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Park ES, Hwang YS, Ryu HW, Yoon HR, Kim JT, Lim JS, Cho HJ, Lee HG. Paulownin elicits anti-tumor effects by enhancing NK cell cytotoxicity through JNK pathway activation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1439079. [PMID: 39295927 PMCID: PMC11408334 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1439079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Paulownin, a natural compound derived from Paulownia tomentosa wood, exhibits various physiological functions, including anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects. However, the impact of paulownin on natural killer (NK) cell immune activity remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of paulownin on NK cell activity both in vitro and in vivo, and explored its potential mechanisms. NK-92 cells were used for in vitro experiments and a BALB/c mouse model with B16F10 cells injected subcutaneously were used for in vivo anti-tumor analysis. We found that paulownin enhanced the cytolytic activity of NK-92 cells against leukemia, human colon, and human lung cancer cell lines. Paulownin treatment increased the expression of the degranulation marker protein CD107a and cytolytic granules, including granzyme B and perforin in NK-92 cells. Moreover, these enhancements of cytotoxicity and the expression of cytolytic granules induced by paulownin were also observed in human primary NK cells. Signaling studies showed that paulownin promoted the phosphorylation of JNK. The increased perforin expression and elevated cytotoxic activity induced by paulownin were effectively inhibited by pre-treatment with a JNK inhibitor. In vivo studies demonstrated that the administration of paulownin suppressed the growth of B16F10 melanoma cells allografted into mice. Paulownin administration promoted the activation of NK cells in the spleen of mice, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells. Moreover, the anti-tumor effects of paulownin were reduced upon the depletion of NK cells. Therefore, these results suggest that paulownin enhances NK cell cytotoxicity by activating the JNK signaling pathway and provide significant implications for developing new strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Sep Hwang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Science and the Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Gostyńska A, Buzun K, Żółnowska I, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Mańkowska-Wierzbicka D, Jelińska A, Stawny M. Natural bioactive compounds-The promising candidates for the treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1952-1971. [PMID: 39032247 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-saving procedure conducted to maintain a proper nutritional state in patients with severe intestinal failure who cannot be fed orally. A serious complication of PN therapy is liver failure, known as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). The pathogenesis of IFALD is multifactorial and includes inhibition of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) by PN components, bacteria translocation from impaired intestines, and intravenous line-associated bloodstream infection. Currently, the most frequently researched therapeutic option for IFALD is using lipid emulsions based on soy or fish oil and, therefore, free from phytosterols known as FXR antagonists. Nevertheless, the potential side effects of the lack of soybean oil delivery seem to outweigh the benefits, especially in the pediatric population. PN admixture provides all the necessary nutrients; however, it is deprived of exogenous natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) of plant origin, such as polyphenols, characterized by health-promoting properties. Among them, many substances have already been known to demonstrate the hepatoprotective effect in various liver diseases. Therefore, searching for new therapeutic options for IFALD among NBCs seems reasonable and potentially successful. This review summarizes the recent research on polyphenols and their use in treating various liver diseases, especially metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD). Furthermore, based on scientific reports, we have described the molecular mechanism of action of selected NBCs that exert hepatoprotective properties. We also summarized the current knowledge on IFALD pathogenesis, described therapeutic options undergoing clinical trials, and presented the future perspective of the potential use of NBCs in PN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gostyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kamila Buzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Izabela Żółnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Jelińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Stawny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Lin C, Lyu J, Feng Z. Intake of dietary flavonoids in relation to overactive bladder among U.S. adults: a nutritional strategy for improving urinary health. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1437923. [PMID: 39114124 PMCID: PMC11303291 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1437923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing influence of overactive bladder (OAB) on physical as well as mental health of individuals is becoming more pronounced annually, as evidenced by the urge urinary incontinence and nocturia. Symptoms in OAB patients may be influenced by inflammation and oxidative stress. Flavonoids are recognized as significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, which are commonly available in fruits, tea, vegetables, etc. Previous research has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of flavonoids and their subclasses in treating inflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite this, there remains a paucity of research exploring the potential correlation between flavonoid consumption, specifically within distinct subclasses, and OAB. Thus, our study aims to investigate the relationship between flavonoid intake and OAB to identify possible dietary interventions for OAB management. Methods We utilized the survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of total and subclass flavonoids and the risk of OAB based on 13,063 qualified American adults. The dietary flavonoid intake was estimated from two 24-h dietary recalls. Weighted multivariate logistic regression model, quantile-based g-computation, restricted cubic spline model, and stratified analysis were used to explore the association between flavonoid intake and OAB, respectively. Results The participants diagnosed with OAB exhibited a higher percentage of being female, older, Non-Hispanic Black, unmarried, former drinkers, having a lower annual household income, lower poverty to income ratio, lower educational attainment, and a higher likelihood of being obese and smokers. Upon adjusting for confounding factors, the weighted logistic regression models revealed that the third quartile of consumption of anthocyanidin and the second quartile of consumption of flavone were significantly associated with the reduced odds of OAB, while total flavonoid consumption did not show a significant correlation with the risk of OAB. The quantile-based g-computation model indicated that flavone, anthocyanidin and flavonol were the primary contributors to the observed negative correlation. Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline models demonstrated a J-shaped non-linear exposure-response association between anthocyanidin intake and the risk of OAB (P nonlinear = 0.00164). The stratified and interaction analyses revealed that the relationship between anthocyanidin intake and the risk of OAB was significantly influenced by age (P interaction = 0.01) and education level (P interaction = 0.01), while the relationship between flavone intake and the risk of OAB was found to vary by race (P interaction = 0.02) and duration of physical activity (P interaction = 0.05). Conclusion Our research suggests that consuming a diet rich in flavonoid subclass anthocyanidin and flavone is associated with a reduced risk of OAB, potentially offering clinical significance in the prevention of OAB development. This underscores the importance of dietary adjustments in the management of OAB symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohuan Lin
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Lyu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang H, Zhao M, Liu J, Liu L, Liu H, Ding N, Wen J, Wang S, Ge N, Zhang X. H 2O 2 enhances the spontaneous phasic contractions of isolated human-bladder strips via activation of TRPA1 channels on sensory nerves and the release of substance P and PGE2. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:1-8. [PMID: 37802373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to detrusor overactivity (DO), but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Hydrogen dioxide (H2O2) is used commonly to investigate the effects of ROS. In present study, we investigated the effects of H2O2 on phasic spontaneous bladder contractions (SBCs) of isolated human-bladder strips (iHBSs) and the underlying mechanisms. Samples of bladder tissue were obtained from 26 patients undergoing cystectomy owing to bladder cancer. SBCs of iHBSs were recorded in organ-bath experiments. H2O2 (1μM-10mM) concentration-dependently increased the SBCs of iHBSs. These enhancing effects could be mimicked by an agonist of transient receptor potential (TRP)A1 channels (allyl isothiocyanate) and blocked with an antagonist of TRPA1 channels (HC030031; 10 μM). H2O2 induced enhancing effects also could be attenuated by desensitizing sensory afferents with capsaicin (10 μM), blocking nerve firing with TTX (1 μM), blocking neurokinin effects with NK2 receptor antagonist (SR48968, 10 μM), and blocking PGE2 synthesis with indomethacin (10 μM), respectively. Our study: (i) suggests activation of TRPA1 channels on bladder sensory afferents, and then release of substance P or PGE2 from sensory nerve terminals, contribute to the H2O2-induced enhancing effects on SBCs of iHBSs; (ii) provides insights for the mechanisms underlying ROS leading to DO; (iii) indicates that targeting TRPA1 channels might be the promising strategy against overactive bladder in conditions associated with excessive production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiliang Wen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoyong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Tong T, Cheng B, Tie S, Zhan G, Ouyang D, Cao J. Exploring the mechanism of Epimedii folium and notoginseng radix against vascular dementia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis: pharmacological mechanisms of EH-PN for VD. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31969. [PMID: 36451386 PMCID: PMC9704979 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of Epimedii Folium (HF) and Notoginseng Radix (NR) intervention in vascular dementia (VD). This study used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database to collect the active ingredients and potential drug targets of HF and NR, the Uniprot database to convert drug target names into gene names, GeneCards, Drugbank, Therapeutic Target Database, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database to collect the potential disease targets of VD, and then combined them with the drug targets to construct the HF-NR-VD protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting (STRING). Cytoscape (version 3.7.1) was used to perform cluster analysis of the PPI network. Metascape database was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The potential interaction of the main components of the HF-NR couplet medicine with core disease targets was revealed by molecular docking simulations. There were 23 predicted active ingredients in HF and NR, and 109 common drug targets that may be involved in the treatment of VD. Through PPI network analysis, 30 proteins were identified as core proteins owing to their topological importance. GO functional analysis revealed that the primary biological processes were mainly related to inflammation, apoptosis, and the response to oxidative stress. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that TNF and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways may occupy the core status in the anti-VD system. Molecular docking results confirmed that the core targets of VD had a high affinity for the main compounds of the HF-NR couplet medicine. We demonstrated the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of HF-NR couplet medicine for the treatment of VD and provided a foundation for further clinical application and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Tong
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Xiangtan County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangtan, China
| | - Songyan Tie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | | | - Dan Ouyang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jianzhong Cao, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China (e-mail: )
