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Szydlowska-Gladysz J, Gorecka AE, Stepien J, Rysz I, Ben-Skowronek I. IGF-1 and IGF-2 as Molecules Linked to Causes and Consequences of Obesity from Fetal Life to Adulthood: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3966. [PMID: 38612776 PMCID: PMC11012406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) on various aspects of children's health-from the realms of growth and puberty to the nuanced characteristics of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, liver pathology, carcinogenic potential, and cardiovascular disorders. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, with a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method employing specific keywords related to child health, obesity, and insulin-like growth factors. This study reveals associations between insulin-like growth factor 1 and birth weight, early growth, and adiposity. Moreover, insulin-like growth factors play a pivotal role in regulating bone development and height during childhood, with potential implications for puberty onset. This research uncovers insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it also highlights the association between insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and cancer. Additionally, this research explores the impact of insulin-like growth factors on cardiovascular health, noting their role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Insulin-like growth factors play vital roles in human physiology, influencing growth and development from fetal stages to adulthood. The impact of maternal obesity on children's IGF levels is complex, influencing growth and carrying potential metabolic consequences. Imbalances in IGF levels are linked to a range of health conditions (e.g., insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes), prompting researchers to seek novel therapies and preventive strategies, offering challenges and opportunities in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szydlowska-Gladysz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology with Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Iwona Ben-Skowronek
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology with Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Diaz EC, Williams DK, Howie EK, Børsheim E, Andres A. Offspring sex modifies the association between early-pregnancy adiposity and 2-year-old physical activity-The Glowing Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:542-549. [PMID: 38245658 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent models suggest that in utero exposure to under and overnutrition programs offspring physical activity (PA) behaviors. Such nexus has not been established in humans. This study evaluated the association of early pregnancy maternal adiposity with offspring PA at age 2 years (2-yo-PA) taking into consideration prenatal and postnatal factors. METHODS Women (n = 153) were enrolled early in pregnancy (<10 weeks). At enrollment, maternal adiposity [air displacement plethysmography, fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2)] and PA (accelerometers, activity counts) were measured, and age, race, and education self-reported. Gestational weight gain was measured at the research facility. Offspring birthweight and sex were self-reported. At age 2 years, parental feeding practices (child feeding questionnaire) were assessed, whereas anthropometrics (length and weight) and physical activity (accelerometers) were objectively measured. Offspring body mass index z-scores were calculated. Generalized linear regression analysis modeled the association of maternal FMI and 2-yo-PA [average activity counts (AC)4/day]. RESULTS In bivariate associations, 2-yo-PA did not associate with maternal FMI (β = -0.22, CI = -0.73 to 0.29, p = 0.398). However, maternal FMI interacted with offspring sex in association with 2-yo-PA. Specifically, 2-yo-PA was lower in girls (β = -1.14, CI = -2.1 to -0.18, p = 0.02) compared to boys when maternal FMI was ≥7 kg/m2. When stratified by sex, 2-yo-PA of girls negatively associated with maternal FMI (β = -0.82, CI = -1.43 to 0.29, p = 0.009) while no association was found between maternal FMI and boy's PA (β = 0.32, CI = -0.38 to 1.01, p = 0.376). CONCLUSIONS The association of 2-yo-PA and early pregnancy maternal adiposity was modified by offspring sex. Offspring's physical activity decreased with increasing early pregnancy adiposity maternal in girls but not boys in second parity dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Diaz
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - David K Williams
