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Akiyama F, Takahashi N, Ueda Y, Tada S, Takeuchi N, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Correlations between Skin Condition Parameters and Ceramide Profiles in the Stratum Corneum of Healthy Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8291. [PMID: 39125861 PMCID: PMC11311646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are essential lipids for skin barrier function, and various classes and species exist in the human stratum corneum (SC). To date, the relationship between skin conditions and ceramide composition in healthy individuals has remained largely unclear. In the present study, we measured six skin condition parameters (capacitance, transepidermal water loss, scaliness, roughness, multilayer exfoliation, and corneocyte cell size) for the SC of the cheeks and upper arms of 26 healthy individuals and performed correlation analyses with their SC ceramide profiles, which we measured via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the cheeks, high levels and/or ratios of two free ceramide classes containing an extra hydroxyl group in the long-chain moiety and a protein-bound ceramide class containing 6-hydroxysphingosine correlated with healthy skin conditions. In contrast, the ratios of two other free ceramide classes, both containing sphingosine, and a protein-bound ceramide class containing 4,14-sphingadiene correlated with unhealthy skin conditions, as did shortening of the carbon chain of the fatty acid portion of two ceramide classes containing non-hydroxy fatty acids. Thus, our findings help to elucidate the relationship between skin conditions and ceramide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminari Akiyama
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8633, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Ueda
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8633, Japan
| | - Shizuno Tada
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8633, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8633, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Koo BI, Lee DJ, Rahman RT, Nam YS. Biomimetic Multilayered Lipid Nanovesicles for Potent Protein Vaccination. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304109. [PMID: 38849130 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid vesicles are widely used for drug and gene delivery, but their structural instability reduces in vivo efficacy and requires specialized handling. To address these limitations, strategies like lipid cross-linking and polymer-lipid conjugation are suggested to enhance stability and biological efficacy. However, the in vivo metabolism of these altered lipids remains unclear, necessitating further studies. A new stabilization technique without chemical modification is urgently needed. Here, a bio-mimetic approach for fabricating robust multilamellar lipid vesicles to enhance in vivo delivery and stabilization of protein antigens is presented. This method leverages 1-O-acylceramide, a natural skin lipid, to facilitate the self-assembly of lipid nanovesicles. Incorporating 1-O-acylceramide, anchoring lipid bilayers akin to its role in the stratum corneum, provides excellent stability under environmental stresses, including freeze-thaw cycles. Encapsulating ovalbumin as a model antigen and the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A demonstrates the vesicle's potential as a nanovaccine platform. In vitro studies show enhanced immune responses with both unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles, but in vivo analyses highlight the superior efficiency of multilamellar vesicles in inducing higher antibody and cytokine levels. This work suggests ceramide-induced multilamellar lipid vesicles as an effective nanovaccine platform for enhanced antigen delivery and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Il Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Rafia Tasnim Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Penkov S, Fedorova M. Membrane Epilipidome-Lipid Modifications, Their Dynamics, and Functional Significance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041417. [PMID: 38253416 PMCID: PMC11216179 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lipids are characterized by extremely high structural diversity translated into a wide range of physicochemical properties. As such, lipids are vital for many different functions including organization of cellular and organelle membranes, control of cellular and organismal energy metabolism, as well as mediating multiple signaling pathways. To maintain the lipid chemical diversity and to achieve rapid lipid remodeling required for the responsiveness and adaptability of cellular membranes, living systems make use of a network of chemical modifications of already existing lipids that complement the rather slow biosynthetic pathways. Similarly to biopolymers, which can be modified epigenetically and posttranscriptionally (for nucleic acids) or posttranslationally (for proteins), lipids can also undergo chemical alterations through oxygenation, nitration, phosphorylation, glycosylation, etc. In this way, an expanded collective of modified lipids that we term the "epilipidome," provides the ultimate level of complexity to biological membranes and delivers a battery of active small-molecule compounds for numerous regulatory processes. As many lipid modifications are tightly controlled and often occur in response to extra- and intracellular stimuli at defined locations, the emergence of the epilipidome greatly contributes to the spatial and temporal compartmentalization of diverse cellular processes. Accordingly, epilipid modifications are observed in all living organisms and are among the most consistent prerequisites for complex life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sider Penkov
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration, Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration, Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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4
