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Khedr AMB, Shaker OG, EL-Komy MHM, Badr AM, Erfan R. miRNA-133 and lncRNA-H19 expressions and their relation to serum levels of PKM2 and TGF-β in patients with systemic sclerosis. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:253-261. [PMID: 38222070 PMCID: PMC10788181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a common autoimmune disorder involving the skin, blood vessels, and internal organs with an elusive pathophysiology. SSc is believed to be a genetically prone T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. miRNAs and lncRNAs were thought to be involved in the etiology of several immunological diseases including SSc. This work aimed to assess the expression of miRNA-133, lncRNA-H19, PKM2, and TGF-β levels in SSc in comparison to controls and their relationship to the clinical course and severity of disease. Patients and methods Fifty patients with SSc and 40 healthy age and sex-matched controls were included in this study. miRNA-133 and H19 expression levels were detected using quantitative RT-PCR while serum levels of PKM2 and TGF-β were measured using ELISA techniques. Patients' clinical data and treatments received were extracted and correlated with proteins investigated. Results Our results showed that miRNA-133 was significantly downregulated in SSc patients in comparison to controls (Mean + SD of SSc = 0.61 ± 0.22, Mean ± SD of HC = 0.97 ± 0.007, p = 0.003). However, there was significant upregulation of the serum expressions of all other tested biomarkers in SSc patients in comparison to controls; H19 (Mean + SD of SSc = 10.37 ± 3.13, Mean ± SD of HC = 1.01 ± 0.01, p = 0.0001), PKM2 (Mean + SD of SSc = 28.0 ± 4.84, Mean ± SD of HC = 16.19 ± 1.32, p = 0.005) and TGF-β (Mean + SD of SSc = 150.8 ± 6.36, Mean ± SD of HC = 23.83 ± 0.93, p = 0.0001). We also detected several correlations between serum levels of the investigated proteins in patients with SSc. Conclusion Along with TGF-β, our results show that miRNA-133, H19, and PKM2 seem to be potential contributors to SSc pathogenesis and could be promising biomarkers in the diagnosis of SSc patients. The lncRNA-H19 correlations with TGF- β, miRNA-133, and PKM2 suggest a possible influential effect of this RNA molecule on the pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed MB. Khedr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat G. Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amul M. Badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa Erfan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Passeron T, King B, Seneschal J, Steinhoff M, Jabbari A, Ohyama M, Tobin DJ, Randhawa S, Winkler A, Telliez JB, Martin D, Lejeune A. Inhibition of T-cell activity in alopecia areata: recent developments and new directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243556. [PMID: 38022501 PMCID: PMC10657858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that has a complex underlying immunopathogenesis characterized by nonscarring hair loss ranging from small bald patches to complete loss of scalp, face, and/or body hair. Although the etiopathogenesis of AA has not yet been fully characterized, immune privilege collapse at the hair follicle (HF) followed by T-cell receptor recognition of exposed HF autoantigens by autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells is now understood to play a central role. Few treatment options are available, with the Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor baricitinib (2022) and the selective JAK3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) inhibitor ritlecitinib (2023) being the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved systemic medications thus far for severe AA. Several other treatments are used off-label with limited efficacy and/or suboptimal safety and tolerability. With an increased understanding of the T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory pathogenesis of AA, additional therapeutic pathways beyond JAK inhibition are currently under investigation for the development of AA therapies. This narrative review presents a detailed overview about the role of T cells and T-cell-signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of AA, with a focus on those pathways targeted by drugs in clinical development for the treatment of AA. A detailed summary of new drugs targeting these pathways with expert commentary on future directions for AA drug development and the importance of targeting multiple T-cell-signaling pathways is also provided in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Passeron
- University Côte d’Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Department of Dermatology, Nice, France
- University Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Brett King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Paediatric Dermatology, National Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Saint-André Hospital, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), ImmunoConcept, UMR5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Desmond J. Tobin