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Rahul, Siddique YH. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Flavonoids: Special Reference to Kaempferol. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 20:327-342. [PMID: 33511932 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210129122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic stroke have become a major health problem worldwide. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of flavonoids on neurodegenerative diseases and suggest them to be used as therapeutic agents. Kaempferol is found in many plants such as tea, beans, broccoli, strawberries, and neuroprotective effects against the development of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. The present study summarizes the neuroprotective effects of kaempferol in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. Kaempferol delays the initiation as well as the progression of neurodegenerative disorders by acting as a scavenger of free radicals and preserving the activity of various antioxidant enzymes. Kaempferol can cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), and therefore results in an enhanced protective effect. The multi-target property of kaempferol makes it a potential dietary supplement in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir H Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Improved Antibacterial Activity of Water-Soluble Nanoformulated Kaempferol and Combretastatin Polyphenolic Compounds. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5682182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol and combretastatin are polyphenolic compounds derived from plant sources which are known for their antibacterial activity. However, owing to their large size and water insolubility, their antibacterial activity is limited. In this context, the present study focused on the nanoformulation of kaempferol (NF-k) and combretastatin (NF-c) and their influence on water solubility and antibacterial properties. The NF-k and NF-c were prepared using the solvent evaporation method and were thoroughly characterized for evaluating the morphology, molecular vibrations, size, etc. Based on the results, it is observed that the pristine forms of kaempferol and combretastatin drugs get nanoformulated and completely soluble in water. Using particle size analyzer, the particle sizes of NF-k and NF-c were estimated as 334 nm and 260 nm, respectively, which are very fine compared to pristine kaempferol and combretastatin (5193 nm and 1217 nm, respectively). The molecular vibrations that exist in NF-k and NF-c were confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectra, where the nanoformulated drug showed lower intensities than the pristine form of kaempferol and combretastatin. The drug release kinetics of the nanoformulated drugs were carried out using the dialysis membrane method and were compared with their pristine forms. Owing to the size effect, the NF-k and NF-c release up to 50% of the drug in a sustained manner till 50 h showing twofold higher concentration than the control where it released 25%. The antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the optical density at 600 nm using UV-vis spectrophotometer and displayed significant activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus strain. The mechanisms behind the antibacterial activity of NF-k and NF-c were discussed in detail. The activation of ATP-dependent efflux pump system and the blockage of porin channels could be the cause for the bactericidal activity. Our understanding of efflux pumps and their role in antibacterial activity is still in its early stages. No studies have been performed to date using nanoformulations of kaempferol and combretastatin to investigate their roles. This complicates the determination of the exact mechanisms acting against bacterial growth when using nanoformulation drugs. Our increasing knowledge of water-soluble nanoformulation drugs and their roles in reduced bacterial activity will pave the way to developing effective treatments in the future.
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Yang M, Sun F, Zhou Y, He M, Yao P, Peng Y, Luo F, Liu F. Preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12800-12809. [PMID: 35492116 PMCID: PMC9051252 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01415j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids (LSF) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Liver injury was induced by injection with 2 mL kg-1 of carbon tetrachloride after administration of LSF by gavage. Liver index, serological parameters, and expression intensities of related mRNA and protein in the liver tissue were observed. The results indicated that LSF reduced liver weight and liver index, downregulated serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TG, TC, BUN, NO, and MDA, and upregulated levels of ALB, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the mice with liver injury. It also downregulated serum cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in these mice. qPCR and western blot confirmed that LSF upregulated mRNA and protein expression of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and IκB-α, and downregulated expression of NF-κB-p65, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the liver tissue of mice with liver injury. The preventive effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury was attributed to (-)-epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, (-)-epicatechin, vitexin, quercetin, and hesperidin, which were active substances that were detected in LSF by HPLC. Moreover, the effect of LSF is similar to that of silymarin, but the synergistic effect of the five active substances working in concert acted to produce a more robust liver-protecting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Pu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
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Zhu G, Liu X, Li H, Yan Y, Hong X, Lin Z. Kaempferol inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of liver cancer HepG2 cells by down-regulation of microRNA-21. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 32:2058738418814341. [PMID: 30477356 PMCID: PMC6259061 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418814341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers in human digestive
system, which kills more than half a million people every year worldwide. This
study aimed to investigate the effects of kaempferol, a flavonoid compound
isolated from vegetables and fruits, on hepatic cancer HepG2 cell proliferation,
migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression.