- Department of Biostatistics in the Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Sparks JR, Redman LM, Drews KL, Sims CR, Krukowski RA, Andres A. Healthful Eating Behaviors among Couples Contribute to Lower Gestational Weight Gain. Nutrients 2024; 16:822. [PMID: 38542733 PMCID: PMC10974170 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Through longitudinal analysis from the GLOWING cohort study, we examined the independent and joint relationships between couples' eating behaviors and gestational weight gain (GWG). Pregnant persons (n = 218) and their non-pregnant partners (n = 157) completed an Eating Inventory. GWG was calculated as gestation weight at 36 weeks minus that at 10 weeks. General linear models were used to examine the relationships between GWG and the pregnant persons, non-pregnant partners, and couples (n = 137; mean of pregnant persons and non-pregnant partners) cognitive restraint (range 0-21), dietary disinhibition (range 0-18), and perceived hunger (range 0-14), with higher scores reflecting poorer eating behaviors. The adjusted models included race/ethnicity, education, income, marital status, and age. The pregnant persons and their non-pregnant partners' cognitive restraint, dietary disinhibition, and perceived hunger scores were 9.8 ± 4.7, 4.8 ± 3.2, and 4.4 ± 2.5 and 6.6 ± 4.6, 5.4 ± 3.4, and 4.7 ± 3.2, respectively. Higher cognitive restraint scores among the pregnant persons and couples were positively associated with GWG (p ≤ 0.04 for both). Stratified analyses revealed this was significant for the pregnant persons with overweight (p ≤ 0.04). The non-pregnant partners' eating behaviors alone were not significantly associated with GWG (p ≥ 0.31 for all). The other explored relationships between GWG and the couples' eating behaviors were insignificant (p ≥ 0.12 for all). Among the pregnant persons and couples, reduced GWG may be achieved with higher levels of restrained eating. Involving non-pregnant partners in programs to optimize GWG may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Sparks
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.R.S.); (L.M.R.); (K.L.D.)
- Expeditionary and Cognitive Sciences Research Group, Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center, Leidos Inc. (Contract), San Diego, CA 92152, USA
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.R.S.); (L.M.R.); (K.L.D.)
| | - Kimberly L. Drews
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.R.S.); (L.M.R.); (K.L.D.)
| | - Clark R. Sims
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | | | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Moon RJ, D’Angelo S, Holroyd CR, Crozier SR, Godfrey KM, Davies JH, Cooper C, Harvey NC. Parent-Offspring Associations in Body Composition: Findings From the Southampton Women's Survey Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e726-e733. [PMID: 36943299 PMCID: PMC10438875 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Children born to parents who are overweight or obese have a high risk of adult obesity, but it is unclear if transgenerational associations relating to unfavorable body composition differ by parent. OBJECTIVE To examine differential mother-offspring and father-offspring associations in body composition in early childhood. METHODS A total of 240 mother-father-offspring trios from a prospective UK population-based pre-birth cohort (Southampton Women's Survey) were included for anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessment of whole-body-less-head body composition in the offspring at 3 different ages (4, 6-7, and 8-9 years) and in the mother and father at the 8- to 9-year offspring visit. Associations were assessed using linear regression adjusting for the other parent. RESULTS Positive associations between mother-daughter body mass index (BMI) and fat mass were observed at ages 6 to 7 (BMI: β = .29 SD/SD, 95% CI = .10, .48; fat mass β = .27 SD/SD, 95% CI = .05, .48) and 8 to 9 years (BMI: β = .33 SD/SD, 95% CI = .13, .54; fat mass β = .31 SD/SD, 95% CI = .12, .49), with similar associations at age 4 years but bounding the 95% CI. The mother-son, father-son, and father-daughter associations for BMI and fat mass were weaker at each of the ages studied. CONCLUSION A strong association between the fat mass of mothers and their daughters but not their sons was observed. In contrast, father-offspring body composition associations were not evident. The dimorphic parent-offspring effects suggest particular attention should be given to early prevention of unfavorable body composition in girls born to mothers with excess adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Moon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stefania D’Angelo
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christopher R Holroyd
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sarah R Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Innovation Centre, Southampton, SO16 7NP, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Kracht CL, Redman LM, Bellando J, Krukowski RA, Andres A. Association between maternal and infant screen time with child growth and development: A longitudinal study. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13033. [PMID: 37005344 PMCID: PMC10337477 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary screen time is an early, modifiable risk factor for obesity and poor child development. OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between maternal and infant screen time with child growth and development. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited for a cohort study related to maternal and infant development. Screen time was assessed in mothers during pregnancy, and subsequently in children at 3 months, 12 months, and 24 months of age. Child anthropometry was measured, and nuclear magnetic resonance quantified child fat mass. Fat mass index (FMI) was calculated. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III were used to assess child development. Linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between screen time and child growth and development, adjusted for covariates and stratified by sex. RESULTS Mother/child dyads (n = 89) were mainly white (92.1%), and half were boys (52%). Both sexes increased screen time between 12 months and 24 months (ps <0.05). Child screen time was positively associated with FMI and negatively associated with development scores. In adjusted models, screen time was positively associated with FMI in boys, and meeting the screen time guideline was associated with lower FMI in girls. CONCLUSION Greater infant screen time was related to higher adiposity. Though few relationships emerged, a cautionary approach to screen time early in life may benefit child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L. Kracht
