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Xie L, Yu ZQ, Zhang R, Zhang ZP, Zhang Y, Jin MY, Ju Y, Zhao XH, Guo JP. Phloridzin prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 984:177032. [PMID: 39368601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Persistent inflammatory stimuli drive the progression of myocardial fibrosis and impaired cardiac function. Phloridzin (Phl), a natural compound, demonstrates both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, its therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms in DCM remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which Phl inhibited myocardial fibrosis and exerted its antioxidative effects. The impact of Phl on DCM was evaluated using a high-fat/high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin to induce an animal model and an in vitro H9C2 cell model stimulated by high glucose (HG). Untargeted metabolomics identified potential mechanisms underlying myocardial fibrosis. Phl treatment significantly enhanced left ventricular ejection fraction (EF%) and shortening fraction (FS%), while reducing myocardial injury markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase-MB, and suppressing myocardial collagen fiber accumulation. Simultaneously, Phl attenuated myocardial inflammation via inhibition of MyD88/NF-κB signaling, modulated the Nrf2/GPX4 axis to counter oxidative stress, and mitigated ferroptosis. In vitro, Phl inhibited high glucose-induced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in H9C2 cells, while also repressing NF-κB activation in cardiomyocytes. Metabolomic profiling revealed that Phl ameliorated DCM through modulation of glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways, linking these metabolic shifts to enhanced antioxidant capacity, thereby reflecting its ability to reduce oxidative stress in the myocardium. Collectively, Phl provides cardioprotective effects by alleviating inflammation and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Chang Chun, China
| | - Zi-Qing Yu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Chang Chun, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Chang Chun, China
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Chang Chun, China
| | - Mei-Ying Jin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Chang Chun, China
| | - Yuan Ju
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Chang Chun, China
| | - Xin-Hao Zhao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Jun-Peng Guo
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Chang Chun, China.
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2
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Wang Q, Tripodi N, Valiukas Z, Bell SM, Majid A, de Courten B, Apostolopoulos V, Feehan J. The protective role of carnosine against type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3819-3833. [PMID: 38873448 PMCID: PMC11167184 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have grown exponentially over the last 30 years. Together with its associated complications, the mortality rates have increased. One important complication in those living with T2DM is the acceleration of age-related cognitive decline. T2DM-induced cognitive impairment seriously affects memory, executive function, and quality of life. However, there is a lack of effective treatment for both diabetes and cognitive decline. Thus, finding novel treatments which are cheap, effective in both diabetes and cognitive impairment, are easily accessible, are needed to reduce impact on patients with diabetes and health-care systems. Carnosine, a histidine containing dipeptide, plays a protective role in cognitive diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-glycation properties, all of which may slow the development of neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic injury. Furthermore, carnosine is also involved in regulating glucose and insulin in diabetes. Herein, we discuss the neuroprotective role of carnosine and its mechanisms in T2DM-induced cognitive impairment, which may provide a theoretical basis and evidence base to evaluate whether carnosine has therapeutic effects in alleviating cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Nicholas Tripodi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Zachary Valiukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Simon M. Bell
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Barbora de Courten
- STEM college, RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Immunology Program, Western HealthThe University of Melbourne and Victoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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Grandini NA, Costa MR, Gregolin CS, Siqueira JS, Vieira TA, Togneri Ferron AJ, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Romualdo GR, Lúcia Dos Anjos Ferreira A, Aldini G, Corrêa CR, Moreto F. Effects of carnosine supplementation on markers for the pathophysiological development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a diet-induced model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 582:112138. [PMID: 38147954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of diets high in sugar and fat is related to the development of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action and has been studied for treating diseases. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of CAR on diet-induced MASLD in rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed into 2 groups (17 weeks): normocaloric (Co, n = 12), and hypercaloric diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates (MASLD, n = 12). After, the animals were redistributed to begin the treatment with CAR (4 weeks): Co (n = 6), Co + CAR (n = 6), MASLD (n = 6), and MASLD + CAR (n = 6), administered intraperitoneally (250 mg/kg). Evaluations included nutritional, hormonal and metabolic parameters; hepatic steatosis, inflammatory and oxidative markers. MASLD group had a higher adiposity index, systolic blood pressure, glucose, plasma and liver triglycerides and cholesterol, insulin, hepatic steatosis, oxidative markers, and lower PPAR-α (Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptor α), compared to the Co. CAR attenuated plasma and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels, hepatic steatosis, CD68+ macrophages, and hepatic oxidative markers, in addition to increasing HDL cholesterol levels and PPAR-α, compared to the untreated MASLD group. CAR acts in importants pathophysiological processes of MASLD and may be a therapeutic compound to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fernando Moreto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, 18618687, Botucatu, Brazil
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4
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Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Alghamdi AM, Zeyadi M, Sheikh RA, Gupta G, Sayyed N. Influence of rosiridin on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rodents through endogenous antioxidants-inflammatory cytokines pathway and molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37982302 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2282738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The research was undertaken to assess the antidiabetic activity of rosiridin in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was elicited chemically in experimental animals using STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Experimental rats were arbitrarily allocated to normal control, rosiridin perse, diabetic control, and STZ + rosiridin groups. After the confirmation of diabetes, rosiridin (10 mg/kg) was given orally to the experimental animals for 30 days. Various anti-diabetic (blood glucose, insulin), hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory (Nuclear factor kappa B, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin beta (IL-1β), and IL-6), antioxidant (and malondialdehyde level, hepatic function and others markers (ALT, AST, adiponectin, and FNDC5) and histopathological indices of injury were evaluated. In addition, the rosinidin was docked into the active site of NF-Kβ (1SVC), FNDC5 (4LSD) and adiponectin (5LXG) proteins with AutoDock tools. MD simulations were carried out for the complexes of rosiridin with NF-Kβ, myokine and human adiponectin receptor 1. Rosiridin treatment restored the biochemical parameters and preserved the histopathological building of the pancreas as compared to the diabetic rats. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas confirmed that rosiridin antidiabetic efficacy in the STZ-induced diabetes mellitus model. The 5LXG_rosinidin showed favourable affinity with the best binding energies at -7.534 kcal/mol. MD simulations were carried out for the complexes of rosiridin with NF-Kβ, myokine and human adiponectin receptor 1, the complex of myokine and rosiridin exhibited the most stable complex. Rosiridin may exhibit considerable anti-diabetic activity in the STZ-induced diabetes mellitus model.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan A Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Center for Global Health research (CGHR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
