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Taylor JRA, Astbury M, Childers EC, Contractor K, Lin X, Mencarelli J, Prohroff EJ, Tapia K. Time-dependent Changes in Shrimp Armor and Escape Kinematics under Ocean Acidification and Warming. Integr Comp Biol 2024; 64:322-335. [PMID: 38719513 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pandalid shrimp use morphological and behavioral defenses against their numerous fish and invertebrate predators. Their rapid tail-flip escape and rigid exoskeleton armor may be sensitive to changes in ocean temperature and carbon chemistry in ways that alter their efficacy and impact mortality. Here we tested the hypothesis that ocean warming and acidification conditions affect the antipredator defenses of Pandalus gurneyi. To test this hypothesis, we exposed shrimp to a combination of pH (8.0, 7.7, 7.5) and temperature (13°C, 17°C) treatments and assessed their tail-flip escape and exoskeleton armor after short-term (2 weeks) and medium-term (3 months) exposure. Results revealed complex effects on escape kinematics, with changes in different variables explained by either pH, temperature, and/or their interaction; decreased pH, for instance, primarily explains reduced acceleration while cold temperature explains increased flexion duration. Carapace mineral content (Ca and Mg) was unaffected, but warmer temperatures primarily drove enhanced mechanical properties (increased hardness and stiffness). No effects were observed in the stiffness and strength of the rostrum. Furthermore, most of the observed effects were temporary, as they occurred after short-term exposure (2 weeks), but disappeared after longer exposure (3 months). This demonstrates that P. gurneyi defenses are affected by short-term exposure to temperature and pH variations; however, they can acclimate to these conditions over time. Nonetheless, changes in the tail-flip escape kinematics may be disadvantageous when trying to flee predators and the enhanced exoskeleton armor could make them more resistant to predation during short periods of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R A Taylor
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mia Astbury
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Childers
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kanisha Contractor
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinyu Lin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jenna Mencarelli
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elisa J Prohroff
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kendra Tapia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Kelly ERM, Trujillo JE, Setiawan A, Pether S, Burritt D, Allan BJM. Investigating the metabolic and oxidative stress induced by biofouled microplastics exposure in Seriola lalandi (yellowtail kingfish). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116438. [PMID: 38749154 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms quickly colonise microplastics entering the ocean, forming a biofilm that, if ingested, is consumed with the microplastics. Past research often neglects to expose fish to biofouled microplastics, opting only for clean microplastics despite the low likelihood that fish will encounter clean microplastics. Here, we investigate the physiological impacts of biofouled polyethylene microplastic (300-335 μm) exposure in juvenile fish. Intermittent flow respirometry, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation were investigated after fish were exposed to clean, biofouled, or no microplastic beads. Fish exposed to biofouled microplastics had a wider aerobic scope than those exposed to clean microplastics while antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation levels were higher in clean microplastics. Clean microplastic exposure indicated higher fitness costs, potentially due to a nutritional advantage of the biofilm or varying bioavailability. These findings highlight the importance of replicating natural factors in exposure experiments when predicting the impacts of increasing pollutants in marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José E Trujillo
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | | | - David Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, New Zealand
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3
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Zhang J, Wang QH, Miao BB, Wu RX, Li QQ, Tang BG, Liang ZB, Niu SF. Liver transcriptome analysis reveal the metabolic and apoptotic responses of Trachinotus ovatus under acute cold stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109476. [PMID: 38447780 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Trachinotus ovatus is an economically important fish and has been recommended as a high-quality aquaculture fish breed for the high-quality development of sea ranches in the South China Sea. However, T. ovatus shows intolerance to low temperature, greatly limiting the extension of farming scale, reducing production efficiency in winter, and increasing farming risks. In this study, liver transcriptome analysis was investigated in T. ovatus under acute low temperature conditions (20 and 15 °C) using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Inter-groups differential expression analysis and trend analysis screened 1219 DEGs and four significant profiles (profiles 0, 3, 4, and 7), respectively. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly related to metabolic process and cell growth and death process. KEGG enrichment analysis found that DEGs were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell growth and death, such as gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol biosynthesis, p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, protein-protein interaction networks identified two hub genes (FOS and JUNB) and some important genes related to metabolic process and cell growth and death process, that corresponding to enrichment analysis. Overall, gluconeogenesis, lipid mobilization, and fatty acid oxidation in metabolic process and cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in cell growth and death process were enhanced, while glycolysis, liver glycogen synthesis and cholesterol biosynthesis in metabolic process were inhibited. The enhancement or attenuatment of metabolic process and cell growth and death process is conducive to maintain energy balance, normal fluidity of cell membrane, normal physiological functions of liver cell, enhancing the tolerance of T. ovatus to cold stress. These results suggested that metabolic process and cell growth and death process play important roles in response to acute cold stress in the liver of T. ovatus. Gene expreesion level analysis showed that acute cold stress at 15 °C was identified as a critical temperature point for T. ovatus in term of cellular metabolism alteration and apoptosis inducement, and rewarming intervention should be timely implemented above 15 °C. Our study can provide theoretical support for breeding cold-tolerant cultivars of T. ovatus, which is contributed to high-quality productions fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ben-Ben Miao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ren-Xie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Bao-Gui Tang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zhen-Bang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Su-Fang Niu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
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4
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Burggren WW, Mendez-Sanchez JF. "Bet hedging" against climate change in developing and adult animals: roles for stochastic gene expression, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and adaptation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1245875. [PMID: 37869716 PMCID: PMC10588650 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1245875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals from embryos to adults experiencing stress from climate change have numerous mechanisms available for enhancing their long-term survival. In this review we consider these options, and how viable they are in a world increasingly experiencing extreme weather associated with climate change. A deeply understood mechanism involves natural selection, leading to evolution of new adaptations that help cope with extreme and stochastic weather events associated with climate change. While potentially effective at staving off environmental challenges, such adaptations typically occur very slowly and incrementally over evolutionary time. Consequently, adaptation through natural selection is in most instances regarded as too slow to aid survival in rapidly changing environments, especially when considering the stochastic nature of extreme weather events associated with climate change. Alternative mechanisms operating in a much shorter time frame than adaptation involve the rapid creation of alternate phenotypes within a life cycle or a few generations. Stochastic gene expression creates multiple phenotypes from the same genotype even in the absence of environmental cues. In contrast, other mechanisms for phenotype change that are externally driven by environmental clues include well-understood developmental phenotypic plasticity (variation, flexibility), which can enable rapid, within-generation changes. Increasingly appreciated are epigenetic influences during development leading to rapid phenotypic changes that can also immediately be very widespread throughout a population, rather than confined to a few individuals as in the case of favorable gene mutations. Such epigenetically-induced phenotypic plasticity can arise rapidly in response to stressors within a generation or across a few generations and just as rapidly be "sunsetted" when the stressor dissipates, providing some capability to withstand environmental stressors emerging from climate change. Importantly, survival mechanisms resulting from adaptations and developmental phenotypic plasticity are not necessarily mutually exclusive, allowing for classic "bet hedging". Thus, the appearance of multiple phenotypes within a single population provides for a phenotype potentially optimal for some future environment. This enhances survival during stochastic extreme weather events associated with climate change. Finally, we end with recommendations for future physiological experiments, recommending in particular that experiments investigating phenotypic flexibility adopt more realistic protocols that reflect the stochastic nature of weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jose Fernando Mendez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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Lopez LK, Gil MA, Crowley PH, Trimmer PC, Munson A, Ligocki IY, Michelangeli M, Sih A. Integrating animal behaviour into research on multiple environmental stressors: a conceptual framework. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1345-1364. [PMID: 37004993 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
