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Gerin L, Gir E, Neves LADS, Passos LMR, Kfouri RDÁ, Reis RK. Online course on vaccinating people with HIV/AIDS - effectiveness in the knowledge of nursing professionals. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2024; 32:e4278. [PMID: 39140564 PMCID: PMC11321195 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.7004.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE analyzing the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the knowledge of nursing professionals regarding the immunization of people with the human immunodeficiency virus. METHOD a quasi-experimental study evaluated professionals' knowledge through a knowledge test applied before and after the development of an online training course. The data was analyzed using frequency, median, mean, standard deviation, and association tests. RESULTS the sample consisted of 77 nursing professionals whose mean age was 43.2 years (SD+/-8.2). More than half of the individuals worked in basic health units (58.4%), 22.1% worked in specialized services that provide clinical monitoring for people with the human immunodeficiency virus, and 42 (54.5%) were nursing assistants or technicians. The professionals' performance improved after the intervention, with an increase in the median number of correct answers from 23.0 to 27.0 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION offering an online training course on the immunization of people with the human immunodeficiency virus, as a continuing education activity, proved to be effective in improving nursing professionals' knowledge on this subject. HIGHLIGHTS (1) Services do not evaluate the vaccination status of people living with HIV.(2) The knowledge of health professionals may influence vaccination rates.(3) Health professionals' knowledge of immunization may be insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gerin
- Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, Divisão de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elucir Gir
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Karina Reis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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2
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Liu X, Wu Y, Huo Z, Zhang L, Jing S, Dai Z, Huang Y, Si M, Xin Y, Qu Y, Tang S, Su X. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:2183-2192. [PMID: 38625625 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top 10 threats to global health, which affects the prevalence and fatality of vaccine-preventable diseases over the world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) may have higher risks of infection, more serious complications, and worse prognosis without the protection of the COVID-19 vaccine. A systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2022. The pooled prevalence with a corresponding 95%CI of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH was reported. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore variation in prevalence across different categories. 23 studies with a total of 19,922 PLWH were included in this study. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH was 34.0%, and the influencing factors included male, influenza vaccination experience, and a CD4 count of more than 200 cells/mm3. Subgroup analysis did not identify significant causes of heterogeneity but showed that the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH varies by study period, region, and race. Although all PLWH are recommended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, a large proportion of them remain hesitant to be vaccinated. Therefore, governments and relevant institutions should take specific measures to encourage and promote vaccination to improve the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yijin Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Jing
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Si
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - You Xin
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Qu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglan Tang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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3
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Fursa O, Bannister W, Neesgaard B, Podlekareva D, Kowalska J, Benfield T, Gerstoft J, Reekie J, Rasmussen LD, Aho I, Guaraldi G, Staub T, Miro JM, Laporte JM, Elbirt D, Trofimova T, Sedlacek D, Matulionyte R, Oprea C, Bernasconi E, Hadžiosmanović V, Mocroft A, Peters L. SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity, and factors associated with COVID-19 among people with HIV across Europe in the multinational EuroSIDA cohort. HIV Med 2024; 25:711-724. [PMID: 38433476 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although people with HIV might be at risk of severe outcomes from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19]), regional and temporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 testing in people with HIV across Europe have not been previously described. METHODS We described the proportions of testing, positive test results, and hospitalizations due to COVID-19 between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 in the EuroSIDA cohort and the factors associated with being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and with ever testing positive. RESULTS Of 9012 participants, 2270 (25.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.3-26.1) had a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test during the study period (range: 38.3% in Northern to 14.6% in Central-Eastern Europe). People from Northern Europe, women, those aged <40 years, those with CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3, and those with previous cardiovascular disease or malignancy were significantly more likely to have been tested, as were people with HIV in 2021 compared with those in 2020. Overall, 390 people with HIV (4.3%, 95% CI 3.9-4.8) tested positive (range: 2.6% in Northern to 7.1% in Southern Europe), and the odds of testing positive were higher in all regions than in Northern Europe and in 2021 than in 2020. In total, 64 people with HIV (0.7%, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) were hospitalized, of whom 12 died. Compared with 2020, the odds of positive testing decreased in all regions in 2021, and the associations with cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate disappeared in 2021. Among study participants, 58.9% received a COVID-19 vaccine (range: 72.0% in Southern to 14.8% in Eastern Europe). CONCLUSIONS We observed large heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity and a low proportion of hospital admissions and deaths across the regions of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fursa
