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Meirong Q. The larvicidal efficacy and mechanism of action of 5-Ethenyl-2,2'-bithiophene extracted from Echinops ritro on Aedes aegypti larvae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:105965. [PMID: 39084763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we focused on the larvicidal effects and potential mechanisms of 5-ethenyl-2,2'-bithiophene (5 EB), a compound isolated from Echinops ritro L. on Aedes aegypti larvae. Our results show that 5 EB exhibits pronounced larvicidal activity against A. aegypti larvae, with an LC50 = 0.24 mg/L, considerably lesser than that of the traditional insecticide, rotenone. Observations using fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, and imaging flow cytometry demonstrated that 5 EB targets the hemocytes of larvae, leading to the disruption of their intracellular membrane systems. This disruption leads to considerable damage to the cellular structure and function, leading to the death of test subjects. Note that additional investigation into the molecular mechanism of 5 EB's action was conducted using transcriptomic analysis. Both GO and KEGG enrichment analyses reported that the differentially expressed genes were predominantly associated with membranes, lysosomes, and catalytic activities. To summarize, this study provides new options for developing new, environmentally friendly, plant-based larvicides for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Meirong
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kelly ET, Mack LK, Attardo GM. Exploring the Wilderness within: An Integrative Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Study on Near-Wild and Colonized Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2024; 15:507. [PMID: 39057240 PMCID: PMC11277204 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the phenotypic differences between wild-derived F2 Central Valley mosquitoes and the insecticide-susceptible Rockefeller (Rock) lab strain of Ae. aegypti. Given the rarity of wild pyrethroid-susceptible populations, the focus of this work is to develop an understanding of the resistance physiology in this invasive mosquito population and explore the potential of metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers for metabolic resistance. This study utilizes metabolomic, gene expression, and lifespan data for a comparison between strains. The findings indicate that wild-derived mosquitoes with greater metabolic resistance have a lifespan sensitivity to restricted larval nutrition. In terms of metabolism and gene expression, Central Valley mosquitoes show increased activity in oxidoreductase, glutathione metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Conversely, Rock mosquitoes display signs of metabolic inefficiency and mitochondrial dysregulation, likely tolerated due to the consistency and nutritional abundance of a controlled lab environment. The study also examines Ae. aegypti P450 and GSTE profiles in relation to other insecticide-resistant groups. While metabolomic data can differentiate our study groups, the challenges in biomarker development arise from few detected markers meeting high fold change thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geoffrey M. Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.T.K.); (L.K.M.)
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Love RR, Sikder JR, Vivero RJ, Matute DR, Schrider DR. Strong Positive Selection in Aedes aegypti and the Rapid Evolution of Insecticide Resistance. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad072. [PMID: 36971242 PMCID: PMC10118305 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti vectors the pathogens that cause dengue, yellow fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya and is a serious threat to public health in tropical regions. Decades of work has illuminated many aspects of Ae. aegypti's biology and global population structure and has identified insecticide resistance genes; however, the size and repetitive nature of the Ae. aegypti genome have limited our ability to detect positive selection in this mosquito. Combining new whole genome sequences from Colombia with publicly available data from Africa and the Americas, we identify multiple strong candidate selective sweeps in Ae. aegypti, many of which overlap genes linked to or implicated in insecticide resistance. We examine the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in three American cohorts and find evidence for successive selective sweeps in Colombia. The most recent sweep encompasses an intermediate-frequency haplotype containing four candidate insecticide resistance mutations that are in near-perfect linkage disequilibrium with one another in the Colombian sample. We hypothesize that this haplotype may continue to rapidly increase in frequency and perhaps spread geographically in the coming years. These results extend our knowledge of how insecticide resistance has evolved in this species and add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that Ae. aegypti has an extensive genomic capacity to rapidly adapt to insecticide-based vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rebecca Love
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NCUSA
| | - Josh R Sikder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NCUSA
| | - Rafael J Vivero
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Chapel Hill, NCColombia
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel R Schrider
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NCUSA