While a large body of research has focused on the physiological effects of multiple environmental stressors, how behavioural and life-history plasticity mediate multiple-stressor effects remains underexplored. Behavioural plasticity can not only drive organism-level responses to stressors directly but can also mediate physiological responses. Here, we provide a conceptual framework incorporating four fundamental trade-offs that explicitly link animal behaviour to life-history-based pathways for energy allocation, shaping the impact of multiple stressors on fitness. We first address how small-scale behavioural changes can either mediate or drive conflicts between the effects of multiple stressors and alternative physiological responses. We then discuss how animal behaviour gives rise to three additional understudied and interrelated trade-offs: balancing the benefits and risks of obtaining the energy needed to cope with stressors, allocation of energy between life-history traits and stressor responses, and larger-scale escape from stressors in space or time via large-scale movement or dormancy. Finally, we outline how these trade-offs interactively affect fitness and qualitative ecological outcomes resulting from multiple stressors. Our framework suggests that explicitly considering animal behaviour should enrich our mechanistic understanding of stressor effects, help explain extensive context dependence observed in these effects, and highlight promising avenues for future empirical and theoretical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Lopez
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Corner Hawkesbury Road & Hainsworth Street, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Michael A Gil
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122/Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Philip H Crowley
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 195 Huguelet Drive, 101 Thomas Hunt Morgan Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | - Pete C Trimmer
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, University Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amelia Munson
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Isaac Y Ligocki
- Department of Biology, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Roddy Science Hall, PO Box 1002, Millersville, PA, 17551, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Marcus Michelangeli
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Kelly ERM, Trujillo JE, Setiawan A, Pether S, Burritt D, Allan BJM. Investigating the impacts of biofouled marine plastic debris on the olfactory behaviour of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115079. [PMID: 37236095 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine microplastics are rapidly colonised by a microbial community which form a biofilm unique from the surrounding seawater that often contains infochemical-producing species associated with food sources. Here, we investigated whether juvenile kingfish (Seriola lalandi) were more attracted to biofouled plastics compared to clean plastics. Plastics were exposed to unfiltered seawater for one month to cultivate a microbial community. An olfactory behavioural experiment showed little difference in their response to the biofilm compared to clean plastic and control treatment. Further, ingestion experiments demonstrated that S. lalandi ingested fewer biofouled microplastics compared to clean microplastics. However, this was likely due to the bioavailability of the biofouled microplastics. This study highlights that while juvenile kingfish will ingest microplastics, they are not more attracted to those with a naturally acquired biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José E Trujillo
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | | | - David Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, New Zealand
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7
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Moore B, Jolly J, Izumiyama M, Kawai E, Ryu T, Ravasi T. Clownfish larvae exhibit faster growth, higher metabolic rates and altered gene expression under future ocean warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162296. [PMID: 36801344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing ocean temperatures have been demonstrated to have a range of negative impacts on coral reef fishes. However, despite a wealth of studies of juvenile/adult reef fish, studies of how early developmental stages respond to ocean warming are limited. As overall population persistence is influenced by the development of early life stages, detailed studies of larval responses to ocean warming are essential. Here, in an aquaria-based study we investigate how temperatures associated with future warming and present-day marine heatwaves (+3 °C) impact the growth, metabolic rate, and transcriptome of 6 discrete developmental stages of clownfish larvae (Amphiprion ocellaris). A total of 6 clutches of larvae were assessed, with 897 larvae imaged, 262 larvae undergoing metabolic testing and 108 larvae subject to transcriptome sequencing. Our results show that larvae reared at +3 °C grow and develop significantly faster and exhibit higher metabolic rates than those in control conditions. Finally, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underpinning the response of larvae from different developmental stages to higher temperatures, with genes associated with metabolism, neurotransmission, heat stress and epigenetic reprogramming differentially expressed at +3 °C. Overall, these results indicate that clownfish development could be altered under future warming, with developmental rate, metabolic rate, and gene expression all affected. Such changes may lead to altered larval dispersal, changes in settlement time and increased energetic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Moore
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Jolly
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Michael Izumiyama
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Erina Kawai
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Taewoo Ryu
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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8
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Pringle BA, Duncan MI, Winkler AC, Mafwila S, Jagger C, McKeown NJ, Shaw PW, Henriques R, Potts WM. Ocean warming favours a northern Argyrosomus species over its southern congener, whereas preliminary metabolic evidence suggests that hybridization may promote their adaptation. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad026. [PMID: 37179704 PMCID: PMC10170327 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic-induced climate change is having profound impacts on aquatic ecosystems, and the resilience of fish populations will be determined by their response to these impacts. The northern Namibian coast is an ocean warming hotspot, with temperatures rising faster than the global average. The rapid warming in Namibia has had considerable impacts on marine fauna, such as the southern extension of the distribution of Argyrosomus coronus from southern Angola into northern Namibian waters, where it now overlaps and hybridizes with the closely related Namibian species, A. inodorus. Understanding how these species (and their hybrids) perform at current and future temperatures is vital to optimize adaptive management for Argyrosomus species. Intermittent flow-through respirometry was used to quantify standard and maximum metabolic rates for Argyrosomus individuals across a range of temperatures. The modelled aerobic scope (AS) of A. inodorus was notably higher at cooler temperatures (12, 15, 18 and 21°C) compared with that of A. coronus, whereas the AS was similar at 24°C. Although only five hybrids were detected and three modelled, their AS was in the upper bounds of the models at 15, 18 and 24°C. These findings suggest that the warming conditions in northern Namibia may increasingly favour A. coronus and promote the poleward movement of the leading edge of their southern distribution. In contrast, the poor aerobic performance of both species at cold temperatures (12°C) suggests that the cold water associated with the permanent Lüderitz Upwelling Cell in the south may constrain both species to central Namibia. This is most concerning for A. inodorus because it may be subjected to a considerable coastal squeeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Pringle
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
- Advance Africa Management Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Murray I Duncan
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
- University of Seychelles and Blue Economy Research Institute, Anse Royale, Mahe, Seychelles
| | - Alexander C Winkler
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Samuel Mafwila
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Sam Nujoma Campus, University of Namibia, Henties Bay, Namibia
| | - Charmaine Jagger
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Sam Nujoma Campus, University of Namibia, Henties Bay, Namibia
- Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Swakopmund, Namibia
| | - Niall J McKeown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Paul W Shaw
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Romina Henriques
- Marine Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Warren M Potts
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
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Chen B, Zhou Z, Shi Y, Gong J, Li C, Zhou T, Li Y, Zhang D, Xu P. Genome-wide evolutionary signatures of climate adaptation in spotted sea bass inhabiting different latitudinal regions. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1029-1043. [PMID: 37216029 PMCID: PMC10197228 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Consideration of the thermal adaptation of species is essential in both evolutionary biology and climate-change biology because it frequently leads to latitudinal gradients of various phenotypes among populations. The spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) has a broad latitudinal distribution range along the marginal seas of the Northwest Pacific and thus provides an excellent teleost model for population genetic and climate adaptation studies. We generated over 8.57 million SNP loci using whole-genome resequencing from 100 samples collected at 14 geographic sites (five or ten samples per site). We estimated the genetic structure of the sampled fish and clustered them into three highly differentiated populations. The genetic differentiation pattern estimated by multivariable models combining geographic distance and sea surface temperature differences suggests that isolation by distance and isolation by environment both have significant effects on this species. Further investigation of genome-wide evolutionary signatures of climate adaptation identified many genes related to growth, muscle contraction, and vision that are under positive natural selection. Moreover, the contrasting patterns of natural selection in high-latitude and low-latitude populations prompted different strategies of trade-offs between growth rate and other traits that may play an essential role in adaptation to different local climates. Our results offer an opportunity to better understand the genetic basis of the phenotypic variation in eurythermal fishes inhabiting different climatic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Chengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Dianchang Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Peng Xu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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10
