1
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Tan J, Sun X, Zhao H, Guan H, Gao S, Zhou P. Double-strand DNA break repair: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e388. [PMID: 37808268 PMCID: PMC10556206 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand break (DSB), a significant DNA damage brought on by ionizing radiation, acts as an initiating signal in tumor radiotherapy, causing cancer cells death. The two primary pathways for DNA DSB repair in mammalian cells are nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), which cooperate and compete with one another to achieve effective repair. The DSB repair mechanism depends on numerous regulatory variables. DSB recognition and the recruitment of DNA repair components, for instance, depend on the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and the Ku70/80 heterodimer/DNA-PKcs (DNA-PK) complex, whose control is crucial in determining the DSB repair pathway choice and efficiency of HR and NHEJ. In-depth elucidation on the DSB repair pathway's molecular mechanisms has greatly facilitated for creation of repair proteins or pathways-specific inhibitors to advance precise cancer therapy and boost the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy. The architectures, roles, molecular processes, and inhibitors of significant target proteins in the DSB repair pathways are reviewed in this article. The strategy and application in cancer therapy are also discussed based on the advancement of inhibitors targeted DSB damage response and repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Tan
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xingyao Sun
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
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2
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Matos-Rodrigues GE, Martins RAP. An Eye in the Replication Stress Response: Lessons From Tissue-Specific Studies in vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731308. [PMID: 34805142 PMCID: PMC8599991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several inherited human syndromes that severely affect organogenesis and other developmental processes are caused by mutations in replication stress response (RSR) genes. Although the molecular machinery of RSR is conserved, disease-causing mutations in RSR-genes may have distinct tissue-specific outcomes, indicating that progenitor cells may differ in their responses to RSR inactivation. Therefore, understanding how different cell types respond to replication stress is crucial to uncover the mechanisms of RSR-related human syndromes. Here, we review the ocular manifestations in RSR-related human syndromes and summarize recent findings investigating the mechanisms of RSR during eye development in vivo. We highlight a remarkable heterogeneity of progenitor cells responses to RSR inactivation and discuss its implications for RSR-related human syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Matos-Rodrigues
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A P Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Thielhelm TP, Goncalves S, Welford SM, Mellon EA, Cohen ER, Nourbakhsh A, Fernandez-Valle C, Telischi F, Ivan ME, Dinh CT. Understanding the Radiobiology of Vestibular Schwannomas to Overcome Radiation Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4575. [PMID: 34572805 PMCID: PMC8467596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign tumors arising from cranial nerve VIII that account for 8-10% of all intracranial tumors and are the most common tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. These tumors are typically managed with observation, radiation therapy, or microsurgical resection. Of the VS that are irradiated, there is a subset of tumors that are radioresistant and continue to grow; the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this review, the authors summarize how radiation causes cellular and DNA injury that can activate (1) checkpoints in the cell cycle to initiate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair and (2) key events that lead to cell death. In addition, we discuss the current knowledge of VS radiobiology and how it may contribute to clinical outcomes. A better understanding of VS radiobiology can help optimize existing treatment protocols and lead to new therapies to overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torin P Thielhelm
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eric A Mellon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Erin R Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aida Nourbakhsh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Fred Telischi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael E Ivan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Christine T Dinh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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4
