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Pelaez-Aguilar AE, Mata-Salgado F, Morales-Ortiz A, Millán-Pacheco C, Olvera-Carranza C, Salgado-Delgado J, Pastor N, Rivillas-Acevedo L. Cu(II) binding to the λ6aJL2-R24G antibody light chain protein associated with light chain amyloidosis disease: The role of histidines. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132393. [PMID: 38761898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis is a conformational disease caused by the abnormal proliferation and deposition of antibody light chains as amyloid fibers in organs and tissues. The effect of Cu(II) binding to the model recombinant protein 6aJL2-R24G was previously characterized in our group, and we found an acceleration of the aggregation kinetics of the protein. In this study, in order to confirm the Cu(II) binding sites, histidine variants of 6aJL2-R24G were prepared and the effects of their interaction with Cu(II) were analyzed by circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal calorimetry titrations, and molecular dynamics simulations. Confirming our earlier work, we found that His8 and His99 are the highest affinity Cu(II) binding sites, and that Cu(II) binding to both sites is a cooperative event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel E Pelaez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Mata-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Alan Morales-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - César Millán-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Clarita Olvera-Carranza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesus Salgado-Delgado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Lina Rivillas-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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2
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Lavatelli F, Natalello A, Marchese L, Ami D, Corazza A, Raimondi S, Mimmi MC, Malinverni S, Mangione PP, Palmer MT, Lampis A, Concardi M, Verona G, Canetti D, Arbustini E, Bellotti V, Giorgetti S. Truncation of the constant domain drives amyloid formation by immunoglobulin light chains. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107174. [PMID: 38499153 PMCID: PMC11016911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AL amyloidosis is a life-threatening disease caused by deposition of immunoglobulin light chains. While the mechanisms underlying light chains amyloidogenesis in vivo remain unclear, several studies have highlighted the role that tissue environment and structural amyloidogenicity of individual light chains have in the disease pathogenesis. AL natural deposits contain both full-length light chains and fragments encompassing the variable domain (VL) as well as different length segments of the constant region (CL), thus highlighting the relevance that proteolysis may have in the fibrillogenesis pathway. Here, we investigate the role of major truncated species of the disease-associated AL55 light chain that were previously identified in natural deposits. Specifically, we study structure, molecular dynamics, thermal stability, and capacity to form fibrils of a fragment containing both the VL and part of the CL (133-AL55), in comparison with the full-length protein and its variable domain alone, under shear stress and physiological conditions. Whereas the full-length light chain forms exclusively amorphous aggregates, both fragments generate fibrils, although, with different kinetics, aggregate structure, and interplay with the unfragmented protein. More specifically, the VL-CL 133-AL55 fragment entirely converts into amyloid fibrils microscopically and spectroscopically similar to their ex vivo counterpart and increases the amorphous aggregation of full-length AL55. Overall, our data support the idea that light chain structure and proteolysis are both relevant for amyloidogenesis in vivo and provide a novel biocompatible model of light chain fibrillogenesis suitable for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lavatelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Research Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Mimmi
- Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Malinverni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Patrizia Mangione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Research Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manel Terrones Palmer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Lampis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Concardi
- Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Verona
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Centre for Amyloidosis, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Canetti
- Centre for Amyloidosis, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Research Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Research Area, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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3