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Yamaji M, Ohno Y, Shimada M, Kihara A. Alteration of epidermal lipid composition as a result of deficiency in the magnesium transporter Nipal4. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100550. [PMID: 38692573 PMCID: PMC11153242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids in the stratum corneum play an important role in the formation of the skin permeability barrier. The causative gene for congenital ichthyosis, NIPAL4, encodes a Mg2+ transporter and is involved in increases in intracellular Mg2+ concentrations that depend on keratinocyte differentiation. However, the role of this increased Mg2+ concentration in skin barrier formation and its effect on the lipid composition of the stratum corneum has remained largely unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of epidermal lipids in Nipal4 KO mice via TLC and MS. Compared with WT mice, the Nipal4 KO mice showed compositional changes in many ceramide classes (including decreases in ω-O-acylceramides and increases in ω-hydroxy ceramides), together with increases in ω-hydroxy glucosylceramides, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and decreases in ω-O-acyl hydroxy fatty acids containing a linoleic acid. We also found increases in unusual ω-O-acylceramides containing oleic acid or palmitic acid in the KO mice. However, there was little change in levels of cholesterol or protein-bound ceramides. The TLC analysis showed that some unidentified lipids were increased, and the MS analysis showed that these were special ceramides called 1-O-acylceramides. These results suggest that elevated Mg2+ concentrations in differentiated keratinocytes affect the production of various lipids, resulting in the lipid composition necessary for skin barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Yamaji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Madoka Shimada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Yamamoto Y, Sassa T, Kihara A. Comparison of skin barrier abnormalities and epidermal ceramide profiles among three ω-O-acylceramide synthesis-deficient mouse strains. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:10-17. [PMID: 38158274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermis contains many structurally diverse ceramides, which form the skin permeability barrier (skin barrier). Mutations in genes involved in the synthesis of ω-O-acylceramides (acylceramides) and protein-bound ceramides cause ichthyosis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the relationship between the degree of skin barrier impairment and changes in epidermal ceramide profiles caused by mutations in acylceramide synthesis genes. METHODS Knockout (KO) mice of three genes-fatty acid (FA) ω-hydroxylase Cyp4f39 (human CYP4F22 ortholog), FA elongase Elovl1, and acyl-CoA synthetase Fatp4-were subjected to transepidermal water loss measurement, toluidine blue staining, and epidermal ceramide profiling via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Transepidermal water loss was highest in Cyp4f39 KO mice, followed by Elovl1 KO and Fatp4 KO mice, and Cyp4f39 KO mice also showed the strongest degree of toluidine blue staining. In Cyp4f39 KO, Elovl1 KO, and Fatp4 KO mice, acylceramide levels were 0.6%, 1.6%, and 12%, respectively, of those in wild-type mice. Protein-bound ceramide levels were 0.2%, 30%, and 33%, respectively, of those in wild-type mice. We also observed a near-complete absence of ω-hydroxy ceramides in Cyp4f39 KO mice, reduced total ceramide levels and shortened FA moieties in Elovl1 KO mice, and increased hydroxylated ceramide levels and slightly shortened FA moieties in Fatp4 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The degree of reduction in protein-bound ceramide levels is probably related to the severity of skin barrier defects in these three strains. However, reduced acylceramide levels and other changes in ceramide composition unique to each KO strain are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Ohno Y, Nakamura T, Iwasaki T, Katsuyama A, Ichikawa S, Kihara A. Determining the structure of protein-bound ceramides, essential lipids for skin barrier function. iScience 2023; 26:108248. [PMID: 37965138 PMCID: PMC10641502 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-bound ceramides, specialized ceramides covalently bound to corneocyte surface proteins, are essential for skin permeability barrier function. However, their exact structure and target amino acid residues are unknown. Here, we found that epoxy-enone (EE) ceramides, precursors of protein-bound ceramides, as well as their synthetic analog, formed stable conjugates only with Cys among nucleophilic amino acids. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the β-carbon of the enone was attached by the thiol group of Cys via a Michael addition reaction. We confirmed the presence of Cys-bound EE ceramides in mouse epidermis by mass spectrometry analysis of protease-digested epidermis samples. EE ceramides were reversibly released from protein-bound ceramides via sulfoxide elimination. We found that protein-bound ceramides with reversible release properties accounted for approximately 60% of total protein-bound ceramides, indicating that Cys-bound EE ceramides are the predominant protein-bound ceramides. Our findings provide clues to the molecular mechanism of skin barrier formation by protein-bound ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takafumi Iwasaki
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Katsuyama
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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7
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Almoughrabie S, Cau L, Cavagnero K, O’Neill AM, Li F, Roso-Mares A, Mainzer C, Closs B, Kolar MJ, Williams KJ, Bensinger SJ, Gallo RL. Commensal Cutibacterium acnes induce epidermal lipid synthesis important for skin barrier function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6262. [PMID: 37595033 PMCID: PMC10438445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid synthesis is necessary for formation of epithelial barriers and homeostasis with external microbes. An analysis of the response of human keratinocytes to several different commensal bacteria on the skin revealed that Cutibacterium acnes induced a large increase in essential lipids including triglycerides, ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. A similar response occurred in mouse epidermis and in human skin affected with acne. Further analysis showed that this increase in lipids was mediated by short-chain fatty acids produced by Cutibacterium acnes and was dependent on increased expression of several lipid synthesis genes including glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferase-3. Inhibition or RNA silencing of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), but not PPARβ and PPARγ, blocked this response. The increase in keratinocyte lipid content improved innate barrier functions including antimicrobial activity, paracellular diffusion, and transepidermal water loss. These results reveal that metabolites from a common commensal bacterium have a previously unappreciated influence on the composition of epidermal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Almoughrabie
