1
|
Liu HP, Yang QY, Liu JX, Haq IU, Li Y, Zhang QY, Attia KA, Abushady AM, Liu CZ, Lv N. Host plant-mediated effects on Buchnera symbiont: implications for biological characteristics and nutritional metabolism of pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1288997. [PMID: 38126022 PMCID: PMC10731267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1288997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is a typical sap-feeding insect and an important worldwide pest. There is a primary symbiont-Buchnera aphidicola, which can synthesize and provide some essential nutrients for its host. At the same time, the hosts also can actively adjust the density of bacterial symbiosis to cope with the changes in environmental and physiological factors. However, it is still unclear how symbionts mediate the interaction between herbivorous insects' nutrient metabolism and host plants. Methods The current study has studied the effects of different host plants on the biological characteristics, Buchnera titer, and nutritional metabolism of pea aphids. This study investigated the influence of different host plants on biological characteristics, Buchnera titer, and nutritional metabolism of pea aphids. Results and discussion The titer of Buchnera was significantly higher on T. Pretense and M. officinalis, and the relative expression levels were 1.966±0.104 and 1.621±0.167, respectively. The content of soluble sugar (53.46±1.97µg/mg), glycogen (1.12±0.07µg/mg) and total energy (1341.51±39.37µg/mg) of the pea aphid on V. faba were significantly higher and showed high fecundity (143.86±11.31) and weight (10.46±0.77µg/mg). The content of total lipids was higher on P. sativum and T. pretense, which were 2.82±0.03µg/mg and 2.92±0.07µg/mg, respectively. Correlation analysis found that the difference in Buchnera titer was positively correlated with the protein content in M. officinalis and the content of total energy in T. pratense (P < 0.05). This study confirmed that host plants not only affected the biological characteristics and nutritional metabolism of pea aphids but also regulated the symbiotic density, thus interfering with the nutritional function of Buchnera. The results can provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the influence of different host plants on the development of pea aphids and other insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-ping Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao-yan Yang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing-xing Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang-yan Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M. Abushady
- Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Genetics, Agriculture College, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chang-zhong Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin L, Zhang BW, Lu JW, Liao JA, Zhu QJ, Lin Y, Yu XQ. The mechanism of Cry41-related toxin against Myzus persicae based on its interaction with Buchnera-derived ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1684-1691. [PMID: 36602054 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most notorious pests of many crops worldwide. Most Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis show very low toxicity to M. persicae; however, a study showed that Cry41-related toxin had moderate toxic activity against M. persicae. In our previous work, potential Cry41-related toxin-binding proteins in M. persicae were identified, including cathepsin B, calcium-transporting ATPase, and Buchnera-derived ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (PFKA). Buchnera is an endosymbiont present in almost all aphids and it provides necessary nutrients for aphid growth. This study investigated the role of Buchnera-derived PFKA in Cry41-related toxicity against M. persicae. RESULTS In this study, recombinant PFKA was expressed and purified, and in vitro assays revealed that PFKA bound to Cry41-related toxin, and Cry41-related toxin at 25 μg ml-1 significantly inhibited the activity of PFKA. In addition, when M. persicae was treated with 30 μg ml-1 of Cry41-related toxin for 24 h, the expression of dnak, a single-copy gene in Buchnera, was significantly decreased, indicating a decrease in the number of Buchnera. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Cry41-related toxin interacts with Buchnera-derived PFKA to inhibit its enzymatic activity and likely impair cell viability, resulting in a decrease in the number of Buchnera, and finally leading to M. persicae death. These findings open up new perspectives in our understanding of the mode of action of Cry toxins and are useful in helping improve Cry toxicity for aphid control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing-Wen Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun-Ao Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi-Jun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Todd JC, Stewart LR, Redinbaugh MG, Wilson JR. Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Feeding Behavior is Largely Unchanged by Soybean Mosaic Virus but Significantly Altered by the Beetle-Transmitted Bean Pod Mottle Virus. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1059-1068. [PMID: 35569031 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is an economically important invasive pest of soybean. In addition to damage caused by soybean aphid feeding on the phloem sap, this insect also transmits many plant viruses, including soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Previous work has shown that plant viruses can change plant host phenotypes to alter the behavior of their insect vectors to promote virus spread, known as the vector manipulation hypothesis. In this study, we used electropenetography (EPG) to examine the effects of two plant viruses on soybean aphid feeding behavior: SMV, which is transmitted by many aphid species including the soybean aphid, and bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), which is transmitted by chrysomelid and some coccinellid beetles but not aphids. These two viruses often co-occur in soybean production and can act synergistically. Surprisingly, our results showed little to no effect of SMV on soybean aphid feeding behaviors measured by EPG, but profound differences were observed in aphids feeding on BPMV-infected plants. Aphids took longer to find the vascular bundle of BPMV-infected plants, and once found, spent more time entering and conditioning the phloem than ingesting phloem sap. Interestingly, these observed alterations are similar to those of aphids feeding on insect-resistant soybean plants. The cause of these changes in feeding behavior is not known, and how they impact virus transmission and soybean aphid populations in the field will require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Todd
- USDA-ARS Corn, Soybean & Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Lucy R Stewart
- USDA-ARS Corn, Soybean & Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R Wilson
- USDA-ARS Corn, Soybean & Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi XB, Yan S, Zhang C, Zheng LM, Zhang ZH, Sun SE, Gao Y, Tan XQ, Zhang DY, Zhou XG. Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:67. [PMID: 33514310 PMCID: PMC7846988 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. RESULTS Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector's feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Shi
- Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Shu-E Sun
- Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xin-Qiu Tan
- Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Xu-Guo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Influence of host plant on oligophagous and polyphagous aphids, and on their obligate symbiont titers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Li H, Liu X, Liu X, Michaud JP, Zhi H, Li K, Li X, Li Z. Host Plant Infection by Soybean Mosaic Virus Reduces the Fitness of Its Vector, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2017-2023. [PMID: 29945216 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coevolutionary interactions between pathogens and their insect vectors can dramatically impact the fitness of herbivorous insects and patterns of plant disease transmission. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a common disease in soybean production worldwide. Infected seed is the primary source of inoculum in fields and the virus is secondarily spread among plants by the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in a nonpersistent manner. In this study, we compared the biological fitness of A. glycines colonizing both SMV-infected and uninfected soybean plants. Aphids feeding on SMV-infected soybean seedlings were significantly smaller and lighter than those feeding on uninfected plants across life stages. SMV infection caused delayed development of aphid nymphs on soybean seedlings, but this was more than compensated by a reduction in the pre-reproductive period of apterous adults. The fecundity of A. glycines was reduced when feeding on SMV-infected seedlings, resulting in a lower reproductive rate, a longer generation time, and a slower population doubling time. A smaller proportion of aphid offspring developed into alatae when feeding on SMV-infected soybean seedling, and these took longer to mature than their counterparts on uninfected plants. We infer that SMV infection has significantly negative effects on the biological performance of A. glycines, which may be consistent with the long-term coevolution of SMV, soybean, and A. glycines in the transmission cycle of SMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS
| | - Haijian Zhi
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hajimorad MR, Domier LL, Tolin SA, Whitham SA, Saghai Maroof MA. Soybean mosaic virus: a successful potyvirus with a wide distribution but restricted natural host range. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1563-1579. [PMID: 29134790 PMCID: PMC6638002 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a species within the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, which includes almost one-quarter of all known plant RNA viruses affecting agriculturally important plants. The Potyvirus genus is the largest of all genera of plant RNA viruses with 160 species. PARTICLE The filamentous particles of SMV, typical of potyviruses, are about 7500 Å long and 120 Å in diameter with a central hole of about 15 Å in diameter. Coat protein residues are arranged in helices of about 34 Å pitch having slightly less than nine subunits per turn. GENOME The SMV genome consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense, polyadenylated RNA of approximately 9.6 kb with a virus-encoded protein (VPg) linked at the 5' terminus. The genomic RNA contains a single large open reading frame (ORF). The polypeptide produced from the large ORF is processed proteolytically by three viral-encoded proteinases to yield about 10 functional proteins. A small ORF, partially overlapping the P3 cistron, pipo, is encoded as a fusion protein in the N-terminus of P3 (P3N + PIPO). BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES SMV's host range is restricted mostly to two plant species of a single genus: Glycine max (cultivated soybean) and G. soja (wild soybean). SMV is transmitted by aphids non-persistently and by seeds. The variability of SMV is recognized by reactions on cultivars with dominant resistance (R) genes. Recessive resistance genes are not known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE As a consequence of its seed transmissibility, SMV is present in all soybean-growing areas of the world. SMV infections can reduce significantly seed quantity and quality (e.g. mottled seed coats, reduced seed size and viability, and altered chemical composition). CONTROL The most effective means of managing losses from SMV are the planting of virus-free seeds and cultivars containing single or multiple R genes. KEY ATTRACTIONS The interactions of SMV with soybean genotypes containing different dominant R genes and an understanding of the functional role(s) of SMV-encoded proteins in virulence, transmission and pathogenicity have been investigated intensively. The SMV-soybean pathosystem has become an excellent model for the examination of the genetics and genomics of a uniquely complex gene-for-gene resistance model in a crop of worldwide importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Hajimorad
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA
| | - L. L. Domier
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service and Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA
| | - S. A. Tolin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed ScienceVirginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA
| | - S. A. Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA
| | - M. A. Saghai Maroof
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guidolin AS, Cônsoli FL. Symbiont Diversity of Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as Influenced by Host Plants. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:201-210. [PMID: 27872949 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are well known for their association with endosymbiont bacteria. Almost all aphids harbor Buchnera aphidicola as an obligate symbiont and several other bacteria as facultative symbionts. Associations of facultative symbionts and aphids are quite variable in terms of diversity and prevalence across aphid species. Facultative symbionts can have a major impact on aphid bioecological traits. A number of factors shape the outcome of the facultative symbiont-aphid association, including aphid clone, bacterial genotype, geography, and host plant association. The effects of host plant on aphid-facultative symbiont associations are the least understood. We performed deep sequencing of the bacterial community associated with field populations of the oligophagous aphid Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus collected from different host plants. We demonstrate that (i) A. citricidus has low symbiont diversity, (ii) symbiont diversity is affected by host plant, and (iii) host plants affect the relative abundance of the obligate symbiont Buchnera and an unknown genus of Enterobacteriaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Sartori Guidolin
- Insect Interactions Lab., Department of Entomology and Acarology/ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Insect Interactions Lab., Department of Entomology and Acarology/ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li T, Wu XJ, Jiang YL, Zhang L, Duan Y, Miao J, Gong ZJ, Wu YQ. The genetic diversity of SMLS (Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont) and its effect on the fitness, mitochondrial DNA diversity and Buchnera aphidicola dynamic of wheat aphid, Sitobion miscanthi (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3142-51. [PMID: 27122251 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SMLS (Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont) is a recently discovered aphid secondary symbiont. Using evidence extracted from 16S rRNA sequences, previous studies indicate that SMLS is the most widely distributed and most recently transferred secondary symbiont in Chinese Sitobion miscanthi populations. Here, we further investigated genetic diversity among SMLS geographic strains with multiloci data. Furthermore, the influence of SMLS on S. miscanthi was uncovered with ecological and evolutionary evidence. The results indicated that there was limited influence of infection with SMLS on variation and evolutionary patterns of S. miscanthi mitochondrial DNA. By hemolymph injection, the SMLS-infected and SMLS-uninfected S. miscanthi clones with the identical