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Monteiro LPB, Guerreiro MYR, Belladonna FG, de Lima CO, da Silva EJNL, da Silva Brandão JM. Can the addition of surfactants to NaOCl irrigation impact on the percentage of voids of root canal filling? AUST ENDOD J 2024; 50:260-266. [PMID: 38243635 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of canal irrigation using surfactants associated to NaOCl on the percentage of voids of root canal filling through micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. 27 mandibular mesial roots with Vertucci type II canal configuration with isthmus were selected and scanned in a micro-CT device. The specimens were assigned to three groups (n = 9), according to the irrigation solution during instrumentation: 2.5% NaOCl without additives (control), 2.5% NaOCl with 0.1% Benzalkonium Chloride and 2.5% NaOCl with 0.1% Tween 80. After obturation, the specimens were rescanned, and the percentage of voids were calculated. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of 5%. The percentage of voids were similar among the groups (p > 0.05). None of the specimens showed completely voids-free areas. The addition of surfactants to NaOCl irrigation did not improve the quality of root canal filling of mandibular mesial root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolina Oliveira de Lima
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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Xu M, Ren H, Liu C, Zhao X, Li X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of root morphology and canal configuration of permanent premolars using cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:656. [PMID: 38835024 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of root canal treatment is greatly impacted by a thorough understanding of root canal anatomy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to thoroughly investigate the root morphology and canal configuration (RMCC) of permanent premolars (PMs). METHODOLOGY A comprehensive analysis was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature exploration was carried out across four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science). The risk of bias assessment was conducted for the included studies utilizing the Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool. Data analysis was performed utilizing SPSS and RevMAN5.3.3. The meta-analysis was applied with a 95% confidence interval to calculate odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Among the 82 selected studies, 59 studies exhibited potential bias in domain one (objective(s) and subject characteristics), followed by domain three (methodology characterization). The majority of maxillary PM1s had either single root (46.7%) or double roots (51.9%), while three-rooted variants were uncommon (1.4%). Conversely, most other PMs exhibited a single root. In terms of canal configuration, maxillary PM1s predominantly featured double distinct canals (87.2%), with the majority of maxillary PM2s displaying either a single canal (51.4%) or double canals (48.3%). Mandibular PMs were primarily characterized by single canals, accounting for 78.3% of mandibular PM1s and 90.3% of mandibular PM2s. Subgroup analyses revealed higher incidences of single-rooted and single-canalled PMs among Asians compared to Caucasians. Additionally, women exhibited a higher incidence of single-rooted PMs, while men showed a greater frequency of double-rooted PMs. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive analysis indicated that maxillary PM1s predominantly possess double roots and double canals, whereas maxillary PM2s and mandibular PMs were primarily characterized by single-rooted with a single canal. Notably, single root and single canal were more prevalent among women and Asian samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Xu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huiying Ren
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Congrui Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of stomatology, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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Aljawhar AM, Ibrahim N, Abdul Aziz A, Ahmed HMA, Azami NH. Characterization of the root and canal anatomy of maxillary premolar teeth in an Iraqi subpopulation: a cone beam computed tomography study. Odontology 2024; 112:570-587. [PMID: 37957521 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the number of roots and root canal morphology types of maxillary premolars in relation to a patient's gender and age in an Iraqi population using two classification systems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 1116 maxillary premolars from 385 patients were evaluated for the number of roots and root canal morphology types according to Vertucci's classification and Ahmed et al. classification systems. Differences in the number of roots and root canal morphology types with regard to tooth type, patients' gender and age groups were evaluated and the degree of bilateral symmetry was determined. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. About 51.1% of the 1st premolars were double rooted. The majority (87.9%) of the 2nd premolars were single rooted. The three-rooted form presented in only 1.2% and 0.7% of the 1st and 2nd premolars, respectively. Vertucci Type IV (Ahmed et al. code 2MaxP B1P1) and Vertucci Type I (Ahmed et al. code 1MaxP1) were the most common canal morphology types in the 1st and 2nd premolars, respectively. Females showed a lower number of roots and a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type I configuration (P < 0.05). Younger age groups showed a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type I configuration (P < 0.05). Bilateral symmetry was seen in more than half of the maxillary premolars. There is a considerable variation in the number of roots and root canal configurations of maxillary premolars in the studied Iraqi population, with a significant difference by gender and age groups. Ahmed et al. classification provided more accurate presentation of the root and canal anatomy in maxillary premolars compared to Vertucci's classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohammed Aljawhar
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ibrahim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azwatee Abdul Aziz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayati Azami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Elsayed MA, Elmesellawy MY, Schäfer E. Prevalence of multiple roots and complex canal morphology in mandibular premolars among a selected Southern Egyptian sub-population: a CBCT-analysis. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00903-7. [PMID: 38351258 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The mandibular premolars can pose a significant challenge in root canal treatment due to their complex canal system. This study investigated the prevalence of multiple roots and complex canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a selected Egyptian sub-population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). 283 CBCT scans (131 males, 152 females, age 18-70) included 1132 mandibular premolars (566 first, and 566 second premolars) were viewed for incidences ofvariation in root numbers and canal configuration according to Vertucci's classification. CBCT images were assessed by two endodontists, data were statistically analyzed using Fisher exact and Chi-square tests. The majority of first premolars (85.7%) exhibited a single root, whereas 14.7% had 2 roots with a significantly higher frequency in males (19.8%) than in females (9.5%) (P < .05). The most prevalent type was type I (57.8%), followed by type V (21.7%), while types II and VII made up only 1%. Types V and III were more prevalent among females, while males had a higher prevalence of types I and IV. In 2.5% of cases, mandibular second premolars were found to have 2 roots, with a higher incidence in males (P < .05). Type I canals were significantly more prevalent (90.8%) than other types, followed by type V (5.3%) (P < .05). A statistically significant gender correlation was found regarding root number and canal configuration. It is not uncommon to find mandibular first premolars with two roots in the southern Egyptian population, particularly in males. These observations may be valuable for dentists who treat Southern Egyptians, in Egypt and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Endodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance, School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Martins JNR, Versiani MA. Worldwide Assessment of the Root and Root Canal Characteristics of Maxillary Premolars - A Multi-center Cone-beam Computed Tomography Cross-sectional Study With Meta-analysis. J Endod 2024; 50:31-54. [PMID: 37898333 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This worldwide study examined the root and root canal characteristics of maxillary premolars and explored how demographic factors impact the outcomes. METHODS Observers from 44 countries assessed 26,400 maxillary premolars using cone-beam computed tomography and employed a standardized screening method to gather data on multiple canal morphology and 3-rooted configuration (primary outcomes), as well as secondary outcomes related to root and root canal anatomies. Demographic factors such as ethnicity, sex, and age were collected for each participant. The intra- and inter-observer tests ensured observer reliability. Primary outcomes were represented as odds ratios and untransformed proportions accompanied by 95% confidence interval (CI) forest plots. Meta-analysis compared sub-groups and identified sources of heterogeneity (α = 5%). RESULTS The overall prevalence of multiple canal morphology in the first premolar was 93.5% (95% CI, 93.3%-94.7%), while in the second premolar, it was 49.7% (95% CI, 44.9%-54.6%). The proportion of 3-rooted configuration was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.1%) in the first premolar and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.5%) in the second. Asian countries generally displayed fewer roots and root canals, while European nations showed higher counts (P < .05). Males exhibited higher percentages and odds ratios for both outcomes in both premolars. Younger patients demonstrated lower percentages of multiple root canal morphologies (P < .05). Factors such as tooth side, voxel size and field-of-view did not influence the outcomes (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The worldwide assessment of root and root canal characteristics of maxillary premolars has revealed a discernible influence of various factors such as tooth type, geographical region, ethnicity, sex, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge N R Martins
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE) - Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Burns LE, Gencerliler N, Terlizzi K, Solis-Roman C, Sigurdsson A, Gold HT. Apexification Outcomes in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Endod 2023; 49:1269-1275. [PMID: 37517583 PMCID: PMC10543604 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This epidemiological analysis used procedure codes from dental insurance claims data to identify apexification cases and evaluate survival at the tooth-level. METHODS Dental insurance claims data from New York State (2006-2019) and Massachusetts (2013-2018) were used in an observational, retrospective cohort study to evaluate the provision and treatment outcomes of apexification. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the hazard of adverse event occurrence by age, gender, tooth type, placement of permanent restoration, and dental provider type. A sensitivity analysis evaluated potential bias in the survival estimates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) due to differential loss to follow-up. Robust standard errors were used to account for potential dependence between teeth within an individual. RESULTS The analytic cohort of 575 individuals included 632 teeth, with an average follow-up time of 64 months. The survival rates of apexification procedures were 95% at 1 year; 93% at 2 years; 90% at 3 years; and 86% at 5 years. Tooth retention following apexification was 98% at 1 year; 96% at 2 years; 95% at 3 years; and 90% at 5 years. Tooth type and subsequent placement of a permanent restoration were significant predictors of survival after apexification. CONCLUSIONS The procedural and tooth survival outcomes of apexification were high and comparable to studies that analyzed clinical data on tooth survival following apexification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorel E Burns
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, New York, New York.
