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Josefson JL, Kuang A, Allard C, Bianco ME, Lowe W, Scholtens DM, Bouchard L, Hivert MF. Newborn adiposity is associated with cord blood DNA methylation at IGF1R and KLF7. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1923-1933. [PMID: 39165088 PMCID: PMC11421971 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify whether cord blood DNA methylation at specific loci is associated with neonatal adiposity, a key risk factor for childhood obesity. METHODS An epigenome-wide association study was conducted using the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study as a discovery sample. Linear regression models adjusted for maternal and offspring covariates and cell counts were used to analyze associations between neonatal adiposity as measured by sum of three skinfold thicknesses and cord blood DNA methylation. Assays were performed with Illumina EPIC arrays (791,359 CpG sites after quality control). Replication was performed in an independent cohort, Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G). RESULTS In 2740 HAPO samples, significant associations were identified at 89 CpG sites after accounting for multiple testing (Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.05). Replication analyses conducted in 139 Gen3G participants confirmed associations for seven CpG sites. These included IGF1R, which encodes a transmembrane receptor involved in cell growth and survival that binds insulin-like growth factor I and insulin, and KLF7, which encodes a regulator of cell proliferation and inhibitor of adipogenesis; both are key regulators of growth during fetal life. CONCLUSIONS These findings support epigenetic mechanisms in the developmental origins of neonatal adiposity and as potential biomarkers of metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L Josefson
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan Kuang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Monica E Bianco
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lin L, Huang Y, Chen L, Zheng L, Feng Y, Lin J, Yan J. Gestational weight trajectory and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13645. [PMID: 38517119 PMCID: PMC11168372 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectories and their associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A retrospective cohort study including 11,064 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was conducted between 2015 and 2019 in China. The latent class trajectory model was used to identify GWG trajectories, and logistic regression was performed to examine odds ratio (OR) of pregnancy outcomes. Three trajectories of GWG were identified in these 11,604 women with GDM. Trajectory 1: 64.02% of women had sustained moderate GWG throughout pregnancy; Trajectory 2: 17.75% of women showed a high initial GWG but followed by a low GWG from the third trimester until delivery; Trajectory 3: 18.23% had low initial GWG but followed by drastic GWG from the second trimester until delivery. Compared with pregnant women with Trajectory 1, women with Trajectory 2 had a higher risk of large for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.48) but at a lower risk of having hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57-0.96). Women in Trajectory 3 were more likely to develop small for gestational age (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.62-2.78), low birthweight (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07-2.08), preterm birth (AOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.63), caesarean section (AOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.112-1.42) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (AOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.82-2.76). The association of GWG trajectory with adverse pregnancy outcomes differs across prepregnancy body mass index and GWG categories. Women with a slow initial GWG but followed by drastic GWG had higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early clinical recognition of poor GWG trajectory will contribute to early intervention in high-risk groups to minimise adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- Department of Healthcare, Fujian Maternity and Child Health HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Department of Healthcare, Fujian Maternity and Child Health HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Child Healthcare Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lianghui Zheng
- Department of Obstetric, Fujian Maternity and Child Health HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yebin Feng
- Department of Research Office, Fujian Maternity and Child Health HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of Obstetric, Fujian Maternity and Child Health HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Yan
- Department of Obstetric, Fujian Maternity and Child Health HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Page L, Younge N, Freemark M. Hormonal Determinants of Growth and Weight Gain in the Human Fetus and Preterm Infant. Nutrients 2023; 15:4041. [PMID: 37764824 PMCID: PMC10537367 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors controlling linear growth and weight gain in the human fetus and newborn infant are poorly understood. We review here the changes in linear growth, weight gain, lean body mass, and fat mass during mid- and late gestation and the early postnatal period in the context of changes in the secretion and action of maternal, placental, fetal, and neonatal hormones, growth factors, and adipocytokines. We assess the effects of hormonal determinants on placental nutrient delivery and the impact of preterm delivery on hormone expression and postnatal growth and metabolic function. We then discuss the effects of various maternal disorders and nutritional and pharmacologic interventions on fetal and perinatal hormone and growth factor production, growth, and fat deposition and consider important unresolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Page
