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Aldayhum MS, Alshahrani MS, Hussein MRA, Alshahrani AS, Hussein TMR. Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides associated with follicular mucinosis: A case report and mini review. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8731. [PMID: 38585584 PMCID: PMC10996046 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message F-MF is a rare non-classic variant of MF. In the case of hair loss, this should be a diagnostic consideration. The essence of the diagnosis of F-MF is a careful medical history, physical examination, and a combination of immunohistological and molecular analyses (Cureus. 2022; 14:e21231, Ann Saudi Med. 2012; 32:283, Oman Med J. 2012; 27:134, Int J Dermatol. 2016; 55:1396, Saudi Med J. 2018; 39:994 and Case Rep Oncol. 2018; 11:436). Abstract Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with multiple subtypes. Follicular MF (F-MF) is a non-classic variant of MF. Histological features entail folliculotropism and damage of the epithelium lining of the hair follicles with or without mucin deposition. A 52-year-old male patient complained of recurrent skin lesions on the scalp over 8 months. The lesions appeared suddenly, enlarged over time, and became itchy. A skin punch biopsy was performed. Histological features included mucin deposits in the epithelium of the hair follicles and dense, predominantly perifollicular atypical lymphocytes infiltrating the follicular epithelium. The lymphoid cells were composed of CD3-positive T cells (CD4/CD8-positive T cells) with a shift in favor of the former. The case was diagnosed as F-MF on an immunohistological basis. The diagnosis of F-MF is often difficult for dermatologists and dermatopathologists alike. Not only clinicopathological correlations but also immunohistochemical and molecular analysis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Saleh Aldayhum
- Department of DermatologyArmed Forces Hospitals Southern regionKhamis MushaiteKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Saad Alshahrani
- Department of DermatologyArmed Forces Hospitals Southern regionKhamis MushaiteKingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Algarni AM, Alshehri HS, Al Zomia AS, Alhifthi MA, Lahiq LA, Al Fae FM, Alwadie AM, Al-Qahtani SA, Al Amri FS, Tobeigei FH. The Epidemiological Pattern of Skin Cancer from 2011 to 2022 among the Population of the Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4612. [PMID: 37760581 PMCID: PMC10527341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall risk of developing cancer before the age of 75 years in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is 9.9%. We aimed to explore the pattern of skin cancer, specifically among the Saudi population residing in the Aseer region. We obtained data from the medical records of Aseer Central Hospital regional histopathological laboratory considering surgical pathology reports from 2011 to 2021. The 61-80-year-old age group represented most of the cases (41.4%), followed by the 41-60-year-old group at 24.1%. Men made up the majority of the cases (59.4%). Furthermore, the dataset predominantly consisted of Saudi nationals (94.3% of the sample). The percentage of cases diagnosed each year relative to the cumulative number of skin cancer cases varied each year, ranging from 1.6% in 2011 to 11.6% in 2017. The most common diagnoses were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with 230 cases (41.1%) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with 147 cases (26.3%). The majority of cases occurred in the head and neck region (55.4%), followed by the lower limb (16.6%), trunk (13.6%), upper limb (8.2%), and pelvis (2.3%). There was a significant variation in the type of skin cancer across the age groups (p < 0.001) and across different body parts (p < 0.001). The incidence of skin cancer exhibited variability throughout the study period. The predominant diagnoses observed were SSC and BCC. Among the affected areas, the head and neck region displayed the highest prevalence, followed by the lower limb, trunk, upper limb, and pelvis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamza Salim Alshehri
- Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.S.A.)
| | - Ahmed Saad Al Zomia
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (L.A.L.); (F.M.A.F.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.A.-Q.); (F.S.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Abdulrahman Alhifthi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (L.A.L.); (F.M.A.F.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.A.-Q.); (F.S.A.A.)
| | - Lama Ali Lahiq
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (L.A.L.); (F.M.A.F.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.A.-Q.); (F.S.A.A.)
| | - Faisal Mohammed Al Fae
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (L.A.L.); (F.M.A.F.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.A.-Q.); (F.S.A.A.)