| | - Nihan Gencerliler
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, New York, New York
| | - Kelly Terlizzi
- New York University Health Evaluation and Analytics Lab, New York, New York
| | | | - Asgeir Sigurdsson
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, New York, New York
| | - Heather T Gold
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Population Health, New York, New York
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Machado R, Pamplona GF, de Souza Júnior C, Nascimento J, Back EDEE, Comparin D, Ignácio SA, Reinke SMG, Kovalik AC, da Silva Neto UX. Clinical determination of anatomical diameter in different dental groups correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis: an observational clinical study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16215. [PMID: 37758735 PMCID: PMC10533535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this observational clinical study (OCS) was to determine the clinical anatomical diameter (CAD) in several dental groups, thus correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis. Three-hundred fifty-nine teeth/584 vital or necrotic root canals from patients of both genders and different ages composed the sample. After performing the necessary previous procedures, K-Flexofiles were used to determine the CAD. Then, the gender and age of the patients, as well as the pulpoperiradicular diagnosis of the teeth were tabulated to conduct the statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Of the 359 teeth/584 root canals evaluated, 208/342 were from women (mean age 38.85 ± 13.42 years) and 151/242 were from men (mean age 45.41 ± 14.90 years). Statistically significant differences between the CAD means of root canals from women and men were not identified (p = 0.411). The analysis of the correlation between the CAD and age also showed a total independence (p = 0.271). Teeth with pulp necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis diagnosed radiographically (TPNAAPDR) had a significantly larger CAD mean than teeth with pulp necrosis and no asymptomatic apical periodontitis diagnosed radiographically (TPNNAAPDR) and teeth with vital pulp and normal apical tissues (TVPNAT) (p = 0.0297); and the last two did not differ statistically (p > 0.05). The largest CAD mean was observed in single canals of maxillary central incisors. The lowest values of this variable were identified in the mesiobuccal and mesial canals of maxillary and mandibular first molars, respectively. The CAD of the root canals was influenced only by the root canal/tooth and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Machado
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau-FURB, Rua São Paulo, 2171, Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-001, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Filipe Pamplona
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau-FURB, Rua São Paulo, 2171, Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-001, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Nascimento
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUC/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Comparin
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Paranaense University-UNIPAR, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUC/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stella Maria Glaci Reinke
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau-FURB, Rua São Paulo, 2171, Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-001, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Kovalik
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau-FURB, Rua São Paulo, 2171, Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-001, Brazil
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Nagahara T, Takeda K, Wada K, Naruse T, Shiba H. Rare root canal morphology of maxillary second molars: A report of three cases. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7547. [PMID: 37415578 PMCID: PMC10320364 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Endodontists should be aware that some maxillary second molars can have more than three roots. If any unusual anatomical features are detected during dental radiography or endodontic procedures, it is necessary to conduct cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning to prevent procedural mishaps. Abstract CBCT can provide three-dimensional reconstructed images of the root canal system. With the help of CBCT, variations in tooth root number and root canal morphology, such as extra canals, apical ramifications, apical deltas, and lateral canals, can be identified. Knowledge of the variations is very important for the success of endodontic treatment. This report suggests that endodontists must not assume that a MSM has only three tooth roots, which is the most prevalent number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Nagahara
- Nippon Kokan Fukuyama HospitalHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | | | - Tomoya Naruse
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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Al-Maswary AA, Almadhoon HW, Elkhateb A, Hamdallah A, Halboub E. The global prevalence of middle mesial canal in mandibular first and second molars assessed by cone beam computed tomography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00236-4. [PMID: 37116828 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis sought to identify the in vivo prevalence and influencing factors of middle mesial canal (MMC) in mandibular first and second molars based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. METHODS MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Google Scholar databases/search engines were searched in period between 15th and 21st November 2022, to retrieve the in vivo CBCT-based studies that assessed the prevalence of MMC in mandibular first and/or second molars. The studies were strictly assessed using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria for relevancy and eligibility through screening the title and abstract, and then assessed through reading the full texts using the same criteria. Subsequently, the fulfilled studies were assessed qualitatively using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, and quantitatively using meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence rates of MMC. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULTS Out of 1,122 studies, 33 studies comprised 13,349 and 7,624 mandibular first and second molars, respectively, were eligible for inclusion. Twenty studies scored high quality, while thirteen scored moderate quality. The global prevalence of MMC in the first molar was 4.4% (95% CI = 0.035-0.053, P<0.001), significantly higher than that of the second molar which was 1.3% (95%, CI = 0.008-0.018, P<0.001). Gender, molar side, and age were not influencing factors of MMC prevalence. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MMC is not uncommon, being higher in the mandibular first molar compared to the mandibular second molar. The prevalence of MMC is not influenced by age, molar's side, and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A Al-Maswary
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | | | | | | | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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Almeida JC, Candemil AP, Bertolini GR, Souza-Gabriel AE, Cruz-Filho AM, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva RG. Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of the root canal anatomy of the lower premolars and molars in a Brazilian sub-population. Imaging Sci Dent 2023; 53:77-82. [PMID: 37006788 PMCID: PMC10060753 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20220204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated anatomical variations in the root canals of the lower premolars and molars in a Brazilian sub-population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods In total, 121 CBCT images of patients were selected from a database. All images contained lower first and second premolars and molars on both sides of the arch, fully developed roots, and no treatment, resorption, or calcifications. In each image, the root canals of the lower premolars and molars were evaluated according to the Vertucci classification in On-Demand 3D software in the multiplanar reconstruction with dynamic navigation. Twenty-five percent of the images were re-assessed to analyze intraobserver confidence with the kappa test. Data were statistically evaluated with linear regression to evaluate the correlations of anatomic variations with age and sex, and the Wilcoxon test to analyze the laterality of variations, with a significance level of 5%. Results The intraobserver agreement (0.94) was excellent. In general, the root canals of lower premolars and molars showed a higher prevalence of type I than other Vertucci classification types, followed by type V in premolars and type II in molars. When the molar roots were evaluated separately, type II was more frequent in mesial roots and type I in distal roots. Although age showed no correlations with the results, sex and laterality showed