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Zhou ZW, Kirtay M, Schneble N, Yakoub G, Ding M, Rüdiger T, Siniuk K, Lu R, Jiang YN, Li TL, Kaether C, Barzilai A, Wang ZQ. NBS1 interacts with Notch signaling in neuronal homeostasis. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10924-10939. [PMID: 33010171 PMCID: PMC7641754 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NBS1 is a critical component of the MRN (MRE11/RAD50/NBS1) complex, which regulates ATM- and ATR-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. Mutations in NBS1 cause the human genomic instability syndrome Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS), of which neuronal deficits, including microcephaly and intellectual disability, are classical hallmarks. Given its function in the DDR to ensure proper proliferation and prevent death of replicating cells, NBS1 is essential for life. Here we show that, unexpectedly, Nbs1 deletion is dispensable for postmitotic neurons, but compromises their arborization and migration due to dysregulated Notch signaling. We find that Nbs1 interacts with NICD-RBPJ, the effector of Notch signaling, and inhibits Notch activity. Genetic ablation or pharmaceutical inhibition of Notch signaling rescues the maturation and migration defects of Nbs1-deficient neurons in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of Notch by Nbs1 deletion is independent of the key DDR downstream effector p53 and inactivation of each MRN component produces a different pattern of Notch activity and distinct neuronal defects. These data indicate that neuronal defects and aberrant Notch activity in Nbs1-deficient cells are unlikely to be a direct consequence of loss of MRN-mediated DDR function. This study discloses a novel function of NBS1 in crosstalk with the Notch pathway in neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhou
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Murat Kirtay
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Schneble
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - George Yakoub
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Mingmei Ding
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tina Rüdiger
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Kanstantsin Siniuk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ruiqing Lu
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Nan Jiang
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tang-Liang Li
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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5
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Rai R, Gu P, Broton C, Kumar-Sinha C, Chen Y, Chang S. The Replisome Mediates A-NHEJ Repair of Telomeres Lacking POT1-TPP1 Independently of MRN Function. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3708-3725.e5. [PMID: 31825846 PMCID: PMC7001145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres use shelterin to protect chromosome ends from activating the DNA damage sensor MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN), repressing ataxia-telangiectasia, mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) dependent DNA damage checkpoint responses. The MRE11 nuclease is thought to be essential for the resection of the 5' C-strand to generate the microhomologies necessary for alternative non-homologous end joining (A-NHEJ) repair. In the present study, we uncover DNA damage signaling and repair pathways engaged by components of the replisome complex to repair dysfunctional telomeres. In cells lacking MRN, single-stranded telomeric overhangs devoid of POT1-TPP1 do not recruit replication protein A (RPA), ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), and RAD 51. Rather, components of the replisome complex, including Claspin, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Downstream neighbor of SON (DONSON), initiate DNA-PKcs-mediated p-CHK1 activation and A-NHEJ repair. In addition, Claspin directly interacts with TRF2 and recruits EXO1 to newly replicated telomeres to promote 5' end resection. Our data indicate that MRN is dispensable for the repair of dysfunctional telomeres lacking POT1-TPP1 and highlight the contributions of the replisome in telomere repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Rai
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Peili Gu
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cayla Broton
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Tri-Institutional MD/PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Sandy Chang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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6
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Thada V, Cortez D. Common motifs in ETAA1 and TOPBP1 required for ATR kinase activation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8395-8402. [PMID: 30940728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response Ser/Thr kinases, including ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and Rad3-related (ATR), control cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. ATR is activated by ETAA1 activator of ATR kinase (ETAA1) or DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1 (TOPBP1). Both ETAA1 and TOPBP1 contain experimentally defined ATR activation domains (AADs) that are mostly unstructured and have minimal sequence similarity. A tryptophan residue in both AADs is required for ATR activation, but the other features of these domains and the mechanism by which they activate ATR are unknown. In this study, using bioinformatic analyses, kinase assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence measures of signaling, we more specifically defined the TOPBP1 and ETAA1 AADs and identified additional features of the AADs needed for ATR activation. We found that both ETAA1 and TOPBP1 contain a predicted coiled-coil motif that is required for ATR activation in vitro and in cells. Mutation of the predicted coiled coils does not alter AAD oligomerization but does impair binding of the AADs to ATR. These results suggest that TOPBP1 and ETAA1 activate ATR using similar motifs and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn Thada
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David Cortez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