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Itokawa K, Furutani S, Takaoka A, Maekawa Y, Sawabe K, Komagata O, Tomita T, de Lima Filho JL, Alves LC, Kasai S. A first, naturally occurring substitution at the second pyrethroid receptor of voltage-gated sodium channel of Aedes aegypti. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2887-2893. [PMID: 33559956 PMCID: PMC8247860 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is a remarkably effective mosquito vector of epidemiologically important arboviral diseases including dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. The present spread of resistance against pyrethroids, the primary insecticides used for mosquito control, in global populations of this species is of great concern. The voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) in the nervous system is the known target site of pyrethroids in insects. Past studies have revealed several amino-acid substitutions in this channel that confer pyrethroid resistance, which are known as knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations. RESULTS This study investigated a laboratory colony of Ae. aegypti, MCNaeg, established from larvae collected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2016. The MCNaeg colony showed strong resistance against pyrethroids without laboratory selection. Of the two VGSC gene haplotypes present within this colony, one harbored three known kdr mutations, V410L, V1016I, and F1534C, and the other harbored only the known F1534C mutation. In latter haplotype, we also found novel amino-acid substations including V253F. Previous molecular modeling and electrophysiological studies suggest that this residue serves a pyrethroid-sensing site in the second receptor, PyR2. Our genetical analysis showed that the haplotype harboring V253F and F1534C is associated with equal or slightly stronger resistance than the other triple kdr haplotype to both Type I and Type II pyrethroids. CONCLUSION The novel substitution V253F is potentially involved in pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of this substitution in the pyrethroid susceptibility of VGSC. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Itokawa
- Pathogen Genomics CenterNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Shogo Furutani
- Department of Medical EntomologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Aki Takaoka
- Department of Medical EntomologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihide Maekawa
- Department of Medical EntomologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical EntomologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Osamu Komagata
- Department of Medical EntomologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Tomita
- Department of Medical EntomologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo AsamiUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães‐FIOCRUZ/PERecifeBrazil
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Medical EntomologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
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Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Campbell CL, Lozano S, Penilla-Navarro P, Lopez-Solis A, Solis-Santoyo F, Rodriguez AD, Perera R, Black IV WC. Permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti: Genomic variants that confer knockdown resistance, recovery, and death. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009606. [PMID: 34138859 PMCID: PMC8211209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are one of the few classes of insecticides available to control Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Unfortunately, evolving mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in mosquito populations threaten our ability to control disease outbreaks. Two common pyrethroid resistance mechanisms occur in Ae. aegypti: 1) knockdown resistance, which involves amino acid substitutions at the pyrethroid target site-the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC)-and 2) enhanced metabolism by detoxification enzymes. When a heterogeneous population of mosquitoes is exposed to pyrethroids, different responses occur. During exposure, a proportion of mosquitoes exhibit immediate knockdown, whereas others are not knocked-down and are designated knockdown resistant (kdr). When these individuals are removed from the source of insecticide, the knocked-down mosquitoes can either remain in this status and lead to dead or recover within a few hours. The proportion of these phenotypic responses is dependent on the pyrethroid concentration and the genetic background of the population tested. In this study, we sequenced and performed pairwise genome comparisons between kdr, recovered, and dead phenotypes in a pyrethroid-resistant colony from Tapachula, Mexico. We identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with each phenotype and identified genes that are likely associated with the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance, including detoxification, the cuticle, and insecticide target sites. We identified high association between kdr and mutations at VGSC and moderate association with additional insecticide target site, detoxification, and cuticle protein coding genes. Recovery was associated with cuticle proteins, the voltage-dependent calcium channel, and a different group of detoxification genes. We provide a list of detoxification genes under directional selection in this field-resistant population. Their functional roles in pyrethroid metabolism and their potential uses as genomic markers of resistance require validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center of Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Corey L. Campbell