correlations with tooth 45 and the lower second premolars, respectively. Conclusion The lower premolars and molars of a Brazilian sub-population showed a wide range of root canal anatomic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cecilia Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pelegrin Candemil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gunther Ricardo Bertolini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda Cruz-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gariba Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Barbhai S, Shetty R, Joshi P, Mehta V, Mathur A, Sharma T, Chakraborty D, Porwal P, Meto A, Wahjuningrum DA, Luke AM, Pawar AM. Evaluation of Root Anatomy and Canal Configuration of Human Permanent Maxillary First Molar Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10160. [PMID: 36011794 PMCID: PMC9408299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the literature on root canal configuration (RCC) and the frequency of occurrence of a second mesiobuccal canal (MB) in human permanent maxillary first molars where cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used. Online electronic databases such as PubMed-Medline, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched using appropriate keywords from the earliest available date until 12th June 2022, without restriction on language. In the mesiobuccal root, type I was the most frequent (33.29%), followed by types II and IV (27.18% and 26.36%, respectively). Moreover, 68.2% of maxillary first molars had a second MB canal. For both the distobuccal and palatal roots, type I was the most prevalent, with 99.08% and 97.83% occurrence, respectively. All other types were infrequent. Type I RCC is most frequent in all the roots of the maxillary first molars. Hence, care must be taken during biomechanical preparation of the MB roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Barbhai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam Joshi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vini Mehta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Mathur
- STAT SENSE, Srushti 10, Sector 1 D, Amba Township Pvt. Ltd., Trimandir, Adalaj 382421, Gujarat, India
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- STAT SENSE, Srushti 10, Sector 1 D, Amba Township Pvt. Ltd., Trimandir, Adalaj 382421, Gujarat, India
| | - Damini Chakraborty
- Bhowal’s Dental and Implant Clinic, Bengal GreenField Heights, Galaxy-6FS, beside Apollo Pharmacy, DJ Block (Newtown), Newtown, Kolkata 700136, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Porwal
- STAT SENSE, Srushti 10, Sector 1 D, Amba Township Pvt. Ltd., Trimandir, Adalaj 382421, Gujarat, India
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Aldent, 1007 Tirana, Albania
| | - Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlingga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Maniangat Luke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ajinkya M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai 400008, Maharashtra, India
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Anatomical Evaluation of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Dentition among the Saudi Arabian Population: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2400314. [PMID: 35958809 PMCID: PMC9363226 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a compendious review of root canal morphology of “permanent mandibular teeth in different regions of Saudi Arabia” to obtain a large sample representing the total population. A detailed search through the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The data were analyzed based on the following inclusion criteria: original full-length original articles that reported the variables of interest “(number of roots, number of canals, Vertucci's classification system and C-shaped canals or mid-mesial canals)” of the mandibular teeth and conducted on Saudi subjects. The retrieved data were presented as frequencies and percentages. The results revealed that 56.6% of mandibular central incisors had one canal and Vertucci type I (56.6%), while 57.4% of the mandibular lateral incisors had one canal, with Vertucci types I and III most frequent. In mandibular canines, 91.8% had one canal and 8.2% had two canals. Most of the mandibular first premolars had one root (86.6%), while almost all mandibular second premolars (91.5%) had one canal, and 96.9% had Vertucci type I configuration. Among the mandibular first molars, three and four canals were prevalent in 58.7% and 40.6%, respectively. The majority of mesial roots had Vertucci type IV (60.6%), and most of distal roots had Vertucci type I (72.2%). Most of the mandibular second molars had three canals (87.3%) and showed Vertucci type IV (39.4%) canals for mesial roots and Vertucci type I (95.6%) for distal roots. The C-shaped canals were seen in 8% of first premolars and 9.8% of second molars. The middle mesial canal was found in 4.2% and 0.4% of first and second molars, respectively. This review could represent “the population of Saudi Arabia as the included samples were combined from different regions of the country.” Some variations were noticed within the same group of teeth from different regions. However, the overall results of combined samples were comparable to the other international studies.
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Yang L, Han J, Wang Q, Wang Z, Yu X, Du Y. Variations of root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in Chinese individuals: a cone-beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:274. [PMID: 35790917 PMCID: PMC9258086 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mandibular second molars demonstrate variations on root and canal morphology. The aim of this study was to investigate all the root canal morphology of mandibular second molars and analyze the morphological variations in patients by gender and age in a Chinese population use CBCT imaging. METHODS Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 1200 bilateral mandibular second molars were obtained from 600 patients (300 females and 300 males) who required a preoperative assessment for implant surgery, surgical removal of impacted teeth, orthodontic treatment, surgery of maxillofacial tumour and cysts or LeFort I osteotomy. CBCT images were divided into 5 groups according to age: "15-24 years", "25-34 years", "35-44 years", "45-54 years" and "≥ 55 years"; and 2 groups by gender: "females" and "males". The following information were recorded: the number of roots and canals and their morphology, the frequency and configuration of C-shaped canals by gender, age and position (left and right). The chi-square test was used to analyse differences between groups. P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 1200 teeth, 61% had two separate roots located mesiodistally, 35.6% had one C-shaped root. The 45.3% teeth had three canals in two-rooted mandibular second molars. The mesial root showed a Vertucci type II configuration in 28.9% cases followed by type IV(24.4%). While the distal root showed a significant higher prevalence of type I configuration in 95.6%. In the examined 1200 teeth, 430 teeth (35.8%) had C-shaped root canals. The prevalence of C-shaped root canal systems was significantly higher in females (42.5%) than in males (29.1%) (P = 0.000), and did not differ with age (P = 0.126). The 80.4% C-shaped canals were bilateral (P = 0.000) and did not differ with side (left and right) (P = 0.758). CONCLUSIONS The most commonly observed root morphology for the mandibular second molars was 2 separate roots with three canals.The prevalence of C-shaped root canal is 35.8% and is more higher in females than in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Central Laboratory of Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingchao Han