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- SILAB, Brive, France
| | | | - Kellen Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Alan M. O’Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Andrea Roso-Mares
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Kolar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Kevin J. Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J. Bensinger
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
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Sassa T, Kihara A. Involvement of ω-O-acylceramides and protein-bound ceramides in oral permeability barrier formation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112363. [PMID: 37054712 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The permeability barrier present in the oral cavity is critical for protection from infection. Although lipids have properties suitable for permeability barrier formation, little is known about their role in oral barrier formation. Here, we show the presence of ω-O-acylceramides (acylceramides) and protein-bound ceramides, which are essential for the formation of permeability barriers in the epidermis, in the oral mucosae (buccal and tongue mucosae), esophagus, and stomach in mice. Conditional knockout of the fatty acid elongase Elovl1, which is involved in the synthesis of ≥C24 ceramides including acylceramides and protein-bound ceramides, in the oral mucosae and esophagus causes increased pigment penetration into the mucosal epithelium of the tongue and enhanced aversive responses to capsaicin-containing water. We find acylceramides in the buccal and gingival mucosae and protein-bound ceramides in the gingival mucosa in humans. These results indicate that acylceramides and protein-bound ceramides are important for oral permeability barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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9
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Kiener S, Castilla E, Jagannathan V, Welle M, Leeb T. SDR9C7
missense variant in a Chihuahua with non‐epidermolytic ichthyosis. Anim Genet 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/age.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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10
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Gutiérrez-Cerrajero C, Sprecher E, Paller AS, Akiyama M, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Hernández-Martín A, González-Sarmiento R. Ichthyosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36658199 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ichthyoses are a large, heterogeneous group of skin cornification disorders. They can be inherited or acquired, and result in defective keratinocyte differentiation and abnormal epidermal barrier formation. The resultant skin barrier dysfunction leads to increased transepidermal water loss and inflammation. Disordered cornification is clinically characterized by skin scaling with various degrees of thickening, desquamation (peeling) and erythema (redness). Regardless of the type of ichthyosis, many patients suffer from itching, recurrent infections, sweating impairment (hypohidrosis) with heat intolerance, and diverse ocular, hearing and nutritional complications that should be monitored periodically. The characteristic clinical features are considered to be a homeostatic attempt to repair the skin barrier, but heterogeneous clinical presentation and imperfect phenotype-genotype correlation hinder diagnosis. An accurate molecular diagnosis is, however, crucial for predicting prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counselling. Most ichthyoses severely affect patient quality of life and, in severe forms, may cause considerable disability and even death. So far, treatment provides only symptomatic relief. It is lifelong, expensive, time-consuming, and often provides disappointing results. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie these conditions is essential for designing pathogenesis-driven and patient-tailored innovative therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gutiérrez-Cerrajero
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Paediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Menopause induces changes to the stratum corneum ceramide profile, which are prevented by hormone replacement therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21715. [PMID: 36522440 PMCID: PMC9755298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The menopause can lead to epidermal changes that are alleviated by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). We hypothesise that these changes could relate to altered ceramide production, and that oestrogen may have a role in keratinocyte ceramide metabolism. White Caucasian women were recruited into three groups: pre-menopausal (n = 7), post-menopausal (n = 11) and post-menopausal taking HRT (n = 10). Blood samples were assessed for hormone levels, transepidermal water loss was measured to assess skin barrier function, and stratum corneum lipids were sampled from photoprotected buttock skin. Ceramides and sphingomyelins were analysed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation and tandem mass spectrometry. Post-menopausal stratum corneum contained lower levels of ceramides, with shorter average length; changes that were not evident in the HRT group. Serum oestradiol correlated with ceramide abundance and length. Ceramides had shorter sphingoid bases, indicating altered de novo ceramide biosynthesis. Additionally, post-menopausal women had higher sphingomyelin levels, suggesting a possible effect on the hydrolysis pathway. Treatment of primary human keratinocytes with oestradiol (10 nM) increased production of CER[NS] and CER[NDS] ceramides, confirming an effect of oestrogen on cutaneous ceramide metabolism. Taken together, these data show perturbed stratum corneum lipids post-menopause, and a role for oestrogen in ceramide production.
