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Maison A, Lugon L, Park SJ, Boissard C, Faucheux A, Gros V, Kalalian C, Kim Y, Leymarie J, Petit JE, Roustan Y, Sanchez O, Squarcioni A, Valari M, Viatte C, Vigneron J, Tuzet A, Sartelet K. Contrasting effects of urban trees on air quality: From the aerodynamic effects in streets to impacts of biogenic emissions in cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174116. [PMID: 38909817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Urban trees are often not considered in air-quality models although they can significantly impact the concentrations of pollutants. Gas and particles can deposit on leaf surfaces, lowering their concentrations, but the tree crown aerodynamic effect is antagonist, limiting the dispersion of pollutants in streets. Furthermore, trees emit Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) that react with other compounds to form ozone and secondary organic aerosols. This study aims to quantify the impacts of these three tree effects (dry deposition, aerodynamic effect and BVOC emissions) on air quality from the regional to the street scale over Paris city. Each tree effect is added in the model chain CHIMERE/MUNICH/SSH-aerosol. The tree location and characteristics are determined using the Paris tree inventory, combined with allometric equations. The air-quality simulations are performed over June and July 2022. The results show that the aerodynamic tree effect increases the concentrations of gas and particles emitted in streets, such as NOx (+4.6 % on average in streets with trees and up to +37 % for NO2). This effect increases with the tree Leaf Area Index and it is more important in streets with high traffic, suggesting to limit the planting of trees with large crowns on high-traffic streets. The effect of dry deposition of gas and particles on leaves is very limited, reducing the concentrations of O3 concentrations by -0.6 % on average and at most -2.5 %. Tree biogenic emissions largely increase the isoprene and monoterpene concentrations, bringing the simulated concentrations closer to observations. Over the two-week sensitivity analysis, biogenic emissions induce an increase of O3, organic particles and PM2.5 street concentrations by respectively +1.1, +2.4 and + 0.5 % on average over all streets. This concentration increase may reach locally +3.5, +12.3 and + 2.9 % respectively for O3, organic particles and PM2.5, suggesting to prefer the plantation of low-emitting VOC species in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maison
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, Palaiseau 91120, France; Now at Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/École Normale Supérieure-PSL Université/École Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Lya Lugon
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Christophe Boissard
- LSCE, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France; Univ Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, Paris 75013, France
| | - Aurélien Faucheux
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Valérie Gros
- LSCE, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Carmen Kalalian
- LSCE, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France; Now at Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Youngseob Kim
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de L'Environnement de Paris, IEES-Paris, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | | | - Yelva Roustan
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
| | - Olivier Sanchez
- Airparif, Association Agréée pour la Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en région Île-de-France, 7 rue Crillon, Paris 75004, France
| | - Alexis Squarcioni
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France; Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/École Normale Supérieure-PSL Université/École Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Myrto Valari
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/École Normale Supérieure-PSL Université/École Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Camille Viatte
- LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jérémy Vigneron
- Airparif, Association Agréée pour la Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en région Île-de-France, 7 rue Crillon, Paris 75004, France
| | - Andrée Tuzet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Karine Sartelet
- CEREA, École des Ponts, EDF R&D, IPSL, Marne-la-Vallée 77455, France
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Wang H, Lu X, Seco R, Stavrakou T, Karl T, Jiang X, Gu L, Guenther AB. Modeling Isoprene Emission Response to Drought and Heatwaves Within MEGAN Using Evapotranspiration Data and by Coupling With the Community Land Model. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2022; 14:e2022MS003174. [PMID: 37035629 PMCID: PMC10078486 DOI: 10.1029/2022ms003174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We introduce two new drought stress algorithms designed to simulate isoprene emission with the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) model. The two approaches include the representation of the impact of drought on isoprene emission with a simple empirical approach for offline MEGAN applications and a more process-based approach for online MEGAN in Community Land Model (CLM) simulations. The two versions differ in their implementation of leaf-temperature impacts of mild drought. For the online version of MEGAN that is coupled to CLM, the impact of drought on leaf temperature is simulated directly and the calculated leaf temperature is considered for the estimation of isoprene emission. For the offline version, we apply an empirical algorithm derived from whole-canopy flux measurements for simulating the impact of drought ranging from mild to severe stage. In addition, the offline approach adopts the ratio (f PET) of actual evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration to quantify the severity of drought instead of using soil moisture. We applied the two algorithms in the CLM-CAM-chem (the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry) model to simulate the impact of drought on isoprene emission and found that drought can decrease isoprene emission globally by 11% in 2012. We further compared the formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column density simulated by CAM-chem to satellite HCHO observations. We found that the proposed drought algorithm can improve the match with the HCHO observations during droughts, but the performance of the drought algorithm is limited by the capacity of the model to capture the severity of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Xinchen Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Roger Seco
