1
|
Lyu J, Okada H, Sunagozaka H, Kawaguchi K, Shimakami T, Nio K, Murai K, Shirasaki T, Yoshida M, Arai K, Yamashita T, Tanaka T, Harada K, Takamura T, Kaneko S, Yamashita T, Honda M. Potential utility of l-carnitine for preventing liver tumors derived from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0425. [PMID: 38619434 PMCID: PMC11019826 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have unveiled the potential utility of l-carnitine to alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by enhancing mitochondrial metabolic function. However, its efficacy at preventing the development of HCC has not been assessed fully. METHODS l-carnitine (2 g/d) was administered to 11 patients with MASH for 10 weeks, and blood liver function tests were performed. Five patients received a serial liver biopsy, and liver histology and hepatic gene expression were evaluated using this tissue. An atherogenic plus high-fat diet MASH mouse model received long-term l-carnitine administration, and liver histology and liver tumor development were evaluated. RESULTS Ten-week l-carnitine administration significantly improved serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels along with a histological improvement in the NAFLD activity score, while steatosis and fibrosis were not improved. Gene expression profiling revealed a significant improvement in the inflammation and profibrotic gene signature as well as the recovery of lipid metabolism. Long-term l-carnitine administration to atherogenic plus high-fat diet MASH mice substantially improved liver histology (inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis) and significantly reduced the incidence of liver tumors. l-carnitine directly reduced the expression of the MASH-associated and stress-induced transcriptional factor early growth response 1. Early growth response 1 activated the promoter activity of neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9), an oncogenic protein. Thus, l-carnitine reduced the activation of the NEDD9, focal adhesion kinase 1, and AKT oncogenic signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Short-term l-carnitine administration ameliorated MASH through its anti-inflammatory effects. Long-term l-carnitine administration potentially improved the steatosis and fibrosis of MASH and may eventually reduce the risk of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Lyu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Sunagozaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouki Nio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Murai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Fan W, Zhang X, Zhan S, Zhong T, Guo J, Wang Y, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Wang L. Maternal L-carnitine supplementation promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis of newborn goats after cold exposure. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22461. [PMID: 35838582 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200637r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important component of energy expenditure and necessary to maintain body temperature for newborn mammals. In the previous study, we found that L-carnitine was enriched in BAT and promoted BAT adipogenesis and thermogenesis in goat brown adipocytes. However, whether dietary L-carnitine regulates BAT heat production and energy expenditure in lambs remains unclear. In this study, maternal L-carnitine supplementation elevated the rectal temperature, as well as the expression of UCP1 and mitochondrial DNA content to promote BAT thermogenesis in newborn goats. Moreover, maternal L-carnitine supplementation increased the levels of triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lactate in plasma, as well as the content of lipid droplet and glycogen in BAT of newborn goats. Lipidomic analysis showed that maternal L-carnitine supplementation remodeled the lipid composition of BAT in newborn goats. L-carnitine significantly increased the levels of TG and diglyceride (DG) and decreased the levels of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in BAT. Further studies showed that L-carnitine promoted TG and glycogen deposition in brown adipocytes through AMPKα. Our results indicate that maternal L-carnitine supplementation promotes BAT development and thermogenesis in newborn goats and provides new evidence for newborn goats to maintain body temperature in response to cold exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xujia Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ishizuka K, Kon K, Lee-Okada HC, Arai K, Uchiyama A, Yamashina S, Yokomizo T, Ikejima K. Aging exacerbates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis through alteration in hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1437-1448. [PMID: 32030821 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Aging is an independent risk factor for the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Here, we investigated the role of age-related alterations in fatty acid metabolism in dietary steatohepatitis using lipidomics analysis. METHODS Male 8-week and 55-week-old C57BL/6 J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. The quality and quantity of lipid molecular species in the liver were evaluated using the lipidomics approach. RESULTS Elder mice fed an HFD developed more severe steatohepatitis than young mice. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in the liver were exacerbated following HFD feeding in elder mice compared with young mice. In elder mice, de novo fatty acid synthesis was promoted, whereas β oxidation was blunted following HFD feeding, and lipid secretion from the liver was reduced. The expression of sirtuin 1 was not only reduced with age as expected but also significantly decreased due to intake of HFD. In the lipidomics analysis, the concentrations of diacylglycerol and TAG molecular species containing monounsaturated fatty acids were markedly increased following HFD feeding in elder mice compared with young mice. In contrast, the concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine molecular species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids were remarkably decreased following HFD feeding in elder mice compared with young mice, and the expression of fatty acid desaturase was blunted. CONCLUSIONS Aging-dependent alterations in lipid metabolism under excessive lipid supply most likely enhance hepatic lipotoxicity, thereby exacerbating metabolic steatohepatitis in elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ishizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ikejima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El‐Kafoury BMA, Ahmed MA, Hammouda GA, ElKady AH, Lasheen NN. Possible role of l-carnitine in improvement of metabolic and hepatic changes in hyperuricemic and hyperuricemic-Fructose-supplemented rats. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14282. [PMID: 31782919 PMCID: PMC6882958 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia was linked to diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress, and could be induced by higher fructose consumption through altering energy status in liver. l-Carnitine is an antioxidant, affecting mitochondria and cellular energetics; however, little is known about its effects in hyperuricemic states. This study investigated metabolic and hepatic effects of hyperuricemia and fructose feeding, and demonstrated the role of l-Carnitine in such states. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, untreated hyperuricemic, fructose-supplemented hyperuricemic, l-Carnitine-treated hyperuricemic, and l-Carnitine-treated fructose-supplemented hyperuricemic groups. The separated plasma was used for determination of the glycemic control, lipid profile, liver function tests, uric acid level, and oxidative stress markers. Atherogenic index, HOMA-IR, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Left liver lobe and left kidney specimen from all groups were used for histopathological studies. Hyperuricemic rats exhibited significantly hypoalbuminemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress compared to the controls. Fructose-supplemented hyperuricemic group showed obesity and more deleterious effects, as well as, steatosis, and renal tubular damage compared to the hyperuricemic rats. Concomitant l-Carnitine treatment with hyperuricemia improved such effects, despite causing adiposity. While combined l-Carnitine treatment and fructose supplementation in hyperuricemia limited the aggressive hyperuricemic picture of fructose supplementation. It is concluded that hyperuricemia has detrimental metabolic and hepatic effects. Artificial fructose supplementation worsened such effects, while l-Carnitine was efficient in ameliorating these hyperuricemia and/or excess fructose-induced hyperuricemia effects, through its anti-inflammatory, antisteatotic, and antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona A. Ahmed
- PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Gehad A. Hammouda
- Histology and Cell BiologyFaculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Amr H. ElKady
- PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kitagawa R, Kon K, Uchiyama A, Arai K, Yamashina S, Kuwahara-Arai K, Kirikae T, Ueno T, Ikejima K. Rifaximin prevents ethanol-induced liver injury in obese KK-A y mice through modulation of small intestinal microbiota signature. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G707-G715. [PMID: 31509430 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00372.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exacerbation of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) with comorbid metabolic syndrome is an emerging clinical problem, where microbiota plays a profound role in the pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the effect of rifaximin (RFX) on liver injury following chronic-binge ethanol (EtOH) administration in KK-Ay mice, a rodent model of metabolic syndrome. Female, 8-wk-old KK-Ay mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli diet (5% EtOH) for 10 days, following a single EtOH gavage (4 g/kg body wt). Some mice were given RFX (0.1 g/L, in liquid diet) orally. Small intestinal contents were collected from mice without binge. Intestinal microbiota was quantified using aerobic and anaerobic culturing techniques and further analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing in detail. EtOH feeding/binge caused hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and induction of inflammatory cytokines in KK-Ay mice, which were markedly prevented by RFX treatment. Hepatic mRNA levels for cluster of differentiation 14, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, TLR2, and NADPH oxidase 2 were increased following EtOH feeding/binge, and administration of RFX completely suppressed their increase. The net amount of small intestinal bacteria was increased over threefold after chronic EtOH feeding as expected; however, RFX did not prevent this net increase. Intriguingly, the profile of small intestinal microbiota was dramatically changed following EtOH feeding in the order level, where the Erysipelotrichales predominated in the relative abundance. In sharp contrast, RFX drastically blunted the EtOH-induced increases in the Erysipelotrichales almost completely, with increased proportion of the Bacteroidales. In conclusion, RFX prevents AH through modulation of small intestinal microbiota/innate immune responses in obese KK-Ay mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we demonstrated that rifaximin (RFX) prevents chronic-binge ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatohepatitis in KK-Ay mice. Chronic EtOH feeding caused small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, with drastic alteration in the microbiota profile predominating the order Erysipelotrichales. RFX minimized this EtOH induction in Erysipelotrichales with substitutive increases in Bacteroidales. RFX also prevented EtOH-induced increases in portal lipopolysaccharide, and hepatic cluster of differentiation 14, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and TLR4 mRNA levels, suggesting the potential involvement of microbiota-related innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kuwahara-Arai