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Demir M, Altinoz E, Koca O, Elbe H, Onal MO, Bicer Y, Karayakali M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of crocin on the doxorubicin mediated hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102182. [PMID: 37523948 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DXR) is widely used in cancer treatment. However, it has not yet been possible to prevent the side effects of DXR. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of crocin against DXR used in cancer treatment. For this reason; forty Wistar rats (male-250-300 g) were allocated into four groups (n = 10/group): Control, Crocin, DXR and DXR+Crocin. Control and Crocin groups were administered saline and crocin (40 mg/kg, i.p) for 15 days, respectively. DXR group, cumulative dose 12 mg/kg DXR, was administered for 12 days via 48 h intervals in six injections (2 mg/kg each, i.p). DXR+Crocin group, crocin (40 mg/kg-i.p) was administered for 15 days, and DXR was given as in the DXR group. The results revealed that serum liver markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly after DXR administration but recovered after crocin therapy. In addition, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) increased after DXR application and the antioxidative defense system (GSH, SOD, CAT) significantly decreased and re-achieved by crocin treatment. Our results conclude that crocin treatment was related to ameliorated hepatocellular architecture and reduced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with DXR-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | - E Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - O Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - H Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - M O Onal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Y Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - M Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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Acacetin attenuates the pancreatic and hepatorenal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. J Nat Med 2023; 77:446-454. [PMID: 36892720 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin is a natural flavonoid compound with multiple therapeutic potential in oxidative stress, inflammation, cancers, cardiovascular disease and infections. The present study aimed to detect the effect of acacetin on pancreatic and hepatorenal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were induced by high-fat diet (HFD) followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 45 mg/kg. Different doses of acacetin were orally administrated once a day for 8 weeks after the diabetic model was successfully established. The experimental results revealed that acacetin and acarbose displayed obvious attenuation in the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipids compared to the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, the physiological function of liver and kidney was impaired in the persistent environment of hyperglycemia, while acacetin improved the damage of liver and kidney. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining indicated that acacetin alleviated the pathological alterations of the pancreas, liver and kidney tissues. Besides, the increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were recused by acacetin treatment, while the reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were suppressed by acacetin treatment. In conclusion, the experimental results demonstrated that acacetin improved the lipids and glucose levels, and hepatorenal antioxidant capacity, as well as ameliorated hepatorenal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats, and the potential mechanism might be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Wu X, Chen S, Yan Q, Yu F, Shao H, Zheng X, Zhang X. Gpr35 shapes gut microbial ecology to modulate hepatic steatosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106690. [PMID: 36758734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is closely shaped by host genetic and dietary factors to regulate metabolic health and disease. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying such interactions have been largely unclear. Here we identify G protein-coupled receptor 35 (Gpr35) as a regulator of gut microbial ecology and the susceptibility to obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice. Both global and intestinal epithelia specific ablation of Gpr35 aggravated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disturbance and hepatic steatosis in mice. Gpr35 deficiency induced a remarkable loss of goblet cells and an extensive remodeling of the gut microbiome, featuring enrichment of the Bacteroides and Ruminococcus genera. Antibiotics treatment and co-housing alleviated the metabolic disturbance markers in Gpr35 deficient mice. Spatiotemporal profiling and mono-colonization screening revealed that Ruminococcus gnavus synergized with HFD to promote hepatic steatosis possibly via tryptophan and phenylalanine pathway metabolites. Our results provide mechanistic insights into a genetic-diet-microbe interplay that dictates susceptibility to metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuobing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Karayakali M, Altinoz E, Elbe H, Koca O, Onal MO, Bicer Y, Demir M. Crocin treatment exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in liver tissue damage of pinealectomized diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47670-47684. [PMID: 36746856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The liver plays a vital role in glycemic regulation in physiological and pathological conditions such as DM. Free radical formation and inhibition of antioxidant defense systems play a role in the liver damage pathogenesis in diabetic patients The antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and radical scavenging properties of crocin are known. This study was designed to determine the possible protective effects of crocin against liver tissue damage in pinealectomized diabetic rats. Sixty rats were divided into six groups: Control, Sham+streptozotocin (STZ), Pinealectomy (PINX), PINX+STZ, PINX+Crocin, and PINX+STZ+Crocin. PNX procedure was carried out on the first day of the experiment. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 50 mg/kg STZ was performed on the 30th day of the experiment to induce DM. Crocin (50 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied for 15 days after the pinealectomy procedure and induction of DM. Crocin decreased the markers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) of liver damage and increased antioxidant enzyme levels and tissue total antioxidant status. Histological results showed that the administration of crocin exhibited a protective effect against liver damage caused by STZ. These results indicate that crocin evidence protection against liver injury caused by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Melike Ozgul Onal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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Neuroprotective Efficacy of Europinidin in Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Impairment by Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Mediators, and Cholinesterase Activity in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5248127. [PMID: 36760351 PMCID: PMC9904885 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5248127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Materials and Methods Oral acute toxicity studies were performed to evaluate the toxicological effects of europinidin in animals. In this study, four different animal groups (n = 6) were used. Group I was the normal control, group II was the STZ-induced diabetes control, group III was STZ + europinidin-treated (10 mg/kg), and group IV was STZ + europinidin-treated (10 mg/kg). The efficacy of europinidin at a dose of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg was studied with single-dose administration of streptozotocin, which experimentally induced memory impairments in Wistar male rats for 38 days. The mean body weight and blood glucose levels were recorded at the initial and end of the study. The two behavioural paradigms (Y-maze and Morris water maze) were performed to evaluate spatial and working memory in rats. The biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, malonaldehyde, catalase, and nitric oxide level as hallmarks of oxidative stress were measured. Additionally, the proinflammatory parameters were also determined to evaluate the neuroinflammatory responses associated with streptozotocin such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ƙB), interleukin (IL-10), and nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the perfused brain. Results The rats in the europinidin-treated group exhibited a significant restoration of body weight and blood glucose level as compared with the streptozotocin control group. Furthermore, europinidin significantly modulated the spatial and working memory in rats, when assessed through behavioural paradigms. Streptozotocin caused a significant alteration in biochemical, neuronal enzymatic, and neuroinflammatory parameters, which were significantly restored to normal levels by europinidin. Conclusion The present study attributed the neuroprotective efficacy of europinidin in experimental animal models by subsiding the several biomarkers of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal enzymatic activities.
