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Thorne KM, MacDonald GM, Chavez FP, Ambrose RF, Barnard PL. Significant challenges to the sustainability of the California coast considering climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310077121. [PMID: 39074269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310077121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is an existential threat to the environmental and socioeconomic sustainability of the coastal zone and impacts will be complex and widespread. Evidence from California and across the United States shows that climate change is impacting coastal communities and challenging managers with a plethora of stressors already present. Widespread action could be taken that would sustain California's coastal ecosystems and communities. In this perspective, we highlight the main threat to coastal sustainability: the compound effects of episodic events amplified with ongoing climate change, which will present unprecedented challenges to the state. We present two key challenges for California's sustainability in the coastal zone: 1) accelerating sea-level rise combined with storm impacts, and 2) continued warming of the oceans and marine heatwaves. Cascading effects from these types of compounding events will occur within the context of an already stressed system that has experienced extensive alterations due to intensive development, resource extraction and harvesting, spatial containment, and other human use pressures. There are critical components that could be used to address these immediate concerns, including comanagement strategies that include diverse groups and organizations, strategic planning integrated across large areas, rapid implementation of solutions, and a cohesive and policy relevant research agenda for the California coast. Much of this has been started in the state, but the scale could be increased, and timelines accelerated. The ideas and information presented here are intended to help expand discussions to sharpen the focus on how to encourage sustainability of California's iconic coastal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Thorne
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Glen M MacDonald
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1524
| | | | - Richard F Ambrose
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772
| | - Patrick L Barnard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
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2
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Srednick G, Swearer SE. Effects of protection and temperature variation on temporal stability in a marine reserve network. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14220. [PMID: 37937466 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of ecosystem stability has been a key focus of modern ecology as the impacts of the Anthropocene become more prevalent and extreme. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are tools used globally to promote biodiversity and mediate anthropogenic impacts. However, assessing the stability of natural ecosystems and responses to management actions is inherently challenging due to the complex dynamics of communities with many interdependent taxa. Using a 12-year time series of subtidal community structure in an MPA network in the Channel Islands (United States), we estimated species interaction strength (competition and predation), prey species synchrony, and temporal stability in trophic networks, as well as temporal variation in sea surface temperature to explore the causal drivers of temporal stability at community and metacommunity scales. At the community scale, only trophic networks in MPAs at Santa Rosa Island showed greater temporal stability than reference sites, likely driven by reduced prey synchrony. Across islands, competition was sometimes greater and predation always greater in MPAs compared with reference sites. Increases in interaction strength resulted in lower temporal stability of trophic networks. Although MPAs reduced prey synchrony at the metacommunity scale, reductions were insufficient to stabilize trophic networks. In contrast, temporal variation in sea surface temperature had strong positive direct effects on stability at the regional scale and indirect effects at the local scale through reductions in species interaction strength. Although MPAs can be effective management strategies for protecting certain species or locations, our findings for this MPA network suggest that temperature variation has a stronger influence on metacommunity temporal stability by mediating species interactions and promoting a mosaic of spatiotemporal variation in community structure of trophic networks. By capturing the full spectrum of environmental variation in network planning, MPAs will have the greatest capacity to promote ecosystem stability in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Srednick
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Salton M, Raoult V, Jonsen I, Harcourt R. Niche partitioning and individual specialisation in resources and space use of sympatric fur seals at their range margin. Oecologia 2024; 204:815-832. [PMID: 38568471 PMCID: PMC11062968 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ecological theory predicts niche partitioning between high-level predators living in sympatry as a mechanism to minimise the selective pressure of competition. Accordingly, male Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and New Zealand fur seals A. forsteri that live in sympatry should exhibit partitioning in their broad niches (in habitat and trophic dimensions) in order to coexist. However, at the northern end of their distributions in Australia, both are recolonising their historic range after a long absence due to over-exploitation, and their small population sizes suggest competition should be weak and may allow overlap in niche space. We found some niche overlap, yet clear partitioning in diet trophic level (δ15N values from vibrissae), spatial niche space (horizontal and vertical telemetry data) and circadian activity patterns (timing of dives) between males of each species, suggesting competition may remain an active driver of niche partitioning amongst individuals even in small, peripheral populations. Consistent with individual specialisation theory, broad niches of populations were associated with high levels of individual specialisation for both species, despite putative low competition. Specialists in isotopic space were not necessarily specialists in spatial niche space, further emphasising their diverse individual strategies for niche partitioning. Males of each species displayed distinct foraging modes, with Australian fur seals primarily benthic and New Zealand fur seals primarily epipelagic, though unexpectedly high individual specialisation for New Zealand fur seals might suggest marginal populations provide exceptions to the pattern generally observed amongst other fur seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Salton
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia.
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, 2258, Australia
| | - Ian Jonsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Robert Harcourt
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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4
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Stagnitti M, Musumeci RE. Model-based estimation of seasonal transport of macro-plastics in a marine protected area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116191. [PMID: 38428048 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Management of plastic litter in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is expensive but crucial to avoid harms to critical environments. In the present work, an open-source numerical modelling chain is proposed to estimate the seasonal pathways and fates of macro-plastics, and hence support the effective planning and implementation of sea and beach cleaning operations. The proposed approach is applied to the nearshore region that includes the MPA of Capo Milazzo (Italy). A sensitivity analysis on the influence of tides, wind, waves and river floods over the year indicates that seasonality only slightly affects the location and extension of the macro-plastic accumulation zones, and that beach cleaning operations should be performed in autumn. Instead, the influence of rivers on plastic litter distribution is crucial for the optimal planning of cleaning interventions in the coastal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stagnitti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy.
| | - R E Musumeci
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy.