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Dias M, Paula JR, Pousão-Ferreira P, Casal S, Cruz R, Cunha SC, Rosa R, Marques A, Anacleto P, Maulvault AL. Combined effects of climate change and BDE-209 dietary exposure on the behavioural response of the white seabream, Diplodus sargus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163400. [PMID: 37054799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl-ether (BDE-209) is a persistent organic pollutant ubiquitously found in marine environments worldwide. Even though this emerging chemical contaminant is described as highly toxic, bioaccumulative and biomagnifiable, limited studies have addressed the ecotoxicological implications associated with its exposure in non-target marine organisms, particularly from a behavioural standpoint. Alongside, seawater acidification and warming have been intensifying their impacts on marine ecosystems over the years, compromising species welfare and survival. BDE-209 exposure as well as seawater acidification and warming are known to affect fish behaviour, but information regarding their interactive effects is not available. In this study, long-term effects of BDE-209 contamination, seawater acidification and warming were studied on different behavioural traits of Diplodus sargus juveniles. Our results showed that D. sargus exhibited a marked sensitivity in all the behaviour responses after dietary exposure to BDE-209. Fish exposed to BDE-209 alone revealed lower awareness of a risky situation, increased activity, less time spent within the shoal, and reversed lateralization when compared to fish from the Control treatment. However, when acidification and/or warming were added to the equation, behavioural patterns were overall altered. Fish exposed to acidification alone exhibited increased anxiety, being less active, spending more time within the shoal, while presenting a reversed lateralization. Finally, fish exposed to warming alone were more anxious and spent more time within the shoal compared to those of the Control treatment. These novel findings not only confirm the neurotoxicological attributes of brominated flame retardants (like BDE-209), but also highlight the relevance of accounting for the effects of abiotic variables (e.g. pH and seawater temperature) when investigating the impacts of environmental contaminants on marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dias
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José Ricardo Paula
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Cruz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Anacleto
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Maulvault
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Heuer RM, Wang Y, Pasparakis C, Zhang W, Scholey V, Margulies D, Grosell M. Effects of elevated CO 2 on metabolic rate and nitrogenous waste handling in the early life stages of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 280:111398. [PMID: 36775093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is predicted to have a wide range of impacts on fish, but there has been little focus on broad-ranging pelagic fish species. Early life stages of fish are thought to be particularly susceptible to CO2 exposure, since acid-base regulatory faculties may not be fully developed. We obtained yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from a captive spawning broodstock population and exposed them to control or 1900 μatm CO2 through the first three days of development as embryos transitioned into yolk sac larvae. Metabolic rate, yolk sac depletion, and oil globule depletion were measured to assess overall energy usage. To determine if CO2 altered protein catabolism, tissue nitrogen content and nitrogenous waste excretion were quantified. CO2 exposure did not significantly impact embryonic metabolic rate, yolk sac depletion, or oil globule depletion, however, there was a significant decrease in metabolic rate at the latest measured yolk sac larval stage (36 h post fertilization). CO2-exposure led to a significant increase in nitrogenous waste excretion in larvae, but there were no differences in nitrogen tissue accumulation. Nitrogenous waste accumulated in embryos as they developed but decreased after hatch, coinciding with a large increase in nitrogenous waste excretion and increased metabolic rate in newly hatched larvae. Our results provide insight into how yellowfin tuna are impacted by increases in CO2 in early development, but more research with higher levels of replication is needed to better understand long-term impacts and acid-base regulatory mechanisms in this important pelagic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Heuer
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - Yadong Wang
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA. https://twitter.com/ChristinaP47
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Vernon Scholey
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, Achotines Laboratory, Las Tablas, Los Santos Province, Panama
| | - Daniel Margulies
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA. https://twitter.com/MartinGrosell
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12
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Wu YY, Cheng CX, Yang L, Ye QQ, Li WH, Jiang JY. Characterization of Gut Microbiome in the Mud Snail Cipangopaludina cathayensis in Response to High-Temperature Stress. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182361. [PMID: 36139220 PMCID: PMC9494996 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study investigated the effects of high-temperature stress on the intestinal microbiome of Cipangopaludina cathayensis. High-temperature exposure significantly changed the intestinal microbiota structure of C. cathayensis. The relative abundance of putatively beneficial bacteria decreased, whereas the relative abundance of putatively pathogenic bacteria increased after thermal stress. Consistent with the trends of change in the intestinal microbiota, the high-temperature treatment inhibited some carbohydrate metabolism pathways and induced certain disease-related pathways. Thermal stress disrupts the homeostasis of gut microbiota, which may lead to disease outbreak in C. cathayensis. Abstract The mud snail Cipangopaludina cathayensis is a widely distributed species in China. Particularly in Guangxi province, mud snail farming contributes significantly to the economic development. However, global warming in recent decades poses a serious threat to global aquaculture production. The rising water temperature is harmful to aquatic animals. The present study explored the effects of high temperature on the intestinal microbiota of C. cathayensis. Snail intestinal samples were collected from the control and high-temperature groups on days 3 and 7 to determine the gut microbiota composition and diversity. Gut bacterial community composition was investigated using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Our results suggested that thermal stress altered the gut microbiome structure of C. cathayensis. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were dominant in C. cathayensis gut microbiota. The T2 treatment (32 ± 1 °C, day 7) significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus. In T2, the abundance of several genera of putatively beneficial bacteria (Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Rhodobacter, and Bacteroides) decreased, whereas the abundance of Halomonas—a pathogenic bacterial genus—increased. The functional prediction results indicated that T2 treatment inhibited some carbohydrate metabolism pathways and induced certain disease-related pathways (e.g., those related to systemic lupus erythematosus, Vibrio cholerae infection, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and shigellosis). Thus, high temperature profoundly affected the community structure and function of C. cathayensis gut microbiota. The results provide insights into the mechanisms associated with response of C. cathayensis intestinal microbiota to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chun-Xing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Quan-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (W.-H.L.); (J.-Y.J.); Tel.: +86-159-9447-9761 (W.-H.L.); +86-183-7830-1237 (J.-Y.J.)
| | - Jiao-Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: (W.-H.L.); (J.-Y.J.); Tel.: +86-159-9447-9761 (W.-H.L.); +86-183-7830-1237 (J.-Y.J.)
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13
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Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Fish Larvae and Juveniles in the Waters around Taiwan from 2007 to 2019. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151890. [PMID: 35892540 PMCID: PMC9331196 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fish larvae and juveniles are necessary fishery recruitment resources. As climate change and natural climate events continue to impact marine ecology, it may become difficult to determine the characteristics of changes in fish larvae and juveniles. Using samples and data from long-term marine experimental monitoring, we found a high diversity of fish larvae and juveniles in the waters around Taiwan, and the abundance of different fish species varied spatially and seasonally. We also found that distance from the coastline and topography were the key factors affecting the community of fish larvae and juveniles. By presenting these data as times series, we confirmed that 2009 was a critical year for regime change between fish larvae and juveniles in different depth zones. The year also happened to include Taiwan’s worst typhoon on record. These results emphasize the need to conduct more detailed research to prevent predictable and unpredictable shocks. Abstract Taiwan is located at the intersection of tropical and subtropical islands in the western Pacific Ocean. This area is an important spawning and breeding ground for many economic and noneconomic species; however, little is known about the long-term dynamics of fish larvae and juveniles in these waters. In this study, we conducted an in-depth exploration of their spatial characteristics using 2007–2019 field survey samples. Our results demonstrated the seasonality and spatiality of the larvae and juveniles of different fish species. We also found that the continental shelf and offshore distance were key factors affecting fish larvae and juveniles. Changes in community structure were temporally correlated with the extreme rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (the worst typhoon ever recorded in Taiwan). These data can be used as a management reference for fisheries’ policymaking and provide key insights into nearby marine ecosystems and the early life history of fish.
