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Liu X, Heinzle J, Tian Y, Salas E, Kwatcho Kengdo S, Borken W, Schindlbacher A, Wanek W. Long-term soil warming changes the profile of primary metabolites in fine roots of Norway spruce in a temperate montane forest. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:4212-4226. [PMID: 38935880 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming poses major threats to temperate forests, but the response of tree root metabolism has largely remained unclear. We examined the impact of long-term soil warming (>14 years, +4°C) on the fine root metabolome across three seasons for 2 years in an old spruce forest, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform for primary metabolite analysis. A total of 44 primary metabolites were identified in roots (19 amino acids, 12 organic acids and 13 sugars). Warming increased the concentration of total amino acids and of total sugars by 15% and 21%, respectively, but not organic acids. We found that soil warming and sampling date, along with their interaction, directly influenced the primary metabolite profiles. Specifically, in warming plots, concentrations of arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, mannose, ribose, fructose, glucose and oxaloacetic acid increased by 51.4%, 19.9%, 21.5%, 19.3%, 22.1%, 23.0%, 38.0%, 40.7%, 19.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Rather than being driven by single compounds, changes in metabolite profiles reflected a general up- or downregulation of most metabolic pathway network. This emphasises the importance of metabolomics approaches in investigating root metabolic pathways and understanding the effects of climate change on tree root metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soils, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Salas
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steve Kwatcho Kengdo
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (Bayceer), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (Bayceer), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soils, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Cuartero J, Querejeta JI, Prieto I, Frey B, Alguacil MM. Warming and rainfall reduction alter soil microbial diversity and co-occurrence networks and enhance pathogenic fungi in dryland soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175006. [PMID: 39069184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In this 9-year manipulative field experiment, we examined the impacts of experimental warming (2 °C, W), rainfall reduction (30 % decrease in annual rainfall, RR), and their combination (W + RR) on soil microbial communities and native vegetation in a semi-arid shrubland in south-eastern Spain. Warming had strong negative effects on plant performance across five coexisting native shrub species, consistently reducing their aboveground biomass growth and long-term survival. The impacts of rainfall reduction on plant growth and survival were species-specific and more variable. Warming strongly altered the soil microbial community alpha-diversity and changed the co-occurrence network structure. The relative abundance of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increased under W and W + RR, which could help buffer the direct negative impacts of climate change on their host plants nutrition and enhance their resistance to heat and drought stress. Indicator microbial taxa analyses evidenced that the marked sequence abundance of many plant pathogenic fungi, such as Phaeoacremonium, Cyberlindnera, Acremonium, Occultifur, Neodevriesia and Stagonosporopsis, increased significantly in the W and W + RR treatments. Moreover, the relative abundance of fungal animal pathogens and mycoparasites in soil also increased significantly under climate warming. Our findings indicate that warmer and drier conditions sustained over several years can alter the soil microbial community structure, composition, and network topology. The projected warmer and drier climate favours pathogenic fungi, which could offset the benefits of increased AMF abundance under warming and further aggravate the severe detrimental impacts of increased abiotic stress on native vegetation performance and ecosystem services in drylands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cuartero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - J I Querejeta
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - I Prieto
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain; Area de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - B Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M M Alguacil
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
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3
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Nieves DJ, Reich PB, Stefanski A, Bermudez R, Beidler KV, Kennedy PG. Ectomycorrhizal fungal community response to warming and rainfall reduction differs between co-occurring temperate-boreal ecotonal Pinus saplings. MYCORRHIZA 2024:10.1007/s00572-024-01169-1. [PMID: 39382647 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the responses of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and their tree hosts to warming and reduced soil water availability under realistic future climate scenarios is essential, yet few studies have investigated how combined global change stressors impact ECM fungal community richness and composition as well as host performance. In this study, we leveraged a long-term factorial warming (ambient, + 1.7 ºC, + 3.2 ºC) and rainfall reduction (ambient, 30% reduced rainfall) experiment in northern Minnesota, USA to investigate the responses of two congeneric hosts with varying drought tolerances and their associated ECM fungal communities to a gradient of soil moisture induced by a combination of warming and rainfall reduction. Soil drying had host-specific effects; the less drought tolerant Pinus strobus had decreased stem growth and lower ECM fungal community richness (fewer ECM fungal Operational Taxonomic Units, OTUs), while the more drought tolerant Pinus banksiana experienced no decline in stem growth but had an altered ECM fungal community composition under drier, warmer soils. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the combined effects of warming and decreased precipitation will largely be additive in terms of their impact on host performance and ECM fungal community richness, but that drier and warmer soil conditions may also differentially impact specific ECM fungal genera independently of host performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyonishia J Nieves