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Noelle Younge
- Neonatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- The Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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4
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Huang D, Wu Q, Xu X, Ji C, Xia Y, Zhao Z, Dai H, Li H, Gao S, Chang Q, Zhao Y. Maternal Consumption of Milk or Dairy Products During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:900529. [PMID: 35811961 PMCID: PMC9261982 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.900529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to systematically review current evidence and quantitatively evaluate the associations between milk or dairy consumption during pregnancy and birth outcomes. Methods This systematic review had been reported in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A supplementary literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase was conducted on 30 March 2021. Studies that assessed the association of maternal consumption of milk or dairy with birth-related outcomes were identified. The dose-response meta-analyses of continuous data and categorical data were applied. One-stage approach and two-stage approach were used where appropriate. Results In total, 42 studies were eligible for the present systematic review, and 18 of them were included in the outcome-specific meta-analyses. The dose-response meta-analysis [Number of studies (N) = 9] predicted a maximum mean change in birthweight of 63.38 g [95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.08, 126.67] at 5.00 servings per day. Intake of dairy products had the greatest protective effect on small for gestational age at a maximum of 7.2 servings per day [Relative risk (RR) = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.56, 0.85] (N = 7). The risk of large for gestational age was predicted to be maximum at 7.20 servings per day of dairy consumption, with the RR and 95% CI of 1.30 (1.15, 1.46; N = 4). In addition, the relationship between dairy consumption and low birth weight (RR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.33, 1.50; N = 5) and pre-mature birth (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.47; N = 5) was not significant, respectively. Conclusions Maternal consumption of dairy during pregnancy has a potential effect on fetal growth. Further well-designed studies are warranted to clarify the specific roles of individual dairy products. Systematic Review Registration identifier: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020150608
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huixu Dai
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanyan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Zhao
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Wells JCK, Pomeroy E, Stock JT. Evolution of Lactase Persistence: Turbo-Charging Adaptation in Growth Under the Selective Pressure of Maternal Mortality? Front Physiol 2021; 12:696516. [PMID: 34497534 PMCID: PMC8419441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.696516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the capacity to digest milk in some populations represents a landmark in human evolution, linking genetic change with a component of niche construction, namely dairying. Alleles promoting continued activity of the enzyme lactase through the life-course (lactase persistence) evolved in several global regions within the last 7,000 years. In some European regions, these alleles underwent rapid selection and must have profoundly affected fertility or mortality. Elsewhere, alleles spread more locally. However, the functional benefits underlying the rapid spread of lactase persistence remain unclear. Here, we set out the hypothesis that lactase persistence promoted skeletal growth, thereby offering a generic rapid solution to childbirth complications arising from exposure to ecological change, or to new environments through migration. Since reduced maternal growth and greater neonatal size both increase the risk of obstructed labour, any ecological exposure impacting these traits may increase maternal mortality risk. Over many generations, maternal skeletal dimensions could adapt to new ecological conditions through genetic change. However, this adaptive strategy would fail if ecological change was rapid, including through migration into new niches. We propose that the combination of consuming milk and lactase persistence could have reduced maternal mortality by promoting growth of the pelvis after weaning, while high calcium intake would reduce risk of pelvic deformities. Our conceptual framework provides locally relevant hypotheses to explain selection for lactase persistence in different global regions. For any given diet and individual genotype, the combination of lactase persistence and milk consumption would divert more energy to skeletal growth, either increasing pelvic dimensions or buffering them from worsening ecological conditions. The emergence of lactase persistence among dairying populations could have helped early European farmers adapt rapidly to northern latitudes, East African pastoralists adapt to sudden climate shifts to drier environments, and Near Eastern populations counteract secular declines in height associated with early agriculture. In each case, we assume that lactase persistence accelerated the timescale over which maternal skeletal dimensions could change, thus promoting both maternal and offspring survival. Where lactase persistence did not emerge, birth weight was constrained at lower levels, and this contributes to contemporary variability in diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Pomeroy
