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Hao L, Yang X, Chen H, Wei S, Xu B, Zhao Z. Distribution and Drug Resistance of Bacterial Infection in Hospitalized Patients at the Respiratory Department before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Guangzhou, China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2542. [PMID: 37894200 PMCID: PMC10609418 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since COVID-19 might have a lasting impact on global public health, it is crucial to analyze its effect on drug-resistant bacterial infections in the respiratory system for the prevention and control of hospital infections. This work aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance of bacterial infection among hospitalized patients in the respiratory unit in order to establish strategies to control antibiotic-resistant infections. Electronic clinical data registry records from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 36,829 clinical specimens, including sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood, and urine, were collected from 16,073 patients admitted to the Guangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Among them, 2209 samples were culture-positive. The bacterial isolation rates of different types of samples showed a similar trend from 2019 to 2022, with an increase in 2020 and 2022 and a decrease in 2021. Different bacterial species were separated from different types of samples. The most reported pathogens were identified in sputum samples. Gram-positive isolates were prevalent in urine samples, while Gram-negative bacilli were the predominant pathogenic bacteria isolated from respiratory tract and blood samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) complex, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were the most abundant Gram-negative bacteria in sputum samples, of which A. baumannii complex had the highest resistance to all tested antibiotics except colistin. Notably, there has been a substantial prevalence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae in the past five years. This alarming situation calls for greater attention and precaution with prescribed antibiotics to limit the generation and spread of new multidrug-resistant bacteria and improve therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (L.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Huiling Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Shuquan Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (L.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (L.H.); (S.W.)
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Quiroga-Vargas E, Loyola-Cruz MÁ, Rojas-Bernabé A, Moreno-Eutimio MA, Pastelin-Palacios R, Cruz-Cruz C, Durán-Manuel EM, Calzada-Mendoza C, Castro-Escarpulli G, Hernández-Hernández G, Cureño-Díaz MA, Fernández-Sánchez V, Bello-López JM. Typing of Candida spp. from Colonized COVID-19 Patients Reveal Virulent Genetic Backgrounds and Clonal Dispersion. Pathogens 2023; 12:1206. [PMID: 37887722 PMCID: PMC10610241 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 allowed the survival of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. However, due to the clinical characteristics of severe patients, they resulted in the appearance of colonization events. Therefore, we speculate that strains of Candida spp. isolated from COVID-19 patients have virulent genetic and phenotypic backgrounds involved in clinical worsening of patients. The aim of this work was to virutype Candida spp. strains isolated from colonized COVID-19 patients, analyze their genomic diversity, and establish clonal dispersion in care areas. The virulent potential of Candida spp. strains isolated from colonized COVID-19 patients was determined through adhesion tests and the search for genes involved with adherence and invasion. Clonal association was done by analysis of intergenic spacer regions. Six species of Candida were involved as colonizing pathogens in COVID-19 patients. The genotype analysis revealed the presence of adherent and invasive backgrounds. The distribution of clones was identified in the COVID-19 care areas, where C. albicans was the predominant species. Evidence shows that Candida spp. have the necessary genetic tools to be able colonize the lungs, and could be a possible causal agent of coinfections in COVID-19 patients. The detection of dispersion of opportunistic pathogens can be unnoticed by classical epidemiology. Epidemiological surveillance against opportunistic fungal pathogens in COVID-19 patients is an immediate need, since the findings presented demonstrate the potential virulence of Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Quiroga-Vargas
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Araceli Rojas-Bernabé
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Mario Adán Moreno-Eutimio
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.M.-E.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Rodolfo Pastelin-Palacios
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.M.-E.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Clemente Cruz-Cruz
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Claudia Calzada-Mendoza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (C.C.-M.)
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Geovanni Hernández-Hernández
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Verónica Fernández-Sánchez
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico (M.Á.L.-C.); (E.M.D.-M.); (M.A.C.-D.)
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, Mexico
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Lulou K, Yao D, Ying C. Multilocus Sequence Typing and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vaginal and Non-vaginal Candida glabrata Isolates From China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:808890. [PMID: 35369470 PMCID: PMC8969424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.808890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is a common cause of Candida infections. In our present study, we investigated the antifungal susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of vaginal and non-vaginal C. glabrata isolates. Seventy-six vaginal C. glabrata strains isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis and 57 non-vaginal C. glabrata isolates were collected at two hospitals in Shanghai, China. Antifungal susceptibility was examined using a broth microdilution method. Multilocus sequence typing was used for genotyping. Overall, 28 (21.1%), 28 (21.1%), and 29 (21.8%) C. glabrata isolates were resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole, respectively. Briefly, 18 (23.7%), 18 (23.7%), and 19 (25%) vaginal strains were resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. While the resistance to these antifungals were all 17.5% (10/57) in non-vaginal strains. All isolates retained susceptibility to amphotericin B, and only four non-vaginal isolates were caspofungin resistant. Genotyping identified 17 ST patterns. In non-vaginal samples, the same genotypes appear as in the vaginal samples, except for one genotype (ST-182), while in the vaginal samples more genotypes appear (ST8, ST19, ST45, ST55, ST66, ST80, ST138, and ST17). The most common genotype was ST7 (81 strains), followed by ST10 (14 strains) and ST15 (11 strains). The majority of resistant phenotype strains (25/30, 83.3%) correlated to the predominant genotype (ST7), and the rest belonged to ST3 (2/30, 6.7%), ST10 (1/30, 3.3%), ST19 (1/30, 3.3%), and ST45 (1/30, 3.3%). Our survey revealed cross-resistance in vaginal and non-vaginal C. glabrata isolates. Moreover, there is no genotype associated with the resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqin Wu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiyi Lulou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongting Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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