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Del Pozo-Yauner L, Herrera GA, Perez Carreon JI, Turbat-Herrera EA, Rodriguez-Alvarez FJ, Ruiz Zamora RA. Role of the mechanisms for antibody repertoire diversification in monoclonal light chain deposition disorders: when a friend becomes foe. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203425. [PMID: 37520549 PMCID: PMC10374031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates generates a highly diverse repertoire of antibodies to meet the antigenic challenges of a constantly evolving biological ecosystem. Most of the diversity is generated by two mechanisms: V(D)J gene recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM). SHM introduces changes in the variable domain of antibodies, mostly in the regions that form the paratope, yielding antibodies with higher antigen binding affinity. However, antigen recognition is only possible if the antibody folds into a stable functional conformation. Therefore, a key force determining the survival of B cell clones undergoing somatic hypermutation is the ability of the mutated heavy and light chains to efficiently fold and assemble into a functional antibody. The antibody is the structural context where the selection of the somatic mutations occurs, and where both the heavy and light chains benefit from protective mechanisms that counteract the potentially deleterious impact of the changes. However, in patients with monoclonal gammopathies, the proliferating plasma cell clone may overproduce the light chain, which is then secreted into the bloodstream. This places the light chain out of the protective context provided by the quaternary structure of the antibody, increasing the risk of misfolding and aggregation due to destabilizing somatic mutations. Light chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis, light chain deposition disease (LCDD), Fanconi syndrome, and myeloma (cast) nephropathy are a diverse group of diseases derived from the pathologic aggregation of light chains, in which somatic mutations are recognized to play a role. In this review, we address the mechanisms by which somatic mutations promote the misfolding and pathological aggregation of the light chains, with an emphasis on AL amyloidosis. We also analyze the contribution of the variable domain (VL) gene segments and somatic mutations on light chain cytotoxicity, organ tropism, and structure of the AL fibrils. Finally, we analyze the most recent advances in the development of computational algorithms to predict the role of somatic mutations in the cardiotoxicity of amyloidogenic light chains and discuss the challenges and perspectives that this approach faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Del Pozo-Yauner
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Guillermo A. Herrera
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | | | - Elba A. Turbat-Herrera
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
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Meunier-Carmenate Y, Valdés-García G, Maya-Martinez R, French-Pacheco L, Fernández-Silva A, González-Onofre Y, Millan-Pacheco C, Pastor N, Amero C. Unfolding and Aggregation Pathways of Variable Domains from Immunoglobulin Light Chains. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1000-1011. [PMID: 36802343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. This disease is caused by the formation and deposition of amyloid fibers made from immunoglobulin light chains. Environmental conditions such as pH and temperature can affect protein structure and induce the development of these fibers. Several studies have shed light on the native state, stability, dynamics, and final amyloid state of these proteins; however, the initiation process and the fibril formation pathway remain poorly understood structurally and kinetically. To study this, we analyzed the unfolding and aggregation process of the 6aJL2 protein under acidic conditions, with temperature changes, and upon mutation, using biophysical and computational techniques. Our results suggest that the differences in amyloidogenicity displayed by 6aJL2 under these conditions are caused by traversing different aggregation pathways, including unfolded intermediates and the formation of oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Meunier-Carmenate
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Valdés-García
- Centro de Investigacion en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Roberto Maya-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leidys French-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Arline Fernández-Silva
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Yoselin González-Onofre
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Cesar Millan-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigacion en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos Amero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
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5
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Sternke-Hoffmann R, Pauly T, Norrild RK, Hansen J, Tucholski F, Høie MH, Marcatili P, Dupré M, Duchateau M, Rey M, Malosse C, Metzger S, Boquoi A, Platten F, Egelhaaf SU, Chamot-Rooke J, Fenk R, Nagel-Steger L, Haas R, Buell AK. Widespread amyloidogenicity potential of multiple myeloma patient-derived immunoglobulin light chains. BMC Biol 2023; 21:21. [PMID: 36737754 PMCID: PMC9898917 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a range of human disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM), immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) can be produced at very high concentrations. This can lead to pathological aggregation and deposition of IgLCs in different tissues, which in turn leads to severe and potentially fatal organ damage. However, IgLCs can also be highly soluble and non-toxic. It is generally thought that the cause for this differential solubility behaviour is solely found within the IgLC amino acid sequences, and a variety of individual sequence-related biophysical properties (e.g. thermal stability, dimerisation) have been proposed in different studies as major determinants of the aggregation in vivo. Here, we investigate biophysical properties underlying IgLC amyloidogenicity. RESULTS We introduce a novel and systematic workflow, Thermodynamic and Aggregation Fingerprinting (ThAgg-Fip), for detailed biophysical characterisation, and apply it to nine different MM patient-derived IgLCs. Our set of pathogenic IgLCs spans the entire range of values in those parameters previously proposed to define in vivo amyloidogenicity; however, none actually forms amyloid in patients. Even more surprisingly, we were able to show that all our IgLCs are able to form amyloid fibrils readily in vitro under the influence of proteolytic cleavage by co-purified cathepsins. CONCLUSIONS We show that (I) in vivo aggregation behaviour is unlikely to be mechanistically linked to any single biophysical or biochemical parameter and (II) amyloidogenic potential is widespread in IgLC sequences and is not confined to those sequences that form amyloid fibrils in patients. Our findings suggest that protein sequence, environmental conditions and presence and action of proteases all determine the ability of light chains to form amyloid fibrils in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sternke-Hoffmann
