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Chang L, Li M, Zhu Y, Fu Y, Li T, Zhao J, Lv Y, Zhang C, Zhu M, Li Z, Zhao W. Omics-based investigation of pathological liver injury induced by Echinococcus multilocularis infection in mice. Acta Trop 2024; 250:107083. [PMID: 38070722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) can cause severe liver injury and be fatal if left untreated. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options for AE-induced liver injury. Therefore, by exploring the changes of gene proteins in mice with damaged liver, we attempted to identify the key molecules of liver damage, and provide data that will enable the development of drugs targeting hepatic AE. METHODS BALB/c mice were inoculated with protoscoleces via the hepatic portal vein. Three months later, B-ultrasound examination and Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to confirm liver damage in mice. RNA sequencing and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to screen differentially expressed molecules associated with liver damage through bioinformatics, and Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify their expression. RESULTS B-ultrasound examination showed liver lesions in the infected group, and H&E staining showed liver inflammation, fibrosis and liver necrosis. RNA sequencing and LC-MS results showed changes in the levels of more than 1000 genes and proteins, with upregulation of immune and inflammation pathways. By contrast, the downregulated genes and proteins were mostly involved in various metabolic reactions. Correlation analysis was conducted between the transcriptome data and proteome data. The results revealed 240 differentially expressed genes, of which 192 were upregulated, and 48 were downregulated. Many of these genes were involved in metabolic reactions, such as Catalase (Cat), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and IL-16 genes, which may have relevance to liver injury. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with those of bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms of liver injury in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis are complex, involving abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and many other factors. This study provides the data for preliminary exploration for the development of targeted therapies against AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Yong Fu
- Qinghai University, Xining Qinghai China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Yongxue Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Zihua Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China.
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Li F. An exploration of alginate oligosaccharides modulating intestinal inflammatory networks via gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1072151. [PMID: 36778853 PMCID: PMC9909292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1072151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) can be obtained by acidolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. The products obtained by different methods have different structures and physiological functions. AOS have received increasing interest because of their many health-promoting properties. AOS have been reported to exert protective roles for intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota, which is closely associated with intestinal inflammation, gut barrier strength, bacterial infection, tissue injury, and biological activities. However, the roles of AOS in intestinal inflammation network remain not well understood. A review of published reports may help us to establish the linkage that AOS may improve intestinal inflammation network by affecting T helper type 1 (Th1) Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, and their secreted cytokines [the hub genes of protein-protein interaction networks include interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] via the regulation of probiotics. The potential functional roles of molecular mechanisms are explored in this study. However, the exact mechanism for the direct interaction between AOS and probiotics or pathogenic bacteria is not yet fully understood. AOS receptors may be located on the plasma membrane of gut microbiota and will be a key solution to address such an important issue. The present paper provides a better understanding of the protecting functions of AOS on intestinal inflammation and immunity.