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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Millward DJ. Interactions between Growth of Muscle and Stature: Mechanisms Involved and Their Nutritional Sensitivity to Dietary Protein: The Protein-Stat Revisited. Nutrients 2021; 13:729. [PMID: 33668846 PMCID: PMC7996181 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood growth and its sensitivity to dietary protein is reviewed within a Protein-Stat model of growth regulation. The coordination of growth of muscle and stature is a combination of genetic programming, and of two-way mechanical interactions involving the mechanotransduction of muscle growth through stretching by bone length growth, the core Protein-Stat feature, and the strengthening of bone through muscle contraction via the mechanostat. Thus, growth in bone length is the initiating event and this is always observed. Endocrine and cellular mechanisms of growth in stature are reviewed in terms of the growth hormone-insulin like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) and thyroid axes and the sex hormones, which together mediate endochondral ossification in the growth plate and bone lengthening. Cellular mechanisms of muscle growth during development are then reviewed identifying (a) the difficulties posed by the need to maintain its ultrastructure during myofibre hypertrophy within the extracellular matrix and the concept of muscle as concentric "bags" allowing growth to be conceived as bag enlargement and filling, (b) the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the mechanotransduction of satellite and mesenchymal stromal cells, to enable both connective tissue remodelling and provision of new myonuclei to aid myofibre hypertrophy and (c) the implications of myofibre hypertrophy for protein turnover within the myonuclear domain. Experimental data from rodent and avian animal models illustrate likely changes in DNA domain size and protein turnover during developmental and stretch-induced muscle growth and between different muscle fibre types. Growth of muscle in male rats during adulthood suggests that "bag enlargement" is achieved mainly through the action of mesenchymal stromal cells. Current understanding of the nutritional regulation of protein deposition in muscle, deriving from experimental studies in animals and human adults, is reviewed, identifying regulation by amino acids, insulin and myofibre volume changes acting to increase both ribosomal capacity and efficiency of muscle protein synthesis via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the phenomenon of a "bag-full" inhibitory signal has been identified in human skeletal muscle. The final section deals with the nutritional sensitivity of growth of muscle and stature to dietary protein in children. Growth in length/height as a function of dietary protein intake is described in the context of the breastfed child as the normative growth model, and the "Early Protein Hypothesis" linking high protein intakes in infancy to later adiposity. The extensive paediatric studies on serum IGF-1 and child growth are reviewed but their clinical relevance is of limited value for understanding growth regulation; a role in energy metabolism and homeostasis, acting with insulin to mediate adiposity, is probably more important. Information on the influence of dietary protein on muscle mass per se as opposed to lean body mass is limited but suggests that increased protein intake in children is unable to promote muscle growth in excess of that linked to genotypic growth in length/height. One possible exception is milk protein intake, which cohort and cross-cultural studies suggest can increase height and associated muscle growth, although such effects have yet to be demonstrated by randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joe Millward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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7