- Department of Radiology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qibao Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Central Laboratory of Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Central Laboratory of Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xijiao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Central Laboratory of Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Endodontics, Central Laboratory of Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Fournier G, Maret D, Duchesne S, Telmon N, Diemer F, Savall F. Root and canal morphology of the permanent teeth in medieval and current French population. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 140:105452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee JB, Seo MS. Mandibular incisors with two canals are associated with the presence of the distolingual root in mandibular first molars: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:145. [PMID: 35473630 PMCID: PMC9044624 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the root canal configurations and the association between mandibular first molars and distolingual root (DLR) and mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Mandibular first molars and incisors were evaluated using CBCT images of 150 patients. Mandibular first molars were classified according to the presence or absence of DLR. The curvature of the DLR was evaluated using Schneider’s method in buccolingual and mesiodistal orientations. The angle of the mesiolingual–distolingual–distobuccal canal orifices (ML–DL–DB) was evaluated at the pulpal floor level. The mandibular central and lateral incisors were classified as either single canal or two canals. The association between the root canal system of the mandibular first molar and mandibular incisors was evaluated. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and odds ratios from binary logistic regression. The significance level was set at 5%. Results The frequency of mandibular first molars with DLR was 27.0% and that of mandibular incisors with two canals was 25.8%. The curvature of the DLR was 37.1° in the buccolingual orientation and 10.4° in the mesiodistal orientation. The angle of ML–DL–DB was 79.0°. The presence of two canal systems in mandibular incisors was associated with the presence of DLR in the mandibular first molar (left central incisors: p = 0.001, odds ratio = 4.25; left lateral incisors: p < 0.001, odds ratio = 3.8; right central incisors: p = 0.003, odds ratio = 3.86; right lateral incisors: p = 0.001, odds ratio = 3.44) but not with the curvature of the DLR or angle of the ML–DL–DB orifice (p > 0.05). Conclusions The mandibular first molar showed a high incidence of separate DLRs. It was confirmed that DLR in the mandibular first molar is highly associated with the presence of two-canal system in the mandibular incisors. This association can aid clinicians in successful endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental College, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Min-Seock Seo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental College, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. .,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital, 77 Dunsan-Ro, Seo-Gu, Daejeon, 302-120, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Endodontic Management of Mandibular Second Premolar with Vertucci Root Canal Configuration Type V. Case Rep Dent 2022; 2022:3197393. [PMID: 35399794 PMCID: PMC8993574 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3197393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of root canal anatomy in permanent dentition is quite common. Understanding the basic anatomy of the root canal morphology and its variations is particularly important for successful root canal treatment. Mandibular second premolar usually consists of a single root with a single root canal. The presence of split roots in the apical third of the root with two separate root canals is quite rare. The major cause of endodontic failure in missed canals is that it harbors bacteria and other microorganisms. Careful radiographic interpretation and clinical examination of the pulp chamber will be helpful in locating canal orifices. The mandibular premolars with Vertucci type V canal configuration pose a challenge in clinical management. Identifying them early is important to aid appropriate modification in treatment protocol. In this case report, important modifications of clinical steps and application of magnification for successful management with access chamber modification are explained.
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17
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Sierra-Cristancho A, González-Osuna L, Balanta-Melo J, Cafferata EA, Rojas C, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Carvajal P, Vernal R. A micro-CT analysis of radicular dentine thickness in mandibular first premolars presenting C-shaped root canals: Identification of potential danger zones. Int Endod J 2022; 55:672-684. [PMID: 35344612 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the radicular dentine thickness in mandibular first premolars presenting C-shaped root canals, in order to identify the canal walls with less thickness as potential danger zones. In addition, to describe the internal and external anatomical characteristics of these teeth and to associate them to the dentine thickness. METHODOLOGY A total of 70 mandibular first premolars presenting C-shaped root canals were examined. Their internal morphology was analyzed using Vertucci´s and Fan´s criteria, and their external morphology was analyzed using the ASUDAS score. Besides, the dentine thickness around the root canals was two/three-dimensionally determined at five root planes and quantified in the distal and the mesial aspects. RESULTS According to Fan´s, ASUDAS, and Vertucci´s classifications, the most common canal configurations were category C3, grade 3, and type V, respectively. In Vertucci's type III anatomy, the mesial root wall of the lingual canal showed significantly less dentine thickness than the distal wall in the middle plane (p = 0.031). Similarly, in Vertucci's type V anatomy, significantly less dentine thickness was observed in the mesial root wall of the buccal and lingual canals in the middle plane (p < 0.001) and the buccal canal in the middle-apical plane (p = 0.014) than the distal root wall of these canals. In teeth with ASUDAS grade 3 and 4 scores, significantly less dentine thickness was observed in the mesial in comparison with the distal root wall of these canals. These differences were demonstrated in the middle and middle-apical planes (p < 0.001) of grade 3 teeth and the middle-apical plane (p < 0.001) of grade 4 teeth. In these root planes, the Ver1-AS3 and VerV-AS3 combinations presented a 4-times greater risk of presenting walls with a critical dentine thickness of 0.6 mm (OR=4, p = 0.025) than the combinations Ver1-AS2, VerV-AS2, VerV-AS4, and VerIII-AS3. CONCLUSIONS The root canal system configuration of mandibular first premolars with C-shaped canals showed a wide range of anatomical variations. The lowest dentine thickness was located in the mesial wall of the canals in the middle and apical root thirds of Vertucci´s type III and V anatomies and in teeth with deep radicular grooves scored as ASUDAS grade 3 and 4. In the middle and middle-apical planes, the presence of the combinations Ver1-AS3 and VerV-AS3 showed a high risk of presenting a critical dentine thickness of 0.6 mm. Therefore, these root canal walls with less dentine thickness represent potential instrumentation danger zones in mandibular first premolars with C-shaped canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sierra-Cristancho
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - L González-Osuna
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Balanta-Melo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - E A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima
| | - C Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mashyakhy M, Awawdeh M, Abu-Melha A, Alotaibi B, AlTuwaijri N, Alazzam N, Almutairi R, Alessa R. Anatomical Evaluation of Root and Root Canal Configuration of Permanent Maxillary Dentition in the Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3428229. [PMID: 35075425 PMCID: PMC8783711 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3428229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study is aimed at combining the sample sizes of all studies on permanent maxillary teeth conducted in different regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to obtain a large sample size that represents the population of the KSA. The outcome of these combined studies is compared with international studies in terms of the number of roots, number of canals, and canal configurations on the basis of Vertucci's classification. Methodology. The studies were systematically reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis chart. Studies were included in the analysis if they were conducted in the KSA, involved permanent human maxillary teeth, and had a sample of more than 10 teeth (power). By contrast, studies were excluded if they involved deciduous teeth in the sample size, investigated nonhuman teeth, were not conducted in the KSA, and were case reports, case series, review studies, and anomalies. Relevant literature was searched from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and Direct Science by two calibrated teams, starting in August 2020, without time limits or language restrictions. RESULTS The database searches and cross-referencing identified a total of 19 relevant studies. All maxillary canines (N = 1,018) had one root, whereas 98.4% had one canal and 98.3% had Vertucci type I. Moreover, 63.2% of the maxillary first premolars had two roots, and 91.4% had two canals. The most common Vertucci root canal configuration was type IV (64.6%). The maxillary second premolars mostly had one root (84.4%) and one canal (50.4%). The most common canal configuration was Vertucci type I (47.1%). The majority of maxillary first molars had three roots (98.9%), 48.7% of which had three canals, and 46.4% had four canals. The most prevalent feature of the canal morphology of mesiobuccal roots was Vertucci type II (35.3%). The investigated maxillary second molars had three roots, 88.0% of which had three canals. CONCLUSION This systematic review represents the Saudi population since samples were combined from different studies from different regions of the country. Variations in findings were observed in the same group of teeth from different regions and the same region, while the overall combined samples results fell within the range of other international studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mashyakhy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Awawdeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abu-Melha