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pauly
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBI-7, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rasmus K. Norrild
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Hansen
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Tucholski
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magnus Haraldson Høie
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paolo Marcatili
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Dupré
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Magalie Duchateau
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Martial Rey
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christian Malosse
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Metzger
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Platform, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amelie Boquoi
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Platten
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBI-4, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan U. Egelhaaf
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Roland Fenk
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBI-7, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander K. Buell
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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An N-glycosylation hotspot in immunoglobulin κ light chains is associated with AL amyloidosis. Leukemia 2022; 36:2076-2085. [PMID: 35610346 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is caused by a small, minimally proliferating B-cell/plasma-cell clone secreting a patient-unique, aggregation-prone, toxic light chain (LC). The pathogenicity of LCs is encrypted in their sequence, yet molecular determinants of amyloidogenesis are poorly understood. Higher rates of N-glycosylation among clonal κ LCs from patients with AL amyloidosis compared to other monoclonal gammopathies indicate that this post-translational modification is associated with a higher risk of developing AL amyloidosis. Here, we exploited LC sequence information from previously published amyloidogenic and control clonal LCs and from a series of 220 patients with AL amyloidosis or multiple myeloma followed at our Institutions to define sequence and spatial features of N-glycosylation, combining bioinformatics, biochemical, proteomics, structural and genetic analyses. We found peculiar sequence and spatial pattern of N-glycosylation in amyloidogenic κ LCs, with most of the N-glycosylation sites laying in the framework region 3, particularly within the E strand, and consisting mainly of the NFT sequon, setting them apart with respect to non-amyloidogenic clonal LCs. Our data further support a potential role of N-glycosylation in determining the pathogenic behavior of a subset of amyloidogenic LCs and may help refine current N-glycosylation-based prognostic assessments for patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
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Russo R, Romeo M, Schulte T, Maritan M, Oberti L, Barzago MM, Barbiroli A, Pappone C, Anastasia L, Palladini G, Diomede L, Ricagno S. Cu(II) Binding Increases the Soluble Toxicity of Amyloidogenic Light Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020950. [PMID: 35055136 PMCID: PMC8780072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is caused by the aberrant overproduction of immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). The resulting abnormally high LC concentrations in blood lead to deposit formation in the heart and other target organs. Organ damage is caused not only by the accumulation of bulky amyloid deposits, but extensive clinical data indicate that circulating soluble LCs also exert cardiotoxic effects. The nematode C. elegans has been validated to recapitulate LC soluble toxicity in vivo, and in such a model a role for copper ions in increasing LC soluble toxicity has been reported. Here, we applied microscale thermophoresis, isothermal calorimetry and thermal melting to demonstrate the specific binding of Cu2+ to the variable domain of amyloidogenic H7 with a sub-micromolar affinity. Histidine residues present in the LC sequence are not involved in the binding, and yet their mutation to Ala reduces the soluble toxicity of H7. Copper ions bind to and destabilize the variable domains and induce a limited stabilization in this domain. In summary, the data reported here, elucidate the biochemical bases of the Cu2+-induced toxicity; moreover, they also show that copper binding is just one of the several biochemical traits contributing to LC soluble in vivo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e Dei Trapianti, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Margherita Romeo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Tim Schulte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Martina Maritan
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
| | - Luca Oberti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
| | - Maria Monica Barzago
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, La Nutrizione e L’Ambiente, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (S.R.)