Cell viability was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell
proliferation was measured using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation
assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed using Guava Nexin assay. Cell migration and
invasion were determined using two-chamber migration (invasion) assay. Cell
transfection was used to change the expression of miR-21. Quantitative reverse
transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyze the
expressions of miR-21 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN). Expression of
key proteins involved in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase 3/mammalian target of rapamycin
(PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway were evaluated using western blotting. Results showed
that kaempferol significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation, migration, and
invasion, and induced cell apoptosis. Kaempferol remarkably reduce the
expression of miR-21 in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of miR-21 obviously reversed
the effects of kaempferol on HepG2 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and
apoptosis. Moreover, miR-21 negatively regulated the expression of PTEN in HepG2
cells. Kaempferol enhanced the expression of PTEN and inactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR
signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, kaempferol inhibited
proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells by down-regulating miR-21
and up-regulating PTEN, as well as inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genglong Zhu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xialei Liu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haijing Li
- 2 Department of Central Supply Service, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yang Yan
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hong
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhidong Lin
- 4 Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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10
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Lateef A, Prabhudas SK, Natarajan P. RNA sequencing and de novo assembly of Solanum trilobatum leaf transcriptome to identify putative transcripts for major metabolic pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15375. [PMID: 30337583 PMCID: PMC6194071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum trilobatum L. is an important medicinal plant in traditional Indian system of medicine belonging to Solanaceae family. However, non-availability of genomic resources hinders its research at the molecular level. We have analyzed the S. trilobatum leaf transcriptome using high throughput RNA sequencing. The de novo assembly of 136,220,612 reads produced 128,934 non-redundant unigenes with N50 value of 1347 bp. Annotation of unigenes was performed against databases such as NCBI nr database, Gene Ontology, KEGG, Uniprot, Pfam, and plnTFDB. A total of 60,097 unigenes were annotated including 48 Transcription Factor families and 14,490 unigenes were assigned to 138 pathways using KEGG database. The pathway analysis revealed the transcripts involved in the biosynthesis of important secondary metabolites contributing for its medicinal value such as Flavonoids. Further, the transcripts were quantified using RSEM to identify the highly regulated genes for secondary metabolism. Reverse-Transcription PCR was performed to validate the de novo assembled unigenes. The expression profile of selected unigenes from flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was analyzed using qRT-PCR. We have also identified 13,262 Simple Sequence Repeats, which could help in molecular breeding. This is the first report of comprehensive transcriptome analysis in S. trilobatum and this will be an invaluable resource to understand the molecular basis related to the medicinal attributes of S. trilobatum in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Lateef
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Sudheesh K Prabhudas
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India.