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Jayne Bellando
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202
| | - Rebecca A. Krukowski
- University of Virginia, Department of Public Health Sciences, 200 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Aline Andres
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202
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Versele V, Stas L, Aerenhouts D, Deliens T, Clarys P, Gucciardo L, Bogaerts A, Devlieger R. Changes in maternal and paternal body composition during the transition to parenthood (TRANSPARENTS). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:225-233. [PMID: 36471905 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transition to parenthood might negatively influence health-related behavior and can result in increased adiposity. The aim of this study was to investigate how body composition in mother-father dyads changes from pregnancy up to 6 months post partum. METHODS Anthropometrics were collected from 144 nulliparous couples at 12 weeks of gestation (PG12) and 6 weeks (PP6WK) and 6 months (PP6M) post partum. A longitudinal dyadic confirmatory factor analysis model was used to analyze changes in body composition. Body composition was treated as a latent variable using BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference as indicators. RESULTS For women, latent means increased at 6 weeks post partum (PP6WK - PG12: +1.115, SE: 0.117, p < 0.001), decreased again at 6 months post partum (PP6M - PP6WK: -0.368, SE: 0.107, p < 0.001), but remained above baseline levels (PP6M - PG12: +0.747; SE: 0.115, p < 0.001). For men, the latent means at follow-up were higher than at baseline (PP6WK-PG12: +0.370, SE: 0.075; PP6M-PG12: +0.366, SE: 0.084, both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increases in latent means correspond to unfavorable changes in BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. These changes were observed from the beginning of pregnancy up to 6 months post partum. Weight management for both women and men during pregnancy and the early postpartum period is recommended and fathers should be included in pre- and postnatal standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickà Versele
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lara Stas
- Support for Quantitative and Qualitative Research (SQUARE), Core Facility, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Aerenhouts
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Deliens
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Gucciardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Fertility, GZA Campus Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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Pebley K, Farage G, Hare ME, Bursac Z, Andres A, Chowdhury SMR, Talcott GW, Krukowski RA. Changes in self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity among pregnant TRICARE Beneficiaries. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2029. [PMID: 36336697 PMCID: PMC9638321 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is recommended for all pregnant individuals and can prevent excessive gestational weight gain. However, physical activity has not been assessed among military personnel and other TRICARE beneficiaries, who experience unique military lifestyles. The current study assessed physical activity among pregnant TRICARE beneficiaries, both active duty and non-active duty, as measured by accelerometry and self-report data to examine potential predictors of physical activity engagement in the third trimester, and if self-report data was consistent with accelerometry data. We expected having a lower BMI, being active-duty, and having higher baseline physical activity engagement to be associated with higher physical activity at 32-weeks. We also hypothesized that accelerometry data would show lower physical activity levels than the self-reported measure. Methods Participants were 430 TRICARE adult beneficiaries (204 Active Duty; 226 non-Active Duty) in San Antonio, TX who were part of a randomized controlled parent study that implemented a stepped-care behavioral intervention. Participants were recruited if they were less than 12-weeks gestation and did not have health conditions precluding dietary or physical activity changes (e.g., uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions) or would contribute to weight changes. Participants completed self-report measures and wore an Actical Activity Monitor accelerometer on their wrist to collect physical activity data at baseline and 32-weeks gestation. Results Based on the accelerometer data, 99% of participants were meeting moderate physical activity guidelines recommending 150 min of moderate activity per week at baseline, and 96% were meeting this recommendation at 32-weeks. Based on self-report data, 88% of participants at baseline and 92% at 32-weeks met moderate physical activity recommendations. Linear regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models indicated that baseline physical activity engagement predicted moderate physical activity later in pregnancy above and beyond BMI and military status. Surprisingly, self-reported data, but not accelerometer data, showed that higher baseline activity was associated with decreased vigorous activity at 32-weeks gestation. Additionally, self-report and accelerometry data had small correlations at baseline, but not at 32-weeks. Conclusions Future intervention efforts may benefit from intervening with individuals with lower pre-pregnancy activity levels, as those who are active seem to continue this habit. Trial Registration The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 03057808).