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nada AlTuwaijri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alazzam
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Almutairi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reuof Alessa
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lamira A, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Nicolielo LFP, Leoni GB, Silva-Sousa AC, Silva-Sousa YTC, Pauwels R, Buls N, Jacobs R, Sousa-Neto MD. CBCT-based assessment of root canal treatment using micro-CT reference images. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 52:245-258. [PMID: 36238704 PMCID: PMC9530298 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20220019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study compared the root canal anatomy between cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images before and after biomechanical preparation and root canal filling. Materials and Methods Isthmus-containing mesial roots of mandibular molars (n=14) were scanned by micro-CT and 3 CBCT devices: 3D Accuitomo 170 (ACC), NewTom 5G (N5G) and NewTom VGi evo (NEVO). Two calibrated observers evaluated the images for 2-dimensional quantitative parameters, the presence of debris or root perforation, and filling quality in the root canal and isthmus. The kappa coefficient, analysis of variance, and the Tukey test were used for statistical analyses (α=5%). Results Substantial intra-observer agreement (κ=0.63) was found between micro-CT and ACC, N5G, and NEVO. Debris detection was difficult using ACC (42.9%), N5G (40.0%), and NEVO (40%), with no agreement between micro-CT and ACC, N5G, and NEVO (0.05<κ<0.12). After biomechanical preparation, 2.4%-4.8% of CBCT images showed root perforation that was absent on micro-CT. The 2D parameters showed satisfactory reproducibility between micro-CT and ACC, N5G, and NEVO (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.60-0.73). Partially filled isthmuses were observed in 2.9% of the ACC images, 8.8% of the N5G and NEVO images, and 26.5% of the micro-CT images, with no agreement between micro-CT and ACC, and poor agreement between micro-CT and N5G and NEVO. Excellent agreement was found for area, perimeter, and the major and minor diameters, while the roundness measures were satisfactory. Conclusion CBCT images aided in isthmus detection and classification, but did not allow their classification after biomechanical preparation and root canal filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessando Lamira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Ferreira Pinheiro Nicolielo
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ruben Pauwels
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Yammine S. Root canal morphology and effects on root canal preparation. THE SAINT'S INTERNATIONAL DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sidj.sidj_5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Worldwide Assessment of the Mandibular First Molar Second Distal Root and Root Canal: A Cross-sectional Study with Meta-analysis. J Endod 2021; 48:223-233. [PMID: 34848251 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assessed the prevalence of radix entomolaris and 2 canals at the distal aspect of mandibular first molars among different geographic regions by means of cone-beam computed tomographic imaging. METHODS Precalibrated observers from 23 worldwide geographic locations followed a standardized screening protocol to assess 5750 cone-beam computed tomographic images of mandibular first molars (250 per region), gathering demographic data and recording the presence of radix entomolaris and a second canal at the distal aspect of teeth. Intra- and interrater reliability tests were conducted and comparisons among groups were performed using proportions and odds ratio forest plots. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS The results of intra- and interrater tests were above 0.79. The prevalence of radix entomolaris varied from 0.9% in Venezuela (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%-1.9%) to 22.4% in China (95% CI, 17.2%-27.6%). Regarding the proportion of a second distal canal, it ranged from 16.4% in Venezuela (95% CI, 11.8%-21.0%) to 60.0% in Egypt (95% CI, 53.9%-66.1%). The East Asia subgroup was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of an extra distolingual root, whereas the American subgroup, the American native ethnic group, and elderly patients were linked to significantly lower percentages of a second canal at the distal aspect of teeth. No significant differences were noted between male or female patients. CONCLUSIONS The overall worldwide prevalence rates of radix entomolaris and a second canal at the distal aspect of the mandibular first molar were 5.6% and 36.9%, respectively. The East Asia geographic region and Asian ethnic group had a higher prevalence of a second distal root.
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Olczak K, Pawlicka H, Szymański W. Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Odontology 2021; 110:365-375. [PMID: 34714481 PMCID: PMC8930800 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary first premolars in a Polish population using cone-beam computed tomography scanning (CBCT) and to compare the classifications by Vertucci and Ahmed et al. Images of 350 maxillary first premolars were analyzed. Scans were obtained from 226 patients: 131 women and 95 men. The root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci and a new system by Ahmed et al. In addition, the number of roots and the level where roots bifurcated were identified. The results were submitted to statistical analysis. Most maxillary first premolars had two roots (69.1%). Most bifurcations were located in the coronal part of the root (44.2%) and the least in the apical part (15.3%). Bifurcation in the coronal part of the root was observed more often in the teeth of men than women. In turn, bifurcation in the central or apical part was significantly more common in women than in men. The most common canal configuration of the maxillary first premolars was type IV (78.2%) according to Vertucci and 2FPB1P1 (65.4%) according to the new classification. Among the remaining cases, almost all types of canals described by Vertucci, and many combinations of codes given in the new classification were demonstrated. The maxillary first premolars displayed a wide range of root and canal anatomical variations. The new system for classifying canal morphology based on Ahmed et al. is more accurate than the Vertucci classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Olczak
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Halina Pawlicka
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Szymański
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Age Estimation Based on Pulp–Tooth Volume Ratio of Anterior Teeth in Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Images in a Selected Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between chronological age and pulp–tooth volume ratio in anterior teeth using cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images and provide equations for age estimation based on pulp–tooth volume ratio. In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 312 anterior teeth of the maxilla and mandible were examineαd. The chronological age and the sex of the patients were recorded. Tooth volume and pulp volume of the anterior teeth were measured using Mimics software, and then tooth–pulp volume ratio was calculated. Statistical analysis of data was performed using chi-square test, independent T-test, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression (α = 0.05). Finally, equations were made based on the results of the regression analysis for age estimation in general and for males and females. The age of the subjects ranged between 16 and 69 years (mean 40.6 ± 12.74). The pulp–tooth volume ratio of the maxillary teeth was generally higher than the mandibular teeth. A significant inverse relationship between age and pulp–tooth volume ratio was observed for all anterior teeth. (p < 0.05). The strongest correlation between age and pulp–tooth volume ratio was reported for mandibular central incisor (r = −0.58, p < 0.001) and the weakest was for mandibular lateral incisor (r = −0.36, p = 0.012). Age estimation was most accurate among females using the maxillary central incisors (p < 0.001) and among males using the mandibular central incisors and maxillary canines (p = 0.003). Pulp–tooth volume ratio of mandibular central incisors, maxillary lateral incisors, and maxillary canines in males and maxillary and mandibular central incisors, maxillary lateral incisors, and maxillary and mandibular canines in females can be used for age estimation.