| | - Awad Mohammed Alwadie
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (L.A.L.); (F.M.A.F.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.A.-Q.); (F.S.A.A.)
| | - Shuruq Abdullah Al-Qahtani
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (L.A.L.); (F.M.A.F.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.A.-Q.); (F.S.A.A.)
| | - Faisal Suhaim Al Amri
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (L.A.L.); (F.M.A.F.); (A.M.A.); (S.A.A.-Q.); (F.S.A.A.)
| | - Faisal Hassan Tobeigei
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
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AlOtaibi MN, Basfar AS, Jawhari AM, Alzahrani ES, Althomali MA, Alhindi AE, Alam SS, Al Aboud DM, Abdel-Moneim AS. The Burden of Skin Cancers in Saudi Arabia Through 2011-2022. Cureus 2023; 15:e45052. [PMID: 37829962 PMCID: PMC10566748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin cancers are classified into melanoma and non-melanoma or keratinocyte cancers. No recent data are found about the epidemiology of skin cancers in Saudi Arabia. The current study aims to determine the burden of skin cancer in the last 11 years from 2011 to 2022. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with any type of skin cancer were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was conducted based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Different variables like age, type of cancer, type of lesions, and treatment approach used were measured. Results A total of 91 patients were diagnosed with skin cancers during the study period. The head and neck were the most common sites for skin cancers. Only 4/91 cases reported invasive melanoma. Both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (34/91) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (28/91) were found to be the most reported skin cancers. Other cancers including mycosis fungoides (MF) (10/91), Kaposi's sarcoma (6/91), and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) (5/91) were also detected. The rest of the detected tumors were rarely detected. Aggressive CD4+/CD4+/CD8+ MF was more prevalent than CD3+/CD4+/CD8- MF cancer cases. CD34+ /S100- DFSP cancers were evident in most of the DFSP cases. Human herpes virus 8 was detected in all Kaposi's sarcoma cases and all of them were HIV-confirmed cases. Surgical treatment was the most frequently used approach to treat skin cancers, followed by phototherapy (9.9%), surgical/radiotherapy (5.5%), surgical/chemotherapy (4.4%), chemotherapy (3.3%), and then chemoradiotherapy immunotherapy (1.1%). Conclusion The incidences of SCC and BCC are relatively high in comparison to other types of skin cancers with the surgical intervention being most frequently used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samir S Alam
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, King AbdulAziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Helmy ZA, Alsifri SS, Bondagji MF, Alshehri AM, Alzahrani EA. Behaviors and Knowledge Related to Intentional Outdoor Tanning Among Adults in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e33140. [PMID: 36726884 PMCID: PMC9886412 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intentional outdoor tanning is the process through which people expose their skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation to darken their skin color toward brown or bronze. UV radiation is a well-known modifiable risk factor for photoaging, photoallergic reactions, and phototoxicity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the behaviors and knowledge of intentional outdoor tanning among adults in the western region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1023 adults from the general population who met the eligibility criteria. Data were collected in October and November 2022 using an electronic questionnaire to assess the sociodemographic data, behaviors, and knowledge of the participants related to intentional outdoor tanning. RESULTS Overall, 24.5% of the participants intentionally tanned outdoors, the majority of which (203, 80.9%) were exposed to the sun for more than 20 minutes. The participants who intentionally tan outdoors were significantly younger than those who do not (32 ± 10.7 vs. 38.4 ± 13.9, respectively, P <0.001). Most of the participants had good knowledge of the disadvantages of sun exposure on the skin (61.3%). Additionally, good knowledge was significantly more prevalent in women (70.3%) than men (48.6%) (P <0.001). CONCLUSION Individuals who intentionally tan outdoors engage in other behaviors or beliefs that increase exposure to UV rays. This points to the need for comprehensive interventions such as community-counseling campaigns to address these new trends and their relationship with photoaging and skin cancer.