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8
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López Sánchez HA, Kathuria SV, Fernández Velasco DA. The Folding Pathway of 6aJL2. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1997-2008. [PMID: 33620231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One-third of the reported cases of light chain amyloidosis are related to the germ line λ6 family; remarkably, healthy individuals express this type of protein in just 2% of the peripheral blood and bone marrow B-cells. The appearance of the disease has been related to the inherent properties of this protein family. A recombinant representative model for λ6 proteins called 6aJL2 containing the amino acid sequence encoded by the 6a and JL2 germ line genes was previously designed and synthesized to study the properties of this family. Previous work on 6aJL2 suggested a simple two-state folding model at 25 °C; no intermediate could be identified either by kinetics or by fluorescence and circular dichroism equilibrium studies, although the presence of an intermediate that is populated at ∼2.4 M urea was suggested by size exclusion chromatography. In this study we employed classic equilibrium and kinetic experiments and analysis to elucidate the detailed folding mechanism of this protein. We identify species that are kinetically accessible and/or are populated at equilibrium. We describe the presence of intermediate and native-like species and propose a five-species folding mechanism at 25 °C at short incubation times, similar to and consistent with those observed in other proteins of this fold. The formation of intermediates in the mechanism of 6aJL2 is faster than that proposed for a Vκ light chain, which could be an important distinction in the amyloidogenic potential of both germ lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haven A López Sánchez
- Laboratorio de FísicoQuímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Sagar V Kathuria
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - D Alejandro Fernández Velasco
- Laboratorio de FísicoQuímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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9
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Molecular mechanism of amyloidogenic mutations in hypervariable regions of antibody light chains. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100334. [PMID: 33508322 PMCID: PMC7949129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a fatal protein misfolding disease in which excessive secretion, misfolding, and subsequent aggregation of free antibody light chains eventually lead to deposition of amyloid plaques in various organs. Patient-specific mutations in the antibody VL domain are closely linked to the disease, but the molecular mechanisms by which certain mutations induce misfolding and amyloid aggregation of antibody domains are still poorly understood. Here, we compare a patient VL domain with its nonamyloidogenic germline counterpart and show that, out of the five mutations present, two of them strongly destabilize the protein and induce amyloid fibril formation. Surprisingly, the decisive, disease-causing mutations are located in the highly variable complementarity determining regions (CDRs) but exhibit a strong impact on the dynamics of conserved core regions of the patient VL domain. This effect seems to be based on a deviation from the canonical CDR structures of CDR2 and CDR3 induced by the substitutions. The amyloid-driving mutations are not necessarily involved in propagating fibril formation by providing specific side chain interactions within the fibril structure. Rather, they destabilize the VL domain in a specific way, increasing the dynamics of framework regions, which can then change their conformation to form the fibril core. These findings reveal unexpected influences of CDR-framework interactions on antibody architecture, stability, and amyloid propensity.
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10
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Understanding Mesangial Pathobiology in AL-Amyloidosis and Monoclonal Ig Light Chain Deposition Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1870-1893. [PMID: 33163710 PMCID: PMC7609979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with plasma cell dyscrasias produce free abnormal monoclonal Ig light chains that circulate in the blood stream. Some of them, termed glomerulopathic light chains, interact with the mesangial cells and trigger, in a manner dependent of their structural and physicochemical properties, a sequence of pathological events that results in either light chain–derived (AL) amyloidosis (AL-Am) or light chain deposition disease (LCDD). The mesangial cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of both diseases. The interaction with the pathogenic light chain elicits specific cellular processes, which include apoptosis, phenotype transformation, and secretion of extracellular matrix components and metalloproteinases. Monoclonal light chains associated with AL-Am but not those producing LCDD are avidly endocytosed by mesangial cells and delivered to the mature lysosomal compartment where amyloid fibrils are formed. Light chains from patients with LCDD exert their pathogenic signaling effect at the cell surface of mesangial cells. These events are generic mesangial responses to a variety of adverse stimuli, and they are similar to those characterizing other more frequent glomerulopathies responsible for many cases of end-stage renal disease. The pathophysiologic events that have been elucidated allow to propose future therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing, stopping, ameliorating, or reversing the adverse effects resulting from the interactions between glomerulopathic light chains and mesangium.