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12
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Arai A, Takeichi T, Wakamoto H, Sassa T, Ito Y, Murase Y, Ogi T, Akiyama M, Kihara A. Ceramide profiling of stratum corneum in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:114-122. [PMID: 35973883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a neurocutaneous disorder whose causative gene is the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2 and of which ichthyosis is the major skin symptom. The stratum corneum contains a variety of ceramides, among which ω-O-acylceramides (acylceramides) and protein-bound ceramides are essential for skin permeability barrier formation. OBJECTIVES To determine the ceramide classes/species responsible for SLS pathogenesis and the enzymes that are impaired in SLS. METHODS Genomic DNA was collected from peripheral blood samples from an SLS patient and her parents, and whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed. Lipids were extracted from stratum corneum samples from the SLS patient and healthy volunteers and subjected to ceramide profiling via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS A duplication (c.55_130dup) and a missense mutation (p.Lys447Glu) were found in the patient's ALDH3A2 gene. The patient had reduced levels of all acylceramide classes, with total acylceramide levels at 25 % of healthy controls. Reductions were also observed for several nonacylated ceramides: ceramides with phytosphingosine or 6-hydroxysphingosine in the long-chain base moiety were reduced to 24 % and 41 % of control levels, respectively, and ceramides with an α-hydroxy fatty acid as the fatty acid moiety were reduced to 29 %. The fatty acid moiety was shortened in many nonacylated ceramide classes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that reduced acylceramide levels are a primary cause of the ichthyosis symptoms of SLS, but reductions in other ceramide classes may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Arai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime Rehabilitation Center for Children, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuya Murase
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime Rehabilitation Center for Children, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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13
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Nohara T, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Impaired production of skin barrier lipid acylceramides and abnormal localization of PNPLA1 due to ichthyosis-causing mutations in PNPLA1. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Suzuki M, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Whole picture of human stratum corneum ceramides, including the chain-length diversity of long-chain bases. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100235. [PMID: 35654151 PMCID: PMC9240646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are essential lipids for skin permeability barrier function, and a wide variety of ceramide species exist in the stratum corneum (SC). Although ceramides with long-chain bases (LCBs) of various lengths have been identified in the human SC, a quantitative analysis that distinguishes ceramide species with different LCB chain lengths has not been yet published. Therefore, the whole picture of human SC ceramides remains unclear. Here, we conducted LC/MS/MS analyses to detect individual ceramide species differing in both the LCB and FA chain lengths and quantified 1,327 unbound ceramides and 254 protein-bound ceramides: the largest number of ceramide species reported to date. Ceramides containing an LCB whose chain length was C16–26 were present in the human SC. Of these, C18 (28.6%) was the most abundant, followed by C20 (24.8%) and C22 (12.8%). Each ceramide class had a characteristic distribution of LCB chain lengths and was divided into five groups according to this distribution. There was almost no difference in FA composition between the ceramide species containing LCBs of different chain lengths. Furthermore, we demonstrated that one of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complexes, SPTLC1/SPTLC3/SPTSSB, was able to produce C16–24 LCBs. The expression levels of all subunits constituting the SPT complexes increased during keratinocyte differentiation, resulting in the observed chain-length diversity of LCBs in the human SC. This study provides a molecular basis for elucidating human SC ceramide diversity and the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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15
