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Khandelwal P, Langenberg L, Luebbering N, Lake KE, Butcher A, Bota K, Ramos KN, Taggart C, Choe H, Vasu S, Teusink-Cross A, Koo J, Wallace G, Romick-Rosendale L, Watanabe-Chailland M, Haslam DB, Lane A, Davies SM. A randomized phase 2 trial of oral vitamin A for graft-versus-host disease in children and young adults. Blood 2024; 143:1181-1192. [PMID: 38227933 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vitamin A plays a key role in the maintenance of gastrointestinal homeostasis and promotes a tolerogenic phenotype in tissue resident macrophages. We conducted a prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 80 recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were randomized 1:1 to receive pretransplant high-dose vitamin A or placebo. A single oral dose of vitamin A of 4000 IU/kg, maximum 250 000 IU was given before conditioning. The primary end point was incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at day +100. In an intent-to-treat analysis, incidence of acute GVHD was 12.5% in the vitamin A arm and 20% in the placebo arm (P = .5). Incidence of acute gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD was 2.5% in the vitamin A arm (P = .09) and 12.5% in the placebo arm at day +180. Incidence of chronic GVHD was 5% in the vitamin A arm and 15% in the placebo arm (P = .02) at 1 year. In an "as treated" analysis, cumulative incidence of acute GI GVHD at day +180 was 0% and 12.5% in recipients of vitamin A and placebo, respectively (P = .02), and cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 2.7% and 15% in recipients of vitamin A and placebo, respectively (P = .01). The only possibly attributable toxicity was asymptomatic grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia in 1 recipient of vitamin A at day +30, which self-resolved. Absolute CCR9+ CD8+ effector memory T cells, reflecting gut T-cell trafficking, were lower in the vitamin A arm at day +30 after HSCT (P = .01). Levels of serum amyloid A-1, a vitamin A transport protein with proinflammatory effects, were lower in the vitamin A arm. The vitamin A arm had lower interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 levels and likely a more favorable gut microbiome and short chain fatty acids. Pre-HSCT oral vitamin A is inexpensive, has low toxicity, and reduces GVHD. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03202849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khandelwal
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Lucille Langenberg
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Nathan Luebbering
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Kelly E Lake
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Abigail Butcher
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kylie Bota
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Kristie N Ramos
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Cynthia Taggart
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Hannah Choe
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus OH
| | - Sumithira Vasu
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus OH
| | - Ashley Teusink-Cross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
- Division of Pharmacy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jane Koo
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Gregory Wallace
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Lindsey Romick-Rosendale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David B Haslam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | - Stella M Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
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Ohara D, Takeuchi Y, Watanabe H, Lee Y, Mukoyama H, Ohteki T, Kondoh G, Hirota K. Notch2 with retinoic acid license IL-23 expression by intestinal EpCAM+ DCIR2+ cDC2s in mice. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230923. [PMID: 38180443 PMCID: PMC10770806 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of IL-23 in mucosal host defense and disease pathogenesis, the mechanisms regulating the development of IL-23-producing mononuclear phagocytes remain poorly understood. Here, we employed an Il23aVenus reporter strain to investigate the developmental identity and functional regulation of IL-23-producing cells. We showed that flagellin stimulation or Citrobacter rodentium infection led to robust induction of IL-23-producing EpCAM+ DCIR2+ CD103- cDC2s, termed cDCIL23, which was confined to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including the mesenteric lymph nodes, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Notch2 signaling was crucial for the development of EpCAM+ DCIR2+ cDC2s, and the combination of Notch2 signaling with retinoic acid signaling controlled their terminal differentiation into cDCIL23, supporting a two-step model for the development of gut cDCIL23. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the developmental pathways and cellular dynamics of IL-23-producing cDC2s at steady state and during pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiya Ohara
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoonha Lee
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mukoyama