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsey Pebley
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gregory Farage
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marion E Hare
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zoran Bursac
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - G Wayne Talcott
- Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, University of Virginia Cancer Center, PO Box 800765, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Rebecca A Krukowski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, University of Virginia Cancer Center, PO Box 800765, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA.
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Nguyen G, Hayes L, Ngongalah L, Bigirumurame T, Gaudet L, Odeniyi A, Flynn A, Crowe L, Skidmore B, Simon A, Smith V, Heslehurst N. Association between maternal adiposity measures and infant health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13491. [PMID: 35801513 PMCID: PMC9539955 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases risks of adverse fetal and infant outcomes. Guidelines use body mass index to diagnose maternal obesity. Evidence suggests body fat distribution might better predict individual risk, but there is a lack of robust evidence during pregnancy. We explored associations between maternal adiposity and infant health. Searches included six databases, references, citations, and contacting authors. Screening and quality assessment were carried out by two authors independently. Random effects meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted. We included 34 studies (n = 40,143 pregnancies). Meta-analysis showed a significant association between maternal fat-free mass and birthweight (average effect [AE] 18.07 g, 95%CI 12.75, 23.38) but not fat mass (AE 8.76 g, 95%CI -4.84, 22.36). Women with macrosomic infants had higher waist circumference than controls (mean difference 4.93 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 8.82). There was no significant association between subcutaneous fat and large for gestational age (odds ratio 1.06 95% CI 0.91, 1.25). Waist-to-hip ratio, neck circumference, skinfolds, and visceral fat were significantly associated with several infant outcomes including small for gestational age, preterm delivery, neonatal morbidity, and mortality, although meta-analysis was not possible for these variables. Our findings suggest that some measures of maternal adiposity may be useful for risk prediction of infant outcomes. Individual participant data meta-analysis could overcome some limitations in our ability to pool published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Nguyen
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise Hayes
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lem Ngongalah
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Laura Gaudet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adefisayo Odeniyi
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Angela Flynn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Crowe
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Becky Skidmore
- Independent Information Specialist, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikki Smith
- Nursing, Midwifery & Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola Heslehurst
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Newborn Body Composition: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127127. [PMID: 35742376 PMCID: PMC9222359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current literature demonstrates that not only is exercise during pregnancy safe, but it has substantial maternal and infant benefits and appears to influence infant growth/size throughout pregnancy and at birth. However, many existing studies have investigated only the effects of prenatal exercise on birth weight. The purpose of this review was to determine the impact or association of maternal physical activity during pregnancy on neonatal body composition assessed between birth and two weeks of age. Electronic database searches were conducted on 29 July 2019 for randomized control trials and cohort studies, with an updated search completed on 8 January 2021. A total of 32 articles that met eligibility criteria were selected for review. Overall, prenatal exercise was not associated with infant body composition at birth. Yet, five of the studies identified suggest that infant body composition could be influenced by higher volumes of mid-to-late term prenatal physical activity. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (Registration No. CRD42020160138).
