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Sheng C, Guo Y, Ma J, Hong EK, Zhang B, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhang D. Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Sea Buckthorn Sterol against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072224. [PMID: 35408620 PMCID: PMC9000363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the efficacy and protection mechanisms of sea buckthorn sterol (SBS) against acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups and fed with saline (Group BG), 50% CCl4 (Group MG), or bifendate 200 mg/kg (Group DDB), or treated with low-dose (Group LD), medium-dose (Group MD), or high-dose (Group HD) SBS. This study, for the first time, observed the protection of SBS against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Investigation of enzyme activities showed that SBS-fed rats exhibited a significant alleviation of inflammatory lesions, as evidenced by the decrease in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT). In addition, compared to the MG group, the increased indices (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and total protein (TP)) of lipid peroxidation and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues of SBS-treated groups showed the anti-lipid peroxidation effects of SBS. Using the wide range of targeted technologies and a combination of means (UPLC-MS/MS detection platform, self-built database, and multivariate statistical analysis), the addition of SBS was found to restore the expression of metabolic pathways (e.g., L-malic acid, N-acetyl-aspartic acid, N-acetyl-l-alanine, etc.) in rats, which means that the metabolic damage induced by CCl4 was alleviated. Furthermore, transcriptomics was employed to analyze and compare gene expression levels of different groups. It showed that the expressions of genes (Cyp1a1, Noct, and TUBB6) related to liver injury were regulated by SBS. In conclusion, SBS exhibited protective effects against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. The liver protection mechanism of SBS is probably related to the regulation of metabolic disorders, anti-lipid peroxidation, and inhibition of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Sheng
- College of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yang Guo
- College of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Hong
- Medvill Co., Ltd., Medvill Research Institute, Seoul 100744, Korea;
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yongjing Yang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Dejun Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.M.); (B.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Parkin-mediated mitochondrial quality control protects against aluminum-induced liver damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112485. [PMID: 34375723 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is known to be hepatotoxic. Oxidative stress is the main mechanism of liver injury caused by Al, and can also lead to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial damage is a prerequisite for mitochondrial quality control (MQC) dysregulation. Parkin can activate MQC and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the role of Parkin-mediated MQC in Al-induced liver damage has not been elucidated. In this study, forty male wild type (WT) C57BL/6N mice were treated with 0, 44.825, 89.65 or 179.3 mg/kg body weight AlCl3 in drinking water for 90 days, respectively. We found that Al induced mitophagy and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis. Then, twenty male WT C57BL/6N mice and twenty male Parkin knockout (Parkin-/-) C57BL/6N mice were divided into four groups and treated with 0, 89.65, 0, 89.65 mg/kg body weight AlCl3 in drinking water for 90 days, respectively. We found that Parkin-/- inhibited mitophagy and further disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis. These results indicated that Parkin-mediated MQC could be disrupted by Al and protected against Al-induced liver damage.
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Giménez-Bastida JA, González-Sarrías A, Laparra-Llopis JM, Schneider C, Espín JC. Targeting Mammalian 5-Lipoxygenase by Dietary Phenolics as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7937. [PMID: 34360703 PMCID: PMC8348464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) plays a key role in inflammation through the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and other lipid mediators. Current evidence suggests that dietary (poly)phenols exert a beneficial impact on human health through anti-inflammatory activities. Their mechanisms of action have mostly been associated with the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), prostaglandins (PGE2), and the interaction with NF-κB and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathways. Much less is known about the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway as a target of dietary (poly)phenols. This systematic review aimed to summarize how dietary (poly)phenols target the 5-LOX pathway in preclinical and human studies. The number of studies identified is low (5, 24, and 127 human, animal, and cellular studies, respectively) compared to the thousands of studies focusing on the COX-2 pathway. Some (poly)phenolics such as caffeic acid, hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, curcumin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), and quercetin have been reported to reduce the formation of 5-LOX eicosanoids in vitro. However, the in vivo evidence is inconclusive because of the low number of studies and the difficulty of attributing effects to (poly)phenols. Therefore, increasing the number of studies targeting the 5-LOX pathway would largely expand our knowledge on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of (poly)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Moisés Laparra-Llopis
- Group of Molecular Immunonutrition in Cancer, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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Guo Y, Cui Q, Ren S, Hao D, Morikawa T, Wang D, Liu X, Pan Y. The hepatoprotective efficacy and biological mechanisms of three phenylethanoid glycosides from cistanches herba and their metabolites based on intestinal bacteria and network pharmacology. J Nat Med 2021; 75:784-797. [PMID: 34003414 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH), acteoside (ACT), and isoacteoside (ISAT), the typical phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) in cistanches herba, have various pharmacological activities. However, the ECH, ACT and ISAT have extremely low oral bioavailability, which is related to their metabolism under the intestinal flora. Previous studies showed that intestinal metabolites were the hepatoprotective substances in vivo, but the research on whether PhGs has effects without intestinal bacteria has not been studied. In this paper, ECH, ACT and ISAT were incubated with human or rat intestinal bacteria for 36 h. After incubating with human bacteria for 36 h, three prototype compounds were not detected and