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Peña-Juárez MC, Guadarrama-Escobar OR, Serrano-Castañeda P, Méndez-Albores A, Vázquez-Durán A, Vera-Graziano R, Rodríguez-Pérez B, Salgado-Machuca M, Anguiano-Almazán E, Morales-Florido MI, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Escobar-Chávez JJ. Synergistic Effect of Retinoic Acid and Lactoferrin in the Maintenance of Gut Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38254678 PMCID: PMC10813542 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein that binds to iron ions (Fe2+) and other metallic ions, such as Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, and has antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. The antibacterial properties of LF are due to its ability to sequester iron. The immunomodulatory capability of LF promotes homeostasis in the enteric environment, acting directly on the beneficial microbiota. LF can modulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) biology, including migration and cell activation. Nonetheless, some gut microbiota strains produce toxic metabolites, and APCs are responsible for initiating the process that inhibits the inflammatory response against them. Thus, eliminating harmful strains lowers the risk of inducing chronic inflammation, and consequently, metabolic disease, which can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LF and retinoic acid (RA) exhibit immunomodulatory properties such as decreasing cytokine production, thus modifying the inflammatory response. Their activities have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. The combined, simultaneous effect of these molecules has not been studied; however, the synergistic effect of LF and RA may be employed for enhancing the secretion of humoral factors, such as IgA. We speculate that the combination of LF and RA could be a potential prophylactic alternative for the treatment of metabolic dysregulations such as T2DM. The present review focuses on the importance of a healthy diet for a balanced gut and describes how probiotics and prebiotics with immunomodulatory activity as well as inductors of differentiation and cell proliferation could be acquired directly from the diet or indirectly through the oral administration of formulations aimed to maintain gut health or restore a eubiotic state in an intestinal environment that has been dysregulated by external factors such as stress and a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Concepción Peña-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Omar Rodrigo Guadarrama-Escobar
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Pablo Serrano-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.M.-A.); (A.V.-D.)
| | - Alma Vázquez-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.M.-A.); (A.V.-D.)
| | - Ricardo Vera-Graziano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Betsabé Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Servicio de Análisis de Propóleos (LASAP), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Salgado-Machuca
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Ericka Anguiano-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Miriam Isabel Morales-Florido
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
- Laboratorio de Farmacia Molecular y Liberación Controlada, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Isabel Marlene Rodríguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional e Alta Especialidad de Sumpango, Carretera Zumpango-Jilotzingo #400, Barrio de Santiago, 2ª Sección, Zumpango 55600, Mexico;
| | - José Juan Escobar-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
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Chepngeno J, Amimo JO, Michael H, Raev SA, Jung K, Lee MV, Damtie D, Omwando A, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Vitamin A deficiency and vitamin A supplementation affect innate and T cell immune responses to rotavirus A infection in a conventional sow model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188757. [PMID: 37180172 PMCID: PMC10166828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) causes ~200,000 diarrheal deaths annually in children <5yrs, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors include nutritional status, social factors, breastfeeding status, and immunodeficiency. We evaluated the effects of vitamin A (VA) deficiency/VA supplementation and RVA exposure (anamnestic) on innate and T cell immune responses in RVA seropositive pregnant and lactating sows and passive protection of their piglets post-RVA challenge. Sows were fed VA deficient (VAD) or sufficient (VAS) diets starting at gestation day (GD)30. A subset of VAD sows received VA supplementation from GD|76 (30,000IU/day, VAD+VA). Sows (6 groups) were inoculated with porcine RVA G5P[7] (OSU strain) or Minimal Essential Medium (mock) at GD~90: VAD+RVA; VAS+RVA; VAD+VA+RVA; VAD-mock; VAS-mock; and VAD+VA-mock. Blood, milk, and gut-associated tissues were collected from sows at several time points to examine innate [natural killer (NK), dendritic (DC) cells], T cell responses and changes in genes involved in the gut-mammary gland (MG)-immunological axis trafficking. Clinical signs of RVA were evaluated post inoculation of sows and post-challenge of piglets. We observed decreased frequencies of NK cells, total and MHCII+ plasmacytoid DCs, conventional DCs, CD103+ DCs and CD4+/CD8+ and T regulatory cells (Tregs) and NK cell activity in VAD+RVA sows. Polymeric Ig receptor and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) genes were downregulated in mesenteric lymph nodes and ileum of VAD+RVA sows. Interestingly, RVA-specific IFN-γ producing CD4+/CD8+ T cells were increased in VAD-Mock sows, coinciding with increased IL-22 suggesting inflammation in these sows. VA supplementation to VAD+RVA sows restored frequencies of NK cells and pDCs, and NK activity, but not tissue cDCs and blood Tregs. In conclusion, similar to our recent observations of decreased B cell responses in VAD sows that led to decreased passive immune protection of their piglets, VAD impaired innate and T cell responses in sows, while VA supplementation to VAD sows restored some, but not all responses. Our data reiterate the importance of maintaining adequate VA levels and RVA immunization in pregnant and lactating mothers to achieve optimal immune responses, efficient function of the gut-MG-immune cell-axis and to improve passive protection of their piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Chepngeno
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joshua O. Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Husheem Michael
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sergei A. Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Marcia V. Lee