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Bao J, Qi W, Sun C, Tian M, Jiao H, Guo G, Guo B, Ren Y, Zheng H, Wang Y, Yan M, Zhang Z, McManus DP, Li J, Zhang W. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and antigen B may decrease inflammatory bowel disease through regulation of M1/2 polarization. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:391. [PMID: 36289514 PMCID: PMC9608937 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by inflammation-related epithelial barrier damage in the intestinal tract. Helminth infection reduces autoimmune disease symptoms through regulation of inflammatory responses based on hygiene theory. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods BALB/c mice were infected with microcysts of E. granulosus sensu stricto and drank water containing 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) at the 100th day post-infection. After 7 days of drinking DSS, the mouse body weight change and disease activity index (DAI) were recorded every day, and colon length and histological score were evaluated after sacrifice. After injection with antigen B (AgB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Fizz1 expression and F4/80+CD11c+ M1 and F4/80+CD206+ M2 in the peritoneal cells and colon tissues were analysed by qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Gut microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing of the mouse faecal samples. For in vitro assay, RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in medium containing AgB before induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, NO in the supernatant was measured, and the expression of cytokine genes associated with macrophages were determined by qRT-PCR. Results Echinococcus granulosus s.s. infection and AgB significantly reduced the symptoms and histological scores of IBD induced by DSS (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that AgB inoculation increased F4/80+ and CD206+ in peritoneal cells. The results of qPCR showed that AgB significantly decreased iNOS and increased Fizz1 expression in the colon of mice inoculated by DSS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, AgB injection led to significant changes in the profiles of five genera (Paraprevotella, Odoribacter, Clostridium cluster XlVa, Oscillibacter, and Flavonifractor) in faecal samples. In vitro analysis showed that AgB reduced NO levels (P < 0.01), with a significant decrease in iNOS expression (P < 0.05) in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. Conclusions Echinococcus granulosus infection and AgB may improve IBD conditions by inducing an M2-predominant cellular (F4/80+ CD206+) profile and decreasing type 1 macrophages (F4/80+CD11c+) in the intestinal lamina propria. In addition, AgB intervention induced changes in the microbiota condition of the gastrointestinal duct and reversed NO expression. Thus, AgB may be a drug candidate for IBD treatment. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05498-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Bao
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Chang Sun
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Mengxiao Tian
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Basic Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| | - Hongjie Jiao
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Gang Guo
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Baoping Guo
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Yuan Ren
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.464306.30000 0004 0410 5707Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- grid.464306.30000 0004 0410 5707Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Mei Yan
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Donald P. McManus
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Jun Li
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Basic Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Sun L, Huang D, Tian M, Shen Y, Deng J, Hou J, Ma Y. Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 Macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 117:409-416. [PMID: 35876088 PMCID: PMC10177676 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The primary objective of this study is to explore whether Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces (PSCs) regulate macrophage polarization and glucose metabolism by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. We found that large numbers of CD68+ macrophages gathered in close liver issue from the lesion in AE patients. PSCs preferentially differentiated into M2 macrophages and the expressions of HK1, PFKL, PKM2, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR and p-mTOR increased. The above results show that Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Key Laboratory of Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Key Laboratory of Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Department of Neurology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Dengliang Huang
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Meiyuan Tian
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Yinhong Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
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Nian X, Li L, Ma X, Li X, Li W, Zhang N, Ohiolei JA, Li L, Dai G, Liu Y, Yan H, Fu B, Xiao S, Jia W. Understanding pathogen–host interplay by expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in the liver of Echinococcus multilocularis-infected mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010435. [PMID: 35639780 PMCID: PMC9187083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) infections occur in the liver of the intermediate host, causing a lethal zoonotic helminthic disease, alveolar echinococcosis (AE). However, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression profiles of the host and the potential regulatory function of lncRNA during Em infection are poorly understood. In this study, the profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the liver of mice at different time points after Em infection were explored by microarray. Thirty-one differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and 68 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were found continuously dysregulated. These DEMs were notably enriched in “antigen processing and presentation”, “Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation” and “Th17 cell differentiation” pathways. The potential predicted function of DELs revealed that most DELs might influence Th17 cell differentiation and TGF-β/Smad pathway of host by trans-regulating SMAD3, STAT1, and early growth response (EGR) genes. At 30 days post-infection (dpi), up-regulated DEMs were enriched in Toll-like and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways, which were validated by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and downstream cytokines detection. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis and serum levels of the corresponding cytokines confirmed the changes in cell-mediated immunity in host during Em infection that showed Th1 and Th17-type CD4+ T-cells were predominant at the early infection stage whereas Th2-type CD4+ T-cells were significantly higher at the middle/late stage. Collectively, our study revealed the potential regulatory functions of lncRNAs in modulating host Th cell subsets and provide novel clues in understanding the influence of Em infection on host innate and adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Nianzhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - John Asekhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- The Instrument Centre of State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HY); (SX); (WJ)
| | - Baoquan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HY); (SX); (WJ)
| | - Wanzhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HY); (SX); (WJ)
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Shin JM, Son YJ, Ha IJ, Erdenebileg S, Jung DS, Song DG, Kim YS, Kim SM, Nho CW. Artemisia argyi extract alleviates inflammation in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model and enhances immunomodulatory effects in lymphoid tissues. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:64. [PMID: 35277165 PMCID: PMC8917695 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal system has increased. IBD, characterized by aberrant immune responses against antigens, is thought to be caused by the invasion of enterobacteria. The pathogenesis of IBD is complicated, hence novel effective therapeutic agents are warranted. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal herb, in alleviating IBD.