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center of Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Saul Lozano
- Centers for Diseases Prevention and Control, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Patricia Penilla-Navarro
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Alma Lopez-Solis
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Francisco Solis-Santoyo
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Americo D. Rodriguez
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Rushika Perera
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center of Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - William C. Black IV
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center of Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Kubik TD, Snell TK, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Wilusz J, Anderson JR, Lozano-Fuentes S, Black WC, Campbell CL. Aedes aegypti miRNA-33 modulates permethrin induced toxicity by regulating VGSC transcripts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7301. [PMID: 33790374 PMCID: PMC8012613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a major vector of Zika, dengue, and other arboviruses. Permethrin adulticidal spraying, which targets the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), is commonly done to reduce local mosquito populations and protect humans from exposure to arbovirus pathogens transmitted by this dangerous pest. Permethrin resistance, however, is a growing problem and understanding its underlying molecular basis may identify avenues to combat it. We identified a single G:C polymorphism in pre-miR-33 that was genetically associated with permethrin resistance; resulting isoforms had structural differences that may affect DICER-1/pre-miRNA processing rates. We then assessed the effects of overexpression of pre-miR-33 isoforms on permethrin toxicological phenotypes, VGSC transcript abundance and protein levels for two genetically related mosquito strains. One strain had its naturally high permethrin resistance levels maintained by periodic treatment, and the other was released from selection. VGSC protein levels were lower in the permethrin resistant strain than in the related permethrin-susceptible strain. Overexpression of the G-pre-miR-33 isoform reduced VGSC expression levels in both strains. To further elucidate changes in gene expression associated with permethrin resistance, exome-capture gDNA deep sequencing, genetic association mapping and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis revealed that transport genes, in particular, were selected in resistant versus susceptible mosquitoes. Collectively, these data indicate that miR-33 regulates VGSC expression as part of a nuanced system of neuronal regulation that contributes to a network of heritable features determining permethrin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Kubik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Trey K Snell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - John R Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Saul Lozano-Fuentes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - William C Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Corey L Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Black WC, Snell TK, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Kading RC, Campbell CL. From Global to Local-New Insights into Features of Pyrethroid Detoxification in Vector Mosquitoes. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040276. [PMID: 33804964 PMCID: PMC8063960 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The threat of mosquito-borne diseases continues to be a problem for public health in subtropical and tropical regions of the world; in response, there has been increased use of adulticidal insecticides, such as pyrethroids, in human habitation areas over the last thirty years. As a result, the prevalence of pyrethroid-resistant genetic markers in natural mosquito populations has increased at an alarming rate. This review details recent advances in the understanding of specific mechanisms associated with pyrethroid resistance, with emphasis on features of insecticide detoxification and the interdependence of multiple cellular pathways. Together, these advances add important context to the understanding of the processes that are selected in resistant mosquitoes. Specifically, before pyrethroids bind to their targets on motoneurons, they must first permeate the outer cuticle and diffuse to inner tissues. Resistant mosquitoes have evolved detoxification mechanisms that rely on cytochrome P450s (CYP), esterases, carboxyesterases, and other oxidation/reduction (redox) components to effectively detoxify pyrethroids to nontoxic breakdown products that are then excreted. Enhanced resistance mechanisms have evolved to include alteration of gene copy number, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, as well as changes to cellular signaling mechanisms. Here, we outline the variety of ways in which detoxification has been selected in various mosquito populations, as well as key gene categories involved. Pathways associated with potential new genes of interest are proposed. Consideration of multiple cellular pathways could provide opportunities for development of new insecticides.