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7
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Syed A, Tainer JA. The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 Complex Conducts the Orchestration of Damage Signaling and Outcomes to Stress in DNA Replication and Repair. Annu Rev Biochem 2018; 87:263-294. [PMID: 29709199 PMCID: PMC6076887 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability in disease and its fidelity in health depend on the DNA damage response (DDR), regulated in part from the complex of meiotic recombination 11 homolog 1 (MRE11), ATP-binding cassette-ATPase (RAD50), and phosphopeptide-binding Nijmegen breakage syndrome protein 1 (NBS1). The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex forms a multifunctional DDR machine. Within its network assemblies, MRN is the core conductor for the initial and sustained responses to DNA double-strand breaks, stalled replication forks, dysfunctional telomeres, and viral DNA infection. MRN can interfere with cancer therapy and is an attractive target for precision medicine. Its conformations change the paradigm whereby kinases initiate damage sensing. Delineated results reveal kinase activation, posttranslational targeting, functional scaffolding, conformations storing binding energy and enabling access, interactions with hub proteins such as replication protein A (RPA), and distinct networks at DNA breaks and forks. MRN biochemistry provides prototypic insights into how it initiates, implements, and regulates multifunctional responses to genomic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Syed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ,
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ,
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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8
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Lin X, Wei F, Whyte P, Tang D. BMI1 reduces ATR activation and signalling caused by hydroxyurea. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89707-89721. [PMID: 29163782 PMCID: PMC5685703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI1 facilitates DNA damage response (DDR) induced by double strand DNA breaks; however, it remains unknown whether BMI1 functions in single strand DNA (ssDNA) lesions-initiated DDR. We report here that BMI1 reduces hydroxyurea-elicited ATR activation, thereby reducing the S-phase checkpoints. Hydroxyurea induces ssDNA lesions, which activate ATR through binding TOPBP1 as evidenced by phosphorylation of ATR at threonine 1989 (ATRpT1989). ATR subsequently phosphorylates H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX) and CHK1 at serine 345 (CHK1pS345), leading to phosphorylation of CDK1 at tyrosine 15 (CDK1pY15) and S-phase arrest. BMI1 overexpression reduced γH2AX, CHK1pS345, CDK1pY15, S-phase arrest, and ATR activation in HU-treated MCF7 and DU145 cells, whereas BMI1 knockdown enhanced these events. BMI1 contains a ring finger, helix-turn, proline/serine domain and two nuclear localization signals (NLS). Individual deletion of these domains did not abolish BMI1-derived reductions of CHK1pS345 in MCF7 cells following HU exposure, suggesting that these structural features are not essential for BMI1 to attenuate ATR-mediated CHK1pS345. BMI1 interacts with both TOPBP1 and ATR. Furthermore, all of our BMI1 mutants associate with endogenous TOPBP1. It has previously been established that association of TOPBP1 and ATR is required for ATR activation. Thus, our results suggest that BMI1 decreases ATR activation through a mechanism that involves binding to TOPBP1 and/or ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Peter Whyte
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Xue L, Furusawa Y, Okayasu R, Miura M, Cui X, Liu C, Hirayama R, Matsumoto Y, Yajima H, Yu D. The complexity of DNA double strand break is a crucial factor for activating ATR signaling pathway for G2/M checkpoint regulation regardless of ATM function. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 25:72-83. [PMID: 25497328 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathway choice following ionizing radiation (IR) is currently an appealing research topic, which is still largely unclear. Our recent paper indicated that the complexity of DSBs is a critical factor that enhances DNA end resection. It has been well accepted that the RPA-coated single strand DNA produced by resection is a signaling structure for ATR activation. Therefore, taking advantage of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation to effectively produce complex DSBs, we investigated how the complexity of DSB influences the function of ATR pathway on the G2/M checkpoint regulation. Human skin fibroblast cells with or without ATM were irradiated with X rays or heavy ion particles, and dual-parameter flow cytometry was used to quantitatively assess the mitotic entry at early period post radiation by detecting the cells positive for phosphor histone H3. In ATM-deficient cells, ATR pathway played a pivotal role and functioned in a dose- and LET-dependent way to regulate the early G2/M arrest even as low as 0.2Gy for heavy ion radiation, which indicated that ATR pathway could be rapidly activated and functioned in an ATM-independent, but DSB complexity-dependent manner following exposure to IR. Furthermore, ATR pathway also functioned more efficiently in ATM-proficient cells to block G2 to M transition at early period of particle radiation exposure. Accordingly, in contrast to ATM inhibitor, ATR inhibitor had a more effective radiosensitizing effect on survival fraction following heavy ion beams as compared with X ray radiation. Taken together, our results reveal that the complexity of DSBs is a crucial factor for the activation of ATR pathway for G2/M checkpoint regulation, and ATM-dependent end resection is not essential for the activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xue