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Zwara A, Wertheim-Tysarowska K, Mika A. Alterations of Ultra Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Hereditary Skin Diseases-Review Article. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:730855. [PMID: 34497816 PMCID: PMC8420999 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.730855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a flexible organ that forms a barrier between the environment and the body's interior; it is involved in the immune response, in protection and regulation, and is a dynamic environment in which skin lipids play an important role in maintaining homeostasis. The different layers of the skin differ in both the composition and amount of lipids. The epidermis displays the best characteristics in this respect. The main lipids in this layer are cholesterol, fatty acids (FAs) and ceramides. FAs can occur in free form and as components of complex molecules. The most poorly characterized FAs are very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and ultra long-chain fatty acids (ULCFAs). VLCFAs and ULCFAs are among the main components of ceramides and are part of the free fatty acid (FFA) fraction. They are most abundant in the brain, liver, kidneys, and skin. VLCFAs and ULCFAs are responsible for the rigidity and impermeability of membranes, forming the mechanically and chemically strong outer layer of cell membranes. Any changes in the composition and length of the carbon chains of FAs result in a change in their melting point and therefore a change in membrane permeability. One of the factors causing a decrease in the amount of VLCFAs and ULCFAs is an improper diet. Another much more important factor is mutations in the genes which code proteins involved in the metabolism of VLCFAs and ULCFAs—regarding their elongation, their attachment to ceramides and their transformation. These mutations have their clinical consequences in the form of inborn errors in metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders, among others. Some of them are accompanied by skin symptoms such as ichthyosis and ichthyosiform erythroderma. In the following review, the structure of the skin is briefly characterized and the most important lipid components of the skin are presented. The focus is also on providing an overview of selected proteins involved in the metabolism of VLCFAs and ULCFAs in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zwara
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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16
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Behl T, Sehgal A, Grover M, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Uncurtaining the pivotal role of ABC transporters in diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41533-41551. [PMID: 34085197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders are the edge points for the initiation of various diseases. These disorders comprised of several diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Worldwide, the prevalence of these disorders is increasing day by day. The world's population is at higher threat of developing metabolic disease, especially diabetes. Therefore, there is an impregnable necessity of searching for a newer therapeutic target to reduce the burden of these disorders. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked with the dysregulated insulin secretion and resistance. The lipid and glucose transporters portray a pivotal role in the metabolism and transport of both of these. The excess production of lipid and glucose and decreased clearance of these leads to the emergence of DM. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCT) are important for the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Various studies suggest the key involvement of ABCT in the pathologic process of different diseases. In addition, the involvement of other pathways, including IGF signaling, P13-Akt/PKC/MAPK signaling, and GLP-1 via regulation of ABCT, may help develop new treatment strategies to cope with insulin resistance dysregulated glucose metabolism, key features in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhuri Grover
- BS Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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17
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Lam BWS, Yam TYA, Chen CP, Lai MKP, Ong WY, Herr DR. The noncanonical chronicles: Emerging roles of sphingolipid structural variants. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109890. [PMID: 33359087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SPs) are structurally diverse and represent one of the most quantitatively abundant classes of lipids in mammalian cells. In addition to their structural roles, many SP species are known to be bioactive mediators of essential cellular processes. Historically, studies have focused on SP species that contain the canonical 18‑carbon, mono-unsaturated sphingoid backbone. However, increasingly sensitive analytical technologies, driven by advances in mass spectrometry, have facilitated the identification of previously under-appreciated, molecularly distinct SP species. Many of these less abundant species contain noncanonical backbones. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have identified clinical associations between these noncanonical SPs and disease, suggesting that there is functional significance to the alteration of SP backbone structure. For example, associations have been found between SP chain length and cardiovascular disease, pain, diabetes, and dementia. This review will provide an overview of the processes that are known to regulate noncanonical SP accumulation, describe the clinical correlations reported for these molecules, and review the experimental evidence for the potential functional implications of their dysregulation. It is likely that further scrutiny of noncanonical SPs may provide new insight into pathophysiological processes, serve as useful biomarkers for disease, and lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Yu Amelia Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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