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5
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Hernández-Andreu R, Félix-Hackradt FC, Schiavetti A, S Texeira JL, Hackradt CW. Marine protected areas are a useful tool to protect coral reef fishes but not representative to conserve their functional role. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119656. [PMID: 38042082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic actions have direct and indirect impacts on natural systems, leading to significant alterations in marine ecosystems worldwide. One of the most notable problems is species loss, as the disappearance of species from an area can compromise ecological functions. This is at the core of a severe biodiversity crisis. To address and reverse these processes, marine protected areas (MPAs) have been utilized as a crucial tool to mitigate species loss, increase biomass, and serve as a fisheries management tool. However, there is a lack of information assessing MPAs from the perspective of their contribution to maintaining ecological functions. In recent decades, functional diversity (FD) indices have been widely used to assess ecosystem functioning. In this paper, we conducted an assessment using a global database of reef fish abundance to analyze the effect of No-Take Zones (NTZ) on the FD and "true" diversity (TD) indices of tropical reef fish assemblages in seven tropical biogeographic regions. We found a significant protective effect for some indices, although these responses were dependent on the bioregion. At the bioregional level, NTZs included lower numbers of species and functional entities than open access areas. Consequently, the functional richness protected within these zones partially represented the functional diversity in each biogeographic province. However, smaller-scale functional diversity indices responded to NTZ protection depending on the bioregion. Therefore, these results reinforce that the assessed NTZs are responsive to the protection of functional diversity, although they are not sufficient for safeguarding ecosystem functions in tropical reefs. This highlights the importance of expanding the number of protection entities worldwide with management strategies focused on coral reef fish functionality, as well as effective local/regional assessments. Thus, a new paradigm is necessary in the planning and creation of MPAs to safeguard ecosystem functions, with a priority given to the protection of ecosystem functions and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Hernández-Andreu
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Rod. Joel Maers, BR 367, km 10, CEP: 45810-000, Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod Ilhéus/Itabuna Km-16 s/n, CEP: 45662-000, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Ethnoconservation and Protected Areas Laboratory, Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod Ilhéus/Itabuna Km-16 s/n, CEP: 45662-000, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana C Félix-Hackradt
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Rod. Joel Maers, BR 367, km 10, CEP: 45810-000, Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Schiavetti
- Ethnoconservation and Protected Areas Laboratory, Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod Ilhéus/Itabuna Km-16 s/n, CEP: 45662-000, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Jessyca L S Texeira
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Rod. Joel Maers, BR 367, km 10, CEP: 45810-000, Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod Ilhéus/Itabuna Km-16 s/n, CEP: 45662-000, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos W Hackradt
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Rod. Joel Maers, BR 367, km 10, CEP: 45810-000, Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil
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6
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Ji J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Hua T, Zhu Y, Zhao H. Notable conservation gaps for biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate change adaptation on the Tibetan Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165032. [PMID: 37355118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating biodiversity, ecosystem services (ESs) and climate change adaptation into the conservation targets of protected areas (PAs) is being acknowledged. Targeting conservation actions requires a thorough understanding of the relationship between PAs and these important regions. However, few studies have identified conservation gaps while simultaneously considering these three aspects. Here, we assessed the representativeness of the PAs network for biodiversity, ESs and climate refugia (as a proxy for climate change adaptation ability) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Our analysis showed that these priority conservation regions were primarily located in the south and southeast of the TP, while they were impacted by intense human pressure. Most ESs and all types of species richness showed a significant positive correlation. Additionally, a positive correlation between multiple climate refugia and different types of species richness was detected. Representativeness analysis revealed notable conservation gaps for these three aspects in existing PAs, highlighting the urgency of adjusting their distribution and improving their representativeness. By integrating these conservation targets, priority regions for future conservation were further delineated. Taken together, our findings contribute to improving the efficiency of PAs and optimizing conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Ji
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhengchao Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Sichuan Geological Environment Survey and Research Center, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China
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7
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Martins CC, Moreira LB, Sutilli M, de Souza Abessa DM. Unraveling sources of hydrocarbons in subtropical estuaries with distinct degrees of protection in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115499. [PMID: 37742512 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Sedimentary aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in subtropical estuaries with distinct degrees of legal protection, located in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, São Paulo State, Brazil. A multivariate approach was adopted, using the Hierarchical cluster analysis followed by the Principal Matrix Factorization analysis to support the hydrocarbons sources findings using diagnostic ratios. In general, the sites with the highest values of hydrocarbons were in the vicinity of well-urbanized cities, where sewage discharge, harbor and industrial activities take place. Pyrolitic PAHs were the predominant source of PAHs in the sites. The region can be considered not highly contaminated by hydrocarbons; however, specific sites under local anthropogenic impact from sewage and/or urban drainage, presented relatively high hydrocarbons levels. These findings highlight the importance of sources identification as reliable approach to be included in the management plan of protected areas under the inputs of several vectors of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Beira Mar, s/n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Pça. Infante D. Henrique s/n°, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Sutilli
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Beira Mar, s/n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Pça. Infante D. Henrique s/n°, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
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8
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Yan W, Wang Z, Zhou B. Population evolution of seagrasses returning to the ocean. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20231. [PMID: 37809433 PMCID: PMC10559988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Seagrasses are higher flowering plants that live entirely in marine environments, with the greatest habitat variation occurring from land to sea. Genetic structure or population differentiation history is a hot topic in evolutionary biology, which is of great significance for understanding speciation. Genetic information is obtained from geographically distributed subpopulations, different subspecies, or strains of the same species using next-generation sequencing techniques. Genetic variation is identified by comparison with reference genomes. Genetic diversity is explored using population structure, principal component analysis (PCA), and phylogenetic relationships. Patterns of population genetic differentiation are elucidated by combining the isolation by distance (IBD) model, linkage disequilibrium levels, and genetic statistical analysis. Demographic history is simulated using effective population size, divergence time, and site frequency spectrum (SFS). Through various population genetic analyses, the genetic structure and historical population dynamics of seagrass can be clarified, and their evolutionary processes can be further explored at the molecular level to understand how evolutionary processes contributed to the formation of early ecological species and provide data support for seagrass conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Thompson PL, Nephin J, Davies SC, Park AE, Lyons DA, Rooper CN, Angelica Peña M, Christian JR, Hunter KL, Rubidge E, Holdsworth AM. Groundfish biodiversity change in northeastern Pacific waters under projected warming and deoxygenation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220191. [PMID: 37246387 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the coming decades, warming and deoxygenation of marine waters are anticipated to result in shifts in the distribution and abundance of fishes, with consequences for the diversity and composition of fish communities. Here, we combine fisheries-independent trawl survey data spanning the west coast of the USA and Canada with high-resolution regional ocean models to make projections of how 34 groundfish species will be impacted by changes in temperature and oxygen in British Columbia (BC) and Washington. In this region, species that are projected to decrease in occurrence are roughly balanced by those that are projected to increase, resulting in considerable compositional turnover. Many, but not all, species are projected to shift to deeper depths as conditions warm, but low oxygen will limit how deep they can go. Thus, biodiversity will likely decrease in the shallowest waters (less than 100 m), where warming will be greatest, increase at mid-depths (100-600 m) as shallow species shift deeper, and decrease at depths where oxygen is limited (greater than 600 m). These results highlight the critical importance of accounting for the joint role of temperature, oxygen and depth when projecting the impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Thompson