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Dahabreh D, Jung S, Renert-Yuval Y, Bar J, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. Alopecia Areata: Current Treatments and New Directions. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023; 24:895-912. [PMID: 37606849 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune hair loss disease that is non-scarring and is characterized by chronic inflammation at the hair follicle level. Clinically, patients' presentation varies from patchy, circumscribed scalp involvement to total body and scalp hair loss. Current management is guided by the degree of scalp and body involvement, with topical and intralesional steroid injections as primarily first-line for mild cases and broad immunosuppressants as the mainstay for more severe cases. Until recently, the limited number of blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials for this disease had made establishing an evidence-based treatment paradigm challenging. However, growing insights into the pathogenesis of alopecia areata through blood and tissue analysis of human lesions have identified several promising targets for therapy. T-helper (Th) 1/interferon skewing has traditionally been described as the driver of disease; however, recent investigations suggest activation of additional immune mediators, including the Th2 pathway, interleukin (IL)-9, IL-23, and IL-32, as contributors to alopecia areata pathogenesis. The landscape of alopecia areata treatment has the potential to be transformed, as several novel targeted drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials. Given the recent US FDA approval of baricitinib and ritlecitinib, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a promising drug class for treating severe alopecia areata cases. This article will review the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of current treatments for alopecia areata, and will provide an overview of the emerging therapies that are leading the revolution in the management of this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Dahabreh
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 E. 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Seungyeon Jung
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 E. 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yael Renert-Yuval
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Bar
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 E. 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 E. 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 E. 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Qi SS, Miao Y, Sheng YY, Hu RM, Zhao J, Yang QP. MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata. Ann Dermatol 2023; 35:46-55. [PMID: 36750458 PMCID: PMC9905862 DOI: 10.5021/ad.22.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We found microRNA (miR)-1246 to be significantly differentially expressed between severe active alopecia areata (AA) patients and healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of miR-1246 in severe AA. METHODS Expression of miR-1246, dual-specific tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1c (NFATc1) in peripheral CD4+ T cells and in scalp tissues of patients were detected using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. Peripheral CD4+ T cells from the AA patients were transfected with lentiviral vectors overexpressing miR-1246. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to measure mRNA or protein expression of retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma (ROR-γt), interleukin (IL)-17, DYRK1A, NFATc1, and phosphorylated NFATc1. Flow cytometry was used to assay the CD4+IL-17+ cells proportion. ELISA was used to measure cytokine levels. RESULTS miR-1246 levels decreased and DYRK1A and NFATc1 mRNA levels significantly increased in the peripheral CD4+ T cells and scalp tissues of severe active AA samples. NFATc1 protein expression was also significantly increased in the peripheral CD4+ T cells but not in the scalp tissues. NFATc1 positive cells were mainly distributed among infiltrating inflammatory cells around hair follicles. In peripheral CD4+ T cells of severe active AA, overexpression of miR-1246 resulted in significant downregulation of DYRK1A, NFATc1, ROR-γt, and IL-17 mRNA and phosphorylated NFATc1 protein, as well as a decrease in the CD4+IL-17+ cells proportion and the IL-17F level. CONCLUSION miR-1246 can inhibit NFAT signaling and Th17 cell activation, which may be beneficial in the severe AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-si Qi
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - You-yu Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-ming Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-ping Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Minokawa Y, Sawada Y, Nakamura M. Lifestyle Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031038. [PMID: 35162962 PMCID: PMC8835065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata is a representative inflammatory skin disease that is associated with various environmental stimuli. While psychological stress is believed to be a major pathogenetic trigger in alopecia areata, infants and newborns also suffer from the disease, suggesting the possible presence of other environmental factors. Daily lifestyle is well known to be involved in various inflammatory diseases and influences the severity of inflammatory skin diseases. However, only a limited number of studies have summarized these influences on alopecia areata. In this review article, we summarize lifestyle factor-related influences on the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and focus on environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, obesity, fatty acids, and gluten consumption.