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Almalki S, Almalki AM, Allaf F, Alrougi A, Al-Marzouki AHH, Farahat F. A Retrospective Chart Review of Skin Cancer Pattern and Clinical Outcomes Among Saudi Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Saudi Arabia From 1987-2016. Cureus 2021; 13:e20666. [PMID: 34966622 PMCID: PMC8710036 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. However, limited studies have been conducted on this disease in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to describe the prevalence, treatment modalities, and outcomes of skin cancer in a tertiary care hospital in western Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of all Saudi patients visiting King Abdulaziz Medical City hospital in Jeddah between 1987 and 2016 was performed. Results In total, 132 patients were diagnosed with skin cancer during the study period, however, only 119 cases were analyzed because of missing information. The male-to-female ratio was 1.09:1. The age at diagnosis ranges from 16-94 (mean age: 63.3 years). The most common type of skin cancer was basal cell carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The most common anatomical site was the head and neck region. The most common form of treatment modality was surgery. Of the studied patients, 49.6% were cured, 20.2% were in remission, 12.6% relapsed, and 17.6% died. Conclusions This study showed an equal male to female ratio with variant cumulative incidence over the years. Surgery was the most common treatment modality and had the highest curative outcome. Primary care physicians should be probed further to raise awareness and screen their patients to ensure early detection of possible skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattam Almalki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullah M Almalki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Faris Allaf
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullah Alrougi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Al-Hasan H Al-Marzouki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Fayssal Farahat
- Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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Sultana N. Predicting sun protection measures against skin diseases using machine learning approaches. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:758-769. [PMID: 33786953 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substantial growth rate of skin cancer has necessitated adequate protection from solar radiation. Consequently, analyzing sun protection practices is an imperative research area in dermatology and pharmacology. AIMS This paper aims to analyze public sun-protection manners in the Arabian Peninsula regions. METHODS A simple random survey was conducted to assess public sun protection manners. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) were selected from several machine learning algorithms to create the models for predicting public sun protection measures based on the prediction accuracy. Model performances were evaluated based on several performance indicators depending on the confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS 51% of the respondents have a low level, and 49% have a high level of sun protection practices. The results showed that the SVM performed considerably amended than the ANN for predicting the response. The relative importance of the predictors for the best predictive SVM model was also analyzed. The predictors are ranked as: the number of times having sunburnt >gender > use seat belt while driving/riding a vehicle >considers the UV index for personal sun exposure >income based on the expenses >sports/exercise activities >consciousness of the chance for having sunburnt on extended exposure to the sun >age > having any skin problem >nationality > skin type. CONCLUSION These identified significant predictors might be considered for developing an effective policy to increase public consciousness using proper protection from solar radiation's detrimental effect to rule out skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Sultana
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Nahar VK, Wilkerson AH, Pearlman RL, Ferris TS, Zardoost P, Payson SN, Aman I, Quadri SSA, Brodell RT. Skin cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices among the population in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a systematic search and literature review. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 312:533-544. [PMID: 32055931 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common malignancies diagnosed worldwide. In Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, skin cancer remains a significant health burden. Multiple studies have attempted to elucidate patient knowledge and attitudes regarding skin cancer risks and behavioral interventions to reduce risks. A systematic literature search of relevant articles was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Saudi Digital Library databases. A narrative analysis of relevant study results was conducted. A total of 12 studies were reviewed across GCC. These studies revealed common themes among GCC populations. Many study participants were aware that excess sun exposure represents a threat to health and increases cancer risk. Several studies reported sun exposure, with a mean of 19.13 h per week. More studies reported patients engaging in lower or no sunscreen use rather than regular sunscreen use. There are discrepancies in the understanding of sun exposure risk and risk mitigation practices among the study populations. Skin cancer poses a significant burden to patients in GCC countries and improved patient education will enhance population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak K Nahar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street-L216, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine/John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Amanda H Wilkerson
- Department of Human Environmental Sciences, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Ross L Pearlman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street-L216, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Taylor S Ferris