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Dipeptide Extract Modulates the Oxi-Antioxidant Response to Intense Physical Exercise. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122402. [PMID: 35745133 PMCID: PMC9228507 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to intense physical exercise increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. The process can be modulated by dipeptide bioavailability with antioxidant scavenger properties. The effects of dipeptide intake in combination with physical exercise on the oxi-antioxidant response were examined in a randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Blood samples were collected from 20 males aged 21.2 ± 1.8 years before and after 14-day intake of chicken breast extract (4 g/day), which is a good source of bioactive dipeptides. A significant increase in the NO/H2O2 ratio was observed in the 1st and 30th minute after intense incremental exercise in dipeptides compared to the placebo group. Total antioxidant and thiol redox status were significantly higher in the dipeptide group both before and after exercise; η2 ≥ 0.64 showed a large effect of dipeptides on antioxidant and glutathione status. The level of 8-isoprostanes, markers of oxidative damage, did not change under the influence of dipeptides. By contrast, reduced C-reactive protein levels were found during the post-exercise period in the dipeptide group, which indicates the anti-inflammatory properties of dipeptides. High pre-exercise dipeptide intake enhances antioxidant status and thus reduces the oxi-inflammatory response to intense exercise. Therefore, the application of dipeptides seems to have favourable potential for modulating oxidative stress and inflammation in physically active individuals following a strenuous exercise schedule.
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An attempt to valorize the only black meat chicken breed of India by delineating superior functional attributes of its meat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3555. [PMID: 35241766 PMCID: PMC8894494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kadaknath, the only black chicken indigenous to India, faces the threat of extinction due to declining numbers. Its meat is used in tribal medicine for invigorating and health-promoting properties. Expectations of immune-boosting and therapeutic properties in its meat are creating a buzz these days. Thus, Kadaknath meat was explored and further compared with the commercial Cobb 400 broiler (Cobb) for the functional traits that might be contributing towards proclaimed pharmacological benefits. Birds (n = 20/ group) were raised under similar management conditions and the two primal chicken meat cuts (breast and thigh) were collected at the marketing age. Kadaknath meat was found to be an enriched source of functional biomolecules (carnosine, anserine, creatine). Its breast meat carnosine content was more than double of the Cobb broiler, 6.10 ± 0.13 and 2.73 ± 0.1 mg/ g of wet tissue, respectively. Similarly, the thigh meat of Kadaknath was a significantly (P < 0.05) richer source of carnosine. The genetic background was a key determinant for muscle carnosine content as a significant abundance of CARNS1 and SLC36A1 expression was identified in the Kadaknath breast. The superior functional property of Kadaknath meat was established by the antioxidant capacity established by the Oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay and a stronger ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The identification of fairly unknown nutritional and functional advantages of Kadaknath meat could potentially change the paradigm with its meat consumption. It will help in developing a brand name for Kadaknath products that will propel an increase in its market share and ultimately conservation of this unique but endangered poultry germplasm.