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Raimundo Bermudez
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Katilyn V Beidler
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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4
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Wang X, Huang P, Ma M, Shan K, Wu S. Effects of riparian pioneer plants on soil aggregate stability: Roles of root traits and rhizosphere microorganisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173584. [PMID: 38823692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Pioneer plants are vital in stabilizing soil structure while restoring reservoir drawdown areas. However, uncertainties persist regarding the mechanism of pioneer plants to soil stability in these delicate ecosystems. This study aims to unravel the plant-soil feedback mechanisms from the roles of root traits and rhizosphere microorganisms. We conducted a mesocosm experiment focusing on four common pioneer plants from the drawdown area of Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Using the wet sieving methodology, trait-based approach and high-throughput sequencing technology, we explored soil aggregate stability parameters, plant root traits and rhizosphere microbial communities in experimental plant groups. The interacting effect of pioneer plant species richness, root traits, and rhizosphere microbial communities on soil aggregate stability was quantified by statistical and machine-learning models. Our results demonstrate that diverse pioneer plant communities significantly enhance soil aggregate stability. Notably, specific species, such as Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Xanthium strumarium L., exert a remarkably strong influence on soil stability due to their distinctive root traits. Root length density (RLD) and root specific surface area (RSA) were identified as crucial root traits mediating the impact of plant diversity on soil aggregate stability. Additionally, our study highlights the link between increased rhizosphere fungal richness, accompanied by plant species richness, and enhanced soil aggregate stability, likely attributable to elevated RLD and RSA. These insights deepen our understanding of the role of pioneer vegetation in soil structure and stability, providing valuable implications for ecological restoration and management practices in reservoir drawdown areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- CAS Key Lab on Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ping Huang
- CAS Key Lab on Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Maohua Ma
- CAS Key Lab on Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Kun Shan
- CAS Key Lab on Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Shengjun Wu
- CAS Key Lab on Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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5
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King WL, Hayward RJ, Goebel M, Fleishman SM, Bauerle TL, Bell TH. Getting to the root of root-microbe interactions. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241278783. [PMID: 39234658 PMCID: PMC11378194 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241278783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Microbial relationships with roots influence many ecosystem functions and nutrient fluxes, including their sometimes-profound effects on plant health and productivity. Fine roots were often classified with a diameter less than 2 mm, but fine roots under that size perform distinct functional roles in the environment. Importantly, two broad functional categories of fine roots are absorptive and transportive, with absorptive fine roots acting as metabolic hotspots for root activity. In two of our recent studies, we have shown that several microbial community characteristics differ between absorptive and transportive fine roots, including composition, abundance, and function, as well as the root metabolome. This highlights a growing recognition within microbial ecology that we must consider fine-scale environmental variability, such as root physiology and morphology, when interpreting microbial patterns. In this commentary, we summarize the findings of our latest article, further speculate on some of these patterns, and suggest future studies for examining decomposition and applying cutting-edge single-cell sequencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L King
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Regan J Hayward
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Goebel
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne M Fleishman
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Taryn L Bauerle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Terrence H Bell