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okayasu
- International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xing Cui
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Yajima
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Dong Yu
- School of Radiological Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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10
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Wardlaw CP, Carr AM, Oliver AW. TopBP1: A BRCT-scaffold protein functioning in multiple cellular pathways. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 22:165-74. [PMID: 25087188 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human TopBP1 contains nine BRCT domains and functions in DNA replication initiation, checkpoint signalling, DNA repair and influences transcriptional control. TopBP1 and its homologues have been the subject of numerous scientific publications since the last comprehensive review in 2005, emerging as a key scaffold protein that links crucial components within these distinct cellular processes. This review focuses on recently published work, with particular emphasis on structural insights into TopBP1 function and the binding partners identified for DNA replication initiation, DNA-dependent checkpoints, DNA repair and transcription. We further summarise what is known about TopBP1 and links to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Wardlaw
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RQ, UK.
| | - Antony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Antony W Oliver
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RQ, UK
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11
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Wang Q, Goldstein M, Alexander P, Wakeman TP, Sun T, Feng J, Lou Z, Kastan MB, Wang XF. Rad17 recruits the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex to regulate the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks. EMBO J 2014; 33:862-77. [PMID: 24534091 PMCID: PMC4194111 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201386064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex is essential for the detection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and initiation of DNA damage signaling. Here, we show that Rad17, a replication checkpoint protein, is required for the early recruitment of the MRN complex to the DSB site that is independent of MDC1 and contributes to ATM activation. Mechanistically, Rad17 is phosphorylated by ATM at a novel Thr622 site resulting in a direct interaction of Rad17 with NBS1, facilitating recruitment of the MRN complex and ATM to the DSB, thereby enhancing ATM signaling. Repetition of these events creates a positive feedback for Rad17-dependent activation of MRN/ATM signaling which appears to be a requisite for the activation of MDC1-dependent MRN complex recruitment. A point mutation of the Thr622 residue of Rad17 leads to a significant reduction in MRN/ATM signaling and homologous recombination repair, suggesting that Thr622 phosphorylation is important for regulation of the MRN/ATM signaling by Rad17. These findings suggest that Rad17 plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA damage via regulation of the MRN/ATM pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Goldstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Peter Alexander
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy P Wakeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Junjie Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael B Kastan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
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12
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Hayashi N, Kobayashi M, Shamma A, Morimura Y, Takahashi C, Yamamoto KI. Regulatory interaction between NBS1 and DNMT1 responding to DNA damage. J Biochem 2013; 154:429-35. [PMID: 23918933 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NBS1 is the causative gene product of Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), a recessive genetic disorder resulting in chromosomal instability and immunodeficiency. We isolated DNMT1 cDNA by two-hybrid screening by using NBS1 as bait to study its function in DNA replication and damage checkpoint. DNMT1 encodes DNA methyltransferase 1, which maintains the genomic methylation pattern and also regulates the checkpoint pathway via interactions with various factors, such as CHK1, p53, Rb and ATM. The interaction between NBS1 and DNMT1 was observed under conditions of hydroxyl urea treatment, resulting in replication stall and mitomycin C treatment resulting in DNA damage. Additionally, we mapped their binding regions to the N-terminus of NBS1 (including the forkhead-associated domain) and amino acids 1401-1503 in the target recognition domain in the C-terminus of DNMT1. Under DNA replication stall conditions, DNMT1 was recruited to the survivin promoter by p53, and it repressed survivin expression via hetrochromatin formation; this regulation was dependent on the NBS1 genotype. These results suggest that DNMT1 function in the regulatory response is controlled by NBS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathology; and Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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