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Wang C, Chen J, Wang P, Qing S, Li W, Lu J. Endogenous Protective Factors and Potential Therapeutic Agents for Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:821028. [PMID: 35557850 PMCID: PMC9086429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.821028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complications of macrovascular atherosclerosis are the leading cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes. It is generally believed that the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications is initiated by the imbalance between injury and endogenous protective factors. Multiple endogenous protective factors secreted by endothelium, liver, skeletal muscle and other tissues are recognized of their importance in combating injury factors and maintaining the homeostasis of vasculatures in diabetes. Among them, glucagon-like peptide-1 based drugs were clinically proven to be effective and recommended as the first-line medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with high risks or established arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some molecules such as irisin and lipoxins have recently been perceived as new protective factors on diabetic atherosclerosis, while the protective role of HDL has been reinterpreted since the failure of several clinical trials to raise HDL therapy on cardiovascular events. The current review aims to summarize systemic endogenous protective factors for diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and discuss their mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategy or their analogues. In particular, we focus on the existing barriers or obstacles that need to be overcome in developing new therapeutic approaches for macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengli Qing
- Department of Pharmacology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Lu, ; Wenwen Li,
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Lu, ; Wenwen Li,
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13
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Jamal Gilani S, Nasser Bin-Jumah M, Al-Abbasi FA, Shahid Nadeem M, Afzal M, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Fustin ameliorates hyperglycemia in streptozotocin induced type-2 diabetes via modulating glutathione/Superoxide dismutase/Catalase expressions, suppress lipid peroxidation and regulates histopathological changes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6963-6971. [PMID: 34866996 PMCID: PMC8626260 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg, i.p.-induced diabetes in rat’s results into hyperglycemia, impaired oxidative stress, lipid profile, insulin levels and changes in body weight. Treatment with antihyperglycemics and antioxidants are accounted to produce favorable effect in this paradigm. Fustin, a flavonoid derived from Rhus verniciflua, extract of Rhus verniciflua reported to exhibit anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-arthritic effects, anti-obesity effects, antiplatelet effects and anti-cancer effects. However, no evidence is existing on effect of fustin on STZ-induction diabetes. Thus, we evaluated its effects against diabetes in STZ-induced rodents. Blood glucose, Insulin, lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid profile levels was assessed. After 30 days diabetes induction rodents showed a severe increased blood sugar level, MDA, high density lipid and decreased cholestrol, triglyceride, GSH, SOD, CAT, respectively. Oppositely, treatment with fustin (50–100 mg/kg/p.o., two times daily, 30 days) enhanced blood glucose, lipid profile levels Insulin. Meanwhile, reduced MDA and enhanced GSH, SOD, and CAT in diabetic rats. Glibenclamide 5 mg/kg/p.o. also enhanced diabetes-induced complications and decreased oxidative stress. Further histopathology of pancreas confirms the protective effect fustin in STZ-induction diabetes in animals. In conclusion, the study revealed treatments with fustin avoid the changes in body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile and oxidative stress. As a results of these finding may lead to the growth of a choice of medicine for hyperglycemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- Clinical Research Department, Meril Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Matthews JJ, Dolan E, Swinton PA, Santos L, Artioli GG, Turner MD, Elliott-Sale KJ, Sale C. Effect of Carnosine or β-Alanine Supplementation on Markers of Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Humans and Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2216-2231. [PMID: 34333586 PMCID: PMC8634390 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that supplementation with carnosine, or its rate-limiting precursor β-alanine, can ameliorate aspects of metabolic dysregulation that occur in diabetes and its related conditions. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of carnosine or β-alanine supplementation on markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance in humans and animals. We performed a systematic search of 6 electronic databases up to 31 December 2020. Primary outcomes were changes in 1) fasting glucose, 2) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 3) 2-h glucose following a glucose-tolerance test. A set of additional outcomes included fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) 2.0 (human studies) and the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB (animal studies) tools; and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess certainty. We used Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models, with informative priors for human data and noninformative priors for animal data. Inferences were made on posterior samples generated by Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo using 90% credible intervals (90% CrI) and calculated probabilities. Twenty studies (n = 4 human, n = 16 rodent) were included, providing data for 2 primary outcomes (fasting glucose and HbA1c) and 3 additional outcomes (fasting insulin, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR). The model provides evidence that supplementation decreases fasting glucose [humans: mean difference (MD)0.5 = -0.95 mmol · L-1 (90% CrI: -2.1, 0.08); rodent: MD0.5 = -2.26 mmol · L-1 (90% CrI: -4.03, -0.44)], HbA1c [humans: MD0.5 = -0.91% (90% CrI: -1.46, -0.39); rodents: MD0.5 = -1.05% (90% CrI: -1.64, -0.52)], HOMA-IR [humans: standardized mean difference (SMD)0.5 = -0.41 (90% CrI: -0.82, -0.07); rodents: SMD0.5 = -0.63 (90% CrI: -1.98, 0.65)], and fasting insulin [humans: SMD0.5 = -0.41 (90% CrI: -0.77, -0.07)]. GRADE assessment showed our certainty in the effect estimate of each outcome to be moderate (human outcomes) or very low (rodent outcomes). Supplementation with carnosine or β-alanine may reduce fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in humans and rodents, and fasting insulin in humans; both compounds show potential as therapeutics to improve glycemic control and insulin resistance. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020191588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Matthews
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport and Exercise, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lívia Santos
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme G Artioli
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases, and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Sale
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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15
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Gilani S, Bin-Jumah MN, Al-Abbasi FA, Nadeem MS, Afzal M, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Fustin Ameliorates Elevated Levels of Leptin, Adiponectin, Serum TNF-α, and Intracellular Oxidative Free Radicals in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26098-26107. [PMID: 34660970 PMCID: PMC8515611 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fustin is a prominent ingredient of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (Anacardiaceae) and has a wide range of pharmacological and clinical effects. The present study attempted to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of fustin in streptozotocin- and high-fat diet-induced diabetes in rats. The efficacy of fustin 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg/day p.o. was studied in 60% of total calories from fat as a high-fat diet along with single-dose administration streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) experimentally induced diabetes in rats for 42 days. The mean body weight; blood glucose; and biochemical parameters such as lipid profile, total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), insulin, leptin levels, adiponectin levels, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity in serum were measured. The rats' weight was maintained in the fustin groups compared to the diabetic control group. Diabetes caused a significant increase in serum levels in blood glucose, lipid profile, MDA, TNF-α, ALT, and AST parameters and a decrease in serum insulin, adiponectin, leptin, GSH, SOD, and CAT compared to healthy rats. The treatment regimen with fustin (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly restored all serum parameters in test groups. The present study found clinical evidence for the first time regarding the significant antidiabetic property of fustin, which could be a worthwhile candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf
