Difference in adherence to and influencing factors of a healthy lifestyle between middle-aged and elderly people in Korea: A multilevel analysis

Space and Place in Alcohol Research

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

To summarize the recent literature on social and physical environments and their links to alcohol use and identify empirical research strategies that will lead to a better understanding of alcohol use in contexts.

RECENT FINDINGS

Recent research has continued to describe the importance of neighborhood and regional contexts on alcohol use, while a smaller emerging scientific literature assesses the impacts of contexts on drinking.

SUMMARY

The dynamic, longitudinal, and multiscale processes by which social and physical structures affect social interactions and substance use have not yet been uncovered or quantified. In order to understand and quantify these processes, assessments of exposures (e.g., how individuals use space) and risks within specific locations are essential. Methods to better assess these exposures and risks include model-based survey approaches, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and other forms of ecologically- and temporally-specific analyses, affiliation network analyses, simulation models, and qualitative/multi-methods studies.

Factors affecting reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition in midlife to later life in Korea: A national population study

AIM

The purpose of this study was to identify the midlife and later life factors affecting reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition after 4 years.

METHODS

We analyzed data from the 2012 and 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. The participants of this study were Korean community-dwelling adults aged ≥45 years who showed mild cognitive impairment in 2012. They were divided into midlife (<65 years) and later life (≥65 years) based on their age in 2012. Cognitive function was assessed by the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination in 2016. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the factors affecting reversion by age group.

RESULTS

Among participants with mild cognitive impairment, 52.0% in midlife and 26.6% in later life reverted to normal cognition after 4 years. In midlife, higher education (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.15-3.36), fewer chronic diseases (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61-0.99), lower levels of depressive symptoms (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-0.99) and higher participation in social activities (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.27-2.87) were significantly associated with reversion. In later life, higher baseline cognitive function (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.47) and higher participation in social activities (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.79) were significantly associated with reversion.

CONCLUSIONS

The reversion rate in midlife was higher than that of later life. More modifiable factors affecting reversion were found in midlife, suggesting that assessment and intervention at an early age should be considered. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1129-1135.

Individual- and state-level factors associated with functional limitation prevalence among Colombian elderly: a multilevel analysis

This study aimed to identify the main regional factors associated with variations in the prevalence of functional limitation on the older adult in Colombia adjusted by individual characteristics. This multilevel study used cross-sectional data from 23,694 adults over 60 years of age in the SABE, Colombia nationwide survey. State-level factors (poverty, development, inequity, violence, health coverage, and access to improved water sources), as well as individual health related, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, were analyzed. The overall prevalence of functional impairment for the basic activities of daily living (ADL) was 22%. The presence of comorbidities, low educational level, physical inactivity, no participation in social groups, mistreatment and being over 75 years old were associated with functional limitation. At the group level, the analysis showed significant differences in the functional limitation prevalence across states, particularly regarding the socioeconomic status measured according to the Human Development Index (median OR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.13-1.30; p = 0.011). This study provides evidence on the impact of socioeconomic variation across states on FL prevalence in the Colombian elderly once adjusted for individual characteristics. The findings of this study, through a multilevel approach methodology, provide information to effectively address the conditions that affect the functionality in this population through the identification and prioritization of public health care in groups with economic and health vulnerability.