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The impact of neonatal parameters and parental factors on body fat level in early childhood. J Biosoc Sci 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35297360 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932022000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parental and pregnancy characteristics can affect proportions and tissue composition of the child's bodyand thereforecan influence their present and future health, as well as overall wellbeing. The aim of this study was to examine the differences between selected parental and birth-related parameters among preschool (3-7 years of age) children of varying adiposity status (n=541 girls and n=571 boys).The research was carried out in 20 randomly selected kindergartens in Krakow (Poland). Thickness of 6 skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf) was measured. Sum of skinfolds was calculated and participants were divided into low, normal or high body fat groups. Birth-related characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by the children's parents. Children of mothers who gained the most gestational weight were characterised by high adiposity. Preschoolers with the highest birth weight, body length and head circumference had the greatest adiposity. Children of relatively younger mothers had higher body fat, in comparison to the rest of the study group. Parents of preschoolers in the high adiposity category were characterised by a greater body mass, compared to the parents of children in other body fat groups and that boys with the highest adiposity relatively more often had a close relative with obesity. Children in varying adiposity categories differed in terms of some birth-related factors. Particular attention should be paid to familial and parental characteristics, because they may influence the child's predisposition to excess adiposity deposition later in life.
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Ruebel ML, Gilley SP, Sims CR, Zhong Y, Turner D, Chintapalli SV, Piccolo BD, Andres A, Shankar K. Associations between Maternal Diet, Body Composition and Gut Microbial Ecology in Pregnancy. Nutrients 2021; 13:3295. [PMID: 34579172 PMCID: PMC8468685 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal body composition, gestational weight gain (GWG) and diet quality influence offspring obesity risk. While the gut microbiome is thought to play a crucial role, it is understudied in pregnancy. Using a longitudinal pregnancy cohort, maternal anthropometrics, body composition, fecal microbiome and dietary intake were assessed at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Fecal samples (n = 101, 98 and 107, at each trimester, respectively) were utilized for microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Data analysis included alpha- and beta-diversity measures and assessment of compositional changes using MaAsLin2. Correlation analyses of serum metabolic and anthropometric markers were performed against bacterial abundance and predicted functional pathways. α-diversity was unaltered by pregnancy stage or maternal obesity status. Actinobacteria, Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus and Anaerotuncus abundances were associated with gestation stage. Maternal obesity status was associated with increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Bilophila, Dialister and Roseburia. Maternal BMI, fat mass, triglyceride and insulin levels were positively associated with Bilophila. Correlations of bacterial abundance with diet intake showed that Ruminococcus and Paraprevotella were associated with total fat and unsaturated fatty acid intake, while Collinsella and Anaerostipes were associated with protein intake. While causal relationships remain unclear, collectively, these findings indicate pregnancy- and maternal obesity-dependent interactions between dietary factors and the maternal gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L. Ruebel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.L.R.); (S.P.G.)
| | - Stephanie P. Gilley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.L.R.); (S.P.G.)
| | - Clark R. Sims
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (C.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (D.T.); (S.V.C.); (B.D.P.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ying Zhong
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (C.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (D.T.); (S.V.C.); (B.D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Donald Turner
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (C.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (D.T.); (S.V.C.); (B.D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (C.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (D.T.); (S.V.C.); (B.D.P.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Brian D. Piccolo
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (C.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (D.T.); (S.V.C.); (B.D.P.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (C.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (D.T.); (S.V.C.); (B.D.P.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.L.R.); (S.P.G.)
