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Hedges CP, Shetty B, Broome SC, MacRae C, Koutsifeli P, Buckels EJ, MacIndoe C, Boix J, Tsiloulis T, Matthews BG, Sinha S, Arendse M, Jaiswal JK, Mellor KM, Hickey AJR, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. Dietary supplementation of clinically utilized PI3K p110α inhibitor extends the lifespan of male and female mice. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:162-172. [PMID: 37118113 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Diminished insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling extends the lifespan of invertebrates1-4; however, whether it is a feasible longevity target in mammals is less clear5-12. Clinically utilized therapeutics that target this pathway, such as small-molecule inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α (PI3Ki), provide a translatable approach to studying the impact of these pathways on aging. Here, we provide evidence that dietary supplementation with the PI3Ki alpelisib from middle age extends the median and maximal lifespan of mice, an effect that was more pronounced in females. While long-term PI3Ki treatment was well tolerated and led to greater strength and balance, negative impacts on common human aging markers, including reductions in bone mass and mild hyperglycemia, were also evident. These results suggest that while pharmacological suppression of insulin receptor (IR)/insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) targets could represent a promising approach to delaying some aspects of aging, caution should be taken in translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B Shetty
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S C Broome
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C MacRae
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Koutsifeli
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E J Buckels
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C MacIndoe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Boix
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Tsiloulis
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B G Matthews
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - M Arendse
- Department of Pathology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J K Jaiswal
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K M Mellor
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A J R Hickey
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P R Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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2
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Prolonged treatment with a PI3K p110α inhibitor causes sex- and tissue-dependent changes in antioxidant content, but does not affect mitochondrial function. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226564. [PMID: 33006363 PMCID: PMC7569204 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic inhibition of the p110α isoform of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) can increase murine lifespan, enhance mitochondrial function and alter tissue-specific oxidative balance. Here, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of the p110α isoform of PI3K induces similar enhancement of mitochondrial function in middle-aged mice. Eight-month-old male and female mice were fed a diet containing 0.3 g/kg of the p110α-selective inhibitor BYL-719 (BYL) or a vehicle diet (VEH) for 6 weeks. Mice consuming BYL-719 had higher blood glucose and insulin, and tended towards decreased body weight. After 72 h, gene expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis mediators Pgc1α, Tfam and Nrf1 was greater in liver of BYL-719 males only, but unchanged in skeletal muscle of either sex. Six weeks of BYL-719 treatment did not affect mitochondrial content or function in the liver or skeletal muscle of either sex. In livers of males only, the expression of the antioxidant genes Nfe2l2, Cat, Sod1 and Sod2 increased within 72 h of BYL-719 treatment, and remained higher after 6 weeks. This was associated with an increase in hepatic GSH content and catalase protein expression, and lower H2O2 levels. Our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of p110α in adult mice does not affect liver or skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, but does show sex- and tissue-specific effects on up-regulation of antioxidant response.
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Hedges CP, Boix J, Jaiswal JK, Shetty B, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. Efficacy of Providing the PI3K p110α Inhibitor BYL719 (Alpelisib) to Middle-Aged Mice in Their Diet. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020150. [PMID: 33503847 PMCID: PMC7911305 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BYL719 (alpelisib) is a small molecule inhibitor of PI3K p110α developed for cancer therapy. Targeted suppression of PI3K has led to lifespan extension in rodents and model organisms. If PI3K inhibitors are to be considered as an aging therapeutic, it is important to understand the potential consequences of long-term exposure, and the most practical way to achieve this is through diet administration. Here, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of BYL719 delivered in diet and the efficacy of BYL719 to suppress insulin signaling when administered in the diet of 8-month-old male and female mice. Compared to oral gavage, diet incorporation resulted in a lower peak plasma BYL719 (3.6 vs. 9.2 μM) concentration but similar half-life (~1.5 h). Consuming BYL719 resulted in decreased insulin signaling in liver and muscle within 72 h, and mice still showed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following 6 weeks of access to a diet containing 0.3 g/kg BYL719. However, consuming BYL719 did not affect food intake, body mass, muscle function (rotarod and hang time performance) or cognitive behaviors. This provides evidence that BYL719 has long-term efficacy without major toxicity or side effects, and suggests that administering BYL719 in diet is suitable for studying the effect of pharmacological suppression of PI3K p110α on aging and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Jordi Boix
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Jagdish K. Jaiswal
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Bhoopika Shetty
