.001) and reductions in proliferation (growth rates, p < 0.05) and energy metabolism (oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate, p < 0.05) compared with normal HDMECs. Therefore, psoriatic HDMECs display an increased angiogenesis and migration and decreased proliferation and metabolic activity, suggesting a pathogenic role of HDMECs in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiannan Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuping Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guohua Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|