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 5T5
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jessica Nephin
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 5T5
| | - Sarah C Davies
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 6N7
| | - Ashley E Park
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 5T5
| | - Devin A Lyons
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B2Y 4A2
| | - Christopher N Rooper
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 6N7
| | - M Angelica Peña
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 5T5
| | - James R Christian
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 5T5
| | - Karen L Hunter
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 6N7
| | - Emily Rubidge
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 5T5
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Amber M Holdsworth
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 5T5
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Buenafe KCV, Dunn DC, Everett JD, Brito-Morales I, Schoeman DS, Hanson JO, Dabalà A, Neubert S, Cannicci S, Kaschner K, Richardson AJ. A metric-based framework for climate-smart conservation planning. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2852. [PMID: 36946332 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is already having profound effects on biodiversity, but climate change adaptation has yet to be fully incorporated into area-based management tools used to conserve biodiversity, such as protected areas. One main obstacle is the lack of consensus regarding how impacts of climate change can be included in spatial conservation plans. We propose a climate-smart framework that prioritizes the protection of climate refugia-areas of low climate exposure and high biodiversity retention-using climate metrics. We explore four aspects of climate-smart conservation planning: (1) climate model ensembles; (2) multiple emission scenarios; (3) climate metrics; and (4) approaches to identifying climate refugia. We illustrate this framework in the Western Pacific Ocean, but it is equally applicable to terrestrial systems. We found that all aspects of climate-smart conservation planning considered affected the configuration of spatial plans. The choice of climate metrics and approaches to identifying refugia have large effects in the resulting climate-smart spatial plans, whereas the choice of climate models and emission scenarios have smaller effects. As the configuration of spatial plans depended on climate metrics used, a spatial plan based on a single measure of climate change (e.g., warming) will not necessarily be robust against other measures of climate change (e.g., ocean acidification). We therefore recommend using climate metrics most relevant for the biodiversity and region considered based on a single or multiple climate drivers. To include the uncertainty associated with different climate futures, we recommend using multiple climate models (i.e., an ensemble) and emission scenarios. Finally, we show that the approaches we used to identify climate refugia feature trade-offs between: (1) the degree to which they are climate-smart, and (2) their efficiency in meeting conservation targets. Hence, the choice of approach will depend on the relative value that stakeholders place on climate adaptation. By using this framework, protected areas can be designed with improved longevity and thus safeguard biodiversity against current and future climate change. We hope that the proposed climate-smart framework helps transition conservation planning toward climate-smart approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Camille V Buenafe
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C Dunn
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason D Everett
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct (QBP), St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isaac Brito-Morales
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - David S Schoeman
- Ocean Futures Research Cluster, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey O Hanson
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alvise Dabalà
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Department of Organism Biology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Neubert
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Computer Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefano Cannicci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kristin Kaschner
- Department of Biometry and Environmental Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anthony J Richardson
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct (QBP), St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Madgett AS, Elsdon TS, Marnane MJ, Schramm KD, Harvey ES. The functional diversity of fish assemblages in the vicinity of oil and gas pipelines compared to nearby natural reef and soft sediment habitats. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 187:105931. [PMID: 36966683 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the offshore hydrocarbon industry matures and decommissioning activities are expected to increase, there is a requirement to assess the environmental consequences of different pipeline decommissioning options. Previous research on fish and other ecological components associated with pipelines has focused on examining species richness, abundance and biomass surrounding structures. The extent to which subsea pipelines mimic or alter ecosystem function compared with nearby natural habitats is unknown. We analyse differences in fish assemblage biological trait composition and the functional diversity at exposed shallow-water subsea pipelines, nearby natural reef and soft sediment habitats, using mini stereo-video remotely operated vehicles (ROV). Habitats significantly differed in assemblage trait composition. The pipeline and reef habitats shared a more similar functional composition and had the presence of key functional groups required for the development and maintenance of healthy coral reef systems. The reef habitat had the greatest functional diversity, followed by the pipeline habitat and soft sediment habitat respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethea S Madgett
- The National Decommissioning Centre, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, United Kingdom; University of Aberdeen, School of Engineering, Fraser Noble Building, Kings College, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom.
| | - Travis S Elsdon
- Chevron Energy Technology Pty Ltd, 250 St Georges Terrace, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia; Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Michael J Marnane
- Chevron Energy Technology Pty Ltd, 250 St Georges Terrace, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Karl D Schramm
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Euan S Harvey
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
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12
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Decreasing Trends of Chinstrap Penguin Breeding Colonies in a Region of Major and Ongoing Rapid Environmental Changes Suggest Population Level Vulnerability. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The bulk of the chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) global population inhabits the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Sea, which is a region undergoing rapid environmental changes. Consequently, regional level decreases for this species are widespread. This study aimed to evaluate the level of breeding colony changes in the Antarctic Peninsula and South Orkney Islands, which, roughly, hold 60% of the global chinstrap penguin population. The results indicated that within a period of 40 to 50 years, 62% of colonies underwent decreases, and the majority of colonies experienced decreases over 50%, which is represented by numbers in the range of 2000 to 40,000 pairs. Within three generations’ time, the whole population for the area had experienced decreases of around 30%. These levels of decrease add to the fact that the suspected causes are not likely reversible in the short- to mid-term, calling for increased concern about the conservation of this species.