Jamal Gilani
- Department
of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology
Department, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment
and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Sakakah 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- Department
of Clinical Research, Meril Life Sciences
Pvt. Ltd., Gujarat 396191, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Stefani GP, Capalonga L, da Silva LR, Heck TG, Frizzo MN, Sulzbacher LM, Sulzbacher MM, de Batista D, Vedovatto S, Bertoni APS, Wink MR, Dal Lago P. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training associated with carnosine precursor supplementation on maximal strength and V̇O 2max in rats with heart failure. Life Sci 2021; 282:119816. [PMID: 34273376 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined exercise training (CET) has been associated with positive responses in the clinical status of patients with heart failure (HF). Other nonpharmacological tools, such as amino acid supplementation, may further enhance its adaptation. The aim was to test whether CET associated with supplementing carnosine precursors could present better responses in the functional capacity and biochemical variables of rats with HF. METHODS Twenty-one male Wistar rats were subjected to myocardial infarction and allocated to three groups: sedentary (SED, n = 7), CET supplemented with placebo (CETP, n = 7), and CET with HF supplemented with β-alanine and L-histidine (CETS, n = 7). The trained animals were submitted to a strength protocol three times per week. Aerobic training was conducted twice per week. The supplemented group received β-alanine and L-histidine orally (250 mg/kg per day). RESULTS Maximum oxygen uptake, running distance, time to exhaustion and maximum strength were higher in the CET-P group than that in the SED group and even higher in the CET-S group than that in the CET-P group (P < 0.01). CET-S showed lower oxidative stress and inflammation markers and higher heat shock protein 72 kDa content and mRNA expression for calcium transporters in the skeletal muscle compared to SED. CONCLUSION CET together with β-alanine and L-histidine supplementation in rats with HF can elicit adaptations in both maximum oxygen uptake, running distance, time to exhaustion, maximum strength, oxidative stress, inflammation and mRNA expression. Carnosine may influence beneficial adjustments in the cell stress response in the skeletal muscle and upregulate the mRNA expression of calcium transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Potrick Stefani
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Capalonga
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Graduate Program in Comprehensive Health Care, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Graduate Program in Comprehensive Health Care, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Graduate Program in Comprehensive Health Care, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maicon Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Graduate Program in Comprehensive Health Care, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diovana de Batista
- Research Group in Physiology, Graduate Program in Comprehensive Health Care, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samlai Vedovatto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Kandhasamy S, Liang B, Yang DP, Zeng Y. Antibacterial Vitamin K3 Carnosine Peptide-Laden Silk Fibroin Electrospun Fibers for Improvement of Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4769-4788. [PMID: 35007027 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of a multifunctional bioactive molecule functionalized electrospun dressing in tissue repair and regenerative function is a prominent therapeutic strategy for preparing efficient biomaterials to promote chronic wound healing. Designing robust and highly efficient antibacterial agents in resistance against microbes and bacterial infections is a key challenge for accelerating diabetic wound healing until today. In this study, we developed a vitamin K3 carnosine peptide (VKC)-laden silk fibroin electrospun scaffold (SF-VKC) for diabetic wound healing. The structural confirmation of synthesized VKC was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, and the cell viability of VKC was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay in HFF1 and NIH 3T3 cells. VKC shows excellent cell viability on both cell lines, and the VKC and SF-VKC electrospun mats exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Prepared SF and SF-VKC fibrous mats were well characterized, and the SF-VKC nanofiber mat presented good biodegradability, adhesiveness, unique mechanical property, expedient water uptake property, sustained drug release, and excellent biocompatibility for chronic wound healing. The in vitro tissue engineering study depicted excellent cell migration and cell-cell interaction in the NIH 3T3 cells over the VKC-impregnated silk fibroin (SF-VKC) mat. A higher population of cell migration was observed in cells' denuded area (scratched region) compared to the native SF fibrous mat. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that the prepared VKC-impregnated SF mat had potentially promoted the STZ-induced diabetic wound healing in a shorter period than the pure SF mat. Thus, obtained in vitro and in vivo outcomes suggest that the VKC-laden SF electrospun fibrous mat could be a better and inexpensive fibrous antibacterial biomaterial to elicit earlier re-epithelialization and efficient matrix remodeling for accelerating chronic infected wound reconstruction in skin diabetic wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Kandhasamy
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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18
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L-Carnosine Stimulation of Coenzyme Q10 Biosynthesis Promotes Improved Mitochondrial Function and Decreases Hepatic Steatosis in Diabetic Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050793. [PMID: 34067694 PMCID: PMC8156016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes leads to oxidative stress, which drives disease progression and diabetes complications. L-carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, improves metabolic control, wound healing and kidney function in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, possesses similar protective effects on diabetes complications. We aimed to study the effect of carnosine on CoQ, and assess any synergistic effects of carnosine and CoQ on improved mitochondrial function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Carnosine enhanced CoQ gene expression and increased hepatic CoQ biosynthesis in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model. Co-administration of Carnosine and CoQ improved mitochondrial function, lowered ROS formation and reduced signs of oxidative stress. Our work suggests that carnosine exerts beneficial effects on hepatic CoQ synthesis and when combined with CoQ, improves mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance in the liver of diabetic mice. (4) Conclusions: L-carnosine has beneficial effects on oxidative stress both alone and in combination with CoQ on hepatic mitochondrial function in an obese type 2 diabetes mouse model.
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19
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Effect of Standard and High-Fat Diets during Modeling of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats on the Development of Complications. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:737-740. [PMID: 33893947 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For evaluation of the effect of high-fat diet on the development of diabetic complications, the rats were maintained on standard or high-fat diet. In 3 weeks, diabetes mellitus was modeled by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Changes in hematological parameters, physical and biochemical parameters of the urine, and in the development of thermal allodynia were different after 15-week standard and high-fat diets.