Methods
The effectiveness of the A. argyi ethanol extract was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation was induced in RAW 264.7 cells by 1 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. During the ten-day colitis induction, 200 mg/kg of A. argyi ethanol extract was orally administered to the treatment group. Levels of inflammation-related proteins and genes were analyzed in the colon, serum, and lymphoid tissues, i.e., Peyer’s patches (PPs) and spleen. The chemical constituent of the A. argyi ethanol extract was identified using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis.
Results
A. argyi ethanol extract treatment ameliorated IBD symptoms and reduced the expression of inflammation-related proteins and genes in the colon and serum samples. Furthermore, A. argyi treatment induced the activation of anti-oxidative associated proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); and the treatment have also inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a central mediator of inflammatory responses. A. argyi enhanced the immunomodulatory effects in the PPs and spleen, which may stem from interleukin-10 (IL-10) upregulation. Chemical analysis identified a total of 28 chemical compounds, several of which have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects.
Conclusions
The effectiveness of the A. argyi ethanol extract in alleviating IBD was demonstrated; application of the extract successfully mitigated IBD symptoms, and enhanced immunomodulatory responses in lymphoid tissues. These findings suggest A. argyi as a promising herbal medicine for IBD treatment.
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Grüner B, Peters L, Hillenbrand A, Voßberg P, Schweiker J, Rollmann EG, Rodriguez LH, Blumhardt J, Burkert S, Kern P, Köhler C, Soboslay PT. Echinococcus multilocularis specific antibody, systemic cytokine, and chemokine levels, as well as antigen-specific cellular responses in patients with progressive, stable, and cured alveolar echinococcosis: A 10-year follow-up. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010099. [PMID: 35108275 PMCID: PMC8809567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The infestation with Echinococcus multilocularis larvae may persist in humans for up to decades without evident clinical symptoms. Longitudinal investigations are needed to understand the dynamic immunological processes in alveolar echinococcosis (AE) patients associated with an active and progressive, a stable or a regressive course of disease. Methodology/Principal findings This study evaluated the E. multilocularis specific antibody responses, systemic cytokine, and chemokine serum levels over a 10-year follow-up period, as well as cellular responsiveness in AE patients. Our results demonstrate a rapid decrease in antibodies against E. multilocularis specific antigen Em2+. Especially in cured patients, these antibodies remained negative, making them a significant predictor for cured AE. E. multilocularis specific IgG4, and indirect hemagglutination IHA decreased later in time, after around 5 years. While total IgE did not show significant dynamics over the course of disease, E. multilocularis specific IgE decreased after one to two years, and increasing levels were a significant predictor of progressive disease. There was no significant change in systemic IL-8, IL-9, CCL18 or CCL20 serum levels over time. Univariate analysis across groups indicated lower IL-8 levels in cured patients; however, this result could not be confirmed by multivariate analysis. Levels of CCL17 decreased during treatment, especially in cured patients, and thus might serve as a predictive or risk factor for progressive disease. Levels of IL-10 and CCL13 decreased during disease, especially after five and ten years of intervention. The E. multilocularis antigen (EmAg) inducible cellular productions of MCP1(CCL13), TARC(CCL17) and PARC(CCL18) were lowest in patients with cured AE and infection-free controls, while the EmAg inducible cellular production of IFN-γ increased after cure. Significant positive cytokine and chemokine correlations were observed in AE patients for IL-9, IL-10, CCL13(MCP-4), CCL17(TARC) and CCL20(LARC)(for all p<0.001). E. multilocularis specific IgG4 response correlated positively with TARC (p<0.001). Both markers enhanced over time in progressive disease and decreased after cure. The levels of IL-8, IL-10, MCP4 and LARC enhanced with AE regression. Conclusions/Significance Repeated biomarker surveys are advisable to evaluate progression or regression of disease during longitudinal follow-up and such analyses can support imaging techniques and improve staging of AE patients. Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, the fox tapeworm. Humans exposed to E. multilocularis may develop severe AE with progressive tissue and organ infiltrating growth of the larval stage. The E. multilocularis larvae appear to have developed effective immune evasion mechanisms which facilitate an asymptomatic incubation and an extended host and parasite coexistence for decades. Over a 10-year follow-up, this investigation aimed to gain a better understanding of the immunological process associated with an active and progressive, a stable or a regressive course of AE. In summary, the rapid decrease of antibodies against the E. multilocularis specific antigen Em2+, especially in cured patients, makes them a significant predictor for cured AE. The positive relation of E. multilocularis specific IgG4 responses and chemokine levels of TARC can indicate AE progression when both enhance over time. Enhanced levels of cytokines IL-8, IL-10, and chemokines MCP4 and LARC may predict AE regression. Repeated biomarker surveys are advisable to evaluate progression or regression of AE during longitudinal follow up, and such analyses can support imaging techniques and improve staging of AE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Grüner
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lynn Peters
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hillenbrand
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Voßberg
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schweiker
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth G. Rollmann
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura H. Rodriguez
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Blumhardt
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sanne Burkert
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Kern
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Köhler
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter T. Soboslay
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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8
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Recombinant Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic Drug in an Acute Gram-Negative Nonhuman Primate Sepsis Model. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0191021. [PMID: 34937173 PMCID: PMC8694124 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01910-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their phylogenetic proximity to humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are considered an adequate choice for a basic and preclinical model of sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria are the primary causative of sepsis. During infection, bacteria continuously release the potent toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the bloodstream, which triggers an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response leading to death. Our previous research has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of septic shock that Fh15, a recombinant variant of the Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein, acts as an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) suppressing the LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine storm. The present communication is a proof-of concept study aimed to demonstrate that a low-dose of Fh15 suppresses the cytokine storm and other inflammatory markers during the early phase of sepsis induced in rhesus macaques by intravenous (i.v.) infusion with lethal doses of live Escherichia coli. Fh15 was administered as an isotonic infusion 30 min prior to the bacterial infusion. Among the novel findings reported in this communication, Fh15 (i) significantly prevented bacteremia, suppressed LPS levels in plasma, and the production of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, which are key signatures of inflammation and bacterial infection, respectively; (ii) reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines; and (iii) increased innate immune cell populations in blood, which suggests a role in promoting a prolonged steady state in rhesus macaques even in the presence of inflammatory stimuli. This report is the first to demonstrate that a F. hepatica-derived molecule possesses potential as an anti-inflammatory drug against sepsis in an NHP model. IMPORTANCE Sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria affects 1.7 million adults annually in the United States and is one of the most important causes of death at intensive care units. Although the effective use of antibiotics has resulted in improved prognosis of sepsis, the pathological and deathly effects have been attributed to the persistent inflammatory cascade. There is a present need to develop anti-inflammatory agents that can suppress or neutralize the inflammatory responses and prevent the lethal consequences of sepsis. We demonstrated here that a small molecule of 14.5 kDa can suppress the bacteremia, endotoxemia, and many other inflammatory markers in an acute Gram-negative sepsis rhesus macaque model. These results reinforce the notion that Fh15 constitutes an excellent candidate for drug development against sepsis.