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14
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Di Santo V. EcoPhysioMechanics: Integrating energetics and biomechanics to understand fish locomotion under climate change. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:icac095. [PMID: 35759407 PMCID: PMC9494520 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological physiologists and biomechanists have been broadly investigating swimming performance in a diversity of fishes, however the connection between form, function and energetics of locomotion has been rarely evaluated in the same system and under climate change scenarios. In this perspective I argue that working within the framework of 'EcoPhysioMechanics', i.e., integrating energetics and biomechanics tools, to measure locomotor performance and behavior under different abiotic factors, improves our understanding of the mechanisms, limits and costs of movement. To demonstrate how ecophysiomechanics can be applied to locomotor studies, I outline how linking biomechanics and physiology allows us to understand how fishes may modulate their movement to achieve high speeds or reduce the costs of locomotion. I also discuss how the framework is necessary to quantify swimming capacity under climate change scenarios. Finally, I discuss current dearth of integrative studies and gaps in empirical datasets that are necessary to understand fish swimming under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Santo
- Division of Functional Morphology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 11419 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Almeida J, Lopes AR, Ribeiro L, Castanho S, Candeias-Mendes A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Faria AM. Effects of exposure to elevated temperature and different food levels on the escape response and metabolism of early life stages of white seabream, Diplodus sargus. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac023. [PMID: 35586725 PMCID: PMC9109722 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that anthropogenic stressors can disrupt ecologically relevant behaviours in fish, such as the ability to escape from predators. Disruption of these behaviours at critical life history transitions, such as the transition from the pelagic environment to the juvenile/adult habitat, may have even greater repercussions. The literature suggests that an increase in temperature can affect fish escape response, as well as metabolism; however, few studies have focused on the acute sensitivity responses and the potential for acclimation through developmental plasticity. Here, we aimed at evaluating the acute and long-term effects of exposure to warming conditions on the escape response and routine metabolic rate (RMR) of early life stages of the white seabream, Diplodus sargus. Additionally, as food availability may modulate the response to warming, we further tested the effects of long-term exposure to high temperature and food shortage, as individual and interacting drivers, on escape response and RMR. Temperature treatments were adjusted to ambient temperature (19°C) and a high temperature (22°C). Feeding treatments were established as high ration and low ration (50% of high ration). Escape response and RMR were measured after the high temperature was reached (acute exposure) and after 4 weeks (prolonged exposure). Acute warming had a significant effect on escape response and generated an upward trend in RMR. In the long term, however, there seems to be an acclimation of the escape response and RMR. Food shortage, interacting with high temperature, led to an increase in latency response and a significant reduction in RMR. The current study provides relevant experimental data on fishes' behavioural and physiological responses to the combined effects of multiple stressors. This knowledge can be incorporated in recruitment models, thereby contributing to fine-tuning of models required for fisheries management and species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Almeida
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 8700-194, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sara Castanho
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Candeias-Mendes
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana M Faria
- Corresponding author: MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal. Tel: + 351 218 811 700. E-mail:
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16
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Baag S, Mandal S. Combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on marine fish and shellfish: A molecule to ecosystem perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149807. [PMID: 34450439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is expected that by 2050 human population will exceed nine billion leading to increased pressure on marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is conjectured various levels of ecosystem functioning starting from individual to population-level, species distribution, food webs and trophic interaction dynamics will be severely jeopardized in coming decades. Ocean warming and acidification are two prime threats to marine biota, yet studies about their cumulative effect on marine fish and shellfishes are still in its infancy. This review assesses existing information regarding the interactive effects of global environmental factors like warming and acidification in the perspective of marine capture fisheries and aquaculture industry. As climate change continues, distribution pattern of species is likely to be altered which will impact fisheries and fishing patterns. Our work is an attempt to compile the existing literatures in the biological perspective of the above-mentioned stressors and accentuate a clear outline of knowledge in this subject. We reviewed studies deciphering the biological consequences of warming and acidification on fish and shellfishes in the light of a molecule to ecosystem perspective. Here, for the first time impacts of these two global environmental drivers are discussed in a holistic manner taking into account growth, survival, behavioural response, prey predator dynamics, calcification, biomineralization, reproduction, physiology, thermal tolerance, molecular level responses as well as immune system and disease susceptibility. We suggest urgent focus on more robust, long term, comprehensive and ecologically realistic studies that will significantly contribute to the understanding of organism's response to climate change for sustainable capture fisheries and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Baag
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
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17
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Effects of Different Temperatures on the Antibacterial, Immune and Growth Performance of Crucian Carp Epidermal Mucus. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fish is one of the important sources of energy and protein, and proper water temperature is key to successful fish breeding. The authors of this study evaluated crucian carp growth, mucus antibacterial properties, and immune indicators at 17, 21, 24, 27, and 31 °C. The results indicated that in the range of 17–31 °C, the resistance of epidermal mucus to Vibrio harveyi decreased with temperature rising. At 24 and 27 °C, the activities of lysozyme and catalase significantly increased; alkaline phosphatase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and total protein concentration first increased and then decreased with rising temperature; the highest values were observed at 24 °C, with increases of 56.55%, 26.64%, and 44.52%, respectively, compared to those under the 17 °C treatment. When the treatment reached 27 °C, the temperature had an effect on the growth and antibacterial properties of crucian carp, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced. At temperatures of 17–24 °C, the survival rate of crucian carp could reach more than 93%, and at the temperature of 24 °C, the specific growth rate reached the highest value of 43.29%. Therefore, the most favorable temperature for the long-term breeding of crucian carp was found to be 24 °C. This study provides a favorable experimental basis for the establishment of intelligent aquaculture systems and the setting of water environment parameters.
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18
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Experimental Studies on the Impact of the Projected Ocean Acidification on Fish Survival, Health, Growth, and Meat Quality; Black Sea Bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii), Physiological and Histological Studies. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113119. [PMID: 34827851 PMCID: PMC8614255 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study’s data suggest that under the projected scenarios of ocean acidification by 2100 and beyond, significant negative impacts on growth, health, and meat quality are expected, particularly on black sea bream, and will be susceptible to the scientifically approved fish having a weaker resistance to diseases and environmental changes if CO2 emissions in the atmosphere are not curbed. Knowing the expected consequences, mitigation measures are urgently needed. Abstract Acidification (OA), a global threat to the world’s oceans, is projected to significantly grow if CO2 continues to be emitted into the atmosphere at high levels. This will result in a slight decrease in pH. Since the latter is a logarithmic scale of acidity, the higher acidic seawater is expected to have a tremendous impact on marine living resources in the long-term. An 8-week laboratory experiment was designed to assess the impact of the projected pH in 2100 and beyond on fish survival, health, growth, and fish meat quality. Two projected scenarios were simulated with the control treatment, in triplicates. The control treatment had a pH of 8.10, corresponding to a pCO2 of 321.37 ± 11.48 µatm. The two projected scenarios, named Predict_A and Predict_B, had pH values of 7.80-pCO2 = 749.12 ± 27.03 and 7.40-pCO2 = 321.37 ± 11.48 µatm, respectively. The experiment was preceded by 2 weeks of acclimation. After the acclimation, 20 juvenile black sea breams (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) of 2.72 ± 0.01 g were used per tank. This species has been selected mainly due to its very high resistance to diseases and environmental changes, assuming that a weaker fish resistance will also be susceptibly affected. In all tanks, the fish were fed with the same commercial diet. The seawater’s physicochemical parameters were measured daily. Fish samples were subjected to physiological, histological, and biochemical analyses. Fish growth, feeding efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and crude protein content were significantly decreased with a lower pH. Scanning electron microscopy revealed multiple atrophies of microvilli throughout the small intestine’s brush border in samples from Predict_A and Predict_B. This significantly reduced nutrient absorption, resulting in significantly lower feed efficiency, lower fish growth, and lower meat quality. As a result of an elevated pCO2 in seawater, the fish eat more than normal but grow less than normal. Liver observation showed blood congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis, vacuolation of hepatocytes, and an increased number of Kupffer cells, which characterize liver damage. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an elongated and angular shape of the mitochondrion in the liver cell, with an abundance of peroxisomes, symptomatic of metabolic acidosis.