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20
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Studies on nutritional intervention of rice starch- oleic acid complex (resistant starch type V) in rats fed by high-fat diet. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Syed AA, Reza MI, Shafiq M, Kumariya S, Singh P, Husain A, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Naringin ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced steatohepatitis by inhibiting RAGE/NF-κB mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Life Sci 2020; 257:118118. [PMID: 32702445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent findings have instituted the role of hyperglycemia-related AGE/RAGE and NF-κB in instigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocyte, which leads to steatohepatitis. Naringin, a flavanone glycoside found to possess myriads of pharmacological benefits along with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, we aimed to decipher the effect of naringin on RAGE/NF-κB mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced steatohepatitis. MAIN METHODS Hepatic HepG2 cells were cultured in palmitic acid medium with and without naringin. Lipid content was examined by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining. Cellular apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. An experimental T2DM-induced steatohepatitis was developed in Sprague Dawley rats by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. The naringin was administrated orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg, daily for eight weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance test was performed. Liver sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. The mRNA and protein expression of RAGE and NF-κB were determined by qPCR, Immunofluorescence, and Immunoblotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cellular and mitochondrial ROS were measured by FACS. KEY FINDINGS Palmitic acid encountered HepG2 cells and HFD fed rats exhibited hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, abnormal aminotransferases, steatosis, and fibrosis. Besides, the level of AGEs, RAGE, NF-κB, and oxidative stress were exacerbated. Moreover, MMP, cellular and mitochondrial ROS were altered in diabetic rats. Nevertheless, the naringin treatment ameliorated the steatohepatitis by improving the levels of aforementioned parameters. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these findings suggested anti-steatohepatitis potential of naringin in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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22
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Tanaka KI, Kawahara M. Carnosine and Lung Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1714-1725. [PMID: 31309876 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712140545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a small dipeptide with numerous activities, including antioxidant effects, metal ion chelation, proton buffering capacity, and inhibitory effects on protein carbonylation and glycation. Carnosine has been mostly studied in organs where it is abundant, including skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex, kidney, spleen, and plasma. Recently, the effect of supplementation with carnosine has been studied in organs with low levels of carnosine, such as the lung, in animal models of influenza virus or lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Among the known protective effects of carnosine, its antioxidant effect has attracted increasing attention for potential use in treating lung disease. In this review, we describe the in vitro and in vivo biological and physiological actions of carnosine. We also report our recent study and discuss the roles of carnosine or its related compounds in organs where carnosine is present in only small amounts (especially the lung) and its protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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23
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Hipkiss AR. COVID-19 and Senotherapeutics: Any Role for the Naturally-occurring Dipeptide Carnosine? Aging Dis 2020; 11:737-741. [PMID: 32765939 PMCID: PMC7390525 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that the non-toxic dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) should be examined as a potential protective agent against COVID-19 infection and inflammatory consequences especially in the elderly. Carnosine is an effective anti-inflammatory agent which can also inhibit CD26 and ACE2 activity. It is also suggested that nasal administration would direct the peptide directly to the lungs and escape the attention of serum carnosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing (ARCHA), Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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Peters V, Yard B, Schmitt CP. Carnosine and Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1801-1812. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190326111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a major complication in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
and represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Novel therapeutic approaches are
warranted. In view of a polymorphism in the carnosinase 1 gene CNDP1, resulting in reduced
carnosine degradation activity and a significant DN risk reduction, carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine)
has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. Carnosine has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-glycation and reactive carbonyl quenching properties. In diabetic rodents, carnosine supplementation
consistently improved renal histology and function and in most studies, also glucose metabolism.
Even though plasma half-life of carnosine in humans is short, first intervention studies in (pre-)
diabetic patients yielded promising results. The precise molecular mechanisms of carnosine mediated
protective action, however, are still incompletely understood. This review highlights the recent
knowledge on the role of the carnosine metabolism in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Anserine Reverses Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Preserves Cellular Homeostasis in Healthy Men. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041146. [PMID: 32325914 PMCID: PMC7231017 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study tested whether anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine), the active ingredient of chicken essence affects exercise-induced oxidative stress, cell integrity, and haematology biomarkers. In a randomized placebo-controlled repeated-measures design, ten healthy men ingested anserine in either a low dose (ANS-LD) 15 mg·kg−1·bw−1, high dose (ANS-HD) 30 mg·kg−1·bw−1, or placebo (PLA), following an exercise challenge (time to exhaustion), on three separate occasions. Anserine supplementation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 50% (p < 0.001, effect size d = 0.8 for both ANS-LD and ANS-HD), and preserved catalase (CAT) activity suggesting an improved antioxidant activity. However, both ANS-LD and ANS-HD elevated glutathione disulfide (GSSG), (both p < 0.001, main treatment effect), and consequently lowered the glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio compared with PLA (p < 0.01, main treatment effect), without significant effects on thiobarbituric acid active reactive substances (TBARS). Exercise-induced cell damage biomarkers of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and myoglobin were unaffected by anserine. There were slight but significant elevations in glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB), especially in ANS-HD (p < 0.05) compared with ANS-LD or PLA. Haematological biomarkers were largely unaffected by anserine, its dose, and without interaction with post exercise time-course. However, compared with ANS-LD and PLA, ANS-HD increased the mean cell volume (MCV), and decreased the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.001). Anserine preserves cellular homoeostasis through enhanced antioxidant activity and protects cell integrity in healthy men, which is important for chronic disease prevention. However, anserine temporal elevated exercise-induced cell-damage, together with enhanced antioxidant activity and haematological responses suggest an augmented exercise-induced adaptative response and recovery.