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11
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Pelaez-Aguilar A, Valdés-García G, French-Pacheco L, Pastor N, Amero C, Rivillas-Acevedo L. Site-Specific Interactions with Copper Promote Amyloid Fibril Formation for λ6aJL2-R24G. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7085-7095. [PMID: 32280849 PMCID: PMC7143407 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is one of the most common systemic amyloidoses, and it is characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin light chain (LC) variable domains as insoluble amyloid fibers in vital organs and tissues. The recombinant protein 6aJL2-R24G contains λ6a and JL2 germline genes and also contains the Arg24 by Gly substitution. This mutation is present in 25% of all amyloid-associated λ6 LC cases, reduces protein stability, and increases the propensity to form amyloid fibers. In this study, it was found that the interaction of 6aJL2-R24G with Cu(II) decreases the thermal stability of the protein and accelerates the amyloid fibril formation, as observed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Isothermal calorimetry titration showed that Cu(II) binds to the protein with micromolar affinity. His99 may be one of the main Cu(II) interaction sites, as observed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The binding of Cu(II) to His99 induces larger fluctuations of the CDR1 and loop C″, as shown by molecular dynamics simulations. Thus, Cu(II) binding may be inducing the loss of interactions between CDR3 and CDR1, making the protein less stable and more prone to form amyloid fibers. This study provides insights into the mechanism of metal-induced aggregation of the 6aJL2-R24G protein and sheds light on the bio-inorganic understanding of AL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel
E. Pelaez-Aguilar
- Centro
de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Valdés-García
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Leidys French-Pacheco
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro
de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Carlos Amero
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Lina Rivillas-Acevedo
- Centro
de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
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12
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Rudiño-Piñera E, Peláez-Aguilar ÁE, Amero C, Díaz-Vilchis A. Crystal structure of 6aJL2-R24G light chain variable domain: Does crystal packing explain amyloid fibril formation? Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100682. [PMID: 31517067 PMCID: PMC6728755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis is one of the most common systemic amyloidosis, characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin light variable domain as insoluble amyloid fibrils in vital organs, leading to the death of patients. Germline λ6a is closely related with this disease and has been reported that 25% of proteins encoded by this germline have a change at position 24 where an Arg is replaced by a Gly (R24G). This germline variant reduces protein stability and increases the propensity to form amyloid fibrils. In this work, the crystal structure of 6aJL2-R24G has been determined to 2.0 Å resolution by molecular replacement. Crystal belongs to space group I212121 (PDB ID 5JPJ) and there are two molecules in the asymmetric unit. This 6aJL2-R24G structure as several related in PDB (PDB entries: 5C9K, 2W0K, 5IR3 and 1PW3) presents by crystal packing the formation of an octameric assembly in a helicoidal arrangement, which has been proposed as an important early stage in amyloid fibril aggregation. However, other structures of other protein variants in PDB (PDB entries: 3B5G, 3BDX, 2W0L, 1CD0 and 2CD0) do not make the octameric assembly, regardless their capacity to form fibers in vitro or in vivo. The analysis presented here shows that the ability to form the octameric assembly in a helicoidal arrangement in crystallized light chain immunoglobulin proteins is not required for amyloid fibril formation in vitro. In addition, the fundamental role of partially folded states in the amyloid fibril formation in vitro, is not described in any crystallographic structure published or analyzed here, being those structures, in any case examples of proteins in their native states. Those partially folded states have been recently described by cryo-EM studies, showing the necessity of structural changes in the variants before the amyloid fiber formation process starts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rudiño-Piñera
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Ángel E. Peláez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Carlos Amero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Adelaida Díaz-Vilchis
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Maya-Martinez R, French-Pacheco L, Valdés-García G, Pastor N, Amero C. Different Dynamics in 6aJL2 Proteins Associated with AL Amyloidosis, a Conformational Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4078. [PMID: 31438515 PMCID: PMC6747610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is the most common systemic amyloidosis and is caused by the deposition of mainly insoluble immunoglobulin light chain amyloid fibrils in multiple organs, causing organ failure and eventually death. The germ-line λ6a has been implicated in AL, where a single point mutant at amino acid 24 (6aJL2-R24G) has been observed in around 25% of patient samples. Structural analysis has shown only subtle differences between both proteins; nevertheless, 6aJL2-R24G is more prone to form amyloid fibrils. To improve our understanding of the role of protein flexibility in amyloid fibril formation, we have used a combination of solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to complement the structural insight with dynamic knowledge. Fast timescale dynamics (ps-ns) were equivalent for both proteins, but suggested exchange events for some residues. Even though most of the intermediate dynamics (μs-ms) occurred at a similar region for both proteins, the specific characteristics are very different. A minor population detected in the dispersion experiments could be associated with the formation of an off-pathway intermediate that protects from fiber formation more efficiently in the germ-line protein. Moreover, we found that the hydrogen bond patterns for both proteins are similar, but the lifetime for the mutant is significantly reduced; as a consequence, there is a decrease in the stability of the tertiary structure that extends throughout the protein and leads to an increase in the propensity to form amyloid fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maya-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Leidys French-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Valdés-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Carlos Amero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico.