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19
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Suriyampola PS, Lopez M, Suárez-Rodríguez M, Ellsworth BE, Conroy-Ben O, Martins EP. Co-occurring environmental stressors have emerging impacts on sensory-motor behavior. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1191-1201. [PMID: 34086909 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities often lead to alterations in the natural environment via multiple routes. Simultaneous occurrence of interacting environmental perturbations may influence animals via more complex pathways than when being exposed to environmental stressors discretely. In our study, we investigated the interactive effects of poor visual environment and exposure to an environmentally realistic concentration of a common contaminant on the behavior of larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. Specifically, we tested the sensory-motor behavior of zebrafish larvae by exposing them to low-light conditions and a low concentration of Bisphenol-A (BPA) for 7 days post-fertilization. We found that zebrafish exposed to both BPA and low-light conditions had significantly weaker response to a moving-visual cue. However, those exposed to only one of these treatments did not have altered response to visual cues. Since the response to a moving, visual cue involves locomotion, we also examined the distance they traveled as a proxy for activity level of individuals across treatments. However, the distance traveled by individuals did not significantly differ across treatments, suggesting that the differences in response are linked to visual sensory pathways. Here, we emphasize that the adverse effects of environmental stressors, particularly of those that occur at environmentally relevant concentrations, may emerge only when they co-occur with another environmental stressor. These findings highlight the need to incorporate multiple environmental stressors to comprehensively assess impacts that human activities have on behavioral strategies of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Lopez
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Otakuye Conroy-Ben
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Emília P Martins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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20
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Zhong J, Guo Y, Liang Z, Huang Q, Lu H, Pan J, Li P, Jin P, Xia J. Adaptation of a marine diatom to ocean acidification and warming reveals constraints and trade-offs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145167. [PMID: 33736151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming are recognized as two major anthropogenic perturbations of the modern ocean. However, little is known about the adaptive response of phytoplankton to them. Here we examine the adaptation of a marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii to ocean acidification in combination with ocean warming. Our results show that ocean warming have a greater effect than acidification on the growth of T. weissflogii over the long-term selection experiment (~380 generations), as well as many temperature response traits (e.g., optimum temperatures for photosynthesis, maximal net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates, activation energy) in thermal reaction norm. These results suggest that ocean warming is the main driver for the evolution of the marine diatom T. weissflogii, rather than oceanacidification. However, the evolution resulting from warming can be constrained by ocean acidification, where ocean warming did not impose any effects at high CO2 level. Furthermore, adaptations to ocean warming alone or to the combination of ocean acidification and warming come with trade-offs by inhibiting photochemical performances. The constrains and trade-offs associated with the adaptation to ocean acidification and warming demonstrated in this study, should be considered for parameterizing evolutionary responses in eco-evolutionary models of phytoplankton dynamics in a future ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Illing B, Severati A, Hochen J, Boyd P, Raison P, Mather R, Downie AT, Rummer JL, Kroon FJ, Humphrey C. Automated flow control of a multi-lane swimming chamber for small fishes indicates species-specific sensitivity to experimental protocols. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coaa131. [PMID: 33659062 PMCID: PMC7905161 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In fishes, swimming performance is considered an important metric to measure fitness, dispersal and migratory abilities. The swimming performance of individual larval fishes is often integrated into models to make inferences on how environmental parameters affect population-level dynamics (e.g. connectivity). However, little information exists regarding how experimental protocols affect the swimming performance of marine fish larvae. In addition, the technical setups used to measure larval fish swimming performance often lack automation and accurate control of water quality parameters and flow velocity. In this study, we automated the control of multi-lane swimming chambers for small fishes by developing an open-source algorithm. This automation allowed us to execute repeatable flow scenarios and reduce operator interference and inaccuracies in flow velocity typically associated with manual control. Furthermore, we made structural modifications to a prior design to reduce the areas of lower flow velocity. We then validated the flow dynamics of the new chambers using computational fluid dynamics and particle-tracking software. The algorithm provided an accurate alignment between the set and measured flow velocities and we used it to test whether faster critical swimming speed (U crit) protocols (i.e. shorter time intervals and higher velocity increments) would increase U crit of early life stages of two tropical fish species [4-10-mm standard length (SL)]. The U crit of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and cinnamon anemonefish (Amphiprion melanopus) increased linearly with fish length, but in cinnamon anemonefish, U crit started to decrease upon metamorphosis. Swimming protocols using longer time intervals (more than 2.5 times increase) negatively affected U crit in cinnamon anemonefish but not in barramundi. These species-specific differences in swimming performance highlight the importance of testing suitable U crit protocols prior to experimentation. The automated control of flow velocity will create more accurate and repeatable data on swimming performance of larval fishes. Integrating refined measurements into individual-based models will support future research on the effects of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Illing
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Andrea Severati
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Justin Hochen
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Paul Boyd
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Paulin Raison
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Engineering, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Mather
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Adam T Downie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Frederieke J Kroon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
- Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Craig Humphrey
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
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22
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Hannan KD, McMahon SJ, Munday PL, Rummer JL. Contrasting effects of constant and fluctuating pCO 2 conditions on the exercise physiology of coral reef fishes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33316710 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to affect the physiology of some fishes. To date, most studies have investigated this issue using stable pCO2 levels based on open ocean projections. Yet, most shallow, nearshore systems experience temporal and spatial pCO2 fluctuations. For example, pCO2 on coral reefs is highest at night and lowest during the day, but as OA progresses, both the average pCO2 and magnitude of fluctuations are expected to increase. We exposed four coral reef fishes - Lutjanus fulviflamma, Caesio cuning, Abudefduf whitleyi, and Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus - to ambient, stable elevated, or fluctuating elevated pCO2 conditions for 9-11 days. Then, we measured swimming performance, oxygen uptake rates, and haematological parameters during the day and at night. When compared to ambient pCO2 conditions, L. fulviflamma, C. cuning, and A. whitleyi exposed to fluctuating elevated pCO2 increased swimming performance, maximum oxygen uptake rates, and aerobic scope, regardless of time of day; whereas, the only nocturnal species studied, C. quinquelineatus, decreased maximum oxygen uptake rates and aerobic scope. Our findings suggest that exposure to fluctuating or stable elevated pCO2 can physiologically benefit some coral reef fishes; however, other species, such as the cardinalfish examined here, may be more sensitive to future OA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Hannan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Shannon J McMahon
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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23
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The power struggle: assessing interacting global change stressors via experimental studies on sharks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19887. [PMID: 33199809 PMCID: PMC7669887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification act concurrently on marine ectotherms with the potential for detrimental, synergistic effects; yet, effects of these stressors remain understudied in large predatory fishes, including sharks. We tested for behavioural and physiological responses of blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) neonates to climate change relevant changes in temperature (28 and 31 °C) and carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO2; 650 and 1050 µatm) using a fully factorial design. Behavioural assays (lateralisation, activity level) were conducted upon 7–13 days of acclimation, and physiological assays (hypoxia tolerance, oxygen uptake rates, acid–base and haematological status) were conducted upon 14–17 days of acclimation. Haematocrit was higher in sharks acclimated to 31 °C than to 28 °C. Significant treatment effects were also detected for blood lactate and minimum oxygen uptake rate; although, these observations were not supported by adequate statistical power. Inter-individual variability was considerable for all measured traits, except for haematocrit. Moving forward, studies on similarly ‘hard-to-study’ species may account for large inter-individual variability by increasing replication, testing larger, yet ecologically relevant, differences in temperature and pCO2, and reducing measurement error. Robust experimental studies on elasmobranchs are critical to meaningfully assess the threat of global change stressors in these data-deficient species.