were mainly biotransformed to 3-HPP and HT. In the network pharmacology, a total of 6 common targets were obtained by analysing the prototypes, the metabolites and the liver injury. It was found that the combinations of three metabolites and common targets were more stable than those of the prototypes and common targets by molecular docking. Meanwhile, hepatocellular apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation and oxidative responses might play important roles in the mechanisms of the metabolites exerting hepatoprotective activities. Then normal and pseudo-sterile mice experiments were adopted to further compare the hepatoprotective activities of prototypes and metabolites. Animal experiment results showed that the prototypes and the metabolites in the normal mice had significantly hepatoprotective activity. Interestingly, in the pseudo-germfree mice, the metabolites showed significant hepatoprotective effect, but the prototypes had not effect. It indicated that the prototype cannot exert liver protective activity without the effect of intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingling Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Shumeng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Deguo Hao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Joint Research Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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Irshad N, Khan AU, Shah FA, Nadeem H, Ashraf Z, Tipu MK, Li S. Antihyperlipidemic effect of selected pyrimidine derivatives mediated through multiple pathways. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:1119-1132. [PMID: 33872413 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is worth-mentioning risk factor in quickly expanding atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. This study attempted to determine effectiveness of selected pyrimidine derivatives: 5-(3-Hydroxybenzylidene)-2, 4, 6(1H, 3H, 5H)-pyrimidinetrione (SR-5), 5-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)-2, 4, 6(1H, 3H, 5H)-pyrimidinetrione (SR-8), 5-(3-Chlorobenzylidene)-2, 4, 6(1H, 3H, 5H)-pyrimidinetrione (SR-9), and 5-(4-Chlorobenzylidene)-2, 4, 6(1H, 3H, 5H)-pyrimidinetrione (SR-10) against hyperlipidemia. In silico results revealed that SR-5, SR-8, SR-9, and SR-10 exhibited high affinity with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) possessing binding energy values of -8.2, -8.4, -8.6, and -9.5 Kcal/mol, respectively, and moderate (<-8 Kcal/mol) against other selected targets. In vivo findings showed that test drugs (25 and 50 mg/Kg) significantly decreased HFD rat total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, coronary risk index, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and bilirubin and increased high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 vs HFD group). In animal liver tissues, SR-5, SR-8, SR-9, and SR-10 inhibited HMGCoA reductase enzyme, enhanced glutathione-s-transferase, reduced glutathione, catalase levels, improved cellular architecture in histopathological examination, and decreased expression of inflammatory markers: cyclo-oxygenase 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and phosphorylated-nuclear factor kappa B, evidenced in immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay molecular investigations. This study indicates that SR-5, SR-8, SR-9, and SR-10 exhibit antihyperlipidemic action, mediated possibly through HMGCoA inhibition, hepatoprotection, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Irshad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Tipu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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3-B-RUT, a derivative of RUT, protected against alcohol-induced liver injury by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107471. [PMID: 33756231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for alcohol-induced liver injury (ALI). Inflammatory response and oxidative stress play a crucial role in ALI. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) can be induced by inflammation and it has been reported that the enhanced expression of COX-2 in alcoholic liver injury. Rutaecarpine (RUT) was extracted from evodia rutaecarpa. RUT has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In order to increase its anti-inflammatory activity, our group introduced sulfonyl group to synthesized the 3-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulfonamide]-rutaecarpine (3-B-RUT). In this study, we explored the protective effect of 3-B-RUT on alcoholic liver injury in vivo and in vitro and preliminarily explore its mechanism. Mice ALI model was established according to the chronic-plus-binge ethanol model. Results showed that 3-B-RUT (20 μg/kg) attenuated alcohol-induced liver injury and suppressed liver inflammation and oxidative stress, and the effect was comparable to RUT (20 mg/kg). In vitro results are consistent with in vivo results. Mechanistically, the 3-B-RUT might suppress inflammatory response and oxidative stress by regulating activation of NF-κB/COX-2 pathway. In summary, 3-B-RUT, a derivative of RUT, may be a promising clinical candidate for ALI treatment.
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A New Insight into Meloxicam: Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycating Activity in In Vitro Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090240. [PMID: 32927809 PMCID: PMC7558080 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has a preferential inhibitory effect to cyclooxyganase-2 (COX-2). Although the drug inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, the exact mechanism of meloxicam is still unknown. This is the first study to assess the effect of meloxicam on protein glyco-oxidation as well as antioxidant activity. For this purpose, we used an in vitro model of oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glucose, fructose, ribose, glyoxal and methylglyoxal were used as glycating agents, while chloramine T was used as an oxidant. We evaluated the antioxidant properties of albumin (2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power), the intensity of protein glycation (Amadori products, advanced glycation end products) and glyco-oxidation (dityrosine, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, tryptophan and amyloid-β) as well as the content of protein oxidation products (advanced oxidation protein products, carbonyl groups and thiol groups). We have demonstrated that meloxicam enhances the antioxidant properties of albumin and prevents the protein oxidation and glycation under the influence of various factors such as sugars, aldehydes and oxidants. Importantly, the antioxidant and anti-glycating activity is similar to that of routinely used antioxidants such as captopril, Trolox, reduced glutathione and lipoic acid as well as protein glycation inhibitors (aminoguanidine). Pleiotropic action of meloxicam may increase the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment in diseases with oxidative stress etiology.
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