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14
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Swuec P, Lavatelli F, Tasaki M, Paissoni C, Rognoni P, Maritan M, Brambilla F, Milani P, Mauri P, Camilloni C, Palladini G, Merlini G, Ricagno S, Bolognesi M. Cryo-EM structure of cardiac amyloid fibrils from an immunoglobulin light chain AL amyloidosis patient. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1269. [PMID: 30894521 PMCID: PMC6427027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a life-threatening disease caused by aggregation and deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (LC) in target organs. Severity of heart involvement is the most important factor determining prognosis. Here, we report the 4.0 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy map and molecular model of amyloid fibrils extracted from the heart of an AL amyloidosis patient with severe amyloid cardiomyopathy. The helical fibrils are composed of a single protofilament, showing typical 4.9 Å stacking and cross-β architecture. Two distinct polypeptide stretches (total of 77 residues) from the LC variable domain (Vl) fit the fibril density. Despite Vl high sequence variability, residues stabilizing the fibril core are conserved through different cardiotoxic Vl, highlighting structural motifs that may be common to misfolding-prone LCs. Our data shed light on the architecture of LC amyloids, correlate amino acid sequences with fibril assembly, providing the grounds for development of innovative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Swuec
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Masayoshi Tasaki
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences,, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto, 862-0976, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Cristina Paissoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Rognoni
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Maritan
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Brambilla
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy. .,Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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15
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The CDR1 and Other Regions of Immunoglobulin Light Chains are Hot Spots for Amyloid Aggregation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3123. [PMID: 30816248 PMCID: PMC6395779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis is a debilitating disease without known cure. Almost nothing is known about the structural factors driving the amyloidogenesis of the light chains. This study aimed to identify the fibrillogenic hotspots of the model protein 6aJL2 and in pursuing this goal, two complementary approaches were applied. One of them was based on several web-based computational tools optimized to predict fibrillogenic/aggregation-prone sequences based on different structural and biophysical properties of the polypeptide chain. Then, the predictions were confirmed with an ad-hoc synthetic peptide library. In the second approach, 6aJL2 protein was proteolyzed with trypsin, and the products incubated in aggregation-promoting conditions. Then, the aggregation-prone fragments were identified by combining standard proteomic methods, and the results validated with a set of synthetic peptides with the sequence of the tryptic fragments. Both strategies coincided to identify a fibrillogenic hotspot located at the CDR1 and β-strand C of the protein, which was confirmed by scanning proline mutagenesis analysis. However, only the proteolysis-based strategy revealed additional fibrillogenic hotspots in two other regions of the protein. It was shown that a fibrillogenic hotspot associated to the CDR1 is also encoded by several κ and λ germline variable domain gene segments. Some parts of this study have been included in the chapter “The Structural Determinants of the Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloid Aggregation”, published in Physical Biology of Proteins and Peptides, Springer 2015 (ISBN 978-3-319-21687-4).
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16
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Lecoq L, Wiegand T, Rodriguez‐Alvarez FJ, Cadalbert R, Herrera GA, del Pozo‐Yauner L, Meier BH, Böckmann A. A Substantial Structural Conversion of the Native Monomer Leads to in‐Register Parallel Amyloid Fibril Formation in Light‐Chain Amyloidosis. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1027-1031. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Lecoq
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural BiochemistryLabex EcofectUMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon 7, passage du Vercors 69367 Lyon France
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Physical ChemistryETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Riccardo Cadalbert
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural BiochemistryLabex EcofectUMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon 7, passage du Vercors 69367 Lyon France
| | - Guillermo A. Herrera
- Department of Pathology and Translational PathobiologyLSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport LA 71103 USA
| | - Luis del Pozo‐Yauner
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica Periférico Sur No. 4809 14610 Mexico City México
- Department of Pathology and Translational PathobiologyLSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport LA 71103 USA
| | - Beat H. Meier
- Physical ChemistryETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural BiochemistryLabex EcofectUMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon 7, passage du Vercors 69367 Lyon France
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17
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Velázquez-López I, Valdés-García G, Romero Romero S, Maya Martínez R, Leal-Cervantes AI, Costas M, Sánchez-López R, Amero C, Pastor N, Fernández Velasco DA. Localized conformational changes trigger the pH-induced fibrillogenesis of an amyloidogenic λ light chain protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1656-1666. [PMID: 29669263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Solvent conditions modulate the expression of the amyloidogenic potential of proteins. In this work the effect of pH on the fibrillogenic behavior and the conformational properties of 6aJL2, a model protein of the highly amyloidogenic variable light chain λ6a gene segment, was examined. Ordered aggregates showing the ultrastructural and spectroscopic properties observed in amyloid fibrils were formed in the 2.0-8.0 pH range. At pH <3.0 a drastic decrease in lag time and an increase in fibril formation rate were found. In the 4.0-8.0 pH range there was no spectroscopic evidence for significant conformational changes in the native state. Likewise, heat capacity measurements showed no evidence for residual structure in the unfolded state. However, at pH <3.0 stability is severely decreased and the protein suffers conformational changes as detected by circular dichroism, tryptophan and ANS fluorescence, as well as by NMR spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that acid-induced conformational changes involve the exposure of the loop connecting strands E and F. These results are compatible with pH-induced changes in the NMR spectra. Overall, the results indicate that the mechanism involved in the acid-induced increase in the fibrillogenic potential of 6aJL2 is profoundly different to that observed in κ light chains, and is promoted by localized conformational changes in a region of the protein that was previously not known to be involved in acid-induced light chain fibril formation. The identification of this region opens the potential for the design of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Velázquez-López
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Gilberto Valdés-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México
| | - Sergio Romero Romero
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Roberto Maya Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México
| | - Ana I Leal-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Miguel Costas
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | | | - Carlos Amero
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México.