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Mexitalia M, Utari A, Pratiwi R, Dewantiningrum J. Association of cord blood insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin levels and changes in fetal weight gain in the third trimester of pregnancy. J Clin Neonatol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcn.jcn_32_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Bilic M, Qamar H, Onoyovwi A, Korsiak J, Papp E, Al Mahmud A, Weksberg R, Gernand AD, Harrington J, Roth DE. Prenatal vitamin D and cord blood insulin-like growth factors in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:745-753. [PMID: 31071681 PMCID: PMC6547305 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction is linked to adverse health outcomes and is prevalent in low- and middle-income countries; however, determinants of fetal growth are still poorly understood. The objectives were to determine the effect of prenatal vitamin D supplementation on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis at birth, to compare the concentrations of IGF-I in newborns in Bangladesh to a European reference population and to estimate the associations between IGF protein concentrations and birth size. In a randomized controlled trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh, pregnant women enrolled at 17-24 weeks of gestation were assigned to weekly oral vitamin D3 supplementation from enrolment to delivery at doses of 4200 IU/week, 16,800 IU/week, 28,000 IU/week or placebo. In this sub-study, 559 woman-infant pairs were included for analysis and cord blood IGF protein concentrations were quantified at birth. There were no significant effects of vitamin D supplementation on cord blood concentrations of IGF-I (P = 0.398), IGF-II (P = 0.525), binding proteins (BPs) IGFBP-1 (P = 0.170), IGFBP-3 (P = 0.203) or the molar ratio of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 (P = 0.941). In comparison to a European reference population, 6% of girls and 23% of boys had IGF-I concentrations below the 2.5th percentile of the reference population. IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3 and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio were positively associated with at least one anthropometric parameter, whereas IGFBP-1 was negatively associated with birth anthropometry. In conclusion, prenatal vitamin D supplementation does not alter or enhance fetal IGF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bilic
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Huma Qamar
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Akpevwe Onoyovwi
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jill Korsiak
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eszter Papp
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Daniel E Roth
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Correspondence should be addressed to D E Roth:
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Wiley AS. The Evolution of Lactase Persistence: Milk Consumption, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, and Human Life-History Parameters. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/700768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Effects of goat milk fractions on the stability of IGF-I in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Wiley AS, Joshi SM, Lubree HG, Bhat DS, Memane NS, Raut DA, Yajnik CS. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations at 2 years: associations with anthropometry and milk consumption in an Indian cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:564-571. [PMID: 29453428 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To ascertain associations between plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and their molar ratio at 2 y with neonatal size, infant growth, body composition at 2 y, and feeding practices in an Indian cohort. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cohort of 209 newborns, with 122 followed at 2 y. Anthropometry was conducted at birth and 2 y. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were measured in cord blood and at 2 y. Maternal and child diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaires and maternal interviews. Multivariate regression was used to test for associations adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Mean 2 y plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 were 49.4 ng/ml (95% CI: 44.1, 54.8), 1953.8 ng/ml (CI: 1870.6, 2036.9) ng/ml, and 0.088 (CI: 0.081, 0.095), respectively. IGF-I and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 were positively associated with current length, but not body mass index or adiposity. IGF-I was higher among those with greater change in length since birth. IGF-I concentrations were higher in children who drank the most milk (>500 vs. <250 ml per day: 65.6 vs. 42.8 ng/ml, p < 0.04), received other milk <6 months compared to ≥6 months (56.3 vs. 44.8 ng/ml, p < 0.05), and in those whose mothers consumed milk daily vs. less frequently in late pregnancy (56.4 vs. 42.7 ng/ml, p < 0.01). In multivariate regression, 2 y IGF-I concentration and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 were each positively associated with current length and milk intake. IGFBP-3 was not related to anthropometry or milk intake. CONCLUSIONS Plasma IGF-I concentrations and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 at 2 y are positively associated with length at 2 y and current milk intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Wiley
- Anthropology Department and Human Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Suyog M Joshi
- Kamalanayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, KEM Hospital Research Centre, KEM Hospital, 6th floor Banoo Coyaji Building, Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, 411011, Maharashtra, India
| | - Himangi G Lubree
- Kamalanayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, KEM Hospital Research Centre, KEM Hospital, 6th floor Banoo Coyaji Building, Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, 411011, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dattatray S Bhat
- Kamalanayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, KEM Hospital Research Centre, KEM Hospital, 6th floor Banoo Coyaji Building, Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, 411011, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neelam S Memane
- Kamalanayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, KEM Hospital Research Centre, KEM Hospital, 6th floor Banoo Coyaji Building, Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, 411011, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepa A Raut
- Kamalanayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, KEM Hospital Research Centre, KEM Hospital, 6th floor Banoo Coyaji Building, Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, 411011, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chittaranjan S Yajnik
- Kamalanayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, KEM Hospital Research Centre, KEM Hospital, 6th floor Banoo Coyaji Building, Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, 411011, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Switkowski KM, Jacques PF, Must A, Hivert MF, Fleisch A, Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman S, Oken E. Higher Maternal Protein Intake during Pregnancy Is Associated with Lower Cord Blood Concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-II, IGF Binding Protein 3, and Insulin, but Not IGF-I, in a Cohort of Women with High Protein Intake. J Nutr 2017; 147:1392-1400. [PMID: 28592512 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.250589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prenatal exposure to dietary protein may program growth-regulating hormones, consequently influencing early-life growth patterns and later risk of associated chronic diseases. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is of particular interest in this context given its influence on pre- and postnatal growth and its sensitivity to the early nutritional environment.Objective: Our objective was to examine associations of maternal protein intake during pregnancy with cord blood concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and insulin.Methods: We studied 938 mother-child pairs from early pregnancy through delivery in the Project Viva cohort. Using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, parity, height, and gestational weight gain and for child sex, we examined associations of second-trimester maternal protein intake [grams per kilogram (weight before pregnancy) per day], as reported on a food frequency questionnaire, with IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, and insulin concentrations in cord blood. We also examined how these associations may differ by child sex and parity.Results: Mothers were predominantly white (71%), college-educated (64%), and nonsmokers (67%). Mean ± SD protein intake was 1.35 ± 0.35 g ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ d-1 Each 1-SD increment in second-trimester protein intake corresponded to a change of -0.50 ng/mL (95% CI: -2.26, 1.26 ng/mL) in IGF-I and -0.91 μU/mL (95% CI: -1.45, -0.37 μU/mL) in insulin. Child sex and parity modified associations of maternal protein intake with IGF-II and IGFBP-3: protein intake was inversely associated with IGF-II in girls (P-interaction = 0.04) and multiparous mothers (P-interaction = 0.05), and with IGFBP-3 in multiparous mothers (P-interaction = 0.04).Conclusions: In a cohort of pregnant women with relatively high mean protein intakes, higher intake was associated with lower concentrations of growth-promoting hormones in cord blood, suggesting a pathway that may link higher protein intake to lower fetal growth. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Switkowski
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, .,Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy.,Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, and
| | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Abby Fleisch
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA.,Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, and Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Sheryl Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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13
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Rifas-Shiman SL, Fleisch A, Hivert MF, Mantzoros C, Gillman MW, Oken E. First and second trimester gestational weight gains are most strongly associated with cord blood levels of hormones at delivery important for glycemic control and somatic growth. Metabolism 2017; 69:112-119. [PMID: 28285640 PMCID: PMC5354298 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for mothers and offspring. Early, mid, and late pregnancy GWGs have different associations with fetal growth and later life adiposity, but associations with cord blood hormones, which might predict later health, are not well studied. METHODS In 978 pregnant women from the pre-birth Project Viva cohort, we calculated trimester-specific GWG using clinically recorded prenatal weights. Outcomes were levels of umbilical cord blood hormones related to fetal and postnatal growth. We used linear regression models adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, education, pregnancy smoking status and child sex; 2nd and 3rd trimester models were additionally adjusted for GWG in prior trimesters. RESULTS Mean±SD pre-pregnancy BMI was 24.9±5.5kg/m2, 30% were non-white, and 63% were college graduates. Mean±SD cord blood hormone levels were insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-1 (56.4±24.3ng/mL), IGF-2 (408.5±92.7ng/mL), IGFBP-3 (1084±318ng/mL), insulin (6.5±7.2 uU/mL), C-peptide (1.0±0.6ng/mL), leptin (9.0±6.6ng/mL) and adiponectin (28.7±6.8μg/mL). Mean±SD 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester GWG rates were 0.22±0.22, 0.49±0.19 and 0.46±0.22kg/wk. Greater 1st trimester GWG (per 0.2kg/wk) was associated with higher insulin (0.5 uU/mL; 95% CI 0.1, 0.9) and C-peptide (0.06ng/mL; 95% CI 0.02, 0.09) and lower adiponectin (-0.4μg/mL; 95% CI -0.9, 0.0). Greater 2nd trimester GWG (per 0.2kg/wk) was associated with higher IGF-1 (2.3ng/mL; 95% CI 0.6, 4.0), IGF-2 (7.9ng/mL; 95% CI 1.2, 14.6), IGFBP-3 (41.6ng/mL; 95% CI 19.4, 63.7) and leptin (0.9ng/mL; 0.4, 1.4). 