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Dokumacioglu E, Demiray O, Dokumacioglu A, Sahin A, Sen TM, Cankaya S. Measuring urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde levels in women with overactive bladder. Investig Clin Urol 2018; 59:252-256. [PMID: 29984340 PMCID: PMC6028472 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.4.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we aimed to explain the role of oxidative stress in women with overactive bladder (OAB) by investigating the levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Materials and Methods A total of 90 women were included in the study: 45 female patients diagnosed with OAB at Hopa State Hospital Urology Polyclinic and 45 healthy women without any metabolic or neurologic disease. Levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were measured in 24-hour urine samples for all subjects. Results Urinary levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were significantly higher in the OAB group than in the control group (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation (p<0.001) was found between the measurements of 8-OHdG and MDA. Conclusions Oxidative stress may be important in the pathophysiology of OAB, because levels of 8-OHdG and MDA are increased. Increased levels of 8-OHdG may be due to damaged nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as a result of oxidative attacks caused by free radicals. Nevertheless, further randomized and prospective studies with larger patient populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Dokumacioglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin Coruh University Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Ozay Demiray
- Department of Urology, Hopa State Hospital, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Ali Dokumacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hopa State Hospital, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Arzu Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Ordu University Faculty of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Tugba Mazlum Sen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Teknik University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Soner Cankaya
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Ordu University Faculty of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey
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Lee SB, Shin JS, Han HS, Lee HH, Park JC, Lee KT. Kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from the leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata inhibits LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators through inactivation of NF-κB, AP-1, and JAK-STAT in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:101-111. [PMID: 29470957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucoside (KPG), a natural flavonol isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata, has been reported to exert anti-cancer effects; however, its anti-inflammatory effects have not yet been reported. In this study, we demonstrate the suppressive effect of KPG on the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. KPG downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein level and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 at the mRNA level in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, we elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism, demonstrating that KPG attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by decreasing p65 nuclear translocation, inhibiting κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation/degradation and IκB kinaseα/β (IKKα/β) phosphorylation. KPG additionally reduced LPS-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity by inhibiting c-Fos expression in the nucleus, though c-Jun was not affected. Furthermore, we revealed that KPG significantly abrogated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 (Ser 727, Tyr 701) and STAT3 (Tyr 705) through inhibiting the phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and JAK2, its upstream activating proteins. Taken together, our data suggest that KPG induces anti-inflammatory activity by blocking NF-κB, AP-1, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, thus suppressing inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bin Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Life Science and Natural Resourses, Suncheon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Regulation of Spontaneous Contractions in Intact Rat Bladder Strips and the Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2925985. [PMID: 29511675 PMCID: PMC5817331 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2925985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced spontaneous contractions are associated with overactive bladder. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species might contribute to enhanced spontaneous contractions. We investigated the regulation of spontaneous contractions and the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in intact rat bladder strips. The spontaneous contractions were measured using a tissue bath system. The vehicle or the specific activators/blockers were applied and followed by the application of 0.003 g% H2O2. The basal tension, amplitude, and frequency of spontaneous contractions were quantified. Nisoldipine and bisindolylmaleimide 1 had no effects on spontaneous contractions. SKF96365 and Y27632 decreased basal tension and amplitude. Ryanodine slightly increased frequency. Both iberiotoxin and NS-1619 increased amplitude. Apamin reduced frequency but increased amplitude. NS-309 inhibited both the amplitude and frequency. The basal tension and amplitude increased when H2O2 was applied. Pretreatment with NS-309 inhibited H2O2-elicited augmented amplitude and frequency, while pretreatment with Y-27632 inhibited the augmented basal tension. The combined application of NS-309 and Y27632 almost eliminated spontaneous contractions and its augmentation induced by H2O2. In conclusion, Ca2+ influx, Rho kinase activation, and SK channel inactivation play important roles in spontaneous contractions in intact bladder strips, whereas only latter two mechanisms may be involved in H2O2-elicited increased spontaneous contractions.
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Guo H, Lin W, Zhang X, Zhang X, Hu Z, Li L, Duan Z, Zhang J, Ren F. Kaempferol induces hepatocellular carcinoma cell death via endoplasmic reticulum stress-CHOP-autophagy signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82207-82216. [PMID: 29137257 PMCID: PMC5669883 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol is a flavonoid compound that has gained widespread attention due to its antitumor functions. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. The present study investigated the effect of kaempferol on hepatocellular carcinoma and its underlying mechanisms. Kaempferol induced autophagy in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in HepG2 or Huh7 cells, which was evidenced by the significant increase of autophagy-related genes. Inhibition of autophagy pathway, through 3-methyladenine or Atg7 siRNA, strongly diminished kaempferol-induced apoptosis. We further hypothesized that kaempferol can induce autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Indeed, blocking ER stress by 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) or knockdown of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) with siRNA alleviated kaempferol-induced HepG2 or Huh7 cells autophagy; while transfection with plasmid overexpressing CHOP reversed the effect of 4-PBA on kaempferol-induced autophagy. Our results demonstrated that kaempferol induced hepatocarcinoma cell death via ER stress and CHOP-autophagy signaling pathway; kaempferol may be used as a potential chemopreventive agent for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Guo
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-Induced Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-Induced Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-Induced Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongjie Hu
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-Induced Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-Induced Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Salaritabar A, Darvishi B, Hadjiakhoondi F, Manayi A, Sureda A, Nabavi SF, Fitzpatrick LR, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5097-5114. [PMID: 28811706 PMCID: PMC5537178 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i28.5097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a central role in the development and progression of numerous pathological situations, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disorders. IBDs involve inflammation of the gastrointestinal area and mainly comprise Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both pathological situations usually involve recurring or bloody diarrhea, pain, fatigue and weight loss. There is at present no pharmacological cure for CD or UC. However, surgery may be curative for UC patients. The prescribed treatment aims to ameliorate the symptoms and prevent and/or delay new painful episodes. Flavonoid compounds are a large family of hydroxylated polyphenolic molecules abundant in plants, including vegetables and fruits which are the major dietary sources of these compounds for humans, together with wine and tea. Flavonoids are becoming very popular because they have many health-promoting and disease-preventive effects. Most interest has been directed towards the antioxidant activity of flavonoids, evidencing a remarkable free-radical scavenging capacity. However, accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have many other biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities through different mechanisms of action. The present review analyzes the available data about the different types of flavonoids and their potential effectiveness as adjuvant therapy of IBDs.