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Debasu Damtie
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- The Ohio State University Global One Health LLC, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alfred Omwando
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Thirunavukarasu AJ, Ross AC, Gilbert RM. Vitamin A, systemic T-cells, and the eye: Focus on degenerative retinal disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:914457. [PMID: 35923205 PMCID: PMC9339908 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.914457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first discovered vitamin, vitamin A, exists in a range of forms, primarily retinoids and provitamin carotenoids. The bioactive forms of vitamin A, retinol and retinoic acid, have many critical functions in body systems including the eye and immune system. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with dysfunctional immunity, and presents clinically as a characteristic ocular syndrome, xerophthalmia. The immune functions of vitamin A extend to the gut, where microbiome interactions and nutritional retinoids and carotenoids contribute to the balance of T cell differentiation, thereby determining immune status and contributing to inflammatory disease around the whole body. In the eye, degenerative conditions affecting the retina and uvea are influenced by vitamin A. Stargardt’s disease (STGD1; MIM 248200) is characterised by bisretinoid deposits such as lipofuscin, produced by retinal photoreceptors as they use and recycle a vitamin A-derived chromophore. Age-related macular degeneration features comparable retinal deposits, such as drusen featuring lipofuscin accumulation; and is characterised by parainflammatory processes. We hypothesise that local parainflammatory processes secondary to lipofuscin deposition in the retina are mediated by T cells interacting with dietary vitamin A derivatives and the gut microbiome, and outline the current evidence for this. No cures exist for Stargardt’s or age-related macular degeneration, but many vitamin A-based therapeutic approaches have been or are being trialled. The relationship between vitamin A’s functions in systemic immunology and the eye could be further exploited, and further research may seek to leverage the interactions of the gut-eye immunological axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J. Thirunavukarasu
- Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Rose M. Gilbert
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rose M. Gilbert,
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Džopalić T, Božić-Nedeljković B, Jurišić V. The role of vitamin A and vitamin D in modulation of the immune response with a focus on innate lymphoid cells. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:264-269. [PMID: 34764797 PMCID: PMC8568032 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system with its numerous and complex interactions helps to protect the host from pathogenic microorganisms, and enables cleaning of damaged tissues. It is also associated with constant "monitoring" of the appearance of malignant cells and their elimination that can occur in the human body. Such a role depends on many factors including adequate intake of nutrients, including vitamins. The effect of vitamin supplementation on the modulation of the immune response has always been the focus of numerous studies. Vitamins A and D have been shown to have the greatest immune-modulatory effect. In this review, we discuss and consider the possible roles of vitamins A and D on the immune response through innate and adaptive immune cells, with special focus on the cell population recently characterized as innate lymphoid cells. Recent literature data indicate that vitamin A and its metabolites modulate the balance between Th1 and Th2 immunity. In addition, vitamin D expresses protective effects on the innate immune system and inhibitory effects on adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Džopalić
- Department of Immunology, University of Niš, Medical Faculty, Niš, Serbia
| | - Biljana Božić-Nedeljković
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja” Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Burr AHP, Bhattacharjee A, Hand TW. Nutritional Modulation of the Microbiome and Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 205:1479-1487. [PMID: 32900885 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the immune system, diet, and the microbiome are interconnected. Dietary metabolites modulate the cells of the immune system both directly and indirectly via shifts in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its products. As a result, overconsumption and malnutrition can have substantial effects on immune responses and inflammation. In resource-rich nations, diets high in processed foods, fat, and sugar can contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions, which are on the rise worldwide. Conversely, in resource-poor countries, malnutrition associated with food insecurity can lead to immunodeficiencies and shifts in the microbiome that drive intestinal inflammation. Developing a deeper understanding of the relationship between diet, microbiota, and the immune system is of huge importance, given its impact on inflammatory diseases and its potential as an easily modifiable mediator of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansen H P Burr
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Amrita Bhattacharjee
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
| | - Timothy W Hand
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