3rd trimester GWG was not associated with cord blood hormones. CONCLUSION 1st trimester weight gain appears to matter more for cord blood hormones related to offspring glucose/insulin regulation, whereas 2nd trimester gain matters more for hormones related to growth and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Abby Fleisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew W Gillman
- Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Oken E, Morton-Eggleston E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Switkowski KM, Hivert MF, Fleisch AF, Mantzoros C, Gillman MW. Sex-Specific Associations of Maternal Gestational Glycemia with Hormones in Umbilical Cord Blood at Delivery. Am J Perinatol 2016; 33:1273-1281. [PMID: 27490771 PMCID: PMC5080532 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1586509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined sex-specific associations of maternal gestational glycemia with cord blood hormones, which might predict later health. Methods In 976 women without pre-existing diabetes in the Project Viva cohort, we used linear regression to examine associations of maternal gestational glycemia with cord hormone concentrations, adjusted for maternal characteristics and stratified by infant sex. Results A total of 6.1% of women had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 8.8% isolated hyperglycemia, 3.2% gestational impaired glucose tolerance, and 81.9% were normoglycemic. In boys, compared with infants of normoglycemic mothers, infants of GDM mothers had higher cord levels of IGF-2 (β 35.55 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.60, 68.50), IGFBP-3 (111.2 ng/mL; 5.53, 216.8), insulin (4.66 uU/mL; 2.38, 6.95), C-peptide (0.46 ng/mL; 0.25, 0.67), and leptin (3.51 ng/mL; 1.37, 5.64), but lower IGF-1 (-6.71 ng/mL; -12.7, - 0.76, adjusted for IGFBP-3). In girls, GDM offspring had higher cord blood levels of IGF-1 adjusted for IGFBP-3 (12.45 ng/mL; 4.85, 20.04). Boys, but not girls, of mothers with abnormal glucose tolerance but not GDM also had higher levels of some hormones. Conclusion GDM was associated with growth factors and adipokines in cord blood from boys, but only IGF-1 in girls. These findings suggest sex differences in responses to fetal overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA
| | - Emma Morton-Eggleston
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen M. Switkowski
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Abby F. Fleisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Matthew W. Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA
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15
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Kadakia R, Ma M, Josefson JL. Neonatal adiposity increases with rising cord blood IGF-1 levels. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:70-5. [PMID: 26945928 PMCID: PMC7036289 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infants with higher adiposity at birth may be at greater risk of developing obesity later in life. IGF-1 is important for intrauterine growth and may be a useful early life marker of adiposity, and thus later obesity risk. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cord blood IGF-1, neonatal anthropometrics and markers of neonatal adiposity. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS A cross-sectional study design was utilized to study a multiethnic cohort of full-term neonates born to healthy mothers with normal glucose tolerance at a large university hospital. Neonatal cord blood was collected after birth and assayed for IGF-1, leptin and C-peptide. Neonatal body composition was measured between 24 and 72 h of life using the method of air displacement plethysmography. RESULTS Cord blood IGF-1 was positively and significantly associated with markers of neonatal adiposity in models adjusted for maternal age at delivery, race, maternal prepregnancy BMI, gestational age at delivery and neonatal sex: birthweight (r = 0·62, P < 0·001), leptin (r = 0·33, P = 0·018), fat mass (r = 0·52, P < 0·001) and percent body fat (r = 0·51, P < 0·001). Cord blood IGF-1 was not associated with cord blood C-peptide. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood IGF-1 is strongly associated with all measures of neonatal adiposity suggesting that IGF-1 may be an important contributor to in utero neonatal fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kadakia
- Division of Endocrinology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madeleine Ma
- Biostatistics Collaboration Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jami L. Josefson
- Division of Endocrinology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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