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Shimoda H, Takeda S, Shimizu N, Hirano M, Hitoe S. Suppressive effect of triterpenoids and a flavonol glycoside in seaberry extract on carbacol-induced contraction of bladder smooth muscle and TGF-β-induced contraction of collagen gel containing bladder smooth muscle cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Yao H, Huang X, Shi P, Lin Z, Zhu M, Liu A, Lin X, Tang Y. DPPH·-luminol chemiluminescence system and its application in the determination of scutellarin in pharmaceutical injections and rat plasma with flow injection analysis. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 32:588-595. [PMID: 27860193 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a DPPH·-luminol chemiluminescence (CL) system was reported and the CL mechanism was discussed according to the CL kinetic properties after sequence injecting DPPH· into the DPPH·-luminol reaction mixture. It was observed that scutellarin could inhibit the CL response of the DPPH·-luminol system. Based on this observation, a simple and rapid flow injection CL method was developed for the determination of scutellarin using the inhibition effect in alkaline medium. The optimized chemical conditions for the CL reaction were 5 × 10-6 mol/L DPPH· and 1.0 × 10-4 mol/L luminol in 0.01 mol/L NaOH. Under optimized conditions, the CL intensity was inversely proportional to the concentration of scutellarin over the ranges 5-2000 and 40-3200 ng/ml in pharmaceutical injection and rat plasma, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 5 and 40 ng/ml in preparations and rat plasma, respectively. Furthermore, the precision, recovery and stability of the validated method were acceptable for the determination of scutellarin in both pharmaceutical injections and rat plasma. The presented method was successfully applied in the determination of scutellarin in pharmaceutical injections and real rat plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Analytical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meilan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Yagi H, Sato R, Nishio K, Arai G, Soh S, Okada H. Effects of a supplement combining Pycnogenol ® and l-arginine aspartate on lower urinary dysfunction compared with saw palmetto extract. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7:117-120. [PMID: 28053897 PMCID: PMC5198833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunction (SDys) are common problems that affect quality of life (QOL) in elderly men. In addition to prescribed drugs, many over-the-counter medications including supplements are used to treat QOL diseases. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are reported to be effective for both LUTS and SDys by increasing nitric oxide levels. French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol®, which is a potent nitric oxide donor, is reported to be effective for SDys. However, no reports have been published on whether it ameliorates LUTS. Design Open-labeled, randomized study. The effects of two supplements, Nokogiriyashi EX® containing 160 mg saw palmetto (SP) extract per tablet and Edicare® containing 10 mg of Pycnogenol®, 115 mg of l-arginine and 92 mg of aspartate (PAA) per tablet on International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS–QOL, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF5), Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), urinary 8-OHdG and uroflowmetry (UFM) of total 40 men with LUTS and SDys were examined. Results 19 subjects were instructed to take two tablets of SP, on the other 20 were on four tablets of PAA for 16 weeks. IPSS and IPSS–QOL showed statistically significant improvements in both groups. OABSS and IIEF5 were significantly improved in the PAA group. Conversely, ICIQ-SF, 8-OHdG and UFM did not change in either group. Conclusions PAA might be an effective therapeutic alternative for elderly patients with LUTS and SDys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nishio
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Gaku Arai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Soh
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Guo H, Ren F, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yang R, Xie B, Li Z, Hu Z, Duan Z, Zhang J. Kaempferol induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2791-800. [PMID: 26847723 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol is a flavonoid compound that has gained importance due to its antitumor properties; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the antitumor function of kaempferol in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Kaempferol was determined to reduce cell viability, increase lactate dehydrogenase activity and induce apoptosis in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Additionally, kaempferol‑induced apoptosis possibly acts via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, due to the significant increase in the protein expression levels of glucose‑regulated protein 78, glucose‑regulated protein 94, protein kinase R‑like ER kinase, inositol‑requiring enzyme 1α, partial activating transcription factor 6 cleavage, caspase‑4, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved caspase‑3. The pro‑apoptotic activity of kaempferol was determined to be due to induction of the ER stress‑CHOP pathway, as: i) ER stress was blocked by 4‑phenyl butyric acid (4‑PBA) pretreatment and knockdown of CHOP with small interfering RNA, which resulted in alleviation of kaempferol‑induced HepG2 cell apoptosis; and ii) transfection with plasmid overexpressing CHOP reversed the protective effect of 4‑PBA in kaempferol‑induced HepG2 cells and increased the apoptotic rate. Thus, kaempferol promoted HepG2 cell apoptosis via induction of the ER stress‑CHOP signaling pathway. These observations indicate that kaempferol may be used as a potential chemopreventive treatment strategy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Guo