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street-L216, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Pooya Zardoost
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Shirley N Payson
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Iram Aman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine/John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Syed Siraj A Quadri
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Robert T Brodell
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street-L216, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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Al Qahtani S, Aldahash R, BinManie N, Al Assiri M. Pattern of skin cancer in Saudi patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2005 and 2015: A retrospective study. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY & DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_18_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Numerical Analysis of Human Cancer Therapy Using Microwave Ablation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microwave ablation is one type of hyperthermia treatment of cancer that involves heating tumor cells. This technique uses electromagnetic wave effects to kill cancer cells. A micro-coaxial antenna is introduced into the biological tissue. The radiation emitted by the antenna is absorbed by the tissue and leads to the heating of cancer cells. The diffuse increase in temperature should reach a certain value to achieve the treatment of cancer cells but it should be less than a certain other value to avoid damaging normal cells. This is why hyperthermia treatment should be carefully monitored. A numerical simulation is useful and may provide valuable information. The bio-heat equation and Maxwell’s equations are solved using the finite element method. Electro-thermal effects, temperature distribution profile, specific absorption rate (SAR), and fraction of necrotic tissue within cancer cells are analyzed. The results show that SAR and temperature distribution are strongly affected by input microwave power. High microwave power causes a high SAR value and raises the temperature above 50 °C, which may destroy healthy cells. It is revealed that with a power of 10 W, the tumor cells will be killed without damaging the surrounding tissue.
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Al-Ghamdi HS. A novel approach to teaching dermatology and plastic surgery in a combined module for undergraduate medical students. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2019; 10:147-155. [PMID: 31118858 PMCID: PMC6474644 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s191931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Medical students need to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to serve their communities properly. Interdisciplinary integration by merging similar disciplines together at the level of planning and implementation is a novel idea. Objectives: The aim is to describe the methods and steps that were followed to plan and implement a module in dermatology and plastic surgery for the fifth year medical students of Albaha University Faculty of Medicine, to explain how two similar courses can be designed and merged into one module. Methods: We followed the Kern's six steps for curriculum development in order to plan and implement the dermatology and plastic surgery module. Questionnaires were applied to measure the degree of both students and staff satisfactions about all Kern' steps of the dermatology-plastic surgery interdisciplinary course. Non-parametric t-test was used in the statistical results of Likert scale. Results and discussion: According to these steps, the module committee identifies the problem and assesses the needs of the targeted learners. Then, goals and objectives of the module and educational strategies were determined. Finally, the evaluation and feedback were obtained from both faculty and students. Using a Likert scale to measure the degree of the satisfactions among students and staff for Kern'steps, no significant P-value was obtained for course evaluation steps, in contrast to the goals/objectives, educational strategies and implementation steps in which significant P-values were obtained. Conclusion: Implementing Kern's methodology for curriculum development resulted in the integrated module of dermatology and plastic surgery with no major problems at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan S Al-Ghamdi
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Albasri AM, Borhan WM. Histopathological pattern of skin cancer in Western region of Saudi Arabia. An 11 years experience. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:994-998. [PMID: 30284581 PMCID: PMC6201021 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.10.22679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the histopathological pattern of skin cancer in Madinah region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: This is a retrospective study including all cases with a histological diagnosis of skin cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2006 and December 2017. Data included age, gender, site and histology of the tumor were collected from histopathological reports and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21. Results: Among the 202 cancer cases studied in our series, there were 124 (61.4%) cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 33 (16.3%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 14 (6.8%) cases of mycosis fungoides (MF), 12 (5.8%) cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) and 7 (3.7%) cases of malignant melanomas (MM). The male to female ratio for all cases was 2.2:1. The ages ranged from 5 to 100 years with a mean age of 60.1±15 years. The peak age distribution was in the 60-69 year group. The most common site involved in BCC and SCC was the head and neck (92.7% and 66.7%) respectively). Acral distribution of MM was seen in 57.1% of the cases. Conclusion: Our data based on the histopathology history in the Madinah region match that in the world literature and Saudi national studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader M Albasri