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Cai M, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Zhao B, Cong N, Zhu J, Zheng Z, Wu W, Duan X. Excessive climate warming exacerbates nitrogen limitation on microbial metabolism in an alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172731. [PMID: 38663605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reflects the dynamic equilibrium between microorganism's nutrient requirements and resource availability. However, uncertainties persist regarding the key determinants of nutrient restriction in relation to microbial metabolism under varying degrees of warming. Our long-term and multi-level warming field experiment (control treatment, +0.42 °C, +1.50 °C, +2.55 °C) in a typical alpine meadow unveiled a decline in carbon (C)- and nitrogen (N)-acquired enzymes with escalating warming magnitudes, while phosphorus (P)-acquired enzymes displayed an opposite trend. Employing enzymatic stoichiometry modeling, we assessed the nutrient limitations of microbial metabolic activity and found that C and N co-limited microbial metabolic activities in the alpine meadow. Remarkably, high-level warming (+2.55 °C) exacerbated microbe N limitation, but alleviate C limitations. The structural equation modeling further indicated that alterations in soil extracellular enzyme characteristics (SES) were more effectively elucidated by microbial characteristics (microbial biomass C, N, P, and their ratios) rather than by soil nutrients (total nutrient contents and their ratios). However, the microbial control over SES diminished with higher levels of warming magnitude. Overall, our results provided novel evidence that the factors driving microbe metabolic limitation may vary with the degree of warming in Tibet alpine grasslands. Changes in nutrient demand for microorganism's metabolism in response to warming should be considered to improve nutrient management in adapting to different future warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Cai
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangjian Zhang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Guang Zhao
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Cong
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Zhu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhoutao Zheng
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Duan
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Liu Y, Li S, Wang L, Zhang P, Liu T, Li X. Temperature fluctuation in soil alters the nanoplastic sensitivity in wheat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172626. [PMID: 38657823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite the wide acknowledgment that plastic pollution and global warming have become serious agricultural concerns, their combined impact on crop growth remains poorly understood. Given the unabated megatrend, a simulated soil warming (SWT, +4 °C) microcosm experiment was carried out to provide a better understanding of the effects of temperature fluctuations on wheat seedlings exposed to nanoplastics (NPs, 1 g L-1 61.71 ± 0.31 nm polystyrene). It was documented that SWT induced oxidative stress in wheat seedlings grown in NPs-contaminated soil, with an 85.56 % increase in root activity, while decreasing plant height, fresh weight, and leaf area by 8.72 %, 47.68 %, and 15.04 % respectively. The SWT also resulted in reduced photosynthetic electron-transfer reaction and Calvin-Benson cycle in NPs-treated plants. Under NPs, SWT stimulated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolism and bio-oxidation process. The decrease in photosynthesis and the increase in respiration resulted in an 11.94 % decrease in net photosynthetic rate (Pn). These results indicated the complicated interplay between climate change and nanoplastic pollution in crop growth and underscored the potential risk of nanoplastic pollution on crop production in the future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in the Northeastern, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Engineering Laboratory for Eco-agriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Zhang L, Lin W, Sardans J, Li X, Hui D, Yang Z, Wang H, Lin H, Wang Y, Guo J, Peñuelas J, Yang Y. Soil warming-induced reduction in water content enhanced methane uptake at different soil depths in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171994. [PMID: 38561130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Global warming can significantly impact soil CH4 uptake in subtropical forests due to changes in soil moisture, temperature sensitivity of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB), and shifts in microbial communities. However, the specific effects of climate warming and the underlying mechanisms on soil CH4 uptake at different soil depths remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a soil warming experiment (+4 °C) in a natural forest. From August 2020 to October 2021, we measured soil temperature, soil moisture, and CH4 uptake rates at four different soil depths: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm. Additionally, we assessed the soil MOB community structure and pmoA gene (with qPCR) at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. Our findings revealed that warming significantly enhanced soil net CH4 uptake rate by 12.28 %, 29.51 %, and 61.05 % in the 0-10, 20-40, and 40-60 cm soil layers, respectively. The warming also led to reduced soil moisture levels, with more pronounced reductions observed at the 20-40 cm depth compared to the 0-20 cm depth. At the 0-10 cm depth, warming increased the relative abundance of upland soil cluster α (a type of MOB) and decreased the relative abundance of Methylocystis, but it did not significantly increase the pmoA gene copies. Our structural equation model analysis indicated that warming directly regulated soil CH4 uptake rate through the decrease in soil moisture, rather than through changes in the pmoA gene and MOB community structure at the 0-20 cm depth. In summary, our results demonstrate that warming enhances soil CH4 uptake at different depths, with soil moisture playing a crucial role in this process. Under warming conditions, the drier soil pores allow for better CH4 penetration, thereby promoting more efficient activity of MOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Weisheng Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian normal University, Sanming 365002, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian normal University, Sanming 365002, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jianfen Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian normal University, Sanming 365002, China.