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24
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Hannan KD, Munday PL, Rummer JL. The effects of constant and fluctuating elevated pCO 2 levels on oxygen uptake rates of coral reef fishes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140334. [PMID: 32603942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification, resulting from increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, can affect the physiological performance of some fishes. Most studies investigating ocean acidification have used stable pCO2 treatments based on open ocean predictions. However, nearshore systems can experience substantial spatial and temporal variations in pCO2. Notably, coral reefs are known to experience diel fluctuations in pCO2, which are expected to increase on average and in magnitude in the future. Though we know these variations exist, relatively few studies have included fluctuating treatments when examining the effects of ocean acidification conditions on coral reef species. To address this, we exposed two species of damselfishes, Amblyglyphidodon curacao and Acanthochromis polyacanthus, to ambient pCO2, a stable elevated pCO2 treatment, and two fluctuating pCO2 treatments (increasing and decreasing) over an 8 h period. Oxygen uptake rates were measured both while fish were swimming and resting at low-speed. These 8 h periods were followed by an exhaustive swimming test (Ucrit) and blood draw examining swimming metrics and haematological parameters contributing to oxygen transport. When A. polyacanthus were exposed to stable pCO2 conditions (ambient or elevated), they required more energy during the 8 h trial regardless of swimming type than fish exposed to either of the fluctuating pCO2 treatments (increasing or decreasing). These results were reflected in the oxygen uptake rates during the Ucrit tests, where fish exposed to fluctuating pCO2 treatments had a higher factorial aerobic scope than fish exposed to stable pCO2 treatments. By contrast, A. curacao showed no effect of pCO2 treatment on swimming or oxygen uptake metrics. Our results show that responses to stable versus fluctuating pCO2 differ between species - what is stressful for one species many not be stressful for another. Such asymmetries may have population- and community-level impacts under higher more variable pCO2 conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Hannan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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25
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Parsons DM, Bian R, McKenzie JR, McMahon SJ, Pether S, Munday PL. An uncertain future: Effects of ocean acidification and elevated temperature on a New Zealand snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) population. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105089. [PMID: 32738554 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are warming and acidifying Earth's oceans, which is likely to lead to a variety of effects on marine ecosystems. Fish populations will be vulnerable to this change, and there is now substantial evidence of the direct and indirect effects of climate change on fish. There is also a growing effort to conceptualise the effects of climate change on fish within population models. In the present study knowledge about the response of New Zealand snapper to warming and acidification was incorporated within a stock assessment model. Specifically, a previous tank experiment on larval snapper suggested both positive and negative effects, and otolith increment analysis on wild snapper indicated that growth may initially increase, followed by a potential decline as temperatures continue to warm. As a result of this uncertainty, sensitivity analysis was performed by varying average virgin recruitment (R0) by ±30%, adult growth by ±6%, but adjusting mean size at recruitment by +48% as we had better evidence for this increase. Overall adjustments to R0 had the biggest impact on the future yield (at a management target of 40% of an unfished population) of the Hauraki Gulf snapper fishery. The most negative scenario suggested a 29% decrease in fishery yield, while the most optimistic scenario suggested a 44% increase. While largely uncertain, these results provide some scope for predicting future impacts on the snapper fishery. Given that snapper is a species where the response to climate change has been specifically investigated, increasing uncertainty in a future where climate change and other stressors interact in complex and unpredictable ways is likely to be an important consideration for the management of nearly all fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Parsons
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Richard Bian
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy R McKenzie
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shannon J McMahon
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven Pether
- Northland Marine Research Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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26
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McMahon SJ, Parsons DM, Donelson JM, Pether SMJ, Munday PL. Elevated temperature and CO 2 have positive effects on the growth and survival of larval Australasian snapper. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105054. [PMID: 32823176 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rising water temperature and increased uptake of CO2 by the ocean are predicted to have widespread impacts on marine species. However, the effects are likely to vary, depending on a species' sensitivity and the geographical location of the population. Here, we investigated the potential effects of elevated temperature and pCO2 on larval growth and survival in a New Zealand population of the Australasian snapper, Chrysophyrs auratus. Eggs and larvae were reared in a fully cross-factored experiment (18 °C and 22 °C/pCO2 440 and 1040 μatm) to 16 days post hatch (dph). Morphologies at 1 dph and 16 dph were significantly affected by temperature, but not CO2. At 1dph, larvae at 22 °C were longer (7%) and had larger muscle depth at vent (14%), but had reduced yolk (65%) and oil globule size (16%). Reduced yolk reserves in recently hatched larvae suggests higher metabolic demands in warmer water. At 16 dph, larvae at elevated temperature were longer (12%) and muscle depth at vent was larger (64%). Conversely, survival was primarily affected by CO2 rather than temperature. Survivorship at 1 dph and 16 dph was 24% and 54% higher, respectively, under elevated CO2 compared with ambient conditions. Elevated temperature increased survival (24%) at 1 dph, but not at 16 dph. These results suggest that projected climate change scenarios may have an overall positive effect on early life history growth and survival in this population of C. auratus. This could benefit recruitment success, but needs to be weighed against negative effects of elevated CO2 on metabolic rates and swimming performance observed in other studies on the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J McMahon
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Darren M Parsons
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer M Donelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Steve M J Pether
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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27
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Li YF, Yang XY, Cheng ZY, Wang LY, Wang WX, Liang X, Yang JL. Near-future levels of ocean temperature weaken the byssus production and performance of the mussel Mytilus coruscus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139347. [PMID: 32446082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine mussels are key ecological engineers that form dense aggregations to maintain the vital habitat in benthic systems. It is essential to understand the consequences of mussel byssus attachment in elevated temperatures associated with ocean warming. We evaluated byssus production and the mechanical performance of threads in the mussel Mytilus coruscus at 21° (control), 27 °C (average temperature in the M. coruscus habitat during the summer season) and 31 °C (4 °C raised) for 72 h. We quantified byssus secretion and shedding number, measured byssal breaking force, byssal polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, byssal thread length and diameter. Expression of byssus foot protein genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR in foot tissue. High seawater temperature decreased the number of newly secreted byssus and the diameter of byssal threads, leading to the reduction of byssal breaking force and the alteration of the weakest part of the thread. Increased breakpoints in the upper part of the thread (proximal region) were higher at 27 °C than at 21 °C. High-temperature stress significantly reduced the PPO activity in byssus at 31 °C in comparison to 21 °C. The expression of mussel foot protein genes was affected by elevated temperature. The increased gene expression of byssus collagen-like protein 2 (Mccol2) at 31 °C conflicted with the number of byssuses produced. Suggesting the reduction of mussel foot protein abundance is not the cause of decreased byssus production at 31 °C. These results show that byssus, as an extracellular structure of mussels, may be highly susceptible to the adverse effects of ocean warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Cheng
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Yu Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
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28