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Peter R. Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-923-6372
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4
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Buchanan CM, Lee KL, Shepherd PR. For Better or Worse: The Potential for Dose Limiting the On-Target Toxicity of PI 3-Kinase Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090402. [PMID: 31443495 PMCID: PMC6770514 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyper-activation of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase signaling pathway is a hallmark of many cancers and overgrowth syndromes, and as a result, there has been intense interest in the development of drugs that target the various isoforms of PI 3-kinase. Given the key role PI 3-kinases play in many normal cell functions, there is significant potential for the disruption of essential cellular functions by PI 3-kinase inhibitors in normal tissues; so-called on-target drug toxicity. It is, therefore, no surprise that progress within the clinical development of PI 3-kinase inhibitors as single-agent anti-cancer therapies has been slowed by the difficulty of identifying a therapeutic window. The aim of this review is to place the cellular, tissue and whole-body effects of PI 3-kinase inhibition in the context of understanding the potential for dose limiting on-target toxicities and to introduce possible strategies to overcome these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Buchanan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kate L Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Gross C, Banerjee A, Tiwari D, Longo F, White AR, Allen AG, Schroeder-Carter LM, Krzeski JC, Elsayed NA, Puckett R, Klann E, Rivero RA, Gourley SL, Bassell GJ. Isoform-selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition ameliorates a broad range of fragile X syndrome-associated deficits in a mouse model. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:324-333. [PMID: 30061744 PMCID: PMC6300538 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are shared characteristics in several brain disorders, including the inherited intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, fragile X syndrome (FXS). PI3K signaling therefore could serve as a therapeutic target for FXS and other brain disorders. However, broad inhibition of such a central signal transduction pathway involved in essential cellular functions may produce deleterious side effects. Pharmacological strategies that selectively correct the overactive components of the PI3K pathway while leaving other parts of the pathway intact may overcome these challenges. Here, we provide the first evidence that disease mechanism-based PI3K isoform-specific inhibition may be a viable treatment option for FXS. FXS is caused by loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which translationally represses specific messenger RNAs, including the PI3K catalytic isoform p110β. FMRP deficiency increases p110β protein levels and activity in FXS mouse models and in cells from subjects with FXS. Here, we show that a novel, brain-permeable p110β-specific inhibitor, GSK2702926A, ameliorates FXS-associated phenotypes on molecular, cellular, behavioral, and cognitive levels in two different FMRP-deficient mouse models. Rescued phenotypes included increased PI3K downstream signaling, protein synthesis rates, and dendritic spine density, as well as impaired social interaction and higher-order cognition. Several p110β-selective inhibitors, for example, a molecule from the same chemotype as GSK2702926A, are currently being evaluated in clinical trials to treat cancer. Our results suggest that repurposing p110β inhibitors to treat cognitive and behavioral defects may be a promising disease-modifying strategy for FXS and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Francesco Longo
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Angela R. White
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - A. G. Allen
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Lindsay M. Schroeder-Carter
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Joseph C. Krzeski
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Nada A. Elsayed
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Rosemary Puckett
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Eric Klann
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Ralph A. Rivero
- 0000 0004 0393 4335grid.418019.5GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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6
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Hsu WB, Hsu WH, Hung JS, Shen WJ, Hsu RWW. Transcriptome analysis of osteoblasts in an ovariectomized mouse model in response to physical exercise. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:601-608. [PMID: 30581558 PMCID: PMC6269594 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.bjr-2018-0075.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease resulting in progressive loss of bone mass as measured by bone mineral density (BMD). Physical exercise has a positive effect on increasing or maintaining BMD in postmenopausal women. The contribution of exercise to the regulation of osteogenesis in osteoblasts remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effect of exercise on osteoblasts in ovariectomized mice. Methods We compared the activity of differentially expressed genes of osteoblasts in ovariectomized mice that undertook exercise (OVX+T) with those that did not (OVX), using microarray and bioinformatics. Results Many inflammatory pathways were significantly downregulated in the osteoblasts after exercise. Meanwhile, IBSP and SLc13A5 gene expressions were upregulated in the OVX+T group. Furthermore, in in vitro assay, IBSP and SLc13A5 mRNAs were also upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and 7F2 cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that exercise may not only reduce the inflammatory environment in ovariectomized mice, indirectly suppressing the overactivated osteoclasts, but may also directly activate osteogenesis-related genes in osteoblasts. Exercise may thus prevent the bone loss caused by oestrogen deficiency through mediating the imbalance between the bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts and the bone formation activity of osteoblasts. Cite this article: W-B. Hsu, W-H. Hsu, J-S. Hung, W-J. Shen, R. W-W. Hsu. Transcriptome analysis of osteoblasts in an ovariectomized mouse model in response to physical exercise. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:601–608. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.BJR-2018-0075.R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-B Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan