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian normal University, Sanming 365002, China
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9
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Liu X, Tian Y, Heinzle J, Salas E, Kwatcho-Kengdo S, Borken W, Schindlbacher A, Wanek W. Long-term soil warming decreases soil microbial necromass carbon by adversely affecting its production and decomposition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17379. [PMID: 39031669 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) accounts for a large fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC) in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet our understanding of the fate of this large carbon pool under long-term warming is uncertain. Here, we show that 14 years of soil warming (+4°C) in a temperate forest resulted in a reduction in MNC by 11% (0-10 cm) and 33% (10-20 cm). Warming caused a decrease in the content of MNC due to a decline in microbial biomass carbon and reduced microbial carbon use efficiency. This reduction was primarily caused by warming-induced limitations in available soil phosphorus, which, in turn, constrained the production of microbial biomass. Conversely, warming increased the activity of soil extracellular enzymes, specifically N-acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase, which accelerated the decomposition of MNC. These findings collectively demonstrate that decoupling of MNC formation and decomposition underlie the observed MNC loss under climate warming, which could affect SOC content in temperate forest ecosystems more widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liu
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soils, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape - BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Salas
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steve Kwatcho-Kengdo
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (Bayceer), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (Bayceer), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soils, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape - BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Hu W, Zhao P. Soil warming affects sap flow and stomatal gas exchange through altering functional traits in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170581. [PMID: 38309334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming influences the structure and function of ecosystems. However, the mechanisms of plant water use and gas exchange responses to climate warming have been less studied, especially from the perspective of different functional traits. We conducted a field experiment to investigate how soil warming (+2 °C) affects sap flow and stomatal gas exchange through plant functional traits and nutrient characteristics in a subtropical forest. We measured stomatal gas exchange of trees (Acacia auriculiformis and Schima superba) and shrubs (Castanea henryi and Psychotria asiatica), and monitored long-term sap flow of both tree species. Besides, plant leaf nutrient contents, functional traits, and soil nutrients were also studied. It is demonstrated that soil warming significantly increased maximum sap flow density (Js_max, 35.1 %) and whole-tree transpiration (EL, 46.0 %) of A. auriculiformis, but decreased those of S. superba (15.6 % and 14.9 %, respectively). Warming increased the photosynthetic rate of P. asiatica (18.0 %) and water use efficiency of S. superba (47.2 %). Leaf nutrients and stomatal anatomical characteristics of shrubs were less affected by soil warming. Soil warming increased (+42.7 %) leaf K content of A. auriculiformis in dry season. Decomposition of soil total carbon, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen was accelerated under soil warming, and soil exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ were decreased. Trees changed stomatal and anatomic traits to adapt to soil warming, while shrubs altered leaf water content and specific leaf area under soil warming. Warming had a greater effect on sap flow of trees, as well as on their leaf gas exchange (total effect: -0.27) than on that of shrubs (total effect: 0.06). In summary, our results suggest that the combination of functional and nutrient traits can help to better understand plant water use and gas exchange responses under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Metze D, Schnecker J, de Carlan CLN, Bhattarai B, Verbruggen E, Ostonen I, Janssens IA, Sigurdsson BD, Hausmann B, Kaiser C, Richter A. Soil warming increases the number of growing bacterial taxa but not their growth rates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6295. [PMID: 38394199 PMCID: PMC10889357 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms control the fate of soil organic carbon. Warming may accelerate their activities putting large carbon stocks at risk of decomposition. Existing knowledge about microbial responses to warming is based on community-level measurements, leaving the underlying mechanisms unexplored and hindering predictions. In a long-term soil warming experiment in a Subarctic grassland, we investigated how active populations of bacteria and archaea responded to elevated soil temperatures (+6°C) and the influence of plant roots, by measuring taxon-specific growth rates using quantitative stable isotope probing and 18O water vapor equilibration. Contrary to prior assumptions, increased community growth was associated with a greater number of active bacterial taxa rather than generally faster-growing populations. We also found that root presence enhanced bacterial growth at ambient temperatures but not at elevated temperatures, indicating a shift in plant-microbe interactions. Our results, thus, reveal a mechanism of how soil bacteria respond to warming that cannot be inferred from community-level measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Metze
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Schnecker
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Biplabi Bhattarai
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ivika Ostonen
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bjarni D. Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, Borgarnes, Iceland