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Chmielewska K, Dzierzbicka K, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Przybyłowska M. Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine and Its Derivatives in the Treatment of Human Diseases. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1561-1578. [PMID: 32202758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, their occurrence and mortality are still high around the world. The resistance of cancer cells to the drugs remains a significant problem in oncology today, while in the case of neuro-degenerative diseases, therapies reversing the process are still yet to be found. Furthermore, it is important to seek new chemotherapeutics reversing side effects of currently used drugs or helping them perform their function to inhibit progression of the disease. Carnosine, a dipeptide constisting of β-alanine and l-histidine, has a variety of functions to mention: antioxidant, antiglycation, and reducing the toxicity of metal ions. It has therefore been proposed to act as a therapeutic agent for many pathological states. The aim of this paper was to find if carnosine and its derivatives can be helpful in treating various diseases. Literature search presented in this review includes review and original papers found in SciFinder, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Searches were based on substantial keywords concerning therapeutic usage of carnosine and its derivatives in several diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. In this paper, we review articles and find that carnosine and its derivatives are potential therapeutic agents in many diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and schizophrenia. Carnosine and its derivatives can be used in treating neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, or schizophrenia, although their usage is limited. Therefore, there's an urge to synthesize and analyze new substances, overcoming the limitation of carnosine itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Chmielewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stępniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Maja Przybyłowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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Golmohammadi R, Najar-Peerayeh S, Tohidi Moghadam T, Hosseini SMJ. Synergistic Antibacterial Activity and Wound Healing Properties of Selenium-Chitosan-Mupirocin Nanohybrid System: An in Vivo Study on Rat Diabetic Staphylococcus aureus Wound Infection Model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2854. [PMID: 32071320 PMCID: PMC7028993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to formulate Selenium-Chitosan-Mupirocin (M-SeNPs-CCH) complex. The nanohybrid system was prepared using chitosan-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-based hydrogel (CCH) that entrapped mupirocin (M) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The in vitro studies were performed by evaluation of the antibacterial activity and toxicity on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. The in vivo study was conducted on rat diabetic wound infection model that was infected by mupirocin-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MMRSA). The wounds were treated by M-SeNPs-CCH nanohybrid system with concentrations of M; 20 mg/ml, CCH; 2 mg/ml and SeNPs; 512 μg/ml in two times/day for 21 days. The therapeutic effect of this nanohybrid system was evaluated by monitoring wound contraction and histopathological changes. Evaluation of the average wound healing time showed a significant difference between the treatment and control groups (P≤0.05). The histopathological study indicated that the amount of wound healing was considerable in M-SeNPs-CCH nanohybrid system groups compared to the control and M groups. The M-SeNPs-CCH nanohybrid system formulated in this study was able to reduce 3-fold MIC of mupirocin with synergistic antibacterial activity as well as to play a significant role in wound contraction, angiogenesis, fibroblastosis, collagenesis, proliferation of hair follicle, and epidermis growth compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). This research suggests that this nanohybrid system might be a development for the treatment of diabetic wound infection at mild stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Golmohammadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Tohidi Moghadam
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Hosseini
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wenxin Keli Regulates Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Homeostasis and Improves Atrial Remodeling in Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2468031. [PMID: 32104528 PMCID: PMC7040409 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2468031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Wenxin Keli (WXKL), an antiarrhythmic traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to prevent cardiac arrhythmias through modulation of cardiac ion channels. This study tested the hypothesis that WXKL can improve atrial remodeling in diabetic rats by restoring mitochondrial function. Primary atrial fibroblasts of neonatal SD rats were divided into four groups: control, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), H2O2+WXKL 1 g/L, and H2O2+WXKL 3 g/L groups. Intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial oxygen consumption were measured. SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, DM, and DM+WXKL groups. Rats in the DM+WXKL group were treated with daily gavage of WXKL at 3 g/kg. After eight weeks, echocardiography, hemodynamic examination, histology, electrophysiology study, mitochondrial respiratory function, and western blots were assessed. H2O2 treatment led to increased ROS and decreased intracellular MMP and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in primary atrial fibroblasts. WXKL improved the above changes. DM rats showed increased atrial fibrosis, greater left atrial diameter, lower atrial conduction velocity, higher conduction heterogeneity, higher AF inducibility, and lower mitochondrial protein expression, and all these abnormal changes except for left atrial diameter were improved in the DM+WXKL group. WXKL improves atrial remodeling by regulating mitochondrial function and homeostasis and reducing mitochondrial ROS in diabetic rats.
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Zych M, Wojnar W, Borymski S, Szałabska K, Bramora P, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Sinapic Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Cardiac Tissue and Serum of Type 2 Diabetic Female Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E579. [PMID: 31771099 PMCID: PMC6943504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. They are considered the leading cause of death among diabetics. One of the mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiovascular complications is oxidative stress. Many phenolic acids are regarded as antioxidants. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) and sinapic acid (SA) on oxidative stress parameters in the cardiac tissue and serum of type 2 diabetic female rats. Additionally, the effect of these compounds on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in the serum was evaluated. Type 2 diabetes was induced with high-fat diet and streptozotocin. RA at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg and SA at the doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg were administrated orally for 28 days. Untreated diabetic rats exhibited unfavorable changes in glucose metabolism and lipid profile. Changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers indicated the onset of oxidative stress in these animals. The results showed that the higher doses of the tested phenolic acids-50 mg/kg of RA and 25 mg/kg of SA-revealed beneficial effects on oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Sławomir Borymski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Szałabska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Piotr Bramora
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
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Characteristics of Selected Antioxidative and Bioactive Compounds in Meat and Animal Origin Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090335. [PMID: 31443517 PMCID: PMC6769838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat and meat products have a high nutritional value. Besides major components, meat is rich in bioactive components, primarily taurine, l-carnitine, choline, alpha-lipoic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, glutathione, creatine, coenzyme Q10 and bioactive peptides. Many studies have reported their antioxidant and health-promoting properties connected with their lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory activity and protecting the organism against oxidative stress. The antioxidant activity of meat components results, among others, from the capability of scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, forming complexes with metal ions and protecting cells against damage. This review is focused to gather accurate information about meat components with antioxidant and biological activity.