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13
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Molecular ecology meets systematic conservation planning. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:143-155. [PMID: 36210287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrative and proactive conservation approaches are critical to the long-term persistence of biodiversity. Molecular data can provide important information on evolutionary processes necessary for conserving multiple levels of biodiversity (genes, populations, species, and ecosystems). However, molecular data are rarely used to guide spatial conservation decision-making. Here, we bridge the fields of molecular ecology (ME) and systematic conservation planning (SCP) (the 'why') to build a foundation for the inclusion of molecular data into spatial conservation planning tools (the 'how'), and provide a practical guide for implementing this integrative approach for both conservation planners and molecular ecologists. The proposed framework enhances interdisciplinary capacity, which is crucial to achieving the ambitious global conservation goals envisioned for the next decade.
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14
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Morris CJ, Nguyen KQ, Green JM. Comparison of lethal and non-lethal age-based growth estimation methodologies to assess an endemic bay population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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15
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Cheung WWL, Palacios-Abrantes J, Frölicher TL, Palomares ML, Clarke T, Lam VWY, Oyinlola MA, Pauly D, Reygondeau G, Sumaila UR, Teh LCL, Wabnitz CCC. Rebuilding fish biomass for the world's marine ecoregions under climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6254-6267. [PMID: 36047439 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rebuilding overexploited marine populations is an important step to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 14-Life Below Water. Mitigating major human pressures is required to achieve rebuilding goals. Climate change is one such key pressure, impacting fish and invertebrate populations by changing their biomass and biogeography. Here, combining projection from a dynamic bioclimate envelope model with published estimates of status of exploited populations from a catch-based analysis, we analyze the effects of different global warming and fishing levels on biomass rebuilding for the exploited species in 226 marine ecoregions of the world. Fifty three percent (121) of the marine ecoregions have significant (at 5% level) relationship between biomass and global warming level. Without climate change and under a target fishing mortality rate relative to the level required for maximum sustainable yield of 0.75, we project biomass rebuilding of 1.7-2.7 times (interquartile range) of current (average 2014-2018) levels across marine ecoregions. When global warming level is at 1.5 and 2.6°C, respectively, such biomass rebuilding drops to 1.4-2.0 and 1.1-1.5 times of current levels, with 10% and 25% of the ecoregions showing no biomass rebuilding, respectively. Marine ecoregions where biomass rebuilding is largely impacted by climate change are in West Africa, the Indo-Pacific, the central and south Pacific, and the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Coastal communities in these ecoregions are highly dependent on fisheries for livelihoods and nutrition security. Lowering the targeted fishing level and keeping global warming below 1.5°C are projected to enable more climate-sensitive ecoregions to rebuild biomass. However, our findings also underscore the need to resolve trade-offs between climate-resilient biomass rebuilding and the high near-term demand for seafood to support the well-being of coastal communities across the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W L Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thomas L Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Lourdes Palomares
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tayler Clarke
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vicky W Y Lam
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Muhammed A Oyinlola
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Pauly
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - U Rashid Sumaila
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lydia C L Teh
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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16
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Berkström C, Wennerström L, Bergström U. Ecological connectivity of the marine protected area network in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak: Current knowledge and management needs. AMBIO 2022; 51:1485-1503. [PMID: 34964951 PMCID: PMC9005595 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a key component of conservation and fisheries management to alleviate anthropogenic pressures. For MPA networks to efficiently promote persistence and recovery of populations, ecological connectivity, i.e. dispersal and movement of organisms and material across ecosystems, needs to be taken into account. To improve the ecological coherence of MPA networks, there is hence a need to evaluate the connectivity of species spreading through active migration and passive dispersal. We reviewed knowledge on ecological connectivity in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak in the northeast Atlantic and present available information on species-specific dispersal and migration distances. Studies on genetic connectivity are summarised and discussed in relation to dispersal-based analyses. Threats to ecological connectivity, limiting dispersal of populations and lowering the resilience to environmental change, were examined. Additionally, a review of studies evaluating the ecological coherence of MPA networks in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak was performed, and suggestions for future evaluations to meet management needs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Berkström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Coastal Research, Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Wennerström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Coastal Research, Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Bergström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Coastal Research, Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
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17
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García-Reyes M, Thompson SA, Rogers-Bennett L, Sydeman WJ. Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267737. [PMID: 35511813 PMCID: PMC9070938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, is an iconic kelp forest species of the Northeast Pacific that provides a wide range of ecosystem services to coastal marine species and society. In northern California, U.S.A., Nereocystis abundance declined sharply in 2014 and has yet to recover. While abiotic and biotic stressors were present prior to 2014, the population collapse highlights the need for a better understanding of how environmental conditions impact Nereocystis. In this study, we used a newly-developed, satellite-based dataset of bull kelp abundance, proxied by canopy cover over 20 years, to test the hypothesis that winter oceanographic conditions determine summer Nereocystis canopy cover. For the years before the collapse (1991 through 2013), wintertime ocean conditions, synthesized in a Multivariate Ocean Climate Indicator (MOCI), were indeed a good predictor of summer Nereocystis canopy cover (R2 = 0.40 to 0.87). We attribute this relationship to the effects of upwelling and/or temperature on nutrient availability. South of Point Arena, California, winter ocean conditions had slightly lower explanatory power than north of Point Arena, also reflective of spring upwelling-driven nutrient entrainment. Results suggest that the Nereocystis gametophytes and/or early sporophytes are sensitive to winter oceanographic conditions. Furthermore, environmental conditions in winter 2014 could have been used to predict the Nereocystis collapse in summer 2014, and for kelp north of Point Arena, a further decline in 2015. Importantly, environmental models do not predict changes in kelp after 2015, suggesting biotic factors suppressed kelp recovery, most likely extreme sea urchin herbivory. Conditions during winter, a season that is often overlooked in studies of biophysical interactions, are useful for predicting summer Nereocystis kelp forest canopy cover, and will be useful in supporting kelp restoration actions in California and perhaps elsewhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Rogers-Bennett
- Coastal Marine Science Institute, Karen C. Drayer, Wildlife Health Center, UC Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America
- California Department Fish and Wildlife, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Sydeman