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Mack LK, Kelly ET, Lee Y, Brisco KK, Shen KV, Zahid A, van Schoor T, Cornel AJ, Attardo GM. Frequency of sodium channel genotypes and association with pyrethrum knockdown time in populations of Californian Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:141. [PMID: 33676552 PMCID: PMC7936502 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their detection in 2013, Aedes aegypti has become a widespread urban pest in California. The availability of cryptic larval breeding sites in residential areas and resistance to insecticides pose significant challenges to control efforts. Resistance to pyrethroids is largely attributed to mutations in the voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC), the pyrethroid site of action. However, past studies have indicated that VGSC mutations may not be entirely predictive of the observed resistance phenotype. METHODS To investigate the frequencies of VGSC mutations and the relationship with pyrethroid insecticide resistance in California, we sampled Ae. aegypti from four locations in the Central Valley, and the Greater Los Angeles area. Mosquitoes from each location were subjected to an individual pyrethrum bottle bioassay to determine knockdown times. A subset of assayed mosquitoes from each location was then analyzed to determine the composition of 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci within the VGSC gene. RESULTS The distribution of knockdown times for each of the five Californian populations sampled was non-parametric with potentially bimodal distributions. One group succumbs to insecticidal effects around 35-45 min and the second group lasts up to and beyond the termination of the assay (120+ min). We detected 5 polymorphic VGSC SNPs within the sampled California populations. One is potentially new and alternatively spliced (I915K), and four are documented and associated with resistance: F1534C, V1016I, V410L and S723T. The Central Valley populations (Clovis, Dinuba, Sanger and Kingsburg) are fairly homogenous with only 5% of the mosquitoes showing heterozygosity at any given position. In the Greater LA mosquitoes, 55% had at least one susceptible allele at any of the five SNP loci. The known resistance allele F1534C was detected in almost all sampled mosquitoes (99.4%). We also observe significant heterogeneity in the knockdown phenotypes of individuals with the identical VGSC haplotypes suggesting the presence of additional undefined resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Resistance associated VGSC SNPs are prevalent, particularly in the Central Valley. Interestingly, among mosquitoes carrying all 4 resistance associated SNPs, we observe significant heterogeneity in bottle bioassay profiles suggesting that other mechanisms are important to the individual resistance of Ae. aegypti in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Mack
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erin Taylor Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yoosook Lee
- University of Florida-Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Katherine K Brisco
- Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Kearney Agricultural Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Victoria Shen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aamina Zahid
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tess van Schoor
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Cornel
- Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Kearney Agricultural Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Corrigendum. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:498. [PMID: 32926598 PMCID: PMC8097547 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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10
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Pinch M, Rodriguez SD, Mitra S, Kandel Y, Moore E, Hansen IA. Low Levels of Pyrethroid Resistance in Hybrid Offspring of a Highly Resistant and a More Susceptible Mosquito Strain. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5866135. [PMID: 32610346 PMCID: PMC7329315 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of insecticides has been a central approach to control disease-transmitting mosquitoes for the last century. The high prevalence of pyrethroid use as public health insecticides has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in many populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), throughout its global distribution range. Insecticide resistance is often correlated with an associated fitness cost. In this project, we studied the phenotypes of hybrid mosquitoes derived from crossing a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Puerto Rico [PR]) with a more susceptible one (Rockefeller [ROCK]). We first sequenced and compared the para gene of both original strains. We then crossed males from one strain with females of the other, creating two hybrids (Puertofeller, Rockorico). We used a Y-tube choice assay to measure the attraction of these strains towards a human host. We then compared the levels of pyrethroid resistance in the different strains. We found three known resistance mutations in the para gene sequence of the PR strain. In our attraction assays, PR females showed lower attraction to humans, than the ROCK females. Both hybrid strains showed strong attraction to a human host. In the insecticide resistance bottle assays, both hybrid strains showed marginal increases in resistance to permethrin compared to the more susceptible ROCK strain. These results suggest that hybrids of sensitive and permethrin-resistant mosquitoes have an incremental advantage compared to more susceptible mosquitoes when challenged with permethrin. This explains the rapid spread of permethrin resistance that was observed many times in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | | | - Soumi Mitra