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Mathew J, Huang SC, Dumolt JH, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Maternal hypercholesterolemia programs dyslipidemia in adult male mouse progeny. Reproduction 2021; 160:1-10. [PMID: 32272447 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a collection of metabolic abnormalities including inflammation, insulin resistance, hypertension, hormone imbalance, and dyslipidemia, maternal obesity has been well-documented to program disease risk in adult offspring. Although hypercholesterolemia is strongly associated with obesity, less work has examined the programming influence of maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) independent of maternal obesity or high-fat feeding. This study was conducted to characterize how MHC per se impacts lipid metabolism in offspring. Female (n = 6/group) C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to: (1.) a standard chow diet (Control, CON) or (2.) the CON diet supplemented with exogenous cholesterol (CH) (0.15%, w/w) throughout mating and the gestation and lactation periods. At weaning (postnatal day (PND) 21) and adulthood (PND 84), male offspring were characterized for blood lipid and lipoprotein profile and hepatic lipid endpoints, namely cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, fatty acid profile, TG production, and mRNA expression of lipid-regulatory genes. Both newly weaned and adult offspring from CH mothers demonstrated increased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle number and size and hepatic TG and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation. Further, adult CH offspring exhibited reduced fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and increased diglyceride acyltransferase (Dgat1) mRNA expression. These programming effects appear to be independent of changes in hepatic TG production and postprandial lipid clearance. Study results suggest that MHC, independent of obesity or high-fat feeding, can induce early changes to serum VLDL distribution and hepatic lipid profile that persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Mathew
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sze-Chi Huang
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Alja'nini Z, McNelis KM, Viswanathan S, Goddard GR, Merlino-Barr S, Collin M, Groh-Wargo S. Infant body composition assessment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using air displacement plethysmography: Strategies for implementation into clinical workflow. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:212-222. [PMID: 34024517 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional management is integral to infant care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Recent research on body composition that specifically evaluated fat and fat-free mass has improved our understanding of infant growth and nutritional requirements. The need for body composition monitoring in infants is increasingly recognized as changes in fat mass and fat-free mass associated with early growth can impact clinical outcomes. With the availability of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as a noninvasive method for assessing infant body composition and published normative gestational age- and sex-specific body composition curves, it is justifiable to integrate this innovation into routine clinical care. Here we describe our experiences in implementing body composition measurement using ADP in routine clinical care in different NICU settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineh Alja'nini
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center Affiliated with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kera Michelle McNelis
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sreekanth Viswanathan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Gillian R Goddard
- Division of Pediatric and General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Merlino-Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center Affiliated with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marc Collin
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center Affiliated with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sharon Groh-Wargo
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center Affiliated with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Gallagher D, Andres A, Fields DA, Evans WJ, Kuczmarski R, Lowe WL, Lumeng JC, Oken E, Shepherd JA, Sun S, Heymsfield SB. Body Composition Measurements from Birth through 5 Years: Challenges, Gaps, and Existing & Emerging Technologies-A National Institutes of Health workshop. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13033. [PMID: 32314544 PMCID: PMC7875319 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Body composition estimates are widely used in clinical research and field studies as measures of energy-nutrient balance, functionality and health. Despite their broad relevance and multiple applications, important gaps remain in techniques available for accurately and precisely quantifying body composition in infants and children from birth through 5 years. Identifying these gaps and highlighting research needs in this age group were the topics of a National Institutes of Health workshop held in Bethesda, MD, USA, 30-31 May 2019. Experts reviewed available methods (multicompartment models, air-displacement plethysmography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight-length and height indices, bioimpedance analysis, anthropometry-skinfold techniques, quantitative magnetic resonance, optical imaging, omics and D3-creatine dilution), their limitations in this age range and high priority research needs. A summary of their individual and collective workshop deliberations is provided in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dympna Gallagher
- New York Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - David A Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert Kuczmarski
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Shumei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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