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Waśkiel-Burnat A, Osińska M, Salińska A, Blicharz L, Goldust M, Olszewska M, Rudnicka L. The Role of Serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in Patients with Alopecia Areata: Clinical Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123397. [PMID: 34943905 PMCID: PMC8699846 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata is a type of non-scarring hair loss. The dysregulation of numerous systemic Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12, and IL-18), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17E, IL-31 and IL-33) and Th17 (IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 and TGF-β) cytokines was observed in patients with alopecia areata. Positive correlations between the severity of alopecia areata and an increased serum level of various cytokines including IL-2, TNF, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-17E were reported in the literature. An increased serum level of numerous cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-6, TNF, IL-12, IL-17E, and IL-22, was described as positively correlated with the duration of the disease. Moreover, it was shown that increased pre-treatment serum level of IL-12 was a positive, while increased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were negative prognostic markers for the efficacy of diphenylcyclopropenone. In conclusion, alopecia areata is associated with the dysregulation of systemic Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines with their role in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and prognosis of the disease. Available data indicate the most significant role of serum IL-2, TNF, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-17E as markers of disease activity. The serum levels IL-4, IL-12 and IL-13 may be useful as potential predictors of diphenylcyclopropenone efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Waśkiel-Burnat
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Marta Osińska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Anna Salińska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Leszek Blicharz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Małgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-13-24; Fax: +48-22-824-22-00
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Aldaffaie STH, Hussein TA, Muhieldden AAR. Estimation of CD3, CD4, and CD8 in Iraqi patients with alopecia areata and alopecia universalis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:1286-1291. [PMID: 34731524 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata is considered to be an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell response and production of cytokines around the anagen stage. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess T cells in blood using immune biomarkers (CD3, CD4, and CD8) in patients with AA and AU compared with healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out at private clinic and in the Department of Dermatology in Al Karama Teaching Hospital. The study groups included 58 patients from different geographic areas in Iraq, with ages ranging from 5 to 48 years from the end of August 2019 to the January 2020; AA patient group included 19, AU patient group included, 11 and control group included 30 with no scalp or body lesions in their disease history. All patients were clinically diagnosed to detect clinical types of disease in the scalp, in the body, and any hair-bearing area. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants where CD3 T cell, CD4 T cell, and CD8 T cell in whole blood were estimated by flow cytometry technique. RESULTS The present study has found the males are more susceptible to infection than the females in both types of disease. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) detected for immune biomarkers (CD3, CD4, and CD8) in blood between patient groups in comparison with healthy individuals, but there was a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in immune biomarkers (CD8, CD3) according to stress status in AU and in CD8 T cell between patient groups. CD4/CD8 ratio increased in alopecia patients. CONCLUSION In current study, There was no significant difference detected for biomarkers (CD3, CD4, and CD8) in blood between patient groups and healthy control, but significantly decrease in CD8 T cell and CD3T cell according to stress in AU, and in CD8T cell between patient groups according to stress This research may have proven one of the theories. Study of CD markers receptors and B cell receptors these will help for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talib Abdullah Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Evaluation of the level of serum Interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-15 andIL-17) and its relationship with disease severity in patients with alopecia areata. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 96:551-557. [PMID: 34281739 PMCID: PMC8441470 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair disease that causes hair loss without scarring. The etiopathogenesis of AA has not been fully understood yet. Objective To determine serum interleukin levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-15, and IL-17) in patients diagnosed with alopecia areata and to investigate the relationship of IL levels with the duration and severity of alopecia areata and the response to tofacitinib therapy. Methods Patients (≥16 years old) diagnosed with alopecia areata and healthy individuals as a control group was enrolled. Baseline serum interleukin levels of the patients and controls were measured. In the patient group receiving tofacitinib therapy, serum interleukin levels were measured again after 6 months. Disease severity for alopecia areata was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool. Results Sixty-one AA patients and 30 healthy individuals were included; they were comparable regarding age and sex. The mean disease duration for AA was 7 ± 6 years and the baseline mean Severity of Alopecia Tool score was 71 ± 30 (range, 20–100). Baseline IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15 levels were significantly higher in the patient group than those in the control group (p < 0.001 for each). No significant correlation was found between the baseline interleukin levels and either disease duration or disease severity (baseline Severity of Alopecia Tool score). Among the patients receiving tofacitinib (n = 22), all interleukin levels significantly decreased after treatment. However, no significant relationship between the change in interleukin levels and the change in the Severity of Alopecia Tool scores was observed after tofacitinib treatment. Study limitations This is a monocentric study conducted in a single university hospital. Conclusion High interleukin levels in alopecia areata patients and the significant decrease with treatment support the idea that interleukins have a role in pathogenesis. Nevertheless, no relationship could be demonstrated between IL levels and disease duration or severity.
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Serum level of interleukin-15 in active alopecia areata patients and its relation to age, sex, and disease severity. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 37:904-908. [PMID: 33603607 PMCID: PMC7874869 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune mechanisms with evident genetic background are the main components of alopecia areata (AA) pathogenesis. Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is considered as an important signalling cytokine. Its disordered expression has been linked to inflammatory autoimmune disorders. Aim The present study aimed to evaluate serum IL-15 in active AA patients and to assess its association with patients' sex, age, and disease severity. Material and methods IL-15 serum level was measured in 40 patients with active alopecia areata and 20 healthy controls using the ELISA technique. The severity of hair loss was assessed in accordance with the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT). Results A significantly higher serum level of IL-15 in AA patients than in controls was detected (p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was detected between the SALT score and IL-15 serum level (rs = 0.433, p = 0.005). No significant correlation between age of the patients and the serum level of IL-15 was observed (rs = 0.224, p = 0.164). No significant difference in IL-15 serum level regarding patients' sex, history of disease recurrence, or family history of AA was noted. Conclusions The elevated serum level of IL-15 in active AA patients might reflect its role in disease pathogenesis as a key signalling cytokine. Its level is correlated with disease severity. However, IL-15 is not influenced by patients' gender or age.