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Kirikae
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Medical Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ikejima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sea JL, Orgel E, Chen T, Paszkiewicz RL, Krall AS, Oberley MJ, Stiles L, Mittelman SD. Levocarnitine does not impair chemotherapy cytotoxicity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:420-428. [PMID: 31526067 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1666379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Asparaginase (ASNase) is an integral part of pediatric induction chemotherapy that has also been shown to improve adult survival rates; however, pegylated (PEG)-ASNase induces severe hepatotoxicity in this population. Recent case reports describe the incorporation of levocarnitine (LC) supplementation into PEG-ASNase-containing induction regimens to prevent or treat hepatotoxicity. Because LC facilitates the metabolism of free fatty acids (FFA), a primary fuel source for ALL cells, LC could potentially interfere with ALL chemotherapy efficacy. To test this, we employed in vitro and in vivo models of ALL. We show in vitro that LC supplementation does not impact cytotoxicity from vincristine, daunorubicin, dexamethasone, or ASNase on human ALL cells nor lead to an increase in ALL cell metabolic rate. In vivo, we demonstrate LC does not impair PEG-ASNase monotherapy in mice with syngeneic ALL. Together, our findings show that LC supplementation is a safe strategy to prevent/reverse ASNase-induced toxicities in preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Sea
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Etan Orgel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abigail S Krall
- Department of Biological Chemistry and the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Oberley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven D Mittelman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McCarty MF, Iloki-Assanga S, Lujany LML. Nutraceutical targeting of TLR4 signaling has potential for prevention of cancer cachexia. Med Hypotheses 2019; 132:109326. [PMID: 31421423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia - the proximate cause of at least 20% of cancer-related deaths - have until recently remained rather obscure. New research, however, clarifies that cancers evoking cachexia release microvesicles rich in heat shock proteins 70 and 90, and that these extracellular heat shock proteins induce cachexia by serving as agonists for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in skeletal muscle, macrophages, and adipocytes. Hence, safe nutraceutical measures which can down-regulate TLR4 signaling can be expected to aid prevention and control of cancer cachexia. There is reason to suspect that phycocyanobilin, ferulic acid, glycine, long-chain omega-3s, green tea catechins, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, carnitine, and high-dose biotin may have some utility in this regard.
Collapse
|
8
|
Suzuki M, Kon K, Ikejima K, Arai K, Uchiyama A, Aoyama T, Yamashina S, Ueno T, Watanabe S. The Chemical Chaperone 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Prevents Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Obese KK-A y Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:617-627. [PMID: 30748014 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-occurrence of metabolic syndrome and chronic alcohol consumption is increasing worldwide. The present study investigated the effect of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA)-which has been shown to alleviate dietary steatohepatitis caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-on chronic-plus-binge ethanol (EtOH)-induced liver injury in a mouse model of obesity. METHODS Male KK-Ay mice (8 weeks old) were fed a Lieber-DeCarli diet (5% EtOH) for 10 days. Some mice were given PBA intraperitoneally (120 mg/kg body weight, daily) during the experimental period. On day 11, mice were gavaged with a single dose of EtOH (4 g/kg body weight). Control mice were given a dextrin gavage after being pair-fed a control diet. All mice were then serially euthanized before or at 9 hours after gavage. RESULTS Chronic-plus-binge EtOH intake induced massive hepatic steatosis along with hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation, which was reversed by PBA treatment. Administration of PBA also suppressed chronic-plus-binge EtOH-induced up-regulation of ER stress-related genes including binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip), unspliced and spliced forms of X-box-binding protein-1 (uXBP1 and sXBP1, respectively), inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Further, it blocked chronic-plus-binge EtOH-induced expression of the oxidative stress marker heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and 4-hydroxynonenal. Chronic EtOH alone (without binge) increased Bip and uXBP1, but it did not affect those of sXBP1, IP3R, CHOP, or HO-1. PBA reversed the prebinge expression of these genes to control levels, but it did not affect chronic EtOH-induced hepatic activity of cytochrome P450 2E1. CONCLUSIONS Binge EtOH intake after chronic consumption induces massive ER stress-related oxidative stress and liver injury in a mouse model of obesity through dysregulation of the unfolded protein response. PBA ameliorated chronic-plus-binge EtOH-induced liver injury by reducing ER and oxidative stress after an EtOH binge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ikejima
- Department of Gastroenterology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Laboratory of Proteomics and Medical Science, Research Support Center, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|