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9
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Shan W, Zhang W, Xue F, Ma Y, Dong L, Wang T, Zheng Y, Feng D, Chang M, Yuan G, Wang X. Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 inhibits acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:455. [PMID: 34488863 PMCID: PMC8422783 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harnessing helminth-based immunoregulation is a novel therapeutic strategy for many immune dysfunction disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We previously identified a small molecule peptide from Schistosoma japonicum and named it SJMHE1. SJMHE1 can suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity, collagen-induced arthritis and asthma in mice. In this study, we assessed the effects of SJMHE1 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic colitis. METHODS Acute and chronic colitis were induced in C57BL/6 mice by DSS, following which the mice were injected with an emulsifier SJMHE1 or phosphate-buffered saline. The mice were then examined for body weight loss, disease activity index, colon length, histopathological changes, cytokine expression and helper T (Th) cell subset distribution. RESULTS SJMHE1 treatment significantly suppressed DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis, improved disease activity and pathological damage to the colon and modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes and the colon. In addition, SJMHE1 treatment reduced the percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells and increased the percentage of Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the splenocytes and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice with acute colitis. Similarly, SJMHE1 treatment upregulated the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA, downregulated the expression of IL-17 mRNA and modulated the Th cell balance in mice with chronic colitis. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that SJMHE1 provided protection against acute and chronic colitis by restoring the immune balance. As a small molecule, SJMHE1 might be a novel agent for the treatment of IBDs without immunogenicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Shan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhe Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jintan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingqi Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Long SR, Liu RD, Kumar DV, Wang ZQ, Su CW. Immune Protection of a Helminth Protein in the DSS-Induced Colitis Model in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664998. [PMID: 33995396 PMCID: PMC8117093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk of colorectal cancer, and it has the potential to diminish the quality of life. Recent clinical and experimental evidence demonstrate protective aspects of parasitic helminth infection against IBD. Reports have highlighted the potential use of helminths and their byproducts as potential treatment for IBD. In the current study, we studied the effect of a newborn larvae-specific serine protease from Trichinella spiralis (TsSp) on the host immune and inflammatory responses. A 49-kDa recombinant TsSp (rTsSp) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified. The cytotoxicity of rTsSp was analyzed. The immune protective effect of rTsSp was studied by using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model. The result illustrated that rTsSp has no toxic effects on cells. We further demonstrated that administration of the rTsSp without the additional adjuvant before the induction of DSS-induced colitis reduced the severity of intestinal inflammation and the disease index; it suppressed macrophage infiltration, reduced TNF-α secretion, and induced IL-10 expression. Our findings suggest therapeutic potential of rTsSp on colitis by altering the effect of macrophages. Data also suggest immunotherapy with rTsSp holds promise for use as an additional strategy to positively modulate inflammatory processes involved in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deepak Vijaya Kumar
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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11
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Abulizi A, Shao Y, Aji T, Li Z, Zhang C, Aini A, Wang H, Tuxun T, Li L, Zhang N, Lin R, Wen H. Echinococcus multilocularis inoculation induces NK cell functional decrease through high expression of NKG2A in C57BL/6 mice. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:792. [PMID: 31500589 PMCID: PMC6734356 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis), and considered as public health issue. Parasite-host immune interaction is pivotal during infection. As a subset of innate lymphoid cells, NK cells are known to play an important role during virus, bacteria, intra/extracellular parasitic infections and tumor progression. However, the possible role of NK cells in E. multilocularis infection in both human and murine is little known. Herein, the functional alteration of hepatic NK cells and their related molecules in E. multilocularis infected mice were studied. METHODS 2000 protoscoleces (PSCs) were injected to C57BL/6 mice via the portal vein to establish secondary E. multilocularis infection. NK cells population and their related molecules (CD69, Ly49D, Ly49G2, Ly49H, Ly49I, NKG2A, NKG2D, granzyme B, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were assessed by using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) techniques and qRT-PCR. NK cell depletion was performed for further understanding the possible function of NK cells during infection. RESULTS The total frequencies of NK cells and NK-derived IFN-γ production were significantly reduced at designated