- Farallon Institute, Petaluma, California, United States of America
- Bodega Marine Lab, UC Davis, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America
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18
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O'Brien JM, Stanley RRE, Jeffery NW, Heaslip SG, DiBacco C, Wang Z. Modeling demersal fish and benthic invertebrate assemblages in support of marine conservation planning. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2546. [PMID: 35080327 PMCID: PMC9286868 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine classification schemes based on abiotic surrogates often inform regional marine conservation planning in lieu of detailed biological data. However, these schemes may poorly represent ecologically relevant biological patterns required for effective design and management strategies. We used a community-level modeling approach to characterize and delineate representative mesoscale (tens to thousands of kilometers) assemblages of demersal fish and benthic invertebrates in the Northwest Atlantic. Hierarchical clustering of species occurrence data from four regional annual multispecies trawl surveys revealed three to six groupings (predominant assemblage types) in each survey region, broadly associated with geomorphic and oceanographic features. Indicator analyses identified 3-34 emblematic taxa of each assemblage type. Random forest classifications accurately predicted assemblage distributions from environmental covariates (AUC > 0.95) and identified thermal limits (annual minimum and maximum bottom temperatures) as important predictors of distribution in each region. Using forecasted oceanographic conditions for the year 2075 and a regional classification model, we projected assemblage distributions in the southernmost bioregion (Scotian Shelf-Bay of Fundy) under a high emissions climate scenario (RCP 8.5). Range expansions to the northeast are projected for assemblages associated with warmer and shallower waters of the Western Scotian Shelf over the 21st century as thermal habitat on the relatively cooler Eastern Scotian Shelf becomes more favorable. Community-level modeling provides a biotic-informed approach for identifying broadscale ecological structure required for the design and management of ecologically coherent, representative, well-connected networks of Marine Protected Areas. When combined with oceanographic forecasts, this modeling approach provides a spatial tool for assessing sensitivity and resilience to climate change, which can improve conservation planning, monitoring, and adaptive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. O'Brien
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Ryan R. E. Stanley
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Nicholas W. Jeffery
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Susan G. Heaslip
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Claudio DiBacco
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Zeliang Wang
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
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19
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Contingency planning for coral reefs in the Anthropocene; The potential of reef safe havens. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:107-124. [PMID: 35225326 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the global reliance on fossil fuels is essential to ensure the long-term survival of coral reefs, but until this happens, alternative tools are required to safeguard their future. One emerging tool is to locate areas where corals are surviving well despite the changing climate. Such locations include refuges, refugia, hotspots of resilience, bright spots, contemporary near-pristine reefs, and hope spots that are collectively named reef 'safe havens' in this mini-review. Safe havens have intrinsic value for reefs through services such as environmental buffering, maintaining near-pristine reef conditions, or housing corals naturally adapted to future environmental conditions. Spatial and temporal variance in physicochemical conditions and exposure to stress however preclude certainty over the ubiquitous long-term capacity of reef safe havens to maintain protective service provision. To effectively integrate reef safe havens into proactive reef management and contingency planning for climate change scenarios, thus requires an understanding of their differences, potential values, and predispositions to stress. To this purpose, I provide a high-level review on the defining characteristics of different coral reef safe havens, how they are being utilised in proactive reef management and what risk and susceptibilities they inherently have. The mini-review concludes with an outline of the potential for reef safe haven habitats to support contingency planning of coral reefs under an uncertain future from intensifying climate change.
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20
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Bryndum-Buchholz A, Boerder K, Stanley R, Hurley I, Boyce D, Dunmall K, Hunter K, Lotze H, Shackell N, Worm B, Tittensor D. A climate-resilient marine conservation network for Canada. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and biodiversity loss are twin crises that are driving global marine conservation efforts. However, if unaccounted for, climate change can undermine the efficacy of such efforts. Despite this, integration of climate change adaptation and resilience into spatial marine conservation and management has been limited in Canada and elsewhere. With climate change impacts becoming increasingly severe, now is the time to anticipate and reduce impacts wherever possible. We provide five recommendations for an inclusive, proactive, climate-ready approach for Canada’s growing marine conservation network: (1) integrating climate-resilience as a universal objective of the Canadian Marine Conservation Network, creating and implementing (2) national transdisciplinary working groups with representation from all knowledge holders and (3) necessary tools that integrate climate change into conservation design, (4) defining operational and climate-relevant monitoring and management objectives, and (5) strengthening communication and increasing knowledge exchange around the roles and benefits of protected areas within government and towards the public. Canada’s extensive marine and coastal areas reflect national and international responsibility to engage on this issue. Canada is well positioned to assume a leading role in climate change adaptation for marine conservation and help accelerate progress towards international commitments around mitigating ongoing biodiversity loss and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bryndum-Buchholz
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystem Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NB A1C 5R3, Canada
| | - K. Boerder
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - R.R.E. Stanley
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - I. Hurley
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - D.G. Boyce
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - K.M. Dunmall
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Cr., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - K.L. Hunter
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - H.K. Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - N.L. Shackell
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - B. Worm
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Ocean Frontier Institute, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - D.P. Tittensor
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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21
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Lotze HK, Mellon S, Coyne J, Betts M, Burchell M, Fennel K, Dusseault MA, Fuller SD, Galbraith E, Garcia Suarez L, de Gelleke L, Golombek N, Kelly B, Kuehn SD, Oliver E, MacKinnon M, Muraoka W, Predham IT, Rutherford K, Shackell N, Sherwood O, Sibert EC, Kienast M. Long-term ocean and resource dynamics in a hotspot of climate change. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance, distribution, and size of marine species are linked to temperature and nutrient regimes and are profoundly affected by humans through exploitation and climate change. Yet little is known about long-term historical links between ocean environmental changes and resource abundance to provide context for current and potential future trends and inform conservation and management. We synthesize >4000 years of climate and marine ecosystem dynamics in a Northwest Atlantic region currently undergoing rapid changes, the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. This period spans the late Holocene cooling and recent warming and includes both Indigenous and European influence. We compare environmental records from instrumental, sedimentary, coral, and mollusk archives with ecological records from fossils, archaeological, historical, and modern data, and integrate future model projections of environmental and ecosystem changes. This multidisciplinary synthesis provides insight into multiple reference points and shifting baselines of environmental and ecosystem conditions, and projects a near-future departure from natural climate variability in 2028 for the Scotian Shelf and 2034 for the Gulf of Maine. Our work helps advancing integrative end-to-end modeling to improve the predictive capacity of ecosystem forecasts with climate change. Our results can be used to adjust marine conservation strategies and network planning and adapt ecosystem-based management with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike K. Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stefanie Mellon
