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Segura C, Neal AL, Castro-Sardiňa L, Harris P, Rivero MJ, Cardenas LM, Irisarri JGN. Comparison of direct and indirect soil organic carbon prediction at farm field scale. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121573. [PMID: 38936020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
To advance sustainable and resilient agricultural management policies, especially during land use changes, it is imperative to monitor, report, and verify soil organic carbon (SOC) content rigorously to inform its stock. However, conventional methods often entail challenging, time-consuming, and costly direct soil measurements. Integrating data from long-term experiments (LTEs) with freely available remote sensing (RS) techniques presents exciting prospects for assessing SOC temporal and spatial change. The objective of this study was to develop a low-cost, field-based statistical model that could be used as a decision-making aid to understand the temporal and spatial variation of SOC content in temperate farmland under different land use and management. A ten-year dataset from the North Wyke Farm Platform, a 20-field, LTE system established in southwestern England in 2010, was used as a case study in conjunction with an RS dataset. Linear, additive and mixed regression models were compared for predicting SOC content based upon combinations of environmental variables that are freely accessible (termed open) and those that require direct measurement or farmer questionnaires (termed closed). These included an RS-derived Ecosystem Services Provision Index (ESPI), topography (slope, aspect), weather (temperature, precipitation), soil (soil units, total nitrogen [TN], pH), and field management practices. Additive models (specifically Generalised Additive Models (GAMs)) were found to be the most effective at predicting space-time SOC variability. When the combined open and closed factors (excluding TN) were considered, significant predictors of SOC were: management related to ploughing being the most important predictor, soil unit (class), aspect, and temperature (GAM fit with a normalised RMSE = 9.1%, equivalent to 0.4% of SOC content). The relative strength of the best-fitting GAM with open data only, which included ESPI, aspect, and slope (normalised RMSE = 13.0%, equivalent to 0.6% of SOC content), suggested that this more practical and cost-effective model enables sufficiently accurate prediction of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Segura
- Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK.
| | - A L Neal
- Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - L Castro-Sardiňa
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Harris
- Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - M J Rivero
- Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - L M Cardenas
- Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - J G N Irisarri
- Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
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Poeplau C, Dechow R, Begill N, Don A. Towards an ecosystem capacity to stabilise organic carbon in soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17453. [PMID: 39099457 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual, and particularly the formation of fine fraction carbon (OCfine), has a large potential to act as sink for atmospheric CO2. For reliable estimates of this potential and efficient policy advice, the major limiting factors for OCfine accrual need to be understood. The upper boundary of the correlation between fine mineral particles (silt + clay) and OCfine is widely used to estimate the maximum mineralogical capacity of soils to store OCfine, suggesting that mineral surfaces get C saturated. Using a dataset covering the temperate zone and partly other climates on OCfine contents and a SOC turnover model, we provide two independent lines of evidence, that this empirical upper boundary does not indicate C saturation. Firstly, the C loading of the silt + clay fraction was found to strongly exceed previous saturation estimates in coarse-textured soils, which raises the question of why this is not observed in fine-textured soils. Secondly, a subsequent modelling exercise revealed, that for 74% of all investigated soils, local net primary production (NPP) would not be sufficient to reach a C loading of 80 g C kg-1 silt + clay, which was previously assumed to be a general C saturation point. The proportion of soils with potentially enough NPP to reach that point decreased strongly with increasing silt + clay content. High C loadings can thus hardly be reached in more fine-textured soils, even if all NPP would be available as C input. As a pragmatic approach, we introduced texture-dependent, empirical maximum C loadings of the fine fraction, that decreased from 160 g kg-1 in coarse to 75 g kg-1 in most fine-textured soils. We conclude that OCfine accrual in soils is mainly limited by C inputs and is strongly modulated by texture, mineralogy, climate and other site properties, which could be formulated as an ecosystem capacity to stabilise SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rene Dechow
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Neha Begill
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Axel Don
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