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug‑Induced Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Bangxiang Xie
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjie Hu
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug‑Induced Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug‑Induced Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Bose Mazumdar A, Chattopadhyay S. Sequencing, De novo Assembly, Functional Annotation and Analysis of Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Transcriptome Using the Illumina Platform. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1199. [PMID: 26858723 PMCID: PMC4729934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn., a widely distributed annual medicinal herb has a long history of use in the traditional system of medicine for over 2000 years. However, the lack of genomic data for P. amarus, a non-model organism hinders research at the molecular level. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing technology has been employed to enhance better understanding of this herb and provide comprehensive genomic information for future work. Here P. amarus leaf transcriptome was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. We assembled 85,927 non-redundant (nr) "unitranscript" sequences with an average length of 1548 bp, from 18,060,997 raw reads. Sequence similarity analyses and annotation of these unitranscripts were performed against databases like green plants nr protein database, Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), PlnTFDB, KEGG databases. As a result, 69,394 GO terms, 583 enzyme codes (EC), 134 KEGG maps, and 59 Transcription Factor (TF) families were generated. Functional and comparative analyses of assembled unitranscripts were also performed with the most closely related species like Populus trichocarpa and Ricinus communis using TRAPID. KEGG analysis showed that a number of assembled unitranscripts were involved in secondary metabolites, mainly phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, terpenoids, alkaloids, and lignan biosynthetic pathways that have significant medicinal attributes. Further, Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads (FPKM) values of the identified secondary metabolite pathway genes were determined and Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of a few of these genes were performed to validate the de novo assembled leaf transcriptome dataset. In addition 65,273 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first transcriptomic dataset of P. amarus till date. Our study provides the largest genetic resource that will lead to drug development and pave the way in deciphering various secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in P. amarus, especially those conferring the medicinal attributes of this potent herb.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common problem which can have disastrous effects on the quality of life of the sufferer. There are established treatments for the problem but they have significant adverse effects. Better drugs and new treatment modalities are necessary to deal with OAB. AREA COVERED Antimuscarinics, mirabegron and intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A are established treatments for OAB. Sacral neuromodulation is more invasive but has been successful in treating OAB. Phase II and III trials are in progress for newer β3-agonists and various combinations of antimuscarinics, β3-agonists and antidiuretics. Targeted secretion inhibitors (TSI) can increase efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Liposome integrated botulinum toxin A has an advantage of effective administration by intravesical instillation. Both medicines are in Phase II trials. Many other drugs which have promising results are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Newer antimuscarinics have better tolerability. Long-term data for mirabegron has shown that it is more effective in severe OAB. Combination drugs may prove to be more effective with less adverse effects. Emerging treatments with TSI, lipotoxin and gene therapy appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Karmarkar
- a 1 Clinical Research Fellow, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, Urogynaecology Department , London, UK +44 0 79 83 41 40 71 ;
| | - Vik Khullar
- b 2 St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, Urogynaecology Department , London, UK
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Yagi H, Sato R, Nishio K, Arai G, Soh S, Okada H. Clinical efficacy and tolerability of two Japanese traditional herbal medicines, Hachimi-jio-gan and Gosha-jinki-gan, for lower urinary tract symptoms with cold sensitivity. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5:258-61. [PMID: 26587398 PMCID: PMC4624524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of Hachimi-jio-gan (HJG; bā wèi dì huáng wán) and Gosha-jinki-gan (GJG; jì shēng shèn qì wán), two traditional Japanese medicines, in 60 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) having cold sensitivity unresponsive to α1-blockers or antimuscarinic drugs. All patients received a mixture of HJG or GJG for 12 weeks in addition to α1-blockers or antimuscarinic drugs as add-on therapy. International Prostate Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score-Quality of Life, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index, and the number of nocturnal voids were statistically much improved. However, there was no change in maximal urinary flow rate and post-void residual urine. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was statistically greatly improved from baseline after treatment in the HJG group compared to the GJG group. Adverse reactions were observed in 8.3% of patients, but all reactions were mild. Both HJG and GJG mixtures can serve as safe and effective potential therapeutic alternatives in patients with LUTS and cold sensitivity unresponsive to α1-blockers or antimuscarinic drugs. Additionally, HJG mixture was found to have anti-oxidative activity, and therefore further long-term clinical investigations are needed to examine its anti-aging effects in addition to its effect on urinary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nishio