| | - W-H Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan
| | - J-S Hung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan
| | - W-J Shen
- Po Cheng Orthopedic Institute, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - R W-W Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan
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Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang Y, Tan X, Zhao W, Xing X, Qiu Y, Wang R, Jin M, Fan G, Zhang P, Zhong Y, Kong D. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase β and δ isoforms play key roles in metastasis of prostate cancer DU145 cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:5967-5975. [PMID: 29792732 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800183r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of the lethality of prostate cancer. Class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks), which contain 4 isoforms, α, β, δ, and γ, are known to play important roles in cell growth, migration, invasion, and so on. However, the respective role of each PI3K isoform in cancer cell migration and invasion remains unknown. In a study that aimed to elucidate the respective role of the 4 PI3K isoforms, we investigated the change in migratory and invasive ability of DU145 cells after treatment with each PI3K isoform-specific inhibitor. Both migration and invasion of DU145 cells were potently blocked by each of the PI3Kβ inhibitors (GSK2636771 and TGX221) and PI3Kδ inhibitors (CAL101 and IC87114) while not obviously affected by PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719 or PI3Kγ inhibitor AS252424. Furthermore, knocking down PI3Kβ or PI3Kδ isoform led to a significant decrease in migration of DU145. The results suggest that PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ play key roles in prostate cancer cell migration, while PI3Kα and PI3Kγ might be redundant. Oral administration of GSK2636771 (100 mg/kg) and CAL101 (30 mg/kg) inhibited tumor growth in bone, an experimental model by intratibia injection of DU145 cells, with improved bone structure and bone mineral density analyzed by micro-computed tomography. Tissue staining indicated reduction of metastatic DU145 cells and osteoclasts in the bones of GSK2636771- and CAL101-treated mice compared to the untreated group. In summary, our results indicated the distinct roles of 4 PI3K isoforms in the migration of prostate cancer DU145 cells, and they demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo antimetastatic effect of PI3K-isoform specific inhibitors, most of which are in clinical trials.-Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Tan, X., Zhao, W., Xing, X., Qiu, Y., Wang, R., Jin, M., Fan, G., Zhang, P., Zhong, Y., Kong, D. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase β and δ isoforms play key roles in metastasis of prostate cancer DU145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wennan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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8
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Lopez-Guadamillas E, Muñoz-Martin M, Martinez S, Pastor J, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Serrano M. PI3Kα inhibition reduces obesity in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2747-2753. [PMID: 27816049 PMCID: PMC5191867 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Partial inhibition of PI3K is one of the best-validated and evolutionary conserved manipulations to extend longevity. The best known health beneficial effects of reduced PI3K are related to metabolism and include increased energy expenditure, reduced nutrient storage, and protection from obesity. We have previously shown that a dual chemical inhibitor of the alpha and delta PI3K isoforms (CNIO-PI3Ki) reduces obesity in mice and monkeys, without evident toxic effects after long-term treatment. Here, we dissect the role of the alpha and delta PI3K isoforms by making use of selective inhibitors against PI3Kɑ (BYL-719 also known as alpelisib) or PI3Kδ (GS-9820 also known as acalisib). Treatment of mice with the above mentioned inhibitors indicated that BYL-719 increases energy expenditure in normal mice and efficiently reduces body weight in obese (ob/ob) mice, whereas these effects were not observed with GS-9820. Of note, the dose of BYL-719 required to reduce obesity was 10-times higher than the equivalent dose of CNIO-PI3Ki, which could suggest that simultaneous inhibition of PI3K alpha and delta is more beneficial than single inhibition of the alpha isoform. In summary, we conclude that inhibition of PI3Kɑ is sufficient to increase energy expenditure and reduce obesity, and suggest that concomitant PI3Kδ inhibition could play an auxiliary role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lopez-Guadamillas
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Maribel Muñoz-Martin
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Sonia Martinez
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Joaquin Pastor
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA) in Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
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9