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Pagliaro MD, Knouft JH. Differential effects of the urban heat island on thermal responses of freshwater fishes from unmanaged and managed systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138084. [PMID: 32224401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A lack of understanding exists regarding how freshwater species will respond to increases in temperature associated with ongoing changes in climate. Non-urban to urban thermal gradients generated by urban heat islands can serve as models to characterize the effects of relatively consistent increases in temperature on freshwater ecosystems over several decades. This study investigates the apparent responses of two freshwater fish species, Campostoma anomalum (Central Stoneroller) and Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill), to directional changes in temperature over the past century across the non-urban to urban gradient in the Saint Louis, Missouri region in the central United States. Differences in air temperature across this gradient have increased by approximately 3 °C since 1920. Critical thermal maximum (CTMax) assays were conducted on individuals from fish populations across this gradient from either streams (C. anomalum) or ponds (L. macrochirus) to assess whether thermal tolerance is associated with water temperature among sites. According to expectations based on the effect of an urban heat island, maximum water temperature at stream sites was positively correlated with percent urban landcover around the sites. Moreover, CTMax among populations of C. anomalum was positively correlated with maximum water temperature at each site, suggesting that this species has likely responded to increases in temperature over the past several decades. There was no relationship between percent urban landcover and maximum water temperature in the pond systems. There was also no relationship between CTMax and maximum water temperature among L. macrochirus populations. The pond systems and populations of L. macrochirus are highly managed, which may limit local physical and biological responses to increases in air temperature. Results suggest that freshwater habitats in urban environments and the species inhabiting these areas are responding differently to recent increases in air temperature, highlighting the complexity of the physical and biological components of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Pagliaro
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jason H Knouft
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
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29
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Jarrold MD, Welch MJ, McMahon SJ, McArley T, Allan BJM, Watson SA, Parsons DM, Pether SMJ, Pope S, Nicol S, Smith N, Herbert N, Munday PL. Elevated CO 2 affects anxiety but not a range of other behaviours in juvenile yellowtail kingfish. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 157:104863. [PMID: 32275516 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated seawater CO2 can cause a range of behavioural impairments in marine fishes. However, most studies to date have been conducted on small benthic species and very little is known about how higher oceanic CO2 levels could affect the behaviour of large pelagic species. Here, we tested the effects of elevated CO2, and where possible the interacting effects of high temperature, on a range of ecologically important behaviours (anxiety, routine activity, behavioural lateralization and visual acuity) in juvenile yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi. Kingfish were reared from the egg stage to 25 days post-hatch in a full factorial design of ambient and elevated CO2 (~500 and ~1000 μatm pCO2) and temperature (21 °C and 25 °C). The effects of elevated CO2 were trait-specific with anxiety the only behaviour significantly affected. Juvenile S. lalandi reared at elevated CO2 spent more time in the dark zone during a standard black-white test, which is indicative of increased anxiety. Exposure to high temperature had no significant effect on any of the behaviours tested. Overall, our results suggest that juvenile S. lalandi are largely behaviourally tolerant to future ocean acidification and warming. Given the ecological and economic importance of large pelagic fish species more studies investigating the effect of future climate change are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Jarrold
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Megan J Welch
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Shannon J McMahon
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Tristan McArley
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Leigh, 0985, New Zealand
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Darren M Parsons
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Leigh, 0985, New Zealand; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M J Pether
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Station Road, Ruakaka, 0116, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Pope
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Nicol
- Insitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Neville Smith
- Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Pacific Community, CPS - B.P, D5 98848, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Neill Herbert
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Leigh, 0985, New Zealand
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
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30
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Two marine natural products, penicillide and verrucarin J, are identified from a chemical genetic screen for neutral lipid accumulation effectors in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2731-2743. [PMID: 32002603 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are a large number of valuable substances in diatoms, such as neutral lipid and pigments. However, due to the lack of clear metabolic pathways, their applications are still limited. Recently, chemical modulators are found to be powerful tools to investigate the metabolic pathways of neutral lipids. Thus, in this study, to identify new neutral lipid accumulation effectors, we screened the natural products that we separated before in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) by using Nile-red staining method. Two compounds, penicillide and verrucarin J which were isolated from two marine fungal strains, were identified to promote neutral lipid accumulation. However, penicillide and verrucarin J were also found to significantly inhibit the growth of P. tricornutum through specifically inhibiting the photosynthesis of P. tricornutum. Quantitative analysis results showed that penicillide and verrucarin J significantly increased total lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) contents, which are consistent with previous Nile-red staining results. The expression of key genes such as DGAT2D, GPAT2, LPAT2, and PAP involved in TAG synthesis and unsaturated fatty acids also increased after penicillide and verrucarin J treatments. Besides, many TAG-rich plastoglobuli formed in plastids shown by increased lipid droplets in the cytosol. Finally, penicillide and verrucarin J were found to reduce the expression of synthetic genes of fucoxanthin, and consequently reduced the content of fucoxanthin, indicating that there might be crosstalk between lipid metabolism and fucoxanthin metabolism. Thus, our work exhibits two useful compounds that could be used to further study the metabolic pathways of neutral lipid and fucoxanthin, which will fulfill the promise of diatoms as low cost, high value, sustainable feedstock for high-value products such as neutral lipid and pigments.
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31
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Frommel AY, Brauner CJ, Allan BJM, Nicol S, Parsons DM, Pether SMJ, Setiawan AN, Smith N, Munday PL. Organ health and development in larval kingfish are unaffected by ocean acidification and warming. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8266. [PMID: 31844598 PMCID: PMC6911692 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are causing global ocean warming and ocean acidification. The early life stages of some marine fish are vulnerable to elevated ocean temperatures and CO2 concentrations, with lowered survival and growth rates most frequently documented. Underlying these effects, damage to different organs has been found as a response to elevated CO2 in larvae of several species of marine fish, yet the combined effects of acidification and warming on organ health are unknown. Yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, a circumglobal subtropical pelagic fish of high commercial and recreational value, were reared from fertilization under control (21 °C) and elevated (25 °C) temperature conditions fully crossed with control (500 µatm) and elevated (1,000 µatm) pCO2 conditions. Larvae were sampled at 11 days and 21 days post hatch for histological analysis of the eye, gills, gut, liver, pancreas, kidney and liver. Previous work found elevated temperature, but not elevated CO2, significantly reduced larval kingfish survival while increasing growth and developmental rate. The current histological analysis aimed to determine whether there were additional sublethal effects on organ condition and development and whether underlying organ damage could be responsible for the documented effects of temperature on survivorship. While damage to different organs was found in a number of larvae, these effects were not related to temperature and/or CO2 treatment. We conclude that kingfish larvae are generally vulnerable during organogenesis of the digestive system in their early development, but that this will not be exacerbated by near-future ocean warming and acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Y Frommel
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Nicol
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Darren M Parsons
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steve M J Pether
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Alvin N Setiawan
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Neville Smith
- Oceanic Fisheries Program, Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Murray CS, Wiley D, Baumann H. High sensitivity of a keystone forage fish to elevated CO 2 and temperature. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz084. [PMID: 31777661 PMCID: PMC6868386 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sand lances of the genus Ammodytes are keystone forage fish in coastal ecosystems across the northern hemisphere. Because they directly support populations of higher trophic organisms such as whales, seabirds or tuna, the current lack of empirical data and, therefore, understanding about the climate sensitivity of sand lances represent a serious knowledge gap. Sand lances could be particularly susceptible to ocean warming and acidification because, in contrast to other tested fish species, they reproduce during boreal winter months, and their offspring develop slowly under relatively low and stable pCO2 conditions. Over the course of 2 years, we conducted factorial pCO2 × temperature exposure experiments on offspring of the northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius, a key forage species on the northwest Atlantic shelf. Wild, spawning-ripe adults were collected from Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Cape Cod, USA), and fertilized embryos were reared at three pCO2 conditions (400, 1000 and 2100 μatm) crossed with three temperatures (5, 7 and 10 ˚C). Exposure to future pCO2 conditions consistently resulted in severely reduced embryo survival. Sensitivity to elevated pCO2 was highest at 10 ˚C, resulting in up to an 89% reduction in hatching success between control and predicted end-of-century pCO2 conditions. Moreover, elevated pCO2 conditions delayed hatching, reduced remaining endogenous energy reserves at hatch and reduced embryonic growth. Our results suggest that the northern sand lance is exceptionally CO2-sensitive compared to other fish species. Whether other sand lance species with similar life history characteristics are equally CO2-sensitive is currently unknown. But the possibility is a conservation concern, because many boreal shelf ecosystems rely on sand lances and might therefore be more vulnerable to climate change than currently recognized. Our findings indicate that life history, spawning habitat, phenology and developmental rates mediate the divergent early life CO2 sensitivities among fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Murray