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Advancing Systems Analysis Program, Laxenburg, Austria
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Wei B, Zhang D, Wang G, Liu Y, Li Q, Zheng Z, Yang G, Peng Y, Niu K, Yang Y. Experimental warming altered plant functional traits and their coordination in a permafrost ecosystem. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1802-1816. [PMID: 37434301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about changes in plant functional traits is valuable for the mechanistic understanding of warming effects on ecosystem functions. However, observations have tended to focus on aboveground plant traits, and there is little information about changes in belowground plant traits or the coordination of above- and belowground traits under climate warming, particularly in permafrost ecosystems. Based on a 7-yr field warming experiment, we measured 26 above- and belowground plant traits of four dominant species, and explored community functional composition and trait networks in response to experimental warming in a permafrost ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Experimental warming shifted community-level functional traits toward more acquisitive values, with earlier green-up, greater plant height, larger leaves, higher photosynthetic resource-use efficiency, thinner roots, and greater specific root length and root nutrient concentrations. However, warming had a negligible effect in terms of functional diversity. In addition, warming shifted hub traits which have the highest centrality in the network from specific root area to leaf area. These results demonstrate that above- and belowground traits exhibit consistent adaptive strategies, with more acquisitive traits in warmer environments. Such changes could provide an adaptive advantage for plants in response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qinlu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kechang Niu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhou X, Ma A, Chen X, Zhang Q, Guo X, Zhuang G. Climate Warming-Driven Changes in the Molecular Composition of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter Across Depth: A Case Study on the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16884-16894. [PMID: 37857299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is critical for soil carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. DOM molecular composition varies with soil depth. However, the spatial heterogeneity of depth-dependent DOM in response to climate warming remains unclear, especially in alpine ecosystems. In this study, the DOM of alpine meadow soil samples was characterized comprehensively by using spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and open-top chambers (OTCs) were employed to simulate warming. It was found that climate warming had the greatest impact on the upper layer (0-30 cm), followed by the lower layer (60-80 cm), while the middle layer (30-60 cm) was the most stable among the three soil layers. The reasons for the obvious changes in DOM in the upper and lower layers of soil were further explained based on biotic and abiotic factors. Specifically, soil nutrients (NH4+-N, NO3--N, TC, and TP) affected the molecular composition of DOM in layer L1 (0-15 cm), while pH affected layer L5 (60-80 cm). Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria played important roles in the composition of DOM in the L5 layer (60-80 cm), while the dominant fungal groups affecting the DOM composition increased in the L1 layer (0-15 cm) under warming. In summary, this research has contributed to a deeper understanding of depth-dependent changes in DOM molecular composition in alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhou
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anzhou Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianke Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Qinwei Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Hou M, Zhao X, Wang Y, Lv X, Chen Y, Jiao X, Sui Y. Pedogenesis of typical zonal soil drives belowground bacterial communities of arable land in the Northeast China Plain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14555. [PMID: 37666914 PMCID: PMC10477331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Belowground bacterial communities play essential roles in maintaining ecosystem multifunction, while our understanding of how and why their distribution patterns and community compositions may change with the distinct pedogenetic conditions of different soil types is still limited. Here, we evaluated the roles of soil physiochemical properties and biotic interactions in driving belowground bacterial community composition across three typical zonal soil types, including black calcium soil (QS), typical black soil (HL) and dark brown soil (BQL), with distinct pedogenesis on the Northeast China Plain. Changes in soil bacterial diversity and community composition in these three zonal soil types were strongly correlated with soil pedogenetic features. SOC concentrations in HL were higher than in QS and BQL, but bacterial diversity was low, and the network structure revealed greater stability and connectivity. The composition of the bacterial community correlated significantly with soil pH in QS but with soil texture in BQL. The bacterial co-occurrence network of HL had higher density and clustering coefficients but lower edges, and different keystone species of networks were also detected. This work provides a basic understanding of the driving mechanisms responsible for belowground bacterial biodiversity and distribution patterns over different pedogenetic conditions in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Lv
- College of Modern Agriculture and Eco-Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Jiao
