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Hao Y, Sun A, Lu C, Su JQ, Chen QL. Protists and fungi: Reinforcing urban soil ecological functions against flash droughts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175274. [PMID: 39117190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Rising instances of flash droughts are contributing to notable variability in soil moisture across terrestrial ecosystems. These phenomena challenge urban ecosystem services, yet the reaction of soil ecological functions (SEFs) to such events is poorly understood. This study investigates the responses of SEFs (about nutrient metabolism capacity and potential) and the microbiome under two specific scenarios: a flooding-drought sequence and a direct drought condition. Using quantitative microbial element cycling analysis, high-throughput sequencing, and enzyme activity measurements, we found that unlike in forests, the microbial composition in urban soils remained unchanged during flash drought conditions. However, SEFs were affected in both settings. Correlation analysis and Mantel test showed that forest soils exhibited more complex interactions among soil moisture, properties, and microbial communities. Positive linear correlation revealed that bacteria were the sole drivers of SEFs. Interestingly, while multi-threshold results suggested bacterial α diversity impeded the maximization of SEFs in urban soils, fungi and protists had a beneficial impact. Cross-domain network of urban soils had higher number of nodes and edges, but lower average degree and robustness than forest soils. Mantel test revealed that fungi and protist had significant correlations with bacterial composition in forest soils, but not in urban soils. In the urban network, the degree and eigenvector centrality of bacterial, fungal and protistan ASVs were significantly lower compared to those in the forest. These results suggest that the lower robustness of the microbial network in urban soils is attributed to limited interactions among fungi, consumer protists, and bacteria, contributing to the failure of microbial-driven ecological functions. Overall, our findings emphasize the critical role of fungi and protists in shielding urban soils from drought-induced disturbances and in enhancing the resistance of urban ecological functions amidst environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Anqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Changyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
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Liu Z, Ye L, Jiang J, Liu R, Xu Y, Jia G. Increased uptake of deep soil water promotes drought resistance in mixed forests. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3218-3228. [PMID: 37287350 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The intensity and frequency of droughts are projected to rise in recent years and adversely affect forests. Thus, information on plant water use and acclimation during and after droughts is crucial. This study used the stable isotope and thermal dissipation probes to detect the water-use adaptation of mixed forests to drought using a precipitation gradient control experiment in the field. The results showed that Platycladus orientalis and Quercus variabilis mainly absorbed stable water from deep soil layers during the drought (32.05% and 28.2%, respectively). The synergetic nocturnal sap flow in both species replenished the water loss, but P. orientalis experienced a greater decline in transpiration acclimation to drought. The transpiration of Q. variabilis remained high since it was mainly induced by radiation. After short-term exposure to drought, P. orientalis majorly obtained shallow soil water, confirming its sensitivity to shallow water. Contrarily, Q. variabilis mainly absorbed stable water from deep soil layers regardless of the soil water content. Therefore, these findings suggest that Q. variabilis cannot physiologically adjust to extreme drought events, possibly limiting their future distributions and altering the composition of boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Center of Ecological Forestry Development of Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, Lishui, China
| | - Limin Ye
- Center of Ecological Forestry Development of Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, Lishui, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rilin Liu
- Center of Ecological Forestry Development of Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, Lishui, China
| | - Yuanke Xu
- Center of Ecological Forestry Development of Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, Lishui, China
| | - Guodong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Zhang K, Qiu Y, Zhao Y, Wang S, Deng J, Chen M, Xu X, Wang H, Bai T, He T, Zhang Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Hu S. Moderate precipitation reduction enhances nitrogen cycling and soil nitrous oxide emissions in a semi-arid grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3114-3129. [PMID: 36892227 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing climate change is predicted to induce more weather extremes such as frequent drought and high-intensity precipitation events, causing more severe drying-rewetting cycles in soil. However, it remains largely unknown how these changes will affect soil nitrogen (N)-cycling microbes and the emissions of potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2 O). Utilizing a field precipitation manipulation in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau, we examined how precipitation reduction (ca. -30%) influenced soil N2 O and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions in field, and in a complementary lab-incubation with simulated drying-rewetting cycles. Results obtained showed that precipitation reduction stimulated plant root turnover and N-cycling processes, enhancing soil N2 O and CO2 emissions in field, particularly after each rainfall event. Also, high-resolution isotopic analyses revealed that field soil N2 O emissions primarily originated from nitrification process. The incubation experiment further showed that in field soils under precipitation reduction, drying-rewetting stimulated N mineralization and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in favor of genera Nitrosospira and Nitrosovibrio, increasing nitrification and N2 O emissions. These findings suggest that moderate precipitation reduction, accompanied with changes in drying-rewetting cycles under future precipitation scenarios, may enhance N cycling processes and soil N2 O emissions in semi-arid ecosystems, feeding positively back to the ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunpeng Qiu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Ningxia Yunwu Mountains Grassland Natural Reserve Administration, Guyuan, 756000, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Ningxia Yunwu Mountains Grassland Natural Reserve Administration, Guyuan, 756000, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tongshuo Bai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tangqing He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huaihai Chen
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
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Liao J, Luo Q, Hu A, Wan W, Tian D, Ma J, Ma T, Luo H, Lu S. Soil moisture-atmosphere feedback dominates land N 2 O nitrification emissions and denitrification reduction. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6404-6418. [PMID: 35971257 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture (SM) is essential to microbial nitrogen (N)-cycling networks in terrestrial ecosystems. Studies have found that SM-atmosphere feedbacks dominate the changes in land carbon fluxes. However, the influence of SM-atmosphere feedbacks on the N fluxes changes, and the underlying mechanisms remain highly unsure, leading to uncertainties in climate projections. To fill this gap, we used in situ observation coupled with gridded and remote sensing data to analyze N2 O fluxes emissions globally. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of temperature, hydroclimate on global N2 O fluxes, as the result of SM-atmosphere feedback impact on N fluxes. We found that SM-temperature feedback dominates land N2 O emissions by controlling the balance between nitrifier and denitrifier genes. The mechanism is that atmospheric water demand increases with temperature and thereby reduces SM, which increases the dominant N2 O production nitrifier (containing amoA AOB gene) and decreases the N2 O consumption denitrifier (containing the nosZ gene), consequently will potential increasing N2 O emissions. However, we find that the spatial variations of soil-water availability as a result of the nonlinear response of SM to vapor pressure deficit caused by temperature are some of the greatest challenges in predicting future N2 O emissions. Our data-driven assessment deepens the understanding of the impact of SM-atmosphere interactions on the soil N cycle, which remains uncertain in earth system models. We suggest that the model needs to account for feedback between SM and atmospheric temperature when estimating the response of the N2 O emissions to climatic change globally, as well as when conducting field-scale investigations of the response of the ecosystem to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiqi Luo
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Ang Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenkai Wan
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Dian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Ma
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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