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Bannister
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Neesgaard
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Podlekareva
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Kowalska
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - J Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Reekie
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L D Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - I Aho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Guaraldi
- Modena HIV Cohort, Università degli Studi di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - T Staub
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - J M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Laporte
- Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - D Elbirt
- Allergy, Immunology and HIV Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T Trofimova
- Novgorod Centre for AIDS prevention and control, Veliky Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - D Sedlacek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Medical Faculty and Teaching Hospital Plzen, Charles University Prague, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - R Matulionyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - C Oprea
- Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - E Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, University of Geneva and University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - V Hadžiosmanović
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Mocroft
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- UCL Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), London, UK
| | - L Peters
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Bieńkowski C, Żak Z, Fijołek F, Cholewik M, Stępień M, Skrzat-Klapaczyńska A, Kowalska JD. Immunological and Clinical Responses to Vaccinations among Adults Living with HIV. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:540. [PMID: 38792562 PMCID: PMC11122059 DOI: 10.3390/life14050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases. At the same time, they are less likely to respond to vaccinations, and might have a higher rate of vaccine adverse event and faster waning of protective effect. International and national guidelines emphasize the importance of vaccinating people living with HIV against respiratory system disease pathogens including seasonal influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and COVID-19, as well as against sexually transmitted infections, i.e., Hepatitis A and B (HAV, HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the current knowledge regarding the immune and clinical responses elicited by vaccinations in the older adult population living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bieńkowski
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland; (F.F.); (A.S.-K.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Żak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Filip Fijołek
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland; (F.F.); (A.S.-K.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Cholewik
- Student’s Scientific Group at the Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Maciej Stępień
- Student’s Scientific Group at the Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Agata Skrzat-Klapaczyńska
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland; (F.F.); (A.S.-K.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna D. Kowalska
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland; (F.F.); (A.S.-K.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Oprea C, Quirke S, Ianache I, Bursa D, Antoniak S, Bogdanic N, Vassilenko AI, Aimla K, Matulionyte R, Rukhadze N, Harxhi A, Fleischhans L, Lakatos B, Sedlacek D, Dragovic G, Verhaz A, Yancheva N, Acet O, Protopapas K, Kowalska JD. HIV disease metrics and COVID-19 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe. HIV Med 2024; 25:343-352. [PMID: 38014768 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predictors of COVID-19 severity in this cohort. METHODS We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID-19 in central and eastern Europe. We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV characteristics and COVID-19 presentation and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.1. RESULTS The majority of the study cohort were male (76.4%) and 152 (28.3%) had a significant medical comorbidity. Median CD4 cell count at COVID-19 diagnosis was 605 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 409-824]. The majority of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were virally suppressed (92%). In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and respiratory failure (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses found that an undetectable HIV VL was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization (p < 0.0001), respiratory failure (p < 0.0001), ICU admission or death (p < 0.0001), and with a higher chance of full recovery (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION We can conclude that detectable HIV viral load was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness and can be used as a prognostic indicator in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Oprea
- Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siobhan Quirke
- Department of Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irina Ianache
- Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dominik Bursa
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergii Antoniak
- Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nikolina Bogdanic
- University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anne I Vassilenko
- Global Fund Grant Management Department, Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Raimonda Matulionyte
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nino Rukhadze
- Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Arjan Harxhi
- University Hospital Center of Tirana, Infectious Disease Service, Tirana, Albania
| | - Lukáš Fleischhans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Faculty Hospital Bulovka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Botond Lakatos
- National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, South-Pest Central Hospital, National Center of HIV, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dalibor Sedlacek
- Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, University Hospital Plzeň, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Gordana Dragovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonija Verhaz
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nina Yancheva
- Department for AIDS, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Disease Sofia, Sofi, Bulgaria
| | - Oguzhan Acet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Konstantinos Protopapas
- University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Rombini MF, Cecchini D, Diana Menendez S, Calanni L, Cuini R, Obieta E, Greco MM, Morales F, Morganti L, Migazzi C, El Kozah Y, Parenti P, Cassetti I. Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy and Clinical Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051127. [PMID: 37243213 DOI: 10.3390/v15051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir has been hypothesized to be effective against COVID-19 and is available as two prodrugs, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), both part of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) might be at higher risk for COVID-19 progression; however, information about the impact of tenofovir on COVID-19 clinical outcomes remains controversial. The COVIDARE is a prospective observational multicentric study in Argentina. PLWH with COVID-19 were enrolled from September 2020 to mid-June 2022. Patients were stratified according to baseline ART into those with tenofovir (TDF or TAF) and those without. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of tenofovir vs. non-tenofovir-containing regimens on major clinical outcomes. Of the 1155 subjects evaluated, 927 (80%) received tenofovir-based ART (79% TDF, 21% TAF) whilst the remaining population was under non-tenofovir regimens. The non-tenofovir group had older age and a higher prevalence of heart and kidney disease. Regarding the prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19, tomographic findings, hospitalization, and mortality, no differences were observed. The oxygen therapy requirement was higher in the non-tenofovir group. In the multivariate analyses, a first model with adjustment for viral load, CD4 T-cell count, and overall comorbidities showed that oxygen requirement was associated with non-tenofovir ART. In a second model with adjustment by chronic kidney disease, tenofovir exposure was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Cecchini
- Helios Salud, Buenos Aires 1141, Argentina
- Hospital Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires 1155, Argentina
| | | | | | - Rosana Cuini
- Hospital Teodoro Álvarez, Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina
| | - Elena Obieta
- Hospital Municipal Ciudad de Boulogne, Boulogne 1609, Argentina
| | - María M Greco
- Hospital Español de La Plata, La Plata 1902, Argentina
| | | | | | - Claudia Migazzi
- Hospital Presidente Perón de Avellaneda, Avellaneda 1872, Argentina
| | - Yasmin El Kozah
- Helios Salud, Buenos Aires 1141, Argentina
- Hospital Municipal Ciudad de Boulogne, Boulogne 1609, Argentina
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7
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Kowalska JD, Lara M, Hlebowicz M, Mularska E, Jabłonowska E, Siwak E, Wandałowicz A, Witak-Jędra M, Olczak A, Bociąga-Jasik M, Suchacz M, Stempkowska-Rejek J, Wasilewski P, Parczewski M. Non-HIV-related comorbidities and uncontrolled HIV replication are independent factors increasing the odds of hospitalization due to COVID-19 among HIV-positive patients in Poland. Infection 2023; 51:379-387. [PMID: 35882773 PMCID: PMC9325668 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunocompromised patients are postulated to be at elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes of COVID-19. The exact effect of HIV infection on the course of COVID-19 remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS The HIV-positive patients who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified through thirteen specialist HIV clinics routinely following them due to HIV treatment. The data were collected between November 2020 and May 2021 through an on-line electronical case report form (SurveyMonkey®). The collected information included demographics, lifestyle, comorbidities, HIV care history, COVID-19 clinical course and treatment. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the odds of death or hospitalization due to COVID-19. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-three patients with HIV-SARS-CoV-2 coinfection were included in the analysis. One hundred and sixty-one (93.1%) subjects had a symptomatic course of the disease. Thirty-nine (23.1%) of them were hospitalized, 23 (13.3%) necessitated oxygen therapy. Three (1.8%) patients required admission to the intensive care unit and 6 (3.5%) patients died. The presence of comorbidities and an HIV viral load of more than 50 copies/mL were linked to the increased odds of hospitalization (OR 3.24 [95% CI 1.27-8.28]) and OR 5.12 [95% CI 1.35-19.6], respectively). CONCLUSIONS As depicted by our analyses, HIV-positive patients with comorbidities and/or uncontrolled HIV replication who are diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered of high risk of poor COVID-19 outcome and followed up carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna D. Kowalska
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Medical University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- HIV Out-Patient Clinic, Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Lara
- 3rd Department, Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Present Address: Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital in Cracow, ul. Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Hlebowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mularska
- Outpatient Clinic for AIDS Diagnostics and Therapy Specialistic Hospital, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jabłonowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Siwak
- HIV Out-Patient Clinic, Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Wandałowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Witak-Jędra
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anita Olczak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Bociąga-Jasik
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Suchacz
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Wasilewski
- 4Th Department, Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miłosz Parczewski
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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