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jonathan Coyne
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Matthew Betts
- Canadian Museum of History, Gatineau, QC K1A 0M8, Canada
| | - Meghan Burchell
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Katja Fennel
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Marisa A. Dusseault
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Eric Galbraith
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E8, Canada
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Garcia Suarez
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laura de Gelleke
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nina Golombek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Sarah D. Kuehn
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Eric Oliver
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Megan MacKinnon
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Wendy Muraoka
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ian T.G. Predham
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Krysten Rutherford
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nancy Shackell
- Ocean and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1J6, Canada
| | - Owen Sherwood
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C. Sibert
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, PO Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, 170 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Markus Kienast
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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22
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Queirós AM, Talbot E, Beaumont NJ, Somerfield PJ, Kay S, Pascoe C, Dedman S, Fernandes JA, Jueterbock A, Miller PI, Sailley SF, Sará G, Carr LM, Austen MC, Widdicombe S, Rilov G, Levin LA, Hull SC, Walmsley SF, Nic Aonghusa C. Bright spots as climate-smart marine spatial planning tools for conservation and blue growth. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5514-5531. [PMID: 34486773 PMCID: PMC9291121 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine spatial planning that addresses ocean climate-driven change ('climate-smart MSP') is a global aspiration to support economic growth, food security and ecosystem sustainability. Ocean climate change ('CC') modelling may become a key decision-support tool for MSP, but traditional modelling analysis and communication challenges prevent their broad uptake. We employed MSP-specific ocean climate modelling analyses to inform a real-life MSP process; addressing how nature conservation and fisheries could be adapted to CC. We found that the currently planned distribution of these activities may become unsustainable during the policy's implementation due to CC, leading to a shortfall in its sustainability and blue growth targets. Significant, climate-driven ecosystem-level shifts in ocean components underpinning designated sites and fishing activity were estimated, reflecting different magnitudes of shifts in benthic versus pelagic, and inshore versus offshore habitats. Supporting adaptation, we then identified: CC refugia (areas where the ecosystem remains within the boundaries of its present state); CC hotspots (where climate drives the ecosystem towards a new state, inconsistent with each sectors' present use distribution); and for the first time, identified bright spots (areas where oceanographic processes drive range expansion opportunities that may support sustainable growth in the medium term). We thus create the means to: identify where sector-relevant ecosystem change is attributable to CC; incorporate resilient delivery of conservation and sustainable ecosystem management aims into MSP; and to harness opportunities for blue growth where they exist. Capturing CC bright spots alongside refugia within protected areas may present important opportunities to meet sustainability targets while helping support the fishing sector in a changing climate. By capitalizing on the natural distribution of climate resilience within ocean ecosystems, such climate-adaptive spatial management strategies could be seen as nature-based solutions to limit the impact of CC on ocean ecosystems and dependent blue economy sectors, paving the way for climate-smart MSP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Kay
- Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK
| | | | - Simon Dedman
- Hopkins Marine StationStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jose A. Fernandes
- AZTI‐Tecnalia, Marine ResearchBasque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)BizkaiaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Gianluca Sará
- Department of Earth and Marine ScienceLaboratory of EcologyUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | | | | | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of OceanographyIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research InstituteHaifaIsrael
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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23
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Cheung MWM, Hock K, Skirving W, Mumby PJ. Cumulative bleaching undermines systemic resilience of the Great Barrier Reef. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5385-5392.e4. [PMID: 34739820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and ENSO have triggered five mass coral bleaching events on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), three of which occurred in the last 5 years.1-5 Here, we explore the cumulative nature of recent impacts and how they fragment the reef's connectivity. The coverage and intensity of thermal stress have increased steadily over time. Cumulative bleaching in 2016, 2017, and 2020 is predicted to have reduced systemic larval supply by 26%, 50%, and 71%, respectively. Larval disruption is patchy and can guide interventions. The majority of severely bleached reefs (75%) are predicted to have experienced an 80%-100% loss of larval supply. Yet restoration would not be cost-effective in the 2% of such reefs (∼30) that still experience high larval supply. Managing such climate change impacts will benefit from emerging theory on the facilitation of genetic adaptation,6,7 which requires the existence of regions with predictably high or low thermal stress. We find that a third of reefs constitute warm spots that have consistently experienced bleaching stress. Moreover, 13% of the GBR are potential refugia that avoid significant warming more than expected by chance, with a modest proportion (14%) within highly protected areas. Coral connectivity is likely to become increasingly disrupted given the predicted escalation of climate-driven disturbances,8 but the existence of thermal refugia, potentially capable of delivering larvae to 58% of the GBR, may provide pockets of systemic resilience in the near-term. Theories of conservation planning for climate change will need to consider a shifting portfolio of thermal environments over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy W M Cheung
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Karlo Hock
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - William Skirving
- Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; ReefSense Pty Ltd, Cranbrook, QLD 4814, Australia
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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24
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Abstract
Marine biodiversity is the essential foundation for the structure and functioning of ocean ecosystems and for providing the full range of ecosystem services that benefit humans on local, regional, and global scales. These benefits include many visible as well as unseen functions and services such as the oxygen we breathe, the seafood we eat, the support of local livelihoods, the marine plants storing 'blue' carbon and protecting our shorelines, the medical and biochemical compounds found in marine species, the coral reefs we explore when scuba diving, and the charismatic creatures inspiring our lives. All these benefits are provided by the diversity and interplay of ocean life, from tiny plankton and bacteria to 30 metre whales and giant kelp.