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A carnosine analog with therapeutic potentials in the treatment of disorders related to oxidative stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215170. [PMID: 30964920 PMCID: PMC6456212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactive relationships among metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation at skeletal muscle level play a key role in the pathogenesis of disorders related to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress result in cellular energy deficiency, inflammation and cell death inducing a vicious cycle that promotes muscle wasting. The histidine-containing dipeptides, carnosine and anserine, are carbonyl scavengers whose cytoprotective contributions extend beyond the antioxidant defence, but the physiological meaning of these capacities is actually limited. In the present study, we compared and investigated the potential protective effects of three different histidine-containing dipeptides: carnosine, anserine and carnosinol, a carnosine-mimetic new compound, against oxidative stress induction in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. The hydrogen peroxide induced-oxidative stress significantly altered cell morphology, induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, decreased mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)/sirtuin3 pathway and the antioxidant system. Notably, all three investigated dipeptides in the present study, with a different extent and in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced myotube oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. The present study underlined that carnosinol, maintaining the safety condition of carnosine and anserine, was the more efficient studied dipeptide in the preservation of mitochondrial environment mediated by PGC-1α and sirtuin3 expression and thereby in the reduction of oxidative stress-related alterations in this in vitro skeletal muscle model. Furthermore, we observed that carnosinol's antioxidant effects are not blocked inhibiting sirtuin3, but are maintained with almost the same extend, indicating its multiple capacities of reactive carbonyl species-scavenging and of mitochondrial modulation through PGC-1α. In conclusion, carnosinol retained and surpassed the efficacy of the well-known investigated histidine-containing dipeptides improving oxidative stress, inflammation and also cell metabolism and so becoming a greatly promising therapeutic carnosine derivate.
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Guo Y, Guo C, Ha W, Ding Z. Carnosine improves diabetic retinopathy via the MAPK/ERK pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2641-2647. [PMID: 30930967 PMCID: PMC6425270 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of blindness in developed countries. Due to its asymptomatic onset and progressive disease course, DR is typically diagnosed at a late stage when treatment options are limited and therefore often results in irreversible blindness. Studies have demonstrated that carnosine may prevent and treat DR. In a previous study, the positive effect of carnosine on DR was determined and it was revealed that there may be an association between carnosine and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. To assess the interaction between carnosine and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, changes in PKC, ERK and p-ERK expression was assessed in diabetic rats following treatment with carnosine, PD98059 or U46619 via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the expression of ERK and p-ERK were significantly suppressed following treatment with carnosine, but no significant effect on the expression of PKC was identified, which indicates that suppressing the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway may serve an important role in carnosine-induced DR prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Chenjun Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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Liang W, Zhang D, Kang J, Meng X, Yang J, Yang L, Xue N, Gao Q, Han S, Gou X. Protective effects of rutin on liver injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:721-728. [PMID: 30138894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of rutin on the liver of type 2 diabetic mice and explore the correlation mechanism. The db/db mice, selected as the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models, have random blood glucose (RBG) and glucose level after 2 h of oral glucose loading of more than 16.7 mmol/L. After administration of 120 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg rutin, to T2DM mice, RBG, oral glucose tolerance, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vivo and vitro of different groups were detected. The liver pathological changes were observed under light and electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) and phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) on p85, Akt on Ser473, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) on Ser9, real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect IRS-2 mRNA expression. Moreover, dynamically observing the effect of rutin on the generation of AGEs in non-enzymatic protein glycosylated system, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to detect the effect of rutin on proliferation activity of HepG2 liver cells. The results showed that RBG and glucose levels of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of mice in model group were significantly higher than that of normal group, which were significantly reduced after the rutin treatment. Rutin could reduce the ALT, AST activities and AGEs level in serum and potentiate the expression of IRS-2, P-PI3K (p85), P-Akt (Ser473), P-GSK-3β (Ser9) protein and IRS-2 mRNA in the liver tissue of db/db mice. Moreover, rutin could significantly alleviate the structure disorder of liver, reduce the degeneration and necrosis of liver cells and formation of collagen fibers of db/db mice. The results in vitro also showed that rutin could obviously inhibit the generation of AGEs, and promoted the proliferation activity of high glucose-stimulating HepG2 cells. In general, the protective effect of rutin on the liver of T2DM may be mediated by facilitating signal transduction and activated state of insulin IRS-2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signal pathway, promoting hepatocyte proliferation, reducing blood glucose level and generation of AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishi Liang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Jiali Kang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Xubing Meng
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Ning Xue
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Qingyao Gao
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Shuying Han
- Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China.
| | - Xiangbo Gou
- Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China.
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Oral supplementation with melatonin reduces oxidative damage and concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase, VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the retina of rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide induced pre-diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:290-297. [PMID: 29890158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress and pro-angiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) are considered important for diabetic retinopathy onset and progression. Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates circadian and seasonal rhythms and most likely is involved in regulating glucose metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the potential benefit of melatonin supplementation to the pre-diabetic retina by assessing melatonin effects on lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), protein oxidation (advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP) and concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), VEGF and MMP9 in the retina of rats with pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.p.) following nicotinamide injection (110 mg/kg, i.p.). Beside mild hyperglycemia, lower serum insulin, increased fructosamine and lower HDL cholesterol, the present study demonstrated decreased serum melatonin in pre-diabetic rats, as well as, increased concentration of retinal TBARS, AOPP, iNOS, VEGF, and MMP9. Oral supplementation with melatonin (85 μg/animal/day) caused melatonin and HDL cholesterol levels to rise in treated rats and reduced levels of fasting serum glucose and fructosamine. It also affected serum insulin and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) in treated groups but had no significant effect on non-fasting glucose. Finally, supplementation with melatonin reduced concentrations of TBARS, AOPP, iNOS, VEGF, and MMP9 in significant level, thereby exerting an overall positive effect on oxidative stress and pro-angiogenic signaling in the pre-diabetic retina. Thus, oral melatonin might be considered in an early treatment or in the prevention of retinal changes associated with pre-diabetes.
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35
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Carnosine and advanced glycation end products: a systematic review. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1177-1186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Antioxidant Status, Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Oxidation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients; Beneficial Effects of Supplementation with Carnosine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.64116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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