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Papic M, Papic M, Zivanovic S, Vuletic M, Zdravkovic D, Misic A, Miletic Kovacevic M, Popovic M. The prevalence of oval-shaped root canals: A morphometric study using cone-beam computed tomography and image analysis software. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:158-169. [PMID: 34363716 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of oval-shaped root canals at the apical, medial and coronal cross sections of all tooth groups using CBCT and image analysis software. Based on the diameter values, the long/short diameter ratio was calculated and each root canal was classified regarding its shape. Oval-shaped canals were present in 45% at the apical, 50% at the medial and 56% at the coronal level of all teeth. The mandibular central incisors presented oval canals in 24%, long oval in 28% and flat in 2% at the apical level. Mandibular molars showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the distribution of oval-shaped canals between cross-sectional levels. Analysis of CBCT scans with an image analysis software could be a reliable and reproducible method and a valuable tool for objective determination of root canal shape in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Suzana Zivanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miona Vuletic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan Zdravkovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Misic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletic Kovacevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Popovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Wolf TG, Anderegg AL, Wierichs RJ, Campus G. Root canal morphology of the mandibular second premolar: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 34134669 PMCID: PMC8207603 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this paper was to systematically review the root canal configuration (RCC) and morphology literature of the mandibular second premolar (Mn2P). Methods Systematic research of five electronic databases was performed to identify published literature concerning the root canal configuration (RCC) of the Mn2P up through July 2020. Studies were selected according to predefined search terms and keywords inclusion criteria: “root canal configuration”, “root canal system”, “root canal morphology”, “mandibular second premolar”, “mandibular premolars”, “morphology” and “anatomy”. Further possible studies were identified by cross-referencing and screening the bibliographies of the selected articles. Results From 1622 retrieved studies, 44 studies investigating the internal morphology of 17,839 Mn2Ps were included. Most examined Mn2Ps were single-rooted (89.5–100%); two-rooted (0.1–8%) and three-rooted (0.1–3.5%) Mn2Ps at lower frequency. Most frequent RCCs reported were 1–1–1/1 (55.3–99.6%) followed by 1–1–2/2 (0.5–57%) and 2–2–2/2 (0.6–18%). The meta-analysis of seven studies demonstrated that a significantly higher number of RCC type 1–2–1/1 (OR [95%CI] = 2.05 [1.27, 3.33]) and 2–2–2/2 (OR [95%CI] = 2.32 [0.65, 8.63]) were observed in male than in female patients. Conclusions Different RCC research methods have been reported. Whereas clearing and radiographs were commonly used in the past, CBCT has been prevalent in recent years. A globally high frequency of a 1–1–1/1 RCC in the Mn2P has been reported. Nevertheless, the probability that different, more complicated RCCs can appear in Mn2Ps should not be underestimated and, thus, should be taken into consideration when making decisions during an endodontic treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01668-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - A L Anderegg
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R J Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,School of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Santos MC, Souza-Gabriel AE, Cruz-Filho AM, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva RG. Detection of the internal anatomy of lower anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:442-449. [PMID: 33650769 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Morphology study of root canal systems is essential for a correct diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of root canal treatment. This study aimed to analyse the dental anatomy of the lower anterior teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Lower anterior teeth were classified in terms of type, number and location of root canals, evaluating the bilaterality of anatomical occurrences and determining whether the gender and age influence the findings. We analysed 749 CBCT of patients attending the School of Dentistry for different reasons. Spearman's correlations and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to analyse data (α = 0.05). There was no significant correlation between gender (male and female) and anatomy of the canals 33 (P = 0.162), 32 (P = 0.815), 31 (P = 0.708), 41 (P = 0.422), 42 (P = 0.382) and 43 (P = 0.063). There was a significant correlation between age and anatomy of the canals 33 (P = 0.045), 32 (P = 0.033), 31 (P = 0.022), 41 (P = 0.000), 42 (P = 0.037) and 43 (P = 0.037). There was no significant correlation between gender and patients' age (P = 0.325). There was no anatomical difference between the bilateral pairs (right and left homologous teeth) (P > 0.05). The most common anatomical configuration was single-canal teeth (85.29%), followed by the configuration in which one canal leaves the chamber, divides into two and unite again (12.88%). Anatomy of the lateral incisors and lower canines does not change with the gender of patients. However, as age rises, single canals and the incidence of division into two canals ending in a single foramen also increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marice C Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline E Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Cruz-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Manoel D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Interpretation of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines in Saudi Subpopulation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5574512. [PMID: 33628245 PMCID: PMC7896851 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the root canal anatomy of permanent canines in a Saudi subpopulation utilizing CBCT. A total of 1328 CBCT images of maxillary (634) and mandibular (694) permanent canines were collected from Saudi patients who visited the College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh. The images were analyzed for root and canal numbers, canal configuration types, and symmetry between the bilateral canine teeth in each arch. Gender, age, and tooth position were recorded. The Kappa test was used for both inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test at a P value ≤ 0.05. There were no two-rooted teeth in maxillary canines, and 1.89% had two canals. Double roots and double canals in mandibular canines were found in 2.88% and 9.94% of the teeth, respectively. Type I canal configuration was more common in maxillary canines (97.94%) compared to mandibular canines (92.07%). Maxillary canines showed higher bilateral symmetries of root and canal numbers and canal configuration types (100%, 98.1%, and 97.9%, resp.) compared to mandibular canines (97.1%, 90.1%, and 92.1%, respectively). The majority of maxillary and mandibular canines had a single root with a single canal and type I canal configuration. Mandibular canines are characterized by having more than one root and canal and alterations in root canal configurations compared to maxillary canines.
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28
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Print and Try Technique: 3D-Printing of Teeth with Complex Anatomy a Novel Endodontic Approach. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the applicability of a novel Print and Try technique in the presence of aberrant endodontic anatomies and to achieve a predictable treatment with improved outcome. According to guidelines, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is recommended in the presence of complex anatomies. The volumes were utilized to produce a stereo lithographic (STL) file, from which a 3D-plastic tooth model including a hollow root canal system was obtained. The 3D-patient-specific model facilitates the treatment planning and the trial of therapeutic approaches. Using a transparent material, all the treatment steps could be directly visualized. Subsequently, endodontic therapy could be performed in vivo with reduced operating time and with a better overview. Clinicians benefit from the Print and Try technique when facing a complicated root canal system with reduced stress and higher chances of success. In aberrant endodontic anatomies, the use of a transparent 3D plastic model, derived from the CBCT dicom, provides an exact preview of clinical challenges that will be met intra-operatively. A patient centered tailored approach to shaping, cleaning, and filling strategies can be applied.
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Mehta V, Joshi P, Shetty R, Sarode G, Chakraborty D. Root anatomy and canal configuration of human permanent mandibular second molar: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:298-306. [PMID: 35282577 PMCID: PMC8896125 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_642_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to review the literature on root anatomy and canal configuration in permanent mandibular second molar based on Vertucci classification. Online electronic databases such as PubMed-Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched using appropriate keywords from the earliest available date till 10th February 2021 restriction on language. Additional sources such as Google Scholar, major journals, unpublished studies, conference proceedings, and cross-references were explored. Information curated for data extraction included methodology, population, sample size (number of teeth), number of root canals, and type of root canal configuration (RCC). Thirty-seven articles were selected with a total of 12,393 permanent mandibular second molar teeth. In the mesial root, Type IV canal configuration with 37.3% was more frequent, having two canals with 70.4%. In the distal roots, one canal was more prevalent with 77% occurrence, and Type I canal configuration was more frequent with 85.2%. Comprehensive knowledge of tooth anatomy and root canal morphology is crucial to root canal treatment. Therefore, an understanding of the canal configuration and anatomy is necessary for the dentist to enhance successful endodontic treatment. Our systematic review findings reveal a wide variety of possible canal configurations among permanent mandibular second molar, while the number of canals ranged from 1 to 5 in number. The evidence is intended to help dental practitioners to avoid mishaps such as perforation and missing canals and anticipation of potential complications during treatment.