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Bernardini N, Skroza N, Tolino E, Mambrin A, Anzalone A, Balduzzi V, Colapietra D, Marchesiello A, Michelini S, Proietti I, Potenza C. IL-17 and its role in inflammatory, autoimmune, and oncological skin diseases: state of art. Int J Dermatol 2019; 59:406-411. [PMID: 31663126 PMCID: PMC7216999 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent data support the theory of the involvement of IL‐17 in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory skin diseases (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, hidradenitis suppurativa) and autoimmune skin diseases (alopecia areata, vitiligo, bullous diseases). Even if the role of IL‐17 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has been reported extensively, its role in tumor is still controversial. Some reports show that Th17 cells eradicate tumors, while others reveal that they promote the initiation and early growth of tumors. Herein, we review the role of IL‐17 in the involvement of some common dermatologic diseases: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, vitiligo, melanoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Bernardini
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Nevena Skroza
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Tolino
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mambrin
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Alessia Anzalone
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Veronica Balduzzi
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Daniela Colapietra
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Anna Marchesiello
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Simone Michelini
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Ilaria Proietti
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
| | - Concetta Potenza
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, Teracina, Italy
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Gautam RK, Singh Y, Gupta A, Arora P, Khurana A, Chitkara A. The profile of cytokines (IL‐2, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐17A, and IL‐23) in active alopecia areata. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:234-240. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kishan Gautam
- Department of Dermatology Post graduate institute of medical education and research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi India
| | - Yogita Singh
- Department of Dermatology Post graduate institute of medical education and research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi India
| | - Aastha Gupta
- Department of Dermatology Post graduate institute of medical education and research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi India
| | - Pooja Arora
- Department of Dermatology Post graduate institute of medical education and research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- Department of Dermatology Post graduate institute of medical education and research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi India
| | - Anubhuti Chitkara
- Department of Biochemistry Post graduate institute of medical education and research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi India
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12
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Serum concentrations of selected proinflammatory cytokines in children with alopecia areata. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:63-69. [PMID: 30858781 PMCID: PMC6409873 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.82826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alopecia areata (AA) is considered an autoimmune disorder characterized by patchy loss of hair from the scalp and other body parts. Many patients develop the disease in childhood. Aim To answer the question whether abnormal production of some proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17A and IFNγ) in children with AA may facilitate the development or progression of the disease. Material and methods The study group consisted of 42 children with AA, the control group – 37 healthy children. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from patients with AA and healthy controls and the concentrations of serum cytokines, namely IL-2, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17A, IFN-γ were determined quantitatively by ELISA method. Results The serum IL-6, IL-15, IL-17A and IFNγ levels were significantly increased in patients with AA compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). The serum IL-15 level was found to be increased when the total duration of AA was increased (q = 0.30; p = 0.05). The serum cytokine level of IL-17A was found to be decreased when duration of the current episode was longer than 2 years (p < 0.05), but the correlation between IL-17A serum level and duration of the current episode was not confirmed in the Spearman test (q = –0.06; p = 0.68). The serum IL-17A level was found to be significantly decreased when the thyroiditis was present (q = –2.378; p < 0.05). Conclusions The increased levels of serum IL-6, IL-15, IL-17A and IFNγ in children suggest imbalance in the serum proinflammatory cytokines production in AA.