- College of Modern Agriculture and Eco-Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueyu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zheng Y, Yuan C, Matsushita N, Lian C, Geng Q. Analysis of the distribution pattern of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum under climate change using the optimized MaxEnt model. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10565. [PMID: 37753310 PMCID: PMC10518754 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cenococcum geophilum (C. geophilum) is a widely distributed ectomycorrhizal fungus that plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems worldwide. However, the specific ecological factors influencing its global distribution and how climate change will affect its range are still relatively unknown. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model optimized with the kuenm package to simulate changes in the distribution pattern of C. geophilum from the Last Glacial Maximum to the future based on 164 global distribution records and 17 environmental variables and investigated the key environmental factors influencing its distribution. We employed the optimal parameter combination of RM = 4 and FC = QPH, resulting in a highly accurate predictive model. Our study clearly shows that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter and annual precipitation are the key environmental factors influencing the suitable habitats of C. geophilum. Currently, appropriate habitats of C. geophilum are mainly distributed in eastern Asia, west-central Europe, the western seaboard and eastern regions of North America, and southeastern Australia, covering a total area of approximately 36,578,300 km2 globally. During the Last Glacial Maximum and the mid-Holocene, C. geophilum had a much smaller distribution area, being mainly concentrated in the Qinling-Huaihe Line region of China and eastern Peninsular Malaysia. As global warming continues, the future suitable habitat for C. geophilum is projected to shift northward, leading to an expected expansion of the suitable area from 9.21% to 21.02%. This study provides a theoretical foundation for global conservation efforts and biogeographic understanding of C. geophilum, offering new insights into its distribution patterns and evolutionary trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexu Zheng
- College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chao Yuan
- College of ForestryFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Norihisa Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoNishitokyo‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Qifang Geng
- College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoNishitokyo‐shiTokyoJapan
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Xia Z, Wu M, Bai J, Zhang S, Zhang G, Gong Y, Yang Y, Lu H. Root zone temperature regulates potassium absorption and photosynthesis in maize (Zea mays). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107694. [PMID: 37062126 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Affected by climate warming, the impact of crop root zone warming (RZW) on maize seedling growth and nutrient uptake deserve attention. The characteristics of K uptake in maize under root zone warming and the combined impacts of potassium deficiency and RZW are still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of RZW on potassium absorption and photosynthesis of maize seedlings under the difference in potassium. The results showed that RZW and low potassium treatment significantly affected root shoot development and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of maize seedlings. Moreover, the interaction of RZW and potassium content had striking influence on maize seedlings. Under the normal potassium with root zone medium temperature treatment, the development of maize was the most vigorous. Under the dual stress of high root zone temperature and low potassium, the root absorption area, total potassium content and root activity were significantly reduced, which then influenced the light energy use efficiency and dry matter accumulation. Securing the supply of potassium fertilizer under high root zone temperature stress is useful to alleviate the impact of high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Xia
- College of Agronomy of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengke Wu
- College of Agronomy of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jingxuan Bai
- College of Agronomy of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuxiang Gong
- College of Agronomy of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Agronomy of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haidong Lu
- College of Agronomy of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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17
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Shi C, Urbina‐Malo C, Tian Y, Heinzle J, Kwatcho Kengdo S, Inselsbacher E, Borken W, Schindlbacher A, Wanek W. Does long-term soil warming affect microbial element limitation? A test by short-term assays of microbial growth responses to labile C, N and P additions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2188-2202. [PMID: 36622092 PMCID: PMC10946488 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global temperatures have been reported to accelerate soil carbon (C) cycling, but also to promote nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. However, warming can differentially affect ecosystem C, N and P dynamics, potentially intensifying elemental imbalances between soil resources, plants and soil microorganisms. Here, we investigated the effect of long-term soil warming on microbial resource limitation, based on measurements of microbial growth (18 O incorporation into DNA) and respiration after C, N and P amendments. Soil samples were taken from two soil depths (0-10, 10-20 cm) in control and warmed (>14 years warming, +4°C) plots in the Achenkirch soil warming experiment. Soils were amended with combinations of glucose-C, inorganic/organic N and inorganic/organic P in a full factorial design, followed by incubation at their respective mean field temperatures for 24 h. Soil microbes were generally C-limited, exhibiting 1.8-fold to 8.8-fold increases in microbial growth upon C addition. Warming consistently caused soil microorganisms to shift from being predominately C limited to become C-P co-limited. This P limitation possibly was due to increased abiotic P immobilization in warmed soils. Microbes further showed stronger growth stimulation under combined glucose and inorganic nutrient amendments compared to organic nutrient additions. This may be related to a prolonged lag phase in organic N (glucosamine) mineralization and utilization compared to glucose. Soil respiration strongly positively responded to all kinds of glucose-C amendments, while responses of microbial growth were less pronounced in many of these treatments. This highlights that respiration-though easy and cheap to measure-is not a good substitute of growth when assessing microbial element limitation. Overall, we demonstrate a significant shift in microbial element limitation in warmed soils, from C to C-P co-limitation, with strong repercussions on the linkage between soil C, N and P cycles under long-term warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chupei Shi