| | - D Alejandro Fernández Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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18
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Valdés-García G, Millán-Pacheco C, Pastor N. Convergent mechanisms favor fast amyloid formation in two lambda 6a Ig light chain mutants. Biopolymers 2018; 107. [PMID: 28509352 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular deposition as amyloids of immunoglobulin light chains causes light chain amyloidosis. Among the light chain families, lambda 6a is one of the most frequent in light chain amyloidosis patients. Its germline protein, 6aJL2, and point mutants, R24G and P7S, are good models to study fibrillogenesis, because their stability and fibril formation characteristics have been described. Both mutations make the germline protein unstable and speed up its ability to aggregate. To date, there is no molecular mechanism that explains how these differences in amyloidogenesis can arise from a single mutation. To look into the structural and dynamical differences in the native state of these proteins, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations at room temperature. Despite the structural similarity of the germline protein and the mutants, we found differences in their dynamical signatures that explain the mutants' increased tendency to form amyloids. The contact network alterations caused by the mutations, though different, converge in affecting two anti-aggregation motifs present in light chain variable domains, suggesting a different starting point for aggregation in lambda chains compared to kappa chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Valdés-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - César Millán-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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19
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Luna-Martínez OD, Hernández-Santoyo A, Villalba-Velázquez MI, Sánchez-Alcalá R, Fernández-Velasco DA, Becerril B. Stabilizing an amyloidogenic λ6 light chain variable domain. FEBS J 2017; 284:3702-3717. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D. Luna-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos; Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Santoyo
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas; Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Myriam I. Villalba-Velázquez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos; Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Mexico
| | - Rosalba Sánchez-Alcalá
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos; Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Fernández-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Baltazar Becerril
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos; Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Mexico
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Garay Sánchez SA, Rodríguez Álvarez FJ, Zavala-Padilla G, Mejia-Cristobal LM, Cruz-Rangel A, Costas M, Fernández Velasco DA, Melendez-Zajgla J, Del Pozo-Yauner L. Stability and aggregation propensity do not fully account for the association of various germline variable domain gene segments with light chain amyloidosis. Biol Chem 2017; 398:477-489. [PMID: 27935845 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Variable domain (VL) gene segments exhibit variable tendencies to be associated with light chain amyloidosis (AL). While few of them are very frequent in AL and give rise to most of the amyloidogenic light chains compiled at the sequence databases, other are rarely found among the AL cases. To analyze to which extent these tendencies depend on folding stability and aggregation propensity of the germline VL protein, we characterized VL proteins encoded by four AL-associated germline gene segments and one not associated to AL. We found that the AL-associated germline rVL proteins differ widely in conformational stability and propensity to in vitro amyloid aggregation. While in vitro the amyloid formation kinetics of these proteins correlate well with their folding stabilities, the folding stability does not clearly correlate with their germline's frequencies in AL. We conclude that the association of the VL genes segments to amyloidosis is not determined solely by the folding stability and aggregation propensity of the germline VL protein. Other factors, such as the frequencies of destabilizing mutations and susceptibility to proteolysis, must play a role in determining the light chain amyloidogenicity.