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Netland IA, Førde HE, Sleire L, Leiss L, Rahman MA, Skeie BS, Gjerde CH, Enger PØ, Goplen D. Dactolisib (NVP-BEZ235) toxicity in murine brain tumour models. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:657. [PMID: 27542970 PMCID: PMC4992256 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly malignant brain tumours with a poor prognosis, and current cytotoxic regimens provide only a limited survival benefit. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been an attractive target for therapy due to its high activation in GBMs as well as other cancers. The dual pan-PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor dactolisib (NVP-BEZ235) is an anti-neoplastic compound currently under investigation. However, little is known about its efficacy in human GBMs. We aimed at evaluating the efficacy of dactolisib in human glioblastoma cells, as well as in murine models carrying human GBM xenografts. Methods To assess the effect of dactolisib in vitro, MTS assay, manual cell count, BrdU incorporation and Annexin V staining experiments were used to observe growth and apoptosis. Furthermore, Akt phosphorylation (S473), a downstream target of PI3K, was explored by western blotting. Animal studies utilizing orthotopic xenograft models of glioblastoma were performed in nude rats and NOD/SCID mice to monitor survival benefit or inhibition of tumor growth. Results We found that dactolisib in vitro shows excellent dose dependent anti-growth properties and increase in apoptosis. Moreover, dose dependent inhibition of Akt phosphorylation (S473), a downstream effect of PI3K, was observed by western blotting. However, in two independent animal studies utilizing nude rats and NOD/SCID mice in orthotopic xenograft models of glioblastoma, we observed no survival benefit or inhibition of tumour growth. Severe side effects were observed, such as elevated levels of blood glucose and the liver enzyme alanine transaminase (ALT), in addition to diarrhoea, hair loss (alopecia), skin rash and accumulation of saliva in the oral cavity. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that despite the anti-neoplastic efficacy of dactolisib in glioma treatment in vitro, its utility in vivo is questionable due to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Netland
- Oncomatrix research lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - H E Førde
- Oncomatrix research lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Sleire
- Oncomatrix research lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Leiss
- Oncomatrix research lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.,Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 71, 5053, Bergen, Norway
| | - M A Rahman
- Oncomatrix research lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - B S Skeie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, K1, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - C H Gjerde
- Oncomatrix research lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - P Ø Enger
- Oncomatrix research lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 1, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - D Goplen
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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10
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Gámez B, Rodríguez-Carballo E, Graupera M, Rosa JL, Ventura F. Class I PI-3-Kinase Signaling Is Critical for Bone Formation Through Regulation of SMAD1 Activity in Osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1617-30. [PMID: 26896753 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone formation and homeostasis is carried out by osteoblasts, whose differentiation and activity are regulated by osteogenic signaling networks. A central mediator of these inputs is the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). However, at present, there are no data on the specific role of distinct class IA PI3K isoforms in bone biology. Here, we performed osteoblast-specific deletion in mice to show that both p110α and p110β isoforms are required for survival and differentiation and function of osteoblasts and thereby control bone formation and postnatal homeostasis. Impaired osteogenesis arises from increased GSK3 activity and a depletion of SMAD1 protein levels in PI3K-deficient osteoblasts. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 activity or ectopic expression of SMAD1 or SMAD5 normalizes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) transduction and osteoblast differentiation. Together, these results identify the PI3K-GSK3-SMAD1 axis as a central node integrating multiple signaling networks that govern bone formation and homeostasis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gámez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgardo Rodríguez-Carballo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Ang JE, Pandher R, Ang JC, Asad YJ, Henley AT, Valenti M, Box G, de Haven Brandon A, Baird RD, Friedman L, Derynck M, Vanhaesebroeck B, Eccles SA, Kaye SB, Workman P, de Bono JS, Raynaud FI. Plasma Metabolomic Changes following PI3K Inhibition as Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers: Preclinical Discovery to Phase I Trial Evaluation. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1412-24. [PMID: 27048952 PMCID: PMC5321508 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PI3K plays a key role in cellular metabolism and cancer. Using a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform, we discovered that plasma concentrations of 26 metabolites, including amino acids, acylcarnitines, and phosphatidylcholines, were decreased in mice bearing PTEN-deficient tumors compared with non-tumor-bearing controls and in addition were increased following dosing with class I PI3K inhibitor pictilisib (GDC-0941). These candidate metabolomics biomarkers were evaluated in a phase I dose-escalation clinical trial of pictilisib. Time- and dose-dependent effects were observed in patients for 22 plasma metabolites. The changes exceeded baseline variability, resolved after drug washout, and were recapitulated on continuous dosing. Our study provides a link between modulation of the PI3K pathway and changes in the plasma metabolome and demonstrates that plasma metabolomics is a feasible and promising strategy for biomarker evaluation. Also, our findings provide additional support for an association between insulin resistance, branched-chain amino acids, and related metabolites following PI3K inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1412-24. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Ern Ang
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Rupinder Pandher
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joo Chew Ang
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yasmin J Asad
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan T Henley
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Valenti
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Box
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis de Haven Brandon
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stan B Kaye
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Florence I Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom.