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceCenter of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape DynamicsInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Carolina Urbina‐Malo
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceCenter of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceCenter of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Federal Research and Training Centre for ForestsNatural Hazards and Landscape‐BFWViennaAustria
| | - Steve Kwatcho Kengdo
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Erich Inselsbacher
- Institute of Soil ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Federal Research and Training Centre for ForestsNatural Hazards and Landscape‐BFWViennaAustria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceCenter of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Long-term soil warming decreases microbial phosphorus utilization by increasing abiotic phosphorus sorption and phosphorus losses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:864. [PMID: 36792624 PMCID: PMC9932148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential and often limiting element that could play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate warming. However, it has yet remained unclear how different P cycling processes are affected by warming. Here we investigate the response of soil P pools and P cycling processes in a mountain forest after 14 years of soil warming (+4 °C). Long-term warming decreased soil total P pools, likely due to higher outputs of P from soils by increasing net plant P uptake and downward transportation of colloidal and particulate P. Warming increased the sorption strength to more recalcitrant soil P fractions (absorbed to iron oxyhydroxides and clays), thereby further reducing bioavailable P in soil solution. As a response, soil microbes enhanced the production of acid phosphatase, though this was not sufficient to avoid decreases of soil bioavailable P and microbial biomass P (and biotic phosphate immobilization). This study therefore highlights how long-term soil warming triggers changes in biotic and abiotic soil P pools and processes, which can potentially aggravate the P constraints of the trees and soil microbes and thereby negatively affect the C sequestration potential of these forests.
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Kengdo SK, Ahrens B, Tian Y, Heinzle J, Wanek W, Schindlbacher A, Borken W. Increase in carbon input by enhanced fine root turnover in a long-term warmed forest soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158800. [PMID: 36116665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine root litter represents an important carbon input to soils, but the effect of global warming on fine root turnover (FRT) is hardly explored in forest ecosystems. Understanding tree fine roots' response to warming is crucial for predicting soil carbon dynamics and the functioning of forests as a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). We studied fine root production (FRP) with ingrowth cores and used radiocarbon signatures of first-order, second- to third-order, and bulk fine roots to estimate fine root turnover times after 8 and 14 years of soil warming (+4 °C) in a temperate forest. Fine root turnover times of the individual root fractions were estimated with a one-pool model. Soil warming strongly increased fine root production by up to 128 % within one year, but after two years, the production was less pronounced (+35 %). The first-year production was likely very high due to the rapid exploitation of the root-free ingrowth cores. The radiocarbon signatures of fine roots were overall variable among treatments and plots. Soil warming tended to decrease fine root turnover times of all the measured root fractions after 8 and 14 years of warming, and there was a tendency for trees to use older carbon reserves for fine root production in warmed plots. Furthermore, soil warming increased fine root turnover from 50 to 106 g C m-2 yr-1 (based on two different approaches). Our findings suggest that future climate warming may increase carbon input into soils by enhancing fine root turnover. If this increase may partly offset carbon losses by increased mineralization of soil organic matter in temperate forest soils is still unclear and should guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kwatcho Kengdo
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Ahrens
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