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Gaku Arai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Soh
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Schneiderová K, Šmejkal K. Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:799-833. [PMID: 32214918 PMCID: PMC7089068 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Flavonoids, lignans, phenolic glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, glycerides, phenolic acids, and miscellaneous other compounds have been isolated from different parts of P. tomentosa plant. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. They show cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines and inhibit the effects of human cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and bacterial neuraminidases. Most of the compounds considered here have never been isolated from any other species of plant. This review summarizes the information about the isolated compounds that are active, their bioactivities, and the structure-activity relationships that have been worked out for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Schneiderová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kaempferol, a potential cytostatic and cure for inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:103-12. [PMID: 25147152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g., tea, broccoli, cabbage, kale, beans, endive, leek, tomato, strawberries, and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine (e.g., Ginkgo biloba, Tilia spp, Equisetum spp, Moringa oleifera, Sophora japonica and propolis). Its anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated in various disease models, including those for encephalomyelitis, diabetes, asthma, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, kaempferol act as a scavenger of free radicals and superoxide radicals as well as preserve the activity of various anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The anticancer effect of this flavonoid is mediated through different modes of action, including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, cell-cycle arrest, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and anti-metastasis/anti-angiogenesis activities. In addition, kaempferol was found to exhibit its anticancer activity through the modulation of multiple molecular targets including p53 and STAT3, through the activation of caspases, and through the generation of ROS. The anti-tumor effects of kaempferol have also been investigated in tumor-bearing mice. The combination of kaempferol and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs produces a greater therapeutic effect than the latter, as well as reduces the toxicity of the latter. In this review, we summarize the anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of kaempferol with a focus on its molecular targets and the possible use of this flavonoid for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Masuda H. Editorial Comment to Anti-oxidant activity and attenuation of bladder hyperactivity by the flavonoid compound kaempferol. Int J Urol 2014; 21:98-9. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Masuda
- Department of Urology; Cancer Institute Hospital; Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research; Tokyo Japan
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Lin CW, Chen PN, Chen MK, Yang WE, Tang CH, Yang SF, Hsieh YS. Kaempferol reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by down-regulating ERK1/2 and the activator protein-1 signaling pathways in oral cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80883. [PMID: 24278338 PMCID: PMC3835430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kaempferol has been proposed as a potential drug for cancer chemoprevention and treatment because it is a natural polyphenol contained in plant-based foods. Recent studies have demonstrated that kaempferol protects against cardiovascular disease and cancer. Based on this finding, we investigated the mechanisms by which kaempferol produces the anti-metastatic effect in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC4 cells. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we provided molecular evidence associated with the anti-metastatic effect of kaempferol by demonstrating a substantial suppression of SCC4 cell migration and invasion. This effect was associated with reduced expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA and protein levels. Analysis of the transcriptional regulation indicated that kaempferol inhibited MMP-2 transcription by suppressing c-Jun activity. Kaempferol also produced an inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Conclusions These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-metastatic effect of kaempferol, and are valuable in the prevention of oral cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-SH); (S-FY)
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-SH); (S-FY)
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