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Rebi A, Wang G, Irfan M, Hussain A, Mustafa A, Flynn T, Ejaz I, Raza T, Mushtaq P, Rizwan M, Zhou J. Unraveling the impact of wildfires on permafrost ecosystems: Vulnerability, implications, and management strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120917. [PMID: 38663084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Permafrost regions play an important role in global carbon and nitrogen cycling, storing enormous amounts of organic carbon and preserving a delicate balance of nutrient dynamics. However, the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires in these regions pose significant challenges to the stability of these ecosystems. This review examines the effects of fire on chemical, biological, and physical properties of permafrost regions. The physical, chemical, and pedological properties of frozen soil are impacted by fires, leading to changes in soil structure, porosity, and hydrological functioning. The combustion of organic matter during fires releases carbon and nitrogen, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loss. Understanding the interactions between fire severity, ecosystem processes, and the implications for permafrost regions is crucial for predicting the impacts of wildfires and developing effective strategies for ecosystem protection and agricultural productivity in frozen soils. By synthesizing available knowledge and research findings, this review enhances our understanding of fire severity's implications for permafrost ecosystems and offers insights into effective fire management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Rebi
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, Islamia University Bahawalpur-63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Azfar Hussain
- International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCO, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Trevan Flynn
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2194, Sweden
| | - Irsa Ejaz
- Department of Crop Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Taqi Raza
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Parsa Mushtaq
- Research Center for Urban Forestry of Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Jinxing Zhou
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Raimanova I, Svoboda P, Moulik M, Wollnerova J, Haberle J. The Effect of Water Availability on the Carbon Content of Grain and Above- and Belowground Residues in Common and Einkorn Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:181. [PMID: 38256735 PMCID: PMC10820846 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The carbon (C) fixed by crops, which is exported with harvest and retained as postharvest residues in a field, is important for calculating the C balance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water availability on the C content in whole wheat plants. In a three-year field trial, the weights of grain, straw, chaff, stubble, and roots of two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and one cultivar of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) and their carbon contents were determined in water stress, irrigation, and rain-fed control treatments. The water availability, year, and cultivar had a significant influence on the C content in aboveground plant parts, but the effect of water on grain C was weak. The C content decreased with irrigation and increased with drought, but the differences were small (at most, 3.39% in chaff). On average, the C contents of grain, straw, chaff, and roots reached 45.0, 45.7, 42.6, and 34.9%, respectively. The amount of C exported with grain and left on the field in the form of postharvest residues depended on the weight of the total biomass and the ratio of grain to straw and residue. Whole plant C yield reached 8.99, 7.46, and 9.65 t ha-1 in rain-fed control, stressed, and irrigated treatments, respectively, and 8.91, 9.45, and 7.47 t ha-1 in Artix, Butterfly, and Rumona, respectively. Irrigation significantly increased the C content in grain and straw (but not in chaff, stubble, and roots) in comparison with water shortage conditions. On average, a grain yield of 1 t ha-1 corresponded to an average export of 0.447-0.454 t C ha-1 in the grain of all cultivars and inputs of 0.721, 0.832, and 2.207 t C ha-1 of residue to the soil in the form of straw and postharvest residue in the two cultivars of common wheat and one of einkorn. The results of the study provided reliable data for the calculation of the C balance of wheat under conditions of different water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Raimanova
- Department of Sustainable Arable Land Management and Cropping Systems, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (M.M.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
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Verrone V, Gupta A, Laloo AE, Dubey RK, Hamid NAA, Swarup S. Organic matter stability and lability in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: A chemical and microbial perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167757. [PMID: 37852479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have specific carbon fingerprints and sequestration potential, due to the intrinsic properties of the organic matter (OM), mineral content, environmental conditions, and microbial community composition and functions. A small variation in the OM pool can imbalance the carbon dynamics that ultimately affect the climate and functionality of each ecosystem, at regional and global scales. Here, we review the factors that continuously contribute to carbon stability and lability, with particular attention to the OM formation and nature, as well as the microbial activities that drive OM aggregation, degradation and eventually greenhouse gas emissions. We identified that in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, microbial attributes (i.e., carbon metabolism, carbon use efficiency, necromass, enzymatic activities) play a pivotal role in transforming the carbon stock and yet they are far from being completely characterised and not often included in carbon estimations. Therefore, future research must focus on the integration of microbial components into carbon mapping and models, as well as on translating molecular-scaled studies into practical approaches. These strategies will improve carbon management and restoration across ecosystems and contribute to overcome current climate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Verrone