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Thomas Karl
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric SciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryClimate Change Science InstituteOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Alex B. Guenther
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ge X, Gu D, Liu X, Bai J, Ma Z, Tan Y, Zhu F, Xia S, Du J, Tan Y, Shu X, Tang J, Sun Y. Impacts of Drought and Rehydration Cycles on Isoprene Emissions in Populus nigra Seedlings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14528. [PMID: 36361409 PMCID: PMC9655116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The volatile organic compounds emitted by plants significantly impact the atmospheric environment. The impacts of drought stress on the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions of plants are still under debate. In this study, the effects of two drought-rehydration cycle groups with different durations on isoprene emissions from Populus nigra (black poplar) seedlings were studied. The P. nigra seedlings were placed in a chamber that controlled the soil water content, radiation, and temperature. The daily emissions of isoprene and physiological parameters were measured. The emission rates of isoprene (Fiso) reached the maximum on the third day (D3), increasing by 58.0% and 64.2% compared with the controlled groups, respectively, and then Fiso significantly decreased. Photosynthesis decreased by 34.2% and 21.6% in D3 in the first and second groups, respectively. After rehydration, Fiso and photosynthesis recovered fully in two groups. However, Fiso showed distinct inconsistencies in two groups, and the recovery rates of Fiso in the second drought group were slower than the recovery rates of Fiso in the first groups. The response of BVOC emissions during the drought-rehydration cycle was classified into three phases, including stimulated, inhibited, and restored after rehydration. The emission pattern of isoprene indicated that isoprene played an important role in the response of plants to drought stress. A drought-rehydration model was constructed, which indicated the regularity of BVOC emissions in the drought-rehydration cycle. BVOC emissions were extremely sensitive to drought, especially during droughts of short duration. Parameters in computational models related to BVOC emissions of plants under drought stress should be continuously improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Han
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Houyong Zhang
- Jinan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xuan Ge
- Jinan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Dasa Gu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianhui Bai
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zizhen Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
| | - Shiyong Xia
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinhua Du
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yuran Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xiao Shu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Jingchao Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
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Simulation of Isoprene Emission with Satellite Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index as Water Stress Factor in Southeastern China during 2008. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is one of the most important biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by vegetation. The biogenic isoprene emissions are widely estimated by the Model of Emission of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) considering different environmental stresses. The response of isoprene emission to the water stress is usually parameterized using soil moisture in previous studies. In this study, we designed a new parameterization scheme of water stress in MEGAN as a function of a novel, satellite, passive microwave-based vegetation index, Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI), which indicates the vegetation inner water content. The isoprene emission rates in southeastern China were simulated with different water stress indicators including soil moisture, EDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Then the simulated isoprene emission rates were compared to associated satellite top-down estimations. The results showed that in southeastern China, the spatiotemporal correlations between those simulations and top-down retrieval are all high with different biases. The simulated isoprene emission rates with EDVI-based water stress factor are most consistent with top-down estimation with higher temporal correlation, lower bias and lower RMSE, while soil moisture alters the emission rates little, and optical vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI) slightly increase the correlation with top-down. The temporal correlation coefficients are increased after applied with EDVI water stress factor in most areas; especially in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Yangtze River Delta (>0.12). Overall, higher consistency of simulation and top-down estimation is shown when EDVI is applied, which indicates the possibility of estimating the effect of vegetation water stress on biogenic isoprene emission using microwave observations.