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25
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Pettorelli N, Graham NAJ, Seddon N, Maria da Cunha Bustamante M, Lowton MJ, Sutherland WJ, Koldewey HJ, Prentice HC, Barlow J. Time to integrate global climate change and biodiversity science‐policy agendas. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Seddon
- Nature‐based Solutions Initiative Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | | | - William J. Sutherland
- Department of Zoology Cambridge University Cambridge UK
- BioRISC (Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s) St Catharine’s College Cambridge UK
| | - Heather J. Koldewey
- Conservation and Policy Zoological Society of London London UK
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
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26
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Grorud-Colvert K, Sullivan-Stack J, Roberts C, Constant V, Horta E Costa B, Pike EP, Kingston N, Laffoley D, Sala E, Claudet J, Friedlander AM, Gill DA, Lester SE, Day JC, Gonçalves EJ, Ahmadia GN, Rand M, Villagomez A, Ban NC, Gurney GG, Spalding AK, Bennett NJ, Briggs J, Morgan LE, Moffitt R, Deguignet M, Pikitch EK, Darling ES, Jessen S, Hameed SO, Di Carlo G, Guidetti P, Harris JM, Torre J, Kizilkaya Z, Agardy T, Cury P, Shah NJ, Sack K, Cao L, Fernandez M, Lubchenco J. The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean. Science 2021; 373:eabf0861. [PMID: 34516798 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Grorud-Colvert
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Jenna Sullivan-Stack
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Callum Roberts
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Vanessa Constant
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Barbara Horta E Costa
- Center of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.,School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Pike
- Marine Protection Atlas, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, 98103-9090, USA.,Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Naomi Kingston
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.,UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Laffoley
- IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.,School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Enric Sala
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2190, USA
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 75005 Paris, France.,Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Alan M Friedlander
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.,Pristine Seas, National Geography Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - David A Gill
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Sarah E Lester
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2190, USA
| | - Jon C Day
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Emanuel J Gonçalves
- Pristine Seas, National Geography Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA.,Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.,Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.,Oceano Azul Foundation, Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I,1990-005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabby N Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Matt Rand
- IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.,Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Angelo Villagomez
- IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.,Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Natalie C Ban
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Georgina G Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Ana K Spalding
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.,Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.,School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Coiba Scientific Station (Coiba AIP), Panama City, Panama.,Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Nathan J Bennett
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 75005 Paris, France.,The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Johnny Briggs
- Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | | | - Russell Moffitt
- Marine Protection Atlas, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, 98103-9090, USA.,Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Marine Deguignet
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ellen K Pikitch
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA.,School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Emily S Darling
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Sabine Jessen
- Marine Protection Atlas, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, 98103-9090, USA.,National Ocean Program, Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society, Ottawa, ON K2P 0A4, Canada
| | - Sarah O Hameed
- The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Blue Parks Program, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | | | - Paolo Guidetti
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), V16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean M Harris
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Gomeroy Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Jorge Torre
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C. Isla del Peruano 215, Col. Lomas de Miramar, Guaymas, Sonora, 85454, Mexico
| | - Zafer Kizilkaya
- Mediterranean Conservation Society, Bornova, Izmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Tundi Agardy
- Oceano Azul Foundation, Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I,1990-005 Lisbon, Portugal.,Sound Seas, Colrain, MA 01340, USA
| | - Philippe Cury
- Center of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.,MARBEC, Montpellier University, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Sète, France
| | - Nirmal J Shah
- School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.,Nature Seychelles, Centre for Environment and Education, Sanctuary at Roche Caiman, Mahe, Seychelles
| | - Karen Sack
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Ocean Unite, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Ling Cao
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 230000, China
| | - Miriam Fernandez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Coiba Scientific Station (Coiba AIP), Panama City, Panama.,Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas de Las Cruces and Departmento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jane Lubchenco
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
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27
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Arafeh‐Dalmau N, Brito‐Morales I, Schoeman DS, Possingham HP, Klein CJ, Richardson AJ. Incorporating climate velocity into the design of climate‐smart networks of marine protected areas. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Arafeh‐Dalmau
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Isaac Brito‐Morales
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere BioSciences Precinct (QBP) St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - David S. Schoeman
- Global‐Change Ecology Research Group School of Science, Technology and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore Queensland Australia
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Gqeberha South Africa
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- The Nature Conservancy Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Carissa J. Klein
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere BioSciences Precinct (QBP) St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
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28
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Nielsen ES, Henriques R, Beger M, von der Heyden S. Distinct interspecific and intraspecific vulnerability of coastal species to global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3415-3431. [PMID: 33904200 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterising and predicting species responses to anthropogenic global change is one of the key challenges in contemporary ecology and conservation. The sensitivity of marine species to climate change is increasingly being described with forecasted species distributions, yet these rarely account for population level processes such as genomic variation and local adaptation. This study compares inter- and intraspecific patterns of biological composition to determine how vulnerability to climate change, and its environmental drivers, vary across species and populations. We compare species trajectories for three ecologically important southern African marine invertebrates at two time points in the future, both at the species level, with correlative species distribution models, and at the population level, with gradient forest models. Reported range shifts are species-specific and include both predicted range gains and losses. Forecasted species responses to climate change are strongly influenced by changes in a suite of environmental variables, from sea surface salinity and sea surface temperature, to minimum air temperature. Our results further suggest a mismatch between future habitat suitability (where species can remain in their ecological niche) and genomic vulnerability (where populations retain their genomic composition), highlighting the inter- and intraspecific variability in species' sensitivity to global change. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of considering species and population level climatic vulnerability when proactively managing coastal marine ecosystems in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Nielsen
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Romina Henriques
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
- Section for Marine Living Resources, Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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29