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore,117411, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Singapore Centre of Environmental Engineering and Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrew Elohim Laloo
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore,117411, Singapore; Singapore Centre of Environmental Engineering and Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rama Kant Dubey
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore,117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Nur Ashikin Abdul Hamid
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore,117411, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore,117411, Singapore; Singapore Centre of Environmental Engineering and Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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Lucas M, Santiago JP, Chen J, Guber A, Kravchenko A. The soil pore structure encountered by roots affects plant-derived carbon inputs and fate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:515-528. [PMID: 37532958 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots are the main supplier of carbon (C) to the soil, the largest terrestrial C reservoir. Soil pore structure drives root growth, yet how it affects belowground C inputs remains a critical knowledge gap. By combining X-ray computed tomography with 14 C plant labelling, we identified root-soil contact as a previously unrecognised influence on belowground plant C allocations and on the fate of plant-derived C in the soil. Greater contact with the surrounding soil, when the growing root encounters a pore structure dominated by small (< 40 μm Ø) pores, results in strong rhizodeposition but in areas of high microbial activity. The root system of Rudbeckia hirta revealed high plasticity and thus maintained high root-soil contact. This led to greater C inputs across a wide range of soil pore structures. The root-soil contact Panicum virgatum, a promising bioenergy feedstock crop, was sensitive to the encountered structure. Pore structure built by a polyculture, for example, restored prairie, can be particularly effective in promoting lateral root growth and thus root-soil contact and associated C benefits. The findings suggest that the interaction of pore structure with roots is an important, previously unrecognised, stimulus of soil C gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Lucas
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Soil System Sciences, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), 06110, Germany
| | - James P Santiago
- Plant Resilience Institute and MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jinyi Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Andrey Guber
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Alexandra Kravchenko
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Poeplau C, Begill N, Liang Z, Schiedung M. Root litter quality drives the dynamic of native mineral-associated organic carbon in a temperate agricultural soil. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 491:439-456. [PMID: 37869369 PMCID: PMC10589181 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Understanding the fate and residence time of organic matter added to soils, and its effect on native soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralisation is key for developing efficient SOC sequestration strategies. Here, the effect of litter quality, particularly the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, on the dynamics of particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) were studied. Methods In a two-year incubation experiment, root litter samples of the C4-grass Miscanthus with four different C:N ratios ranging from 50 to 124 were added to a loamy agricultural topsoil. In an additional treatment, ammonium nitrate was added to the C:N 124 litter to match the C:N 50 litter input ratio. Soils were size-fractionated after 6, 12 and 24 months and δ13C was measured to determine the proportion of new and native POC and MAOC. Litter quality was further assessed by mid-infrared spectroscopy and compound peak analysis. Results Litter quality strongly affected SOC dynamics, with total SOC losses of 42.5 ± 3.0% in the C:N 50 treatment and 48.9 ± 3.0% in the C:N 124 treatment after 24 months. Largest treatment effects occurred in mineralisation of native MAOC, which was strongly primed by litter addition. The N amendment in the C:N 124 treatment did not alleviate this potential N mining flux. Conclusion Litter quality plays a major role in overall SOC dynamics, and priming for N mining from the MAOC pool could be a dominant mechanism. However, adding N did not compensate for poor litter quality, highlighting the role of litter quality beyond stoichiometric imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Poeplau
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Neha Begill
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830 Denmark
| | - Marcus Schiedung
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057 Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092 Switzerland