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Otu-Larbi F, Conte A, Fares S, Wild O, Ashworth K. Current and future impacts of drought and ozone stress on Northern Hemisphere forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6218-6234. [PMID: 32893912 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rising ozone (O3 ) concentrations, coupled with an increase in drought frequency due to climate change, pose a threat to plant growth and productivity which could negatively affect carbon sequestration capacity of Northern Hemisphere (NH) forests. Using long-term observations of O3 mixing ratios and soil water content (SWC), we implemented empirical drought and O3 stress parameterizations in a coupled stomatal conductance-photosynthesis model to assess their impacts on plant gas exchange at three FLUXNET sites: Castelporziano, Blodgett and Hyytiälä. Model performance was evaluated by comparing model estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) and latent heat fluxes (LE) against present-day observations. CMIP5 GCM model output data were then used to investigate the potential impact of the two stressors on forests by the middle (2041-2050) and end (2091-2100) of the 21st century. We found drought stress was the more significant as it reduced model overestimation of GPP and LE by ~11%-25% compared to 1%-11% from O3 stress. However, the best model fit to observations at all the study sites was obtained with O3 and drought stress combined, such that the two stressors counteract the impact of each other. With the inclusion of drought and O3 stress, GPP at CPZ, BLO and HYY is projected to increase by 7%, 5% and 8%, respectively, by mid-century and by 14%, 11% and 14% by 2091-2100 as atmospheric CO2 increases. Estimates were up to 21% and 4% higher when drought and O3 stress were neglected respectively. Drought stress will have a substantial impact on plant gas exchange and productivity, off-setting and possibly negating CO2 fertilization gains in future, suggesting projected increases in the frequency and severity of droughts in the NH will play a significant role in forest productivity and carbon budgets in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Conte
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Fares
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), Rome, Italy
| | - Oliver Wild
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Kirsti Ashworth
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Yáñez-Serrano AM, Bourtsoukidis E, Alves EG, Bauwens M, Stavrakou T, Llusià J, Filella I, Guenther A, Williams J, Artaxo P, Sindelarova K, Doubalova J, Kesselmeier J, Peñuelas J. Amazonian biogenic volatile organic compounds under global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4722-4751. [PMID: 32445424 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play important roles at cellular, foliar, ecosystem and atmospheric levels. The Amazonian rainforest represents one of the major global sources of BVOCs, so its study is essential for understanding BVOC dynamics. It also provides insights into the role of such large and biodiverse forest ecosystem in regional and global atmospheric chemistry and climate. We review the current information on Amazonian BVOCs and identify future research priorities exploring biogenic emissions and drivers, ecological interactions, atmospheric impacts, depositional processes and modifications to BVOC dynamics due to changes in climate and land cover. A feedback loop between Amazonian BVOCs and the trends of climate and land-use changes in Amazonia is then constructed. Satellite observations and model simulation time series demonstrate the validity of the proposed loop showing a combined effect of climate change and deforestation on BVOC emission in Amazonia. A decreasing trend of isoprene during the wet season, most likely due to forest biomass loss, and an increasing trend of the sesquiterpene to isoprene ratio during the dry season suggest increasing temperature stress-induced emissions due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Yáñez-Serrano
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Efstratios Bourtsoukidis
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eliane G Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Maite Bauwens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alex Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katerina Sindelarova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Doubalova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Modelling and Assessment Department, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jürgen Kesselmeier
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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