time points (2, 4, 12 weeks). The liver resident (CD49a+DX5-) NK cells are decreased at 4 weeks after inoculation and which is significantly lower than in control mice. Moreover, in vivo antibody-mediated NK cell depletion increased parasitic load and decreased peri-parasitic fibrosis. Expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A was negatively related to NK- derived IFN-γ secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed down regulates of NK cells and upper regulates of NKG2A expression on NK cells during E. multilocularis infection. Reduction of NK cell frequencies and increased NKG2A might result in low cytotoxic activity through decreased IFN-γ secretion in E. multilocularis infection. This result might be helpful to restore NK cell related immunity against E. multilocularis infection to treat alveolar echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuduaini Abulizi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Zhide Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Chuanshan Zhang
- WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Abudusalamu Aini
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Hui Wang
- WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Liang Li
- WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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12
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Lachenmayer A, Gebbers D, Gottstein B, Candinas D, Beldi G. Elevated incidence of alveolar echinococcosis in immunocompromised patients. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2019; 16:e00060. [PMID: 32095630 PMCID: PMC7034048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent experimental data has revealed that the course of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) depends on adaptive immunity. For this study, we aimed to analyze the incidence and outcome of AE in immunocompromised humans. Material and methods Retrospective analysis of 131 patients with a median age of 54 years treated for AE between 1971 and 2017 at a Swiss tertiary referral Centre. Fifty-two percent were females and 65 patients (50%) were diagnosed incidentally. Fourteen patients (16%) were operated on laparoscopically. Overall, median follow-up was 48 months. Results New diagnoses have increased fourfold in immunocompetent and tenfold in immunocompromised patients in the past decade (p ≤ 0.005). Forty-one patients (31.3%) had co-existing or previous immunosuppressive conditions including 16 malignancies (36%), 11 auto-immune diseases or immunosuppressive therapies (31%), 5 infectious diseases (11%), 4 chronic asthma conditions (9%), 2 previous transplantations (4%) and 4 other immunocompromising conditions (9%). Serum levels of anti-Em18, −Em2 and -EgHF antibodies were neither associated with immunocompetence at diagnosis nor during follow-up, but significantly decreased after treatment with benzimidazole (n = 43) or surgery (n = 88) in all patients. Adjuvant therapy for ≥1 year (p = 0.007) with benzimidazole and resection status (R0) (p = 0.002) were both correlated with recurrence-free survival. Survival at 5 and 10 years after surgery was 97% and 94%, respectively, and after conservative treatment 91% and 73%, respectively. Curative surgery (p = 0.014) and immunocompetence (p = 0.048) correlated significantly with overall survival. Conclusion The incidence of human AE has increased over the last 2 decades with surgical interventions resulting in excellent outcomes. We have observed an association of immunosuppressive conditions with both incidence and survival of AE eventually justifying the implementation of a screening program for patients at risk in endemic regions. Alveolar echinococcosis incidence increased significantly in Switzerland. Immunosuppression may lead to an increased susceptibility for the disease. Coexisting immunosuppressive conditions lead to worse survival of AE. Adjuvant treatment with benzimidazole increases recurrence-free survival. Resections with sufficient safety margin improve recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lachenmayer
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Gebbers
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Gottstein
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, Li J, Vuitton DA, Zhang W, McManus DP. Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00075-18. [PMID: 30760475 PMCID: PMC6431127 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00075-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). This serious and near-cosmopolitan disease continues to be a significant public health issue, with western China being the area of highest endemicity for both the cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) forms of echinococcosis. Considerable advances have been made in the 21st century on the genetics, genomics, and molecular epidemiology of the causative parasites, on diagnostic tools, and on treatment techniques and control strategies, including the development and deployment of vaccines. In terms of surgery, new procedures have superseded traditional techniques, and total cystectomy in CE, ex vivo resection with autotransplantation in AE, and percutaneous and perendoscopic procedures in both diseases have improved treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, control, and prevention of CE and AE. Currently there is no alternative drug to albendazole to treat echinococcosis, and new compounds are required urgently. Recently acquired genomic and proteomic information can provide a platform for improving diagnosis and for finding new drug and vaccine targets, with direct impact in the future on the control of echinococcosis, which continues to be a global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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