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Hamed FN, McDonagh AJG, Almaghrabi S, Bakri Y, Messenger AG, Tazi-Ahnini R. Epigallocatechin-3 Gallate Inhibits STAT-1/JAK2/IRF-1/HLA-DR/HLA-B and Reduces CD8 MKG2D Lymphocytes of Alopecia Areata Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122882. [PMID: 30558329 PMCID: PMC6313664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with Interferon- γ (IFN-γ) mediated T-lymphocyte dysfunction and increased circulating Interleukine-17 (IL-17) levels. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) specifically inhibits IFN-γ pathways and unlike Janus Kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1/JAK2) inhibitors (tofacitinib, ruxolitinib), EGCG is safer, more cost-effective, and is a topically active agent. Our objective is to test the mode of action of EGCG in vitro and ex vivo using HaCat, Jurkat cell lines, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AA patients and healthy controls (HCs), respectively. METHODS distribution of T helper cells (Th1, Th17), and cytotoxic cells (CD8) in PBMCs isolated from 30 AA patients and 30 HCs was investigated by flowcytomterty. In vitro treatment of HaCat and Jurkat cells with 40 μm EGCG for 48 h was performed to measure the level of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription protein STAT1, and replicated in ex vivo model using PBMCs of AA patients. RESULTS Interestingly, 40 μm EGCG is capable of completely inhibiting phosphorylation of STAT1 after 48 h in HaCat and Jurkat cells and ex vivo in PBMCs of AA patients. Based on QPCR data, the action of EGCG on p-STAT1 seems to be mediated via downregulation of the expression of JAK2 but not JAK1 leading to the inhibition of human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DR and HLA-B) expression probably via IRF-1. On the other hand, AA patients have significantly increased levels of Th1, Th17, and CD8 cells and the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 by PBMCs in AA patients was significantly higher compared to HC; p = 0.008 and p = 0.006, respectively. Total numbers of CD8+ cells were not significantly different between treated and untreated samples. However, CD8+ cells with positive Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) transmembrane receptor (CD8+ NKG2D+ subset) was significantly reduced when PBMCs were treated with 20 μm EGCG for 48 h. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EGCG has a synergistic action that inhibits expression of HLA-DR and HLA-B molecules via the IFN-γ pathway to maintain immune privilege in HF; also it reduces CD8+ NKG2D+ subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma N Hamed
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Andrew J G McDonagh
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Sarah Almaghrabi
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratoire de Biologie de Pathologies Humaines, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V Rabat, Rabat B.P:8007.N.U, Morocco.
| | - Andrew G Messenger
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Rachid Tazi-Ahnini
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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14
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Efficacy and safety of secukinumab treatment in adults with extensive alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:607-614. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Jalili RB, Kilani RT, Li Y, Khosravi-Maharlooie M, Nabai L, Wang EHC, McElwee KJ, Ghahary A. Fibroblast cell-based therapy prevents induction of alopecia areata in an experimental model. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:994-1004. [PMID: 29871523 PMCID: PMC6050905 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718773311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair loss disease with infiltration of
proinflammatory cells into hair follicles. Current therapeutic regimens are unsatisfactory
mainly because of the potential for side effects and/or limited efficacy. Here we report
that cultured, transduced fibroblasts, which express the immunomodulatory molecule
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), can be applied to prevent hair loss in an experimental
AA model. A single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of IDO-expressing primary dermal
fibroblasts was given to C3H/HeJ mice at the time of AA induction. While 60–70% of mice
that received either control fibroblasts or vehicle injections developed extensive AA,
none of the IDO-expressing fibroblast-treated mice showed new hair loss up to 20 weeks
post injection. IDO cell therapy significantly reduced infiltration of CD4+ and
CD8+ T cells into hair follicles and resulted in decreased expression of
TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the skin. Skin draining lymph nodes of IDO fibroblast-treated
mice were significantly smaller, with more CD4+ CD25+
FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and fewer Th17 cells than those of control
fibroblast and vehicle-injected mice. These findings indicate that IP injected
IDO-expressing dermal fibroblasts can control inflammation and thereby prevent AA hair
loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza B Jalili
- 1 Department of Surgery, ICORD (international collaboration on regenerative discoveries), University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ruhangiz T Kilani
- 1 Department of Surgery, ICORD (international collaboration on regenerative discoveries), University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yunyuan Li
- 1 Department of Surgery, ICORD (international collaboration on regenerative discoveries), University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooie
- 1 Department of Surgery, ICORD (international collaboration on regenerative discoveries), University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Layla Nabai
- 1 Department of Surgery, ICORD (international collaboration on regenerative discoveries), University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eddy Hsi Chun Wang
- 2 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin J McElwee
- 2 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- 1 Department of Surgery, ICORD (international collaboration on regenerative discoveries), University of British Columbia, Canada
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Morsy H, Maher R, Negm D. Correlation between serum IL-17A level and SALT score in patients with alopecia areata before and after NB-UVB therapy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:533-537. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Morsy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology; Faculty of Medicine; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Reham Maher
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology; Faculty of Medicine; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Dalia Negm
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
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17
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IL-17 inhibition: is it the long-awaited savior for alopecia areata? Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:383-390. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Morsy H, Taha EA, Nigm DA, Shahin R, Youssef EMK. Serum IL-17 in patients with erythema multiforme or Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis drug reaction, and correlation with disease severity. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:868-873. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Morsy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology ; Assiut University; Egypt
| | - E. A. Taha
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology ; Assiut University; Egypt
| | - D. A. Nigm
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Assiut University; Egypt
| | - R. Shahin
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Egypt
| | - E. M. K. Youssef
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology ; Assiut University; Egypt
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