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Finkelstein JL, Colt S, Layden AJ, Krisher JT, Stewart-Ibarra AM, Polhemus M, Beltrán-Ayala E, Tedesco JM, Cárdenas WB, Endy T, Mehta S. Micronutrients, Immunological Parameters, and Dengue Virus Infection in Coastal Ecuador: A Nested Case-Control Study in an Infectious Disease Surveillance Program. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:91-101. [PMID: 31428794 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrients are known to modulate host immunity, and there is limited literature on this association in the context of dengue virus infection (DENV). METHODS Using a nested case-control design in a surveillance program, we measured the following: anthropometry; nutritional biomarkers including serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, retinol-binding protein (RBP), 25-hydroxy vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12; and a panel of immune response markers. We then compared these measures across 4 illness categories: healthy control, nonfebrile DENV, other febrile illness (OFI), and apparent DENV using multivariate polytomous logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 142 participants, serum ferritin (ng/mL) was associated with apparent DENV compared to healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 2.66; confidence interval [CI], 1.53-4.62; P = .001), and RBP concentrations (µmol/L) were associated with apparent DENV (OR, 0.03; CI, 0.00-0.30; P = .003) and OFI (OR, 0.02; CI, 0.00-0.24; P = .003). In a subset of 71 participants, interleukin-15 levels (median fluorescent intensity) were positively associated with apparent DENV (OR, 1.09; CI, 1.03-1.14; P = .001) and negatively associated with nonfebrile DENV (OR, 0.89; CI, 0.80-0.99; P = .03) compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for the acute-phase response, serum ferritin and RBP concentrations were associated with apparent DENV and may represent biomarkers of clinical importance in the context of dengue illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susannah Colt
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Alexander J Layden
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennyslvania
| | - Jesse T Krisher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Anna M Stewart-Ibarra
- Department of Medicine and Center for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mark Polhemus
- Department of Medicine and Center for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Efraín Beltrán-Ayala
- Ministry of Health, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador.,Department of Medicine, Technical University of Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Julia M Tedesco
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Washington B Cárdenas
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Timothy Endy
- Department of Medicine and Center for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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9
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Ramalho R, Rao M, Zhang C, Agrati C, Ippolito G, Wang FS, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Immunometabolism: new insights and lessons from antigen-directed cellular immune responses. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:279-313. [PMID: 32519148 PMCID: PMC7282544 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by nutrients is an important area of study in cellular biology and clinical sciences in the context of cancer therapies and anti-pathogen-directed immune responses in health and disease. We review metabolic pathways that influence immune cell function and cellular persistence in chronic infections. We also highlight the role of nutrients in altering the tissue microenvironment with lessons from the tumor microenvironment that shapes the quality and quantity of cellular immune responses. Multiple layers of biological networks, including the nature of nutritional supplements, the genetic background, previous exposures, and gut microbiota status have impact on cellular performance and immune competence against molecularly defined targets. We discuss how immune metabolism determines the differentiation pathway of antigen-specific immune cells and how these insights can be explored to devise better strategies to strengthen anti-pathogen-directed immune responses, while curbing unwanted, non-productive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ramalho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Applied Nutrition Studies Group G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chao Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
- I Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Takano T, Endo R, Wang Y, Nakajima-Adachi H, Hachimura S. Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 induces IL-10 production by intestinal dendritic cells. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:39-44. [PMID: 32328399 PMCID: PMC7162692 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.19-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently many researchers have revealed that certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have beneficial effects on the immune system. Understanding the mechanisms of how certain LAB induce
immunomodulatory functions is important for the development of food ingredients that improve our health. Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 has been shown to induce production
of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, by murine in vitro-induced dendritic cells (DCs) and peritoneal macrophages. However, it is probable that in
vitro-induced DCs have different properties compared with intestinal DCs, and the effects of the LAB on intestinal DCs are not fully understood. In this report, we investigated
whether L. plantarum OLL2712 had efficacy for inducing intestinal DCs to produce IL-10 in vitro and whether oral administration of the bacteria induced the
same effect. Co-culture of L. plantarum OLL2712 with purified DCs from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) or Peyer’s patch (PP) elevated IL-10 mRNA expression and protein
production by both kinds of DCs. Addition of the LAB enhanced IL-10 production by T cells during antigen-specific responses in co-culture of MLN or PP DCs and T cells. Oral administration of