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Yashoda Kandel
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Emily Moore
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Current address: Department of Pediatrics – Occupational Therapy, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106
| | - Immo A Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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Ayres CFJ, Seixas G, Borrego S, Marques C, Monteiro I, Marques CS, Gouveia B, Leal S, Troco AD, Fortes F, Parreira R, Pinto J, Sousa CA. The V410L knockdown resistance mutation occurs in island and continental populations of Aedes aegypti in West and Central Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008216. [PMID: 32384079 PMCID: PMC7304628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of insecticides for vector control has led to the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations on a global scale, which has significantly compromised control actions. Insecticide resistance, and its underlying mechanisms, has been investigated in several countries, mostly in South American and Asian countries. In Africa, however, studies reporting insecticide resistance are rare and data on resistance mechanisms, notably knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, is scarce. In this study, the recently described V410L kdr mutation is reported for the first time in old world Ae. aegypti populations, namely from Angola and Madeira island. Two additional kdr mutations, V1016I and F1534C, are also reported for the first time in populations from Angola and Cape Verde. Significant associations with the resistance phenotype were found for both V410L and V1016I individually as well as for tri-locus genotypes in the Angolan population. However, no association was found in Madeira island, probably due to the presence of a complex pattern of multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in the local Ae. aegypti population. These results suggest that populations carrying the same kdr mutations may respond differently to the same insecticide, stressing the need for complementary studies when assessing the impact of kdr resistance mechanisms in the outcome of insecticide-based control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constância F. J. Ayres
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Borrego
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia Marques
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inilça Monteiro
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Camila S. Marques
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruna Gouveia
- Instituto de Administração da Saúde IP-RAM, Secretaria Regional de Saúde e Proteção Civil, e Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, Funchal, Região Autónoma da Madeira
| | - Silvania Leal
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde e Segurança Social, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - Arlete D. Troco
- Direção Nacional de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Luanda, Angola
| | - Filomeno Fortes
- Direção Nacional de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Luanda, Angola
| | - Ricardo Parreira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Pinto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla A. Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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Villanueva-Segura OK, Ontiveros-Zapata KA, Lopez-Monroy B, Ponce-Garcia G, Gutierrez-Rodriguez SM, Davila-Barboza JA, Mora-Jasso EDJ, Flores AE. Distribution and Frequency of the kdr Mutation V410L in Natural Populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) From Eastern and Southern Mexico. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:218-223. [PMID: 31504686 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of the viruses that cause dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, for which effective vaccines and drugs are still lacking. Current strategies for suppressing arbovirus outbreaks based on insecticide use pose a challenge because of the rapid increase in resistance. The widespread and excessive use of pyrethroid-based insecticides has created a large selection pressure for a kdr-type resistance, caused by mutations in the para gene of the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc). Our objective was to evaluate the allelic frequency of natural populations of Ae. aegypti of Mexico at codon 410 of the para gene. Twenty-six Ae. aegypti populations from east and southern Mexico were genotyped for the codon 410 using allele-specific PCR. The frequencies of the L410 allele in Ae. aegypti ranged from 0.10 to 0.99; however, most of the frequencies were in the range of 0.36 to 0.64. The highest frequencies were found in three populations from the state of Veracruz, namely, Minatitlan with 0.99, Poza Rica with 0.82, and Jose Cardel with 0.97, along with populations from Cancun in Quintana Roo with 0.93, Frontera in Tabasco with 0.91, and Ciudad del Carmen in Campeche with 0.86. The frequency of the L410 allele was high in all populations of Ae. aegypti with higher values in populations of the southeast of the country. The knowledge of specific substitutions in vgsc and their interaction to confer resistance is essential to predict and develop future strategies for resistance management in Ae. aegypti in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga K Villanueva-Segura
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
| | - Kevin A Ontiveros-Zapata
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
| | - Selene M Gutierrez-Rodriguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
| | - Jesus A Davila-Barboza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
| | - Esteban de J Mora-Jasso
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
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