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Thomson AI, Archer FI, Coleman MA, Gajardo G, Goodall‐Copestake WP, Hoban S, Laikre L, Miller AD, O’Brien D, Pérez‐Espona S, Segelbacher G, Serrão EA, Sjøtun K, Stanley MS. Charting a course for genetic diversity in the UN Decade of Ocean Science. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1497-1518. [PMID: 34178100 PMCID: PMC8210796 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The health of the world's oceans is intrinsically linked to the biodiversity of the ecosystems they sustain. The importance of protecting and maintaining ocean biodiversity has been affirmed through the setting of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 to conserve and sustainably use the ocean for society's continuing needs. The decade beginning 2021-2030 has additionally been declared as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. This program aims to maximize the benefits of ocean science to the management, conservation, and sustainable development of the marine environment by facilitating communication and cooperation at the science-policy interface. A central principle of the program is the conservation of species and ecosystem components of biodiversity. However, a significant omission from the draft version of the Decade of Ocean Science Implementation Plan is the acknowledgment of the importance of monitoring and maintaining genetic biodiversity within species. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of genetic diversity to adaptive capacity, evolutionary potential, community function, and resilience within populations, as well as highlighting some of the major threats to genetic diversity in the marine environment from direct human impacts and the effects of global climate change. We then highlight the significance of ocean genetic diversity to a diverse range of socioeconomic factors in the marine environment, including marine industries, welfare and leisure pursuits, coastal communities, and wider society. Genetic biodiversity in the ocean, and its monitoring and maintenance, is then discussed with respect to its integral role in the successful realization of the 2030 vision for the Decade of Ocean Science. Finally, we suggest how ocean genetic diversity might be better integrated into biodiversity management practices through the continued interaction between environmental managers and scientists, as well as through key leverage points in industry requirements for Blue Capital financing and social responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melinda A. Coleman
- New South Wales FisheriesNational Marine Science CentreCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- National Marine Science CentreSouthern Cross UniversityCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Genetics, Aquaculture & BiodiversityUniversidad de Los LagosOsornoChile
| | | | - Sean Hoban
- Centre for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleILUSA
| | - Linda Laikre
- Centre for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleILUSA
- The Wildlife Analysis UnitThe Swedish Environmental Protection AgencyStockholmSweden
| | - Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | | | - Sílvia Pérez‐Espona
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteMidlothianUK
| | - Gernot Segelbacher
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and ManagementUniversity FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- CCMARCentre of Marine SciencesFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Kjersti Sjøtun
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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30
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Xuereb A, D'Aloia CC, Andrello M, Bernatchez L, Fortin MJ. Incorporating putatively neutral and adaptive genomic data into marine conservation planning. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:909-920. [PMID: 32785955 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The availability of genomic data for an increasing number of species makes it possible to incorporate evolutionary processes into conservation plans. Recent studies show how genetic data can inform spatial conservation prioritization (SCP), but they focus on metrics of diversity and distinctness derived primarily from neutral genetic data sets. Identifying adaptive genetic markers can provide important information regarding the capacity for populations to adapt to environmental change. Yet, the effect of including metrics based on adaptive genomic data into SCP in comparison to more widely used neutral genetic metrics has not been explored. We used existing genomic data on a commercially exploited species, the giant California sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus), to perform SCP for the coastal region of British Columbia (BC), Canada. Using a RAD-seq data set for 717 P. californicus individuals across 24 sampling locations, we identified putatively adaptive (i.e., candidate) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on genotype-environment associations with seafloor temperature. We calculated various metrics for both neutral and candidate SNPs and compared SCP outcomes with independent metrics and combinations of metrics. Priority areas varied depending on whether neutral or candidate SNPs were used and on the specific metric used. For example, targeting sites with a high frequency of warm-temperature-associated alleles to support persistence under future warming prioritized areas in the southern coastal region. In contrast, targeting sites with high expected heterozygosity at candidate loci to support persistence under future environmental uncertainty prioritized areas in the north. When combining metrics, all scenarios generated intermediate solutions, protecting sites that span latitudinal and thermal gradients. Our results demonstrate that distinguishing between neutral and adaptive markers can affect conservation solutions and emphasize the importance of defining objectives when choosing among various genomic metrics for SCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Xuereb
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Cassidy C D'Aloia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Marco Andrello
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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31
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Selmoni O, Lecellier G, Vigliola L, Berteaux-Lecellier V, Joost S. Coral cover surveys corroborate predictions on reef adaptive potential to thermal stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19680. [PMID: 33184366 PMCID: PMC7661510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As anomalous heat waves are causing the widespread decline of coral reefs worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify coral populations tolerant to thermal stress. Heat stress adaptive potential is the degree of tolerance expected from evolutionary processes and, for a given reef, depends on the arrival of propagules from reefs exposed to recurrent thermal stress. For this reason, assessing spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and reef connectivity is of paramount importance to inform conservation strategies. In this work, we applied a seascape genomics framework to characterize the spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and connectivity for coral reefs of New Caledonia (Southern Pacific). In this approach, remote sensing of seascape conditions was combined with genomic data from three coral species. For every reef of the region, we computed a probability of heat stress adaptation, and two indices forecasting inbound and outbound connectivity. We then compared our indicators to field survey data, and observed that decrease of coral cover after heat stress was lower at reefs predicted with high probability of adaptation and inbound connectivity. Last, we discussed how these indicators can be used to inform local conservation strategies and preserve the adaptive potential of New Caledonian reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Selmoni
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-Ifremer-UNC-UR, Labex CORAIL, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | - Gaël Lecellier
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-Ifremer-UNC-UR, Labex CORAIL, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
- UVSQ, Université de Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-Ifremer-UNC-UR, Labex CORAIL, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | | | - Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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32
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Clarke TM, Reygondeau G, Wabnitz C, Robertson R, Ixquiac‐Cabrera M, López M, Ramírez Coghi AR, del Río Iglesias JL, Wehrtmann I, Cheung WW. Climate change impacts on living marine resources in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tayler M. Clarke
- Changing Ocean Research Unit Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Changing Ocean Research Unit Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Colette Wabnitz
- Changing Ocean Research Unit Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | | | - Manuel Ixquiac‐Cabrera
- Centro de Estudios del Mar y Acuicultura Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala
| | - Myrna López
- Museo de Zoología Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Ingo Wehrtmann
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - William W.L. Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
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33
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Magris RA, Costa MDP, Ferreira CEL, Vilar CC, Joyeux J, Creed JC, Copertino MS, Horta PA, Sumida PYG, Francini‐Filho RB, Floeter SR. A blueprint for securing Brazil's marine biodiversity and supporting the achievement of global conservation goals. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Magris
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Environment Brasilia Brazil
| | - Micheli D. P. Costa
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Melbourne Vic. Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Carlos E. L. Ferreira
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab Departamento de Biologia Marinha Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ciro C. Vilar
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil
| | - Jean‐Christophe Joyeux
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil
| | - Joel C. Creed
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara GomesUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Margareth S. Copertino
- Lab. Ecologia Vegetal Costeira Instituto de Oceanografia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG Rio Grande Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Horta
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Paulo Y. G. Sumida
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo Praça do Oceanográfico São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Sergio R. Floeter
- Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory Department of Ecology and Zoology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
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