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Osei R, Titeux H, del Río M, Ruiz-Peinado R, Bielak K, Bravo F, Collet C, Cools C, Cornelis JT, Drössler L, Heym M, Korboulewsky N, Löf M, Muys B, Najib Y, Nothdurft A, Pach M, Pretzsch H, Ponette Q. Climatic water availability modifies tree functional diversity effects on soil organic carbon storage in European forests. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH 2023; 142:1-13. [PMID: 37363183 PMCID: PMC10212220 DOI: 10.1007/s10342-023-01579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Forest stand and environmental factors influence soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, but little is known about their relative impacts in different soil layers. Moreover, how environmental factors modulate the impact of stand factors, particularly species mixing, on SOC storage, is largely unexplored. In this study, conducted in 21 forest triplets (two monocultures of different species and their mixture on the same site) distributed in Europe, we tested the hypothesis that stand factors (functional identity and diversity) have stronger effects on topsoil (FF + 0-10 cm) C storage than environmental factors (climatic water availability, clay + silt content, oxalate-extractable Al-Alox) but that the opposite occurs in the subsoil (10-40 cm). We also tested the hypothesis that functional diversity improves SOC storage under high climatic water availability, clay + silt contents, and Alox. We characterized functional identity as the basal area proportion of broadleaved species (beech and/or oak), and functional diversity as the product of broadleaved and conifer (pine) proportions. The results show that functional identity was the main driver of topsoil C storage, while climatic water availability had the largest control on subsoil C storage. Functional diversity decreased topsoil C storage under increasing climatic water availability, but the opposite was observed in the subsoil. Functional diversity effects on topsoil C increased with increasing clay + silt content, while its effects on subsoil C were negative at increasing Alox content. This suggests that functional diversity effect on SOC storage changes along gradients in environmental factors and the direction of effects depends on soil depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Osei
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hugues Titeux
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Miren del Río
- Forest Research Centre, INIA, CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña km 7’5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kamil Bielak
- Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159/34, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felipe Bravo
- iuFOR- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid – INIA, Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Catherine Collet
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Corentin Cools
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Thomas Cornelis
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Lars Drössler
- Forest Research and Competence Center Gotha, ThüringenForst AÖR, Jägerstraße 1, 99867 Gotha, Germany
| | - Michael Heym
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Hans Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Magnus Löf
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Bart Muys
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yasmina Najib
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arne Nothdurft
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maciej Pach
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29-listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Quentin Ponette
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Dang Z, Guo N, Li S, Degen AA, Cao J, Deng B, Wang A, Peng Z, Ding L, Long R, Shang Z. Effect of grazing exclusion on emission of greenhouse gases and soil organic carbon turnover in alpine shrub meadow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159758. [PMID: 36349635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grazing exclusion (GE) is a management option used widely to restore degraded grassland and improve grassland ecosystems. However, the impacts of GE on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions of alpine shrub meadow are still unclear, especially long-term GE of more than ten years. To fill part of this gap, we examined the effects of long-term GE of alpine shrub meadow on soil nutrients, soil properties, greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and CH4) and soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover. When compared to grazed grassland (GG), long-term GE resulted in: 1) greater SOC, nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) content, especially in the 20-30 cm soil layer; 2) greater soil C:N, C:P and N:P ratios in the 20-30 cm depth; 3) greater soil CO2, but lesser CH4 emission during the growing season; and 4) much faster SOC turnover time (0-30 cm). GE of more than ten years can increase grassland C reserves and improve the C sequestration capacity of the ecosystem. Results from this study can have important implications in developing future grassland management policies on soil nutrient balances, restoration of degraded grassland and controlling shrub expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Na Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - A Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410500, Israel
| | - Jingjuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Aidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Luming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Bleken MA, Rittl TF, Nadeem S, Hansen S. Roots and other residues from leys with or without red clover: Quality and effects on N 2O emission factors in a partly frozen soil following autumn ploughing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154582. [PMID: 35367262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Revised IPCC guidelines assume that a constant share of N in decomposing crop residues is directly emitted as N2O (emission factor: EFN2O), and calculate the amount of nitrogen (N) in non-removable residues of temporary grasslands proportionally to the average annual herbage yield. However, EFN2O depends on the intrinsic quality of the residues and their interactions with environmental conditions. Only a few field studies on N2O emissions from grassland renewal are available, and none have simultaneously quantified the