L. plantarum OLL2712 for 6 days increased IL-10 gene expression in MLN DCs, and upregulated IL-10 gene expression in PP DCs was observed 12 hr after oral administration of
the LAB. Our results suggested that L. plantarum OLL2712 could modulate immune responses by enhancing IL-10 production from intestinal DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Takano
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Endo
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yimei Wang
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haruyo Nakajima-Adachi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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11
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Chen G, Du YT, Liu JH, Li Y, Zheng L, Qin XS, Cao YM. Modulation of anti-malaria immunity by vitamin A in C57BL/6J mice infected with heterogenic plasmodium. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105882. [PMID: 31520991 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) is an anti-inflammatory agent that is important in modulating and balancing the immune system. The present study aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of vitamin A supplement (VAS) in C57BL/6J mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii 17XL (P.y17XL) or Plasmodium berghei ANKA (P.bANKA). Following VA treatment, parasitaemia decreased, but survival rate did not significantly change during P.y17XL infection. However, in P.bANKA infected C57BL/6J mice, VA pretreatment decreased parasitaemia, and a lag in cerebral malaria (CM) was observed during the early stages of infection. Furthermore, VA pretreatment was also demonstrated to upregulate MHCII expression in dendritic cells (DCs), downregulate Th1 and Tregs, and downregulate TNF-α and IFN-γ production. The results of the current study indicated that VAS downregulated the inflammation response in CM, but did not exhibit an immunoregulatory effect against P.y17XL infection. VAS protected the onset of CM by reducing inflammation, and was also correlated with the downregulation of Th1 by modifying the function of DCs and Tregs. However, no significant effect was observed during P.y17XL infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China; Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China
| | - Yun-Ting Du
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China; Department of Clinical Lab, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Number 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China
| | - Xiao-Song Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ya-Ming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
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12
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Grabowska J, Lopez-Venegas MA, Affandi AJ, den Haan JMM. CD169 + Macrophages Capture and Dendritic Cells Instruct: The Interplay of the Gatekeeper and the General of the Immune System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2472. [PMID: 30416504 PMCID: PMC6212557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the seminal discovery of dendritic cells (DCs) by Steinman and Cohn in 1973, there has been an ongoing debate to what extent macrophages and DCs are related and perform different functions. The current view is that macrophages and DCs originate from different lineages and that only DCs have the capacity to initiate adaptive immunity. Nevertheless, as we will discuss in this review, lymphoid tissue resident CD169+ macrophages have been shown to act in concert with DCs to promote or suppress adaptive immune responses for pathogens and self-antigens, respectively. Accordingly, we propose a functional alliance between CD169+ macrophages and DCs in which a division of tasks is established. CD169+ macrophages are responsible for the capture of pathogens and are frequently the first cell type infected and thereby provide a confined source of antigen. Subsequently, cross-presenting DCs interact with these antigen-containing CD169+ macrophages, pick up antigens and activate T cells. The cross-priming of T cells by DCs is enhanced by the localized production of type I interferons (IFN-I) derived from CD169+ macrophages and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) that induces DC maturation. The interaction between CD169+ macrophages and DCs appears not only to be essential for immune responses against pathogens, but also plays a role in the induction of self-tolerance and immune responses against cancer. In this review we will discuss the studies that demonstrate the collaboration between CD169+ macrophages and DCs in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grabowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Lopez-Venegas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alsya J Affandi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Impact of Retinoic Acid on Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3067126. [PMID: 30158832 PMCID: PMC6109577 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3067126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, organogenesis, and reproduction and a key role in mucosal immune responses. RA promotes dendritic cells to express CD103 and to produce RA, enhances the differentiation of Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cells, and induces gut-homing specificity in T cells. Although vitamin A is crucial for maintaining homeostasis at the intestinal barrier and equilibrating immunity and tolerance, including gut dysbiosis, retinoids perform a wide variety of functions in many settings, such as the central nervous system, skin aging, allergic airway diseases, cancer prevention and therapy, and metabolic diseases. The mechanism of RA is interesting to explore as both a mucosal adjuvant and a combination therapy with other effective agents. Here, we review the effect of RA on innate and adaptive immunity with a special emphasis on inflammatory status.