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12
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Bakker AD, Gakes T, Hogervorst JMA, de Wit GMJ, Klein-Nulend J, Jaspers RT. Mechanical Stimulation and IGF-1 Enhance mRNA Translation Rate in Osteoblasts Via Activation of the AKT-mTOR Pathway. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1283-90. [PMID: 26505782 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is anabolic for muscle by enhancing the rate of mRNA translation via activation of AKT and subsequent activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTOR), thereby increasing cellular protein production. IGF-1 is also anabolic for bone, but whether the mTOR pathway plays a role in the rate of bone matrix protein production by osteoblasts is unknown. We hypothesized that anabolic stimuli such as mechanical loading and IGF-1 stimulate protein synthesis in osteoblasts via activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were either or not subjected for 1 h to mechanical loading by pulsating fluid flow (PFF) or treated with or without human recombinant IGF-1 (1-100 ng/ml) for 0.5-6 h, to determine phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K (downstream of mTOR) by Western blot. After 4 days of culture with or without the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, total protein, DNA, and gene expression were quantified. IGF-1 (100 ng/ml) reduced IGF-1 gene expression, although PFF enhanced IGF-1 expression. IGF-1 did not affect collagen-I gene expression. IGF-1 dose-dependently enhanced AKT and p70S6K phosphorylation at 2 and 6 h. PFF enhanced phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K already within 1 h. Both IGF-1 and PFF enhanced total protein per cell by ∼30%, but not in the presence of rapamycin. Our results show that IGF-1 and PFF activate mTOR, thereby stimulating the rate of mRNA translation in osteoblasts. The known anabolic effect of mechanical loading and IGF-1 on bone may thus be partly explained by mTOR-mediated enhanced protein synthesis in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Gakes
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard M J de Wit
- Laboratory for Myology, Research Institute MOVE Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Research Institute MOVE Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Stamatkin C, Ratermann KL, Overley CW, Black EP. Inhibition of class IA PI3K enzymes in non-small cell lung cancer cells uncovers functional compensation among isoforms. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1341-52. [PMID: 26176612 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is central to many human malignancies while normal cell proliferation requires pathway functionality. Although inhibitors of the PI3K pathway are in clinical trials or approved for therapy, an understanding of the functional activities of pathway members in specific malignancies is needed. In lung cancers, the PI3K pathway is often aberrantly activated by mutation of genes encoding EGFR, KRAS, and PIK3CA proteins. We sought to understand whether class IA PI3K enzymes represent rational therapeutic targets in cells of non-squamous lung cancers by exploring pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of PI3K enzymes in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line system. We found that class IA PI3K enzymes were expressed in all cell lines tested, but treatment of NSCLC lines with isoform-selective inhibitors (A66, TGX-221, CAL-101 and IC488743) had little effect on cell proliferation or prolonged inhibition of AKT activity. Inhibitory pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses were observed using these agents at non-isoform selective concentrations and with the pan-class I (ZSTK474) agent. Response to pharmacological inhibition suggested that PI3K isoforms may functionally compensate for one another thus limiting efficacy of single agent treatment. However, combination of ZSTK474 and an EGFR inhibitor (erlotinib) in NSCLC resistant to each single agent reduced cellular proliferation. These studies uncovered unanticipated cellular responses to PI3K isoform inhibition in NSCLC that does not correlate with PI3K mutations, suggesting that patients bearing tumors with wildtype EGFR and KRAS are unlikely to benefit from inhibitors of single isoforms but may respond to pan-isoform inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stamatkin
- a University of Kentucky; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lucille P Markey Cancer Center Lexington ; Lexington , KY USA
| | - Kelley L Ratermann
- a University of Kentucky; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lucille P Markey Cancer Center Lexington ; Lexington , KY USA
| | - Colleen W Overley
- a University of Kentucky; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lucille P Markey Cancer Center Lexington ; Lexington , KY USA
| | - Esther P Black
- a University of Kentucky; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lucille P Markey Cancer Center Lexington ; Lexington , KY USA
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14
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Fairhurst RA, Imbach-Weese P, Gerspacher M, Caravatti G, Furet P, Zoller T, Fritsch C, Haasen D, Trappe J, Guthy DA, Arz D, Wirth J. Identification and optimisation of a 4',5-bisthiazole series of selective phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase alpha inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015. [PMID: 26206504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the affinity-pocket binding moiety of a 2-aminothiazole (S)-proline-amide-urea series of selective PI3Kα inhibitors using a parallel-synthesis approach led to the identification of a novel 4',5-bisthiazole sub-series. The synthesis and optimisation of both the affinity pocket and (S)-proline amide moieties within this 4',5-bisthiazole sub-series are described. From this work a number of analogues, including 14 (A66) and 24, were identified as potent and selective PI3Kα inhibitor in vitro tool compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Fairhurst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Imbach-Weese