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Wen X, Wang X, Ye M, Liu H, He W, Wang Y, Li T, Zhao K, Hou G, Chen G, Li X, Fan C. Response strategies of fine root morphology of Cupressus funebris to the different soil environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1077090. [PMID: 36618632 PMCID: PMC9811150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1077090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding fine root morphology is crucial to uncover water and nutrient acquisition and transposition of fine roots. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding how the soil environment affects the fine root morphology of various root orders in the stable forest ecosystem. Therefore, this experiment assessed the response strategies of fine root morphology (first- to fifth -order fine roots) in four different soil environments. The results showed that fine root morphology was related to soil environment, and there were significant differences in specific root length (SRL), specific surface area (SRA), diameter (D), and root tissue density (RTD) of first- and second -order fine roots. Soil total nitrogen (TN), alkaline nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) were positively correlated with SRL and SRA and negatively correlated with D and RTD. Soil moisture (SW) was positively correlated with the D and RTD of first- and second-order fine roots and negatively correlated with the SRL and SRA. Soil temperature (ST), organic carbon (OC), soil bulk density (SBD) and soil porosity (SP) were not significantly correlated with the D, SRL, SRA, and RTD of the first- and second -order fine roots. AN was positively correlated with SRL and SRA and negatively correlated with both D and RTD in the first- and second -order fine roots, and the correlation coefficient was very significant. Therefore, we finally concluded that soil AN was the most critical factor affecting root D, SRL, SRA and RTD of fine roots, and mainly affected the morphology of first- and second -order fine roots. In conclusion, our research provides support for understanding the relationship between fine root morphology and soil environment, and indicates that soil nutrient gradient forms good root morphology at intraspecific scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Ye
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchun He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuangji Zhao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guirong Hou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Fan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Effects of High Temperature-Triggered Transcriptomics on the Physiological Adaptability of Cenococcum geophilum, an Ectomycorrhizal Fungus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102039. [PMID: 36296315 PMCID: PMC9607556 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature stress caused by global warming presents a challenge to the healthy development of forestry. Cenococcum geophilum is a common ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECMF) in the forest system and has become an important fungus resource with application potential in forest vegetation restoration. In this study, three sensitive isolates of C. geophilum (ChCg01, JaCg144 and JaCg202) and three tolerant isolates of C. geophilum (ACg07, ChCg28 and ChCg100) were used to analyze the physiological and molecular responses to high temperature. The results showed that high temperature had a significant negative effect on the growth of sensitive isolates while promoting the growth of tolerant isolates. The antioxidative enzymes activity of C. geophilum isolates increased under high temperature stress, and the SOD activity of tolerant isolates (A07Cg and ChCg100) was higher than that of sensitive isolates (ChCg01 and JaCg202) significantly. The tolerant isolates secreted more succinate, while the sensitive isolates secreted more oxalic acid under high temperature stress. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of six C. geophilum isolates were significantly enriched in "antioxidant" GO entry in the molecular. In addition, the "ABC transporters" pathway and the "glyoxylate and dicarboxylic acid metabolic" were shared in the three tolerant isolates and the three sensitive isolates, respectively. These results were further verified by RT-qPCR analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that C. geophilum can affect the organic acid secretion and increase antioxidant enzyme activity in response to high temperature by upregulating related genes.
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Sun J, Luo H, Yu Q, Kou B, Jiang Y, Weng L, Xiao C. Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:919434. [PMID: 35801112 PMCID: PMC9255912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms affect crop rhizospheres via the transformation and transport of nutrients, which has important influences on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and plant yield and health in agroecosystems. There are few reports on the effects of fertilizer application on the growth of Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey.) or the structure of its rhizosphere microbial communities. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was used to explore the effects of nine different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers with different amounts and proportions on ginseng growth and accumulation of ginsenosides and the structure of rhizosphere soil fungal communities. Soil without fertilization was the control. With the combined application of NPK, ginseng growth and development increased. The fertilization scheme N3P1K3, with N fertilizer at 50 g·m−2, P fertilizer at 15 g·m−2, and K fertilizer at 60 g·m−2, had the most comprehensive benefit and significantly increased ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside contents (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd). Amplicon sequencing showed that NPK application increased the diversity of fungal communities in ginseng rhizospheres, whereas richness was bidirectionally regulated by proportions and amounts of NPK. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in ginseng rhizosphere soil, and relative abundances decreased with combined NPK application. Combined NPK application increased the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi, such as Mortierella, but decreased that of potentially pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium. Correlation analysis showed that potential beneficial fungi were significantly positively correlated with ginseng rhizome yield and ginsenoside contents, whereas the opposite relation was observed with potential pathogenic fungi. Thus, in addition to directly increasing crop growth, precise NPK application can also increase crop adaptability to the environment by shaping specific microbial communities. The results of this study suggest that the combined effects of biotic and abiotic processes on agricultural production determine crop yield and quality.
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