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14
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Tengeler AC, Kozicz T, Kiliaan AJ. Relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and brain function. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:603-617. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C Tengeler
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pedriatrics, Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
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16
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Phillips BE, Garciafigueroa Y, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Clinical Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: Exploring Therapeutic Impact on Human Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1279. [PMID: 29075262 PMCID: PMC5643419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cell (tDC)-based clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases are now a reality. Clinical trials are currently exploring the effectiveness of tDC to treat autoimmune diseases of type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Crohn's disease. This review will address tDC employed in current clinical trials, focusing on cell characteristics, mechanisms of action, and clinical findings. To date, the publicly reported human trials using tDC indicate that regulatory lymphocytes (largely Foxp3+ T-regulatory cell and, in one trial, B-regulatory cells) are, for the most part, increased in frequency in the circulation. Other than this observation, there are significant differences in the major phenotypes of the tDC. These differences may affect the outcome in efficacy of recently launched and impending phase II trials. Recent efforts to establish a catalog listing where tDC converge and diverge in phenotype and functional outcome are an important first step toward understanding core mechanisms of action and critical "musts" for tDC to be therapeutically successful. In our view, the most critical parameter to efficacy is in vivo stability of the tolerogenic activity over phenotype. As such, methods that generate tDC that can induce and stably maintain immune hyporesponsiveness to allo- or disease-specific autoantigens in the presence of powerful pro-inflammatory signals are those that will fare better in primary endpoints in phase II clinical trials (e.g., disease improvement, preservation of autoimmunity-targeted tissue, allograft survival). We propose that pre-treatment phenotypes of tDC in the absence of functional stability are of secondary value especially as such phenotypes can dramatically change following administration, especially under dynamic changes in the inflammatory state of the patient. Furthermore, understanding the outcomes of different methods of cell delivery and sites of delivery on functional outcomes, as well as quality control variability in the functional outcomes resulting from the various approaches of generating tDC for clinical use, will inform more standardized ex vivo generation methods. An understanding of these similarities and differences, with a reference point the large number of naturally occurring tDC populations with different immune profiles described in the literature, could explain some of the expected and unanticipated outcomes of emerging tDC clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Eugene Phillips
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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17
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Bahreynian M, Qorbani M, Naderimagham S, Nejatinamini S, Ataie- Jafari A, Sharifi F, Saqib F, Khajavi A, Mansourian M, Ahmadishokouh AA, Asayesh H, Safari O, Kelishadi R. Burden of disease attributable to vitamin A deficiency in Iranian population aged less than five years: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:32. [PMID: 28808642 PMCID: PMC5550944 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is considered as one of the most serious public health concerns in developing countriesand the leading cause of mortality in under-five-year-old children.A large number of young children and pregnant women especially in low-income, non-industrialized communities are more susceptible to VAD. This study aims to report the burden of disease (BOD) attributable to VAD in Iranian population aged less than 5 years by using data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2010. METHODS The GBD 2010 study calculated the proportion of deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to VAD by using the comparative risk assessment (CRA). VAD defined as low serum retinol concentrations (plasma retinol concentration < 0.70 umole/L) among children aged less than five. The VAD outcomes consisted of mortality due to diarrhea, measles, malaria, neglected infectious diseases, morbidity due to malaria (children < 5 years), low birth weight and other perinatal conditions. Uncertainty in the estimates is presented as 95% uncertainty interval (UI). RESULTS In 1990, there were 371 (95% UI: 166,665) DALYs due to VAD per 100,000 under five-year-old Iranian children in both sexes. The DALYs rate had a downward trend throughout the following years and reached to 76 (95% UI: 33-139)in 2010.The DALYs in children aged under 5 years was 378 (95% UI: 153-747) years for boys and 363 (95% UI: 148-692) years for girls in 1990 which fell to 79 (95% UI: 32-149) and 73 (95% UI: 29-138) in boys and girls in 2010, respectively. The rates of YLDs attributable to VAD changed in both sexes from 87(95% UI: 34-162) in 1990 to 46 (95% UI: 17-69) in 2010. The highest rate of YLDs attributed to VAD was observed in children aged 1-4. On the other hand, the YLLs were mostly in the 0-1-year-oldchildren in all years except 2010. CONCLUSION It was found that DALYs attributable to VAD in 1990, followed by a considerable reduction rate after a period of two decades, in 2010. Additional studies on the burden of diseases particularly at sub-national level with more accurate data are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahreynian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Baghestan Boulevard, Karaj, 31485/56 Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Naderimagham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Nejatinamini