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Gerspacher
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Caravatti
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zoller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fritsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Haasen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Trappe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel A Guthy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Arz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Wirth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Bakker AD, Jaspers RT. IL-6 and IGF-1 Signaling Within and Between Muscle and Bone: How Important is the mTOR Pathway for Bone Metabolism? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2015; 13:131-9. [PMID: 25712618 PMCID: PMC4417129 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-015-0264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) play an important role in the adaptation of both muscle and bone to mechanical stimuli. Here, we provide an overview of the functions of IL-6 and IGF-1 in bone and muscle metabolism, and the intracellular signaling pathways that are well known to mediate these functions. In particular, we discuss the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway which in skeletal muscle is known for its key role in regulating the rate of mRNA translation (protein synthesis). Since the role of the mTOR pathway in bone is explored to a much lesser extent, we discuss what is known about this pathway in bone and the potential role of this pathway in bone remodeling. We will also discuss the possible ways of influencing IGF-1 or IL-6 signaling by osteocytes and the clinical implications of pharmacological or nutritional modulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid D. Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Fransecky L, Mochmann LH, Baldus CD. Outlook on PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition in acute leukemia. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2015; 3:2. [PMID: 26056603 PMCID: PMC4452048 DOI: 10.1186/s40591-015-0040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Technological advances allowing high throughput analyses across numerous cancer tissues have allowed much progress in understanding complex cellular signaling. In the future, the genetic landscape in cancer may have more clinical relevance than diagnosis based on tumor origin. This progress has emphasized PI3K/AKT/mTOR, among others, as a central signaling center of cancer development due to its governing control in cellular growth, survival, and metabolism. The discovery of high frequencies of mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in different cancer entities has sparked interest to inhibit elements of this pathway. In acute leukemia pharmacological interruption has yet to achieve desirable efficacy as targetable downstream mutations in PI3K/AKT/mTOR are absent. Nevertheless, mutations in membrane-associated genes upstream of PI3K/AKT/mTOR are frequent in acute leukemia and are associated with aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR thus providing a good rationale for further exploration. This review attempts to summarize key findings leading to aberrant activation and to reflect on both promises and challenges of targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR in acute leukemia. Our emphasis lies on the insights gained through high-throughput data acquisition that open up new avenues for identifying specific subgroups of acute leukemia as ideal candidates for PI3K/AKT/mTOR targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Fransecky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liliana H Mochmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D Baldus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Burke JE, Williams RL. Synergy in activating class I PI3Ks. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:88-100. [PMID: 25573003 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that transduce a host of cellular signals and regulate a broad range of essential functions including growth, proliferation, and migration. As such, PI3Ks have pivotal roles in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, primary immune disorders, and inflammation. These enzymes are activated downstream of numerous activating stimuli including receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the Ras superfamily of small G proteins. A major challenge is to decipher how each PI3K isoform is able to successfully synergize these inputs into their intended signaling function. This article highlights recent progress in characterizing the molecular mechanisms of PI3K isoform-specific activation pathways, as well as novel roles for PI3Ks in human diseases, specifically cancer and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Drive, Victoria BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Roger L Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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18