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Probing the role of λ6 immunoglobulin light chain dimerization in amyloid formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:409-18. [PMID: 26802902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a lethal disease associated with the deposition of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains (LC) as amyloid fibrils in the extracellular space of vital organs. The exact mechanisms of LC self-assembly and the molecular basis leading to cellular and organ failure still remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the quaternary structure, the stability and the amyloidogenecity of LC variable domain (VL) from the λ6 germline. We observed that the amyloidogenic λ6 Wil and its non-amyloidogenic counterpart Jto dimerize in a concentration-dependent manner and that the dimer affinity is considerably decreased in the presence of a high ionic strength. Our results showed that the dimeric state delays the structural conversion associated with amyloid formation and that the monomer is critical to initiate amyloidogenesis. Thermal and chemical unfolding studies revealed that the dimeric state of VL λ6 has an equivalent stability to the monomer. This indicates that the protective effect of dimerization is not related to thermodynamic stability but, most likely, resides in specific structural features. The toxicity of monomeric Jto and Wil as well as fibrillar aggregates was evaluated on cardiomyoblasts and ThT-negative proteospecies reduced cellular viability when employed at high concentration. This study provides novel insights into the complex process of LC amyloidogenesis and suggests that dimer stabilization constitutes a promising strategy to prevent self-assembly and amyloid deposition.
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McWilliams-Koeppen HP, Foster JS, Hackenbrack N, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Donohoe D, Williams A, Macy S, Wooliver C, Wortham D, Morrell-Falvey J, Foster CM, Kennel SJ, Wall JS. Light Chain Amyloid Fibrils Cause Metabolic Dysfunction in Human Cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137716. [PMID: 26393799 PMCID: PMC4579077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloid disease, and cardiomyopathy is a dire consequence, resulting in an extremely poor prognosis. AL is characterized by the production of monoclonal free light chains that deposit as amyloid fibrils principally in the heart, liver, and kidneys causing organ dysfunction. We have studied the effects of amyloid fibrils, produced from recombinant λ6 light chain variable domains, on metabolic activity of human cardiomyocytes. The data indicate that fibrils at 0.1 μM, but not monomer, significantly decrease the enzymatic activity of cellular NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase, without causing significant cell death. The presence of amyloid fibrils did not affect ATP levels; however, oxygen consumption was increased and reactive oxygen species were detected. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that fibrils bound to and remained at the cell surface with little fibril internalization. These data indicate that AL amyloid fibrils severely impair cardiomyocyte metabolism in a dose dependent manner. These data suggest that effective therapeutic intervention for these patients should include methods for removing potentially toxic amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen P. McWilliams-Koeppen
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - James S. Foster
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Nicole Hackenbrack
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Marina Ramirez-Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry/Mol. Biol. and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Sallie Macy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Dale Wortham
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Jennifer Morrell-Falvey
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Carmen M. Foster
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
- * E-mail:
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del Pozo-Yauner L, Wall JS, González Andrade M, Sánchez-López R, Rodríguez-Ambriz SL, Pérez Carreón JI, Ochoa-Leyva A, Fernández-Velasco DA. The N-terminal strand modulates immunoglobulin light chain fibrillogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:495-9. [PMID: 24321098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the N-terminal strand of the light chain variable domain (V(L)) protects the molecule from aggregation by hindering spurious intermolecular contacts. We evaluated the impact of mutations in the N-terminal strand on the thermodynamic stability and kinetic of fibrillogenesis of the V(L) protein 6aJL2. Mutations in this strand destabilized the protein in a position-dependent manner, accelerating the fibrillogenesis by shortening the lag time; an effect that correlated with the extent of destabilization. In contrast, the effect on the kinetics of fibril elongation, as assessed in seeding experiments was of different nature, as it was not directly dependant on the degree of destabilization. This finding suggests different factors drive the nucleation-dependent and elongation phases of light chain fibrillogenesis. Finally, taking advantage of the dependence of the Trp fluorescence upon environment, four single Trp substitutions were made in the N-terminal strand, and changes in solvent exposure during aggregation were evaluated by acrylamide-quenching. The results suggest that the N-terminal strand is buried in the fibrillar state of 6aJL2 protein. This finding suggest a possible explanation for the modulating effect exerted by the mutations in this strand on the aggregation behavior of 6aJL2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis del Pozo-Yauner
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F. C.P. 14610, Mexico.
| | - Jonathan S Wall
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Martín González Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F. C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - Rosana Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Sandra L Rodríguez-Ambriz
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos C.P. 62731, Mexico
| | - Julio I Pérez Carreón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F. C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ochoa-Leyva
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan México, D.F. C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - D Alejandro Fernández-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, México, D.F. C.P. 04510, Mexico
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