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Ataie- Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahad Saqib
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Khajavi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Management and Economics Research Center and Department of Health Education and Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Omid Safari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Baghestan Boulevard, Karaj, 31485/56 Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Wiseman EM, Bar-El Dadon S, Reifen R. The vicious cycle of vitamin a deficiency: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3703-3714. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1160362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Manusevich Wiseman
- The Center of Nutrigenomics, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimrit Bar-El Dadon
- The Center of Nutrigenomics, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ram Reifen
- The Center of Nutrigenomics, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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19
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Metabolites: deciphering the molecular language between DCs and their environment. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:177-198. [PMID: 27921148 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) determine the outcome of the immune response based on signals they receive from the environment. Presentation of antigen under various contexts can lead to activation and differentiation of T cells for immunity or dampening of immune responses by establishing tolerance, primarily through the priming of regulatory T cells. Infections, inflammation and normal cellular interactions shape DC responses through direct contact or via cytokine signaling. Although it is widely accepted that DCs sense microbial components through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), increasing evidence advocates for the existence of a set of signals that can profoundly shape DC function via PRR-independent pathways. This diverse group of host- or commensal-derived metabolites represents a newly appreciated code from which DCs can interpret environmental cues. In this review, we discuss the existing information on the effect of some of the most studied metabolites on DC function, together with the implications this may have in immune-mediated diseases.
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20
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Abdala-Valencia H, Soveg F, Cook-Mills JM. γ-Tocopherol supplementation of allergic female mice augments development of CD11c+CD11b+ dendritic cells in utero and allergic inflammation in neonates. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L759-71. [PMID: 26801566 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00301.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Tocopherol increases responses to allergen challenge in allergic adult mice, but it is not known whether γ-tocopherol regulates the development of allergic disease. Development of allergic disease often occurs early in life. In clinical studies and animal models, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergen challenge. Therefore, we determined whether γ-tocopherol augments development of allergic responses in offspring of allergic female mice. Allergic female mice were supplemented with γ-tocopherol starting at mating. The pups from allergic mothers developed allergic lung responses, whereas pups from saline-treated mothers did not respond to allergen challenge. The γ-tocopherol supplementation of allergic female mice increased the numbers of eosinophils twofold in the pup bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs after allergen challenge. There was also about a twofold increase in pup lung CD11b(+) subsets of CD11c(+) dendritic cells and in numbers of these dendritic cells expressing the transcription factor IRF4. There was no change in several CD11b(-) dendritic cell subsets. Furthermore, maternal supplementation with γ-tocopherol increased the number of fetal liver CD11b(+)CD11c(+) dendritic cells twofold in utero. In the pups, γ-tocopherol increased lung expression of the inflammatory mediators CCL11, amphiregulin, activin A, and IL-5. In conclusion, maternal supplementation with γ-tocopherol increased fetal development of subsets of dendritic cells that are critical for allergic responses and increased development of allergic responses in pups from allergic mothers. These results have implications for supplementation of allergic mothers with γ-tocopherol in prenatal vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank Soveg