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El Meskini R, Iacovelli AJ, Kulaga A, Gumprecht M, Martin PL, Baran M, Householder DB, Van Dyke T, Weaver Ohler Z. A preclinical orthotopic model for glioblastoma recapitulates key features of human tumors and demonstrates sensitivity to a combination of MEK and PI3K pathway inhibitors. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:45-56. [PMID: 25431423 PMCID: PMC4283649 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the highest grade malignant brain tumor, are mostly ineffective, and better preclinical model systems are needed to increase the successful translation of drug discovery efforts into the clinic. Previous work describes a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model that contains perturbations in the most frequently dysregulated networks in GBM (driven by RB, KRAS and/or PI3K signaling and PTEN) that induce development of Grade IV astrocytoma with properties of the human disease. Here, we developed and characterized an orthotopic mouse model derived from the GEM that retains the features of the GEM model in an immunocompetent background; however, this model is also tractable and efficient for preclinical evaluation of candidate therapeutic regimens. Orthotopic brain tumors are highly proliferative, invasive and vascular, and express histology markers characteristic of human GBM. Primary tumor cells were examined for sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs. PI3K and MAPK pathway inhibitors, when used as single agents, inhibited cell proliferation but did not result in significant apoptosis. However, in combination, these inhibitors resulted in a substantial increase in cell death. Moreover, these findings translated into the in vivo orthotopic model: PI3K or MAPK inhibitor treatment regimens resulted in incomplete pathway suppression and feedback loops, whereas dual treatment delayed tumor growth through increased apoptosis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. Analysis of downstream pathway components revealed a cooperative effect on target downregulation. These concordant results, together with the morphologic similarities to the human GBM disease characteristics of the model, validate it as a new platform for the evaluation of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa El Meskini
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Anthony J Iacovelli
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alan Kulaga
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michelle Gumprecht
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Philip L Martin
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Maureen Baran
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Deborah B Householder
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Terry Van Dyke
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zoë Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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19
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Gan ZY, Fitter S, Vandyke K, To LB, Zannettino ACW, Martin SK. The effect of the dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 on tumour growth and osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2014; 94:343-54. [PMID: 25179233 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The plasma cell malignancy multiple myeloma (MM) is unique among haematological malignancies in its capacity to cause osteoclast-mediated skeletal destruction. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates proliferation, survival and drug resistance in MM plasma cells and is also involved in regulating the formation and activity of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. NVP-BEZ235 is a dual pan class I PI3K and mTOR inhibitor that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in several tumour settings. In this study, we examined the anti-tumorigenic effects of BEZ235 in an immunocompetent mouse model of MM and assessed the effects of BEZ235 on osteoblast and osteoclast formation and function. BEZ235 treatment (50 mg/kg) resulted in a significant decrease in serum paraprotein and tumour burden, and μCT analysis of the proximal tibia revealed a significant reduction in the number of osteolytic bone lesions in BEZ235-treated animals. Levels of the serum osteoblast marker P1NP were significantly higher in BEZ235-treated animals, while levels of the osteoclast marker TRAcP5 were reduced. In vitro, BEZ235 decreased MM plasma cell proliferation, osteoclast formation and function and promoted osteoblast formation and function. These findings suggest that, in addition to its anti-tumour properties, BEZ235 could be useful in treating osteolytic bone disease in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ying Gan
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA
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20
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Structure, function and inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α enzyme. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:120-4. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20130255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) p110α isoform is activated by oncogenic mutations in many cancers. This has stimulated intense interest in identifying inhibitors of the PI3K pathway as well as p110α-selective inhibitors, and understanding the mechanisms underlying activation by the oncogenic mutations. In the present article, we review recent progress in the structure and function of the p110α enzyme and two of its most common oncogenic mutations, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors, and p110α pharmacology.
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