genetic background were built in this study. Although similar Buchnera aphidicola dynamics were observed between SMLS-infected and SMLS-uninfected S. miscanthi population, B. aphidicola density of SMLS-infected S. miscanthi population was always significantly higher than SMLS-uninfected ones. The results of fitness measurements indicated that under laboratory rearing conditions, transfection of SMLS could confer modest advantages to some fitness components of S. miscanthi, that is, total number of offspring, longevity, age of first reproduction and weight of adult. However, as SMLS is not strictly associated with S. miscanthi, further investigations are needed to uncover the mechanisms responsible for this inconceivable association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xu-Jin Wu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products/Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing/Laboratory of Quality Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yue-Li Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yun Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jin Miao
- Institute of Plant Protection/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen L, Zhang YH, Huang T, Cai YD. Gene expression profiling gut microbiota in different races of humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23075. [PMID: 26975620 PMCID: PMC4791684 DOI: 10.1038/srep23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is shaped and modified by the polymorphisms of microorganisms in the intestinal tract. Its composition shows strong individual specificity and may play a crucial role in the human digestive system and metabolism. Several factors can affect the composition of the gut microbiome, such as eating habits, living environment, and antibiotic usage. Thus, various races are characterized by different gut microbiome characteristics. In this present study, we studied the gut microbiomes of three different races, including individuals of Asian, European and American races. The gut microbiome and the expression levels of gut microbiome genes were analyzed in these individuals. Advanced feature selection methods (minimum redundancy maximum relevance and incremental feature selection) and four machine-learning algorithms (random forest, nearest neighbor algorithm, sequential minimal optimization, Dagging) were employed to capture key differentially expressed genes. As a result, sequential minimal optimization was found to yield the best performance using the 454 genes, which could effectively distinguish the gut microbiomes of different races. Our analyses of extracted genes support the widely accepted hypotheses that eating habits, living environments and metabolic levels in different races can influence the characteristics of the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Enders LS, Miller NJ. Stress-induced changes in abundance differ among obligate and facultative endosymbionts of the soybean aphid. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:818-29. [PMID: 26865969 PMCID: PMC4739556 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts can drive evolutionary novelty by conferring adaptive benefits under adverse environmental conditions. Among aphid species there is growing evidence that symbionts influence tolerance to various forms of stress. However, the extent to which stress inflicted on the aphid host has cascading effects on symbiont community dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we simultaneously quantified the effect of host-plant induced and xenobiotic stress on soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) fitness and relative abundance of its three bacterial symbionts. Exposure to soybean defensive stress (Rag1 gene) and a neurotoxic insecticide (thiamethoxam) substantially reduced aphid composite fitness (survival × reproduction) by 74 ± 10% and 92 ± 2%, respectively, which in turn induced distinctive changes in the endosymbiont microbiota. When challenged by host-plant defenses a 1.4-fold reduction in abundance of the obligate symbiont Buchnera was observed across four aphid clonal lines. Among facultative symbionts of Rag1-stressed aphids, Wolbachia abundance increased twofold and Arsenophonus decreased 1.5-fold. A similar pattern was observed under xenobiotic stress, with Buchnera and Arsenophonus titers decreasing (1.3-fold) and Wolbachia increasing (1.5-fold). Furthermore, variation in aphid virulence to Rag1 was positively correlated with changes in Arsenophonus titers, but not Wolbachia or Buchnera. A single Arsenophonus multi-locus genotype was found among aphid clonal lines, indicating strain diversity is not primarily responsible for correlated host-symbiont stress levels. Overall, our results demonstrate the nature of aphid symbioses can significantly affect the outcome of interactions under stress and suggests general changes in the microbiome can occur across multiple stress types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laramy S. Enders
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Nebraska‐Lincoln103 Entomology HallLincolnNebraska68583‐0816
| | - Nicholas J. Miller
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Nebraska‐Lincoln103 Entomology HallLincolnNebraska68583‐0816
| |
Collapse
|