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Weiskirchen R, Tacke F. Cellular and molecular functions of hepatic stellate cells in inflammatory responses and liver immunology. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 3:344-63. [PMID: 25568859 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a central immunological organ. Liver resident macrophages, Kupffer cells (KC), but also sinusoidal endothelial cells, dendritic cells (DC) and other immune cells are involved in balancing immunity and tolerance against pathogens, commensals or food antigens. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been primarily characterized as the main effector cells in liver fibrosis, due to their capacity to transdifferentiate into collagen-producing myofibroblasts (MFB). More recent studies elucidated the fundamental role of HSC in liver immunology. HSC are not only the major storage site for dietary vitamin A (Vit A) (retinol, retinoic acid), which is essential for proper function of the immune system. This pericyte further represents a versatile source of many soluble immunological active factors including cytokines [e.g., interleukin 17 (IL-17)] and chemokines [C-C motif chemokine (ligand) 2 (CCL2)], may act as an antigen presenting cell (APC), and has autophagy activity. Additionally, it responds to many immunological triggers via toll-like receptors (TLR) (e.g., TLR4, TLR9) and transduces signals through pathways and mediators traditionally found in immune cells, including the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway or inflammasome activation. Overall, HSC promote rather immune-suppressive responses in homeostasis, like induction of regulatory T cells (Treg), T cell apoptosis (via B7-H1, PDL-1) or inhibition of cytotoxic CD8 T cells. In conditions of liver injury, HSC are important sensors of altered tissue integrity and initiators of innate immune cell activation. Vice versa, several immune cell subtypes interact directly or via soluble mediators with HSC. Such interactions include the mutual activation of HSC (towards MFB) and macrophages or pro-apoptotic signals from natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT) and gamma-delta T cells (γδ T-cells) on activated HSC. Current directions of research investigate the immune-modulating functions of HSC in the environment of liver tumors, cellular heterogeneity or interactions promoting HSC deactivation during resolution of liver fibrosis. Understanding the role of HSC as central regulators of liver immunology may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- 1 Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, 2 Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- 1 Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, 2 Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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den Haan JM, Arens R, van Zelm MC. The activation of the adaptive immune system: Cross-talk between antigen-presenting cells, T cells and B cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:103-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abdala-Valencia H, Berdnikovs S, Soveg FW, Cook-Mills JM. α-Tocopherol supplementation of allergic female mice inhibits development of CD11c+CD11b+ dendritic cells in utero and allergic inflammation in neonates. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L482-96. [PMID: 25015974 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00132.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Tocopherol blocks responses to allergen challenge in allergic adult mice, but it is not known whether α-tocopherol regulates the development of allergic disease. Development of allergic disease often occurs early in life. In clinical studies and animal models, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergen challenge. Therefore, we determined whether α-tocopherol blocked development of allergic responses in offspring of allergic female mice. Allergic female mice were supplemented with α-tocopherol starting at mating. The pups from allergic mothers developed allergic lung responses, whereas pups from saline-treated mothers did not respond to the allergen challenge, and α-tocopherol supplementation of allergic female mice resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in eosinophils in the pup bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs after allergen challenge. There was also a reduction in pup lung CD11b(+) dendritic cell subsets that are critical to development of allergic responses, but there was no change in several CD11b(-) dendritic cell subsets. Furthermore, maternal supplementation with α-tocopherol reduced the number of fetal liver CD11b(+) dendritic cells in utero. In the pups, there was reduced allergen-induced lung mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-33, TSLP, CCL11, and CCL24. Cross-fostering pups at the time of birth demonstrated that α-tocopherol had a regulatory function in utero. In conclusion, maternal supplementation with α-tocopherol reduced fetal development of subsets of dendritic cells that are critical for allergic responses and reduced development of allergic responses in pups from allergic mothers. These results have implications for supplementation of allergic mothers with α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank W Soveg
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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