N amount and quality of non-removable residues (roots and stubble). To gain insight into the effect of non-removable residue quality on EFN2O, we studied the amount and quality of roots and stubble and their effect on EFN2O following the ploughing of three-year-old swards. The measured amount of N in non-removable residues was approximately 20, 25, and 31 kg N per 1 Mg average annual dry matter yield in grass, red clover-grass, and red clover, and 70-83% of it was below ground. However, the EFN2O of non-removable residues measured over 252 days was lower (0.24%, SE = 14% for grass and red clover-grass) than the IPCC default value (0.6%, CV: 50%) for wet regions, although within the uncertainty margin, and was significantly lower than the EFN2O of incorporated herbage, which was related to differences in EFCO2. We advocate for more specific studies that separate the effects of belowground and aboveground residues (AGR), considering the possibility of simplifying the accounting of N2O emissions from belowground residues while improving that of non-removable AGR from temporary grasslands and other green crops. We observed the accumulation of N2O in the frozen soil under snow, which was released during diurnal percolation of meltwater. N2O emissions from frozen soil accounted for 30% or more of the total emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Azzaroli Bleken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Tatiana Francischinelli Rittl
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Presently Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway..
| | - Shahid Nadeem
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sissel Hansen
- Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway..
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11
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Heckman K, Hicks Pries CE, Lawrence CR, Rasmussen C, Crow SE, Hoyt AM, von Fromm SF, Shi Z, Stoner S, McGrath C, Beem-Miller J, Berhe AA, Blankinship JC, Keiluweit M, Marín-Spiotta E, Monroe JG, Plante AF, Schimel J, Sierra CA, Thompson A, Wagai R. Beyond bulk: Density fractions explain heterogeneity in global soil carbon abundance and persistence. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1178-1196. [PMID: 34862692 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the controls on the amount and persistence of soil organic carbon (C) is essential for predicting its sensitivity to global change. The response may depend on whether C is unprotected, isolated within aggregates, or protected from decomposition by mineral associations. Here, we present a global synthesis of the relative influence of environmental factors on soil organic C partitioning among pools, abundance in each pool (mg C g-1 soil), and persistence (as approximated by radiocarbon abundance) in relatively unprotected particulate and protected mineral-bound pools. We show that C within particulate and mineral-associated pools consistently differed from one another in degree of persistence and relationship to environmental factors. Soil depth was the best predictor of C abundance and persistence, though it accounted for more variance in persistence. Persistence of all C pools decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) throughout the soil profile, whereas persistence increased with increasing wetness index (MAP/PET) in subsurface soils (30-176 cm). The relationship of C abundance (mg C g-1 soil) to climate varied among pools and with depth. Mineral-associated C in surface soils (<30 cm) increased more strongly with increasing wetness index than the free particulate C, but both pools showed attenuated responses to the wetness index at depth. Overall, these relationships suggest a strong influence of climate on soil C properties, and a potential loss of soil C from protected pools in areas with decreasing wetness. Relative persistence and abundance of C pools varied significantly among land cover types and soil parent material lithologies. This variability in each pool's relationship to environmental factors suggests that not all soil organic C is equally vulnerable to global change. Therefore, projections of future soil organic C based on patterns and responses of bulk soil organic C may be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Heckman
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Corey R Lawrence
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Craig Rasmussen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Susan E Crow
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management Department, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alison M Hoyt
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sophie F von Fromm
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zheng Shi
- Computational Sciences & Engineering Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shane Stoner
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Casey McGrath
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management Department, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jeffrey Beem-Miller
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Asmeret Asefaw Berhe
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Joseph C Blankinship
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marco Keiluweit
- School of Earth & Sustainability and Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erika Marín-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J Grey Monroe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alain F Plante
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Schimel
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Carlos A Sierra
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and the Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rota Wagai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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