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30
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A New Device to Test the Bending Resistance of Mechanical Endodontic Instruments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10207215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to propose a new machine for testing the bending behavior of an instrument at multiple specific points along the cutting surface and to compare the influence of proprietary heat treatment on the bending ability of EdgeTaper (ET), Protaper Universal (PTU), EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP), and Protaper Gold (PTG). A total of 320 instruments were examined in the present study: 80 ET, 80 PTU, 80 ETP, and 80 PTG. The bending ability of all instruments was tested at a 45° angle and on three different portions of the instrument at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the tip using a customized device. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among each single instrument of the series and between ET and PTU as well as ETP and PTG. The bending behavior of a nickel–titanium rotary instrument is its ability to bend without any plastic deformation. This feature, according to the results of the present study, is variable along the cutting surface; therefore, it should be evaluated. Due to the present testing device, it would be possible to obtain reliable and trustworthy information about an instrument’s bending ability.
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Martins JN, Marques D, Leal Silva EJN, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Influence of Demographic Factors on the Prevalence of a Second Root Canal in Mandibular Anterior Teeth – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Martins JN, Kishen A, Marques D, Nogueira Leal Silva EJ, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment. J Endod 2020; 46:915-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ren HY, Zhao YS, Yoo YJ, Zhang XW, Fang H, Wang F, Perinpanayagam H, Kum KY, Gu Y. Mandibular molar C-shaped root canals in 5th millennium BC China. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104773. [PMID: 32512259 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence and variations in C-shaped canals in ancient Chinese teeth and compare the differences of these features between ancient and age-matched modern populations. DESIGN Approximately 5000-year-old craniofacial bone remains were collected from the fossils of 38 individuals (total: 68 mandibular second molars) excavated from the Jiaojia site. The control group comprised of an equal number of randomly selected modern samples. We used cone-beam computed tomography to scan the mandible along the apex-crown axis and analyzed the canal morphology, based on Fan's categorization criterion, at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm to the apical level. Grooves on the lingual and buccal sides were also recorded. RESULTS The proportion of C-shaped roots among ancient samples on the left and right sides were 48.57 % (17/35 teeth) and 54.55 % (18/33 teeth), respectively, and 51.47 % (35/68 teeth) in the total sample. Conversely, in the control group, 44.12 % (15/34) and 38.24 % (13/34) occurred on the left and right sides, respectively, and 41.18 % (28/68) in the total sample. Among the C-shaped canals from the Jiaojia site samples, the classification type changed between two adjacent levels in 84.31 % of samples. Approximately 35 (51.5 %) teeth had a fused root, 20 (29.41 %) had one shallow buccal and one deep lingual groove. The occurrence of C-shape variation was not significantly correlated with time (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study identified a high rate of C-shaped root canals among individuals of Jiaojia who lived approximately 5000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Ren
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Institute of Cultural and Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Wen Zhang
- School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hui Fang
- School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Mesiobuccal Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Molars in a Brazilian Sub-Population - A Micro-CT Study. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:105-111. [PMID: 32766519 PMCID: PMC7398983 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.29291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the root canal system morphology of maxillary first molar mesiobuccal (MB) roots in a Brazilian sub-population using micro-computed tomography. Methods: Ninety-six MB roots were scanned with a micro-CT (Skyscan 1173, Bruker). Three-dimensional images were analyzed regarding the number of pulp chamber orifices, the number and classification of the canals, the presence of accessory canals in different thirds of the root as well as the number and type of apical foramina. Results: A single entrance orifice was found in 53.0% of the samples, two in 43.9% and only 3.1% had three orifices. The second mesiobuccal root canal (MB2) was present at some portion of the root in 87.5% of the specimens. A single apical foramen was present in 16.7%, two in 22.9%, and three or more foramina in 60.4% of the roots. Only 55.3% and 76.1% of the root canals could be arranged by Weine’s and Vertucci’s classifications, respectively. Conclusion: The number of orifices at the pulp chamber level could not work as a predictor of the MB2 presence. The most prevalent canal configuration was Weine type IV / Vertucci type V. The anatomical complexity of the MB root could not be entirely classified by the current most accepted classifications.
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35
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Nagahara T, Takeda K, Wada K, Shirawachi S, Iwata T, Kurihara H, Shiba H. A mandibular second molar with a middle mesial root canal. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:1015-1020. [PMID: 32577255 PMCID: PMC7303868 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case report describes the clinical detection and root canal management of a rare middle mesial canal of a Japanese mandibular second molar by troughing preparation using an operating microscope and cone-beam computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Biological EndodonticsGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | | | - Satomi Shirawachi
- Department of Biological EndodonticsGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological EndodonticsGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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36
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Martins JN, Marques D, Silva EJNL, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary molars—A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies using cone beam computed tomography. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 113:104589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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37
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Solomonov M, Kim HC, Hadad A, Levy DH, Ben Itzhak J, Levinson O, Azizi H. Age-dependent root canal instrumentation techniques: a comprehensive narrative review. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e21. [PMID: 32483538 PMCID: PMC7239687 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to review age-dependent clinical recommendations for appropriate root canal instrumentation techniques. A comprehensive narrative review of canal morphology, the structural characteristics of dentin, and endodontic outcomes at different ages was undertaken instead of a systematic review. An electronic literature search was carried out, including the Medline (Ovid), PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The searches used controlled vocabulary and free-text terms, as follows: 'age-related root canal treatment,' 'age-related instrumentation,' 'age-related chemo-mechanical preparation,' 'age-related endodontic clinical recommendations,' 'root canal instrumentation at different ages,' 'geriatric root canal treatment,' and 'pediatric root canal treatment.' Due to the lack of literature with practical age-based clinical recommendations for an appropriate root canal instrumentation technique, a narrative review was conducted to suggest a clinical algorithm for choosing the most appropriate instrumentation technique during root canal treatment. Based on the evidence found through the narrative review, an age-related clinical algorithm for choosing appropriate instrumentation during root canal treatment was proposed. Age affects the morphology of the root canal system and the structural characteristics of dentin. The clinician's awareness of root canal morphology and dentin characteristics can influence the choice of instruments for root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Solomonov
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Avi Hadad
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dan Henry Levy
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Joe Ben Itzhak
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Hadas Azizi
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Zhou G, Leng D, Li M, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Sun C, Wu D. Root dentine thickness of danger zone in mesial roots of mandibular first molars. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:43. [PMID: 32028960 PMCID: PMC7006201 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better understanding of the danger zone anatomy in mesial roots (MRs) of mandibular first molars (MFMs) may serve to decrease the risk of mishaps. This study aimed to measure the minimal distal dentine thicknesses of danger zone in MRs of MFMs in a native Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS CBCT images of 1792 MFMs from 898 Chinese patients were analyzed. The minimal distal dentine thicknesses of the mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals below the furcation 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm were measured. The association between the minimal distal dentine thicknesses and the root lengths, patient's age and gender, side were assessed. RESULTS The minimal distal dentine thicknesses of MB and ML canals are located 3 ∼ 4 mm below the furcation for both men and women. There are no differences between MB and ML canals, while the minimal distal dentine thicknesses of MB and ML canals were higher in men than women (P < 0.05), except at 1 and 3 mm of ML canals (P > 0.05). The minimal distal dentine thicknesses of MB and ML canals increased with age in both men and women at each location (P < 0.05). The minimum distal dentine thickness at every location were significantly different between long teeth and short teeth both in men and women (P < 0.05), with short teeth having the smallest mean values. There are no significant differences between two sides (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The minimal distal dentine thicknesses of MRs in MSMs have close correlation with root length, patient's age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Diya Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuifeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Daming Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Jang YE, Kim Y, Kim B, Kim SY, Kim HJ. Frequency of non-single canals in mandibular premolars and correlations with other anatomical variants: an in vivo cone beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:272. [PMID: 31801495 PMCID: PMC6894311 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A knowledge regarding anatomical variants is important to achieve success in endodontic treatment. Root canal treatment of mandibular first premolars (PM1 s) is challenging due to the existence of numerous variations in canal configurations, including a C-shaped variant. We aim to determine the frequency and morphologic characteristics of non-single canals of mandibular first (PM1 s) and second (PM2 s) premolars in a Korean population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate correlations between non-single canals of PM1 s and other anatomical variants, such as distolingual roots (DLRs) in mandibular first molars (M1 s) and C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars (M2 s). Methods A total of 971 PM1 s and 997 PM2 s from 500 patients were examined in vivo by CBCT. Root canal configurations and C-shaped canals were determined in accordance with the Vertucci classification and Fan classification, respectively. The correlation between non-single canals in PM1 s and DLRs in M1 s was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results PM2 s typically had one root (99.89%) with one canal (98.4%). Among PM1 s with non-single canals (21.2%), Vertucci type V (10.9%) and C-shaped (3.7%) canals were prevalent. Among C-shaped PM1 canals, the majority were Vertucci type V (77.8%); a C-shaped configuration (C2) was predominant mostly at the middle and/or apical third of the root. After adjusting for other variables (i.e., sex, age, and side), C-shaped canals in PM1 s was significantly correlated with the presence of DLRs in M1 s (odds ratio = 2.616; 95% confidence interval, 1.257–5.443; p = 0.010). Conclusions The presence of C-shaped PM1 canals was positively related to the presence of DLRs in M1 s. Although C-shaped canals in PM1 s are difficult to distinguish, this finding could aid clinicians in predicting C-shaped canal configurations in PM1 s of patients who exhibit DLRs in M1 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, South Korea
| | - Yemi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, South Korea.
| | - BomSahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sin-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jong Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, South Korea
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Complicated Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors is Associated with the Presence of a Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Permanent Maxillary First Molars. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted in order to define the root canal morphology based on age, gender, ethnic and racial characteristics of the population. However, relations within morphological variations of certain groups of teeth have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular lateral incisors and to determine the association between their morphologic characteristics and the presence of a second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars. Cone-beam computed tomography images from a pre-existing base were analyzed for the bilateral presence of both permanent mandibular lateral incisors and permanent maxillary first molars. Root canal morphology was analyzed according to the Vertucci classification. Associations of root canal morphologies between incisors and molars were calculated as probabilities using binary logistic regression analysis. In total, 126 mandibular lateral incisors and 126 maxillary first molars were included. 46% of all mandibular lateral incisors showed complicated root canal morphology and Vertucci type III canal configuration as the most frequent. Second mesiobuccal root canal was present in 62.7%. Root canal morphologies showed high level of bilateral symmetry in both tooth groups. The probability of a subject having complicated root canal morphology in lateral incisors was significantly higher when the second mesiobuccal canal was present. Clinicians should consider all available information on patients’ root canal morphology when planning new endodontic treatment. Root canal morphology of permanent mandibular lateral incisors showed high association with the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars.
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Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary First Premolar by Microscopic Computed Tomography in a Chinese Adolescent Subpopulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4327046. [PMID: 31828103 PMCID: PMC6881762 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4327046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the root morphology and root canal anatomy of maxillary first premolar using microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods 324 maxillary first premolars were collected and scanned. The root and canal diameter, canal wall thickness, root taper, and cross-sectional shapes were determined in the single root with 1 canal (SR1C), single root with 2 canals (SR2C), and 2 roots with 2 canals (2R2C) by micro-CT. Results The results showed that single-rooted maxillary premolars were more common than other types. The incidence of SR1C, SR2C, and 2R2C reached 25%, 26.39%, and 26.39%, respectively. Root and canal diameters and canal wall thickness were decreased from coronal third to apical foramen. The three parameters and canal taper showed increases from buccal and palatal (BP) to mesiodistal (MD) aspects. The root canal tapers were smallest of the middle third level. The findings showed the different variations in 2R2C teeth. The root canal cross-sectional morphology in maxillary first premolars is complicated, including round, oval, long oval, flat canal, and irregular canal shapes. The distribution varied in different aspects. Conclusion Root canal morphology showed a wide variation and complicated structure. The single-rooted teeth were more common in the Chinese adolescent population, and the majority of maxillary first premolars have two canals.
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Root and root canal diversity in human permanent maxillary first premolars and upper/lower first molars from a 14th-17th and 18th-19th century Radom population. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104603. [PMID: 31835191 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether analyzed groups from two historical periods: Late Medieval (LMP), and Modern (MP) from Radom varied in the number of tooth roots and root canal system morphology. METHODS Root morphology of 229 permanent human teeth were analyzed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Additionally, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 29 individuals from the LMP and 31 from the MP was analyzed. RESULTS In LMP, the maxillary first premolars were dominated by one root, while in MP second and third roots also appeared. Maxillary first molars in LMP presented three roots, while two-rooted forms occurred in MP. All mandibular first molars from the LMP and almost all (98%) from MP presented two roots. The greatest diversity in terms of root canal number occurred in one-rooted maxillary first premolars, the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molars, and the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular first molars in both groups. A few haplogroups from outside Europe (C, N, and R) were recorded in the MP Radom population. Moreover, this population had substantially higher haplogroup diversity compared with the LMP population. CONCLUSION Odontological research indicates an increase in the diversity in the number of roots and the shape of root canals in MP. This information corresponds to genetic research, which also indicates an increase in the diversity of haplogroups during the MP.
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Martins JNR, Marques D, Silva EJNL, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Prevalence of C‐shaped canal morphology using cone beam computed tomography – a systematic review with meta‐analysis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1556-1572. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. N. R. Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa
- Instituto de Implantologia LisboaPortugal
| | - D. Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa
- Instituto de Implantologia LisboaPortugal
- LIBPhys‐FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013 Lisboa Portugal
| | - E. J. N. L. Silva
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry Grande Rio University Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - J. Caramês
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa
- Instituto de Implantologia LisboaPortugal
- LIBPhys‐FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013 Lisboa Portugal
| | - A. Mata
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa
- LIBPhys‐FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013 Lisboa Portugal
| | - M. A. Versiani
- Dental Specialty Center Brazilian Military Police Minas Gerais Brazil
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Prevalence Studies on Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Imaging: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2019; 45:372-386.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Corbella S, Baruffaldi M, Perondi I, Taschieri S. Cone-beam computed tomography investigation of the anatomy of permanent mandibular premolars in a cohort of Caucasians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:e12373. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corbella
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milan Italy
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Surgery, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - Martino Baruffaldi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milan Italy
| | - Isabella Perondi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milan Italy
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milan Italy
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Surgery, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
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Martins JN, Alkhawas MBA, Altaki Z, Bellardini G, Berti L, Boveda C, Chaniotis A, Flynn D, Gonzalez JA, Kottoor J, Marques MS, Monroe A, Ounsi HF, Parashos P, Plotino G, Ragnarsson MF, Aguilar RR, Santiago F, Seedat HC, Vargas W, von Zuben M, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Ginjeira A. Worldwide Analyses of Maxillary First Molar Second Mesiobuccal Prevalence: A Multicenter Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Endod 2018; 44:1641-1649.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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