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Avery Point, CT 06340, USA
| | - David Wiley
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA, 175 Edward Foster Road, Scituate, MA 02066, USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Avery Point, CT 06340, USA
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Cominassi L, Moyano M, Claireaux G, Howald S, Mark FC, Zambonino-Infante JL, Le Bayon N, Peck MA. Combined effects of ocean acidification and temperature on larval and juvenile growth, development and swimming performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221283. [PMID: 31490944 PMCID: PMC6731055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification and ocean warming (OAW) are simultaneously occurring and could pose ecological challenges to marine life, particularly early life stages of fish that, although they are internal calcifiers, may have poorly developed acid-base regulation. This study assessed the effect of projected OAW on key fitness traits (growth, development and swimming ability) in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae and juveniles. Starting at 2 days post-hatch (dph), larvae were exposed to one of three levels of PCO2 (650, 1150, 1700 μatm; pH 8.0, 7.8, 7.6) at either a cold (15°C) or warm (20°C) temperature. Growth rate, development stage and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) were repeatedly measured as sea bass grew from 0.6 to ~10.0 (cold) or ~14.0 (warm) cm body length. Exposure to different levels of PCO2 had no significant effect on growth, development or Ucrit of larvae and juveniles. At the warmer temperature, larvae displayed faster growth and deeper bodies. Notochord flexion occurred at 0.8 and 1.2 cm and metamorphosis was completed at an age of ~45 and ~60 days post-hatch for sea bass in the warm and cold treatments, respectively. Swimming performance increased rapidly with larval development but better swimmers were observed in the cold treatment, reflecting a potential trade-off between fast grow and swimming ability. A comparison of the results of this and other studies on marine fish indicates that the effects of OAW on the growth, development and swimming ability of early life stages are species-specific and that generalizing the impacts of climate-driven warming or ocean acidification is not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cominassi
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Moyano
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Sarah Howald
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Felix C. Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - José-Luis Zambonino-Infante
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, Reproduction and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, Reproduction and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Munday PL, Schunter C, Allan BJM, Nicol S, Parsons DM, Pether SMJ, Pope S, Ravasi T, Setiawan AN, Smith N, Domingos JA. Testing the Adaptive Potential of Yellowtail Kingfish to Ocean Warming and Acidification. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Baumann H. Experimental assessments of marine species sensitivities to ocean acidification and co-stressors: how far have we come? CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies assessing the potential impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms have rapidly expanded and produced a wealth of empirical data over the past decade. This perspective examines four key areas of transformative developments in experimental approaches: (1) methodological advances; (2) advances in elucidating physiological and molecular mechanisms behind observed CO2effects; (3) recognition of short-term CO2variability as a likely modifier of species sensitivities (Ocean Variability Hypothesis); and (4) consensus on the multistressor nature of marine climate change where effect interactions are still challenging to anticipate. No single experiment allows predicting the fate of future populations. But sustaining the accumulation of empirical evidence is critical for more robust estimates of species reaction norms and thus for enabling better modeling approaches. Moreover, advanced experimental approaches are needed to address knowledge gaps including changes in species interactions and intraspecific variability in sensitivity and its importance for the adaptation potential of marine organisms to a high CO2world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Baumann
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Stiasny MH, Sswat M, Mittermayer FH, Falk-Petersen IB, Schnell NK, Puvanendran V, Mortensen A, Reusch TBH, Clemmesen C. Divergent responses of Atlantic cod to ocean acidification and food limitation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:839-849. [PMID: 30570815 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the effect of global change on marine fishes, it is imperative to quantify the effects on fundamental parameters such as survival and growth. Larval survival and recruitment of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were found to be heavily impaired by end-of-century levels of ocean acidification. Here, we analysed larval growth among 35-36 days old surviving larvae, along with organ development and ossification of the skeleton. We combined CO2 treatments (ambient: 503 µatm, elevated: 1,179 µatm) with food availability in order to evaluate the effect of energy limitation in addition to the ocean acidification stressor. As expected, larval size (as a proxy for growth) and skeletogenesis were positively affected by high food availability. We found significant interactions between acidification and food availability. Larvae fed ad libitum showed little difference in growth and skeletogenesis due to the CO2 treatment. Larvae under energy limitation were significantly larger and had further developed skeletal structures in the elevated CO2 treatment compared to the ambient CO2 treatment. However, the elevated CO2 group revealed impairments in critically important organs, such as the liver, and had comparatively smaller functional gills indicating a mismatch between size and function. It is therefore likely that individual larvae that had survived acidification treatments will suffer from impairments later during ontogeny. Our study highlights important allocation trade-off between growth and organ development, which is critically important to interpret acidification effects on early life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina H Stiasny
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Economics, Sustainable Fisheries, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Sswat
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Biological Oceanography, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix H Mittermayer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Nalani K Schnell
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Kiel, Germany
| | - Catriona Clemmesen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Kiel, Germany
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37
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Lefevre S. Effects of high CO2 on oxygen consumption rates, aerobic scope and swimming performance. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Domenici P, Allan BJM, Lefrançois C, McCormick MI. The effect of climate change on the escape kinematics and performance of fishes: implications for future predator-prey interactions. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz078. [PMID: 31723432 PMCID: PMC6839432 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can have a pronounced impact on the physiology and behaviour of fishes. Notably, many climate change stressors, such as global warming, hypoxia and ocean acidification (OA), have been shown to alter the kinematics of predator-prey interactions in fishes, with potential effects at ecological levels. Here, we review the main effects of each of these stressors on fish escape responses using an integrative approach that encompasses behavioural and kinematic variables. Elevated temperature was shown to affect many components of the escape response, including escape latencies, kinematics and maximum swimming performance, while the main effect of hypoxia was on escape responsiveness and directionality. OA had a negative effect on the escape response of juvenile fish by decreasing their directionality, responsiveness and locomotor performance, although some studies show no effect of acidification. The few studies that have explored the effects of multiple stressors show that temperature tends to have a stronger effect on escape performance than OA. Overall, the effects of climate change on escape responses may occur through decreased muscle performance and/or an interference with brain and sensory functions. In all of these cases, since the escape response is a behaviour directly related to survival, these effects are likely to be fundamental drivers of changes in marine communities. The overall future impact of these stressors is discussed by including their potential effects on predator attack behaviour, thereby allowing the development of potential future scenarios for predator-prey interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAS, Oristano, 09170 Italy
- Corresponding author: CNR-IAS, Oristano 09170, Italy.
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Mark I McCormick
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Ecological effects of elevated CO2 on marine and freshwater fishes: From individual to community effects. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Correlated Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Behavioral and Metabolic Traits of a Large Pelagic Fish. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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