- Department of Pathology, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Bais F, Luca RM, Bornman JF, Williamson CE, Sulzberger B, Austin AT, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Madronich S, Neale RE, Yazar S, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Norval M, Takizawa Y, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Neale PJ, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Häder DP, Worrest RC, Zepp RG, Paul ND, Cory RM, Solomon KR, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Redhwi HH, Torikai A, Heikkilä AM. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:127-179. [PMID: 29404558 PMCID: PMC6155474 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bais
- Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. M. Luca
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia
| | - J. F. Bornman
- Curtin Univ., Curtin Business School, Perth, Australia
| | | | - B. Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. T. Austin
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R. E. Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Yazar
- Univ. of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden Univ. Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Norval
- Univ. of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita Univ. School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola Univ., New Orleans, USA
| | - T. M. Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Dept of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - P. J. Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - S. Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, Linnaeus Univ., Kalmar, Sweden
| | - K. C. Rose
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S.-Å. Wängberg
- Dept Marine Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D.-P. Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept of Biology, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - R. C. Worrest
- CIESIN, Columbia Univ., New Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. G. Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - N. D. Paul
- Lanter Environment Centre, Lanter Univ., LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - R. M. Cory
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. R. Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. H. Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Torikai
- Materials Life Society of Japan, Kayabacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide; one in every three diagnosed malignancies is a skin cancer. However, skin cancer is rarely reported in Saudi Arabia so we conducted this study to highlight these underreported neoplasms. OBJECTIVES Determine the prevalence and patterns of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most common types of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) with respect to age, sex, and anatomic location and to identify potentially associated risk factors. DESIGN Retrospective, descriptive medical record review. SETTING A tertiary care centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS We did a retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma and primary squamous cell carcinoma between 2003-2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and pattern of BCC and SCC with respect to age, sex, and anatomic location. RESULTS Of 593 cases reviewed, 279 had NMSC. Most (95%) were diagnosed with BCC or SCC or both in a few cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 59 (19.5) years. Sixty-two percent of the patients were males. However, 24.3% (n=68) of skin cancers occurred in patients younger than 50 years. The frequency of BCC and SCC was 50.2% and 44.8%, respectively. The head and neck was the most common location (79.6%). In patients younger than 50 years, xeroderma pigmentosum and previously treated solid malignancies were the major factors. CONCLUSIONS BCC and SCC are uncommon but not rare. However, skin cancers are underreported in our population. NMSC in individuals younger than 50 years of age requires more careful evaluation of possible risk factors. LIMITATIONS Retrospective in a single tertiary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yousef Binamer
- Dr. Yousef Binamer, MBC 104 Department of Dermatology,, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre,, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia, T: 966-11-4424602, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-7102
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14
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Metformin is associated with decreased skin cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 78:694-700. [PMID: 29246826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, is associated with decreased cancer risk, but its effect on skin cancer is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate skin cancer risk associated with metformin use. METHODS In total, 16,237 matched pairs of ever and never metformin users with new-onset type 2 diabetes diagnosed during 1999-2005 were retrospectively enrolled and followed until December 31, 2011, using Taiwan's National Health Insurance database. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression weighted for propensity scores. RESULTS Skin cancer incidence was 45.59 and 83.90 per 100,000 person-years among ever and never users, respectively (HR 0.540, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.357-0.819). Among ever users, the HRs (95% CIs) for the first (<21.00 months), second (21.00-45.83 months), and third (>45.83 months) cumulative duration tertiles were 0.817 (0.448-1.489), 0.844 (0.504-1.412), and 0.114 (0.036-0.364), respectively, and the HRs (95% CIs) for the first, second, and third cumulative dose tertiles were 1.006 (0.579-1.748), 0.578 (0.317-1.051), and 0.229 (0.099-0.530), respectively. HRs (95% CIs) were 0.523 (0.175-1.562) for melanoma and 0.496 (0.319-0.772) for nonmelanoma skin cancer. LIMITATIONS Few patients had skin cancer and information on ultraviolet light exposure and tumor histopathology was lacking. CONCLUSION Metformin use is associated with a decreased skin cancer risk.
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