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Perea L, Bottier M, Cant E, Richardson H, Dicker AJ, Shuttleworth M, Giam YH, Abo-Leyah H, Finch S, Huang JTJ, Shteinberg M, Goeminne PC, Polverino E, Altenburg J, Blasi F, Welte T, Aliberti S, Sibila O, Chalmers JD, Shoemark A. Airway IL-1β is related to disease severity and mucociliary function in bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J 2024; 64:2301966. [PMID: 38811046 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01966-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The inflammasome is a key regulatory complex of the inflammatory response leading to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release and activation. IL-1β amplifies inflammatory responses and induces mucus secretion and hyperconcentration in other diseases. The role of IL-1β in bronchiectasis has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES To characterise the role of airway IL-1β in bronchiectasis, including the association with mucus properties, ciliary function, airway inflammation, microbiome and disease severity. METHODS Stable bronchiectasis patients were enrolled in an international cohort study (n=269). IL-1β was measured in sputum supernatant. A validation cohort also had sputum rheology and hydration measured (n=53). For analysis, patients were stratified according to the median value of IL-1β in the population (high versus low) to compare disease severity, airway infection, microbiome (16S rRNA sequencing), inflammation and caspase-1 activity. Primary human nasal epithelial cells grown in air-liquid interface culture were used to study the effect of IL-1β on cilia function. RESULTS Patients with high sputum IL-1β had more severe disease, increased caspase-1 activity and an increased T-helper type 1, T-helper type 2 and neutrophil inflammatory response compared with patients with low IL-1β. The active-dominant form of IL-1β was associated with increased disease severity. High IL-1β was related to higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the microbiome and increased mucus solid content and viscoelastic properties. Chronic IL-1β treatment reduced the functionality of cilia and tight junctions of epithelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS A subset of stable bronchiectasis patients show increased airway IL-1β, suggesting pulmonary inflammasome activation is linked with more severe disease, airway infection, mucus dehydration and epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Perea
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathieu Bottier
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erin Cant
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hollian Richardson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alison J Dicker
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Morven Shuttleworth
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Yan Hui Giam
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hani Abo-Leyah
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Simon Finch
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jeffrey T-J Huang
- Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Respiratory Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Senior authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Senior authors contributed equally to this manuscript
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Yehia D, Leung C, Sin DD. Clinical utilization of airway inflammatory biomarkers in the prediction and monitoring of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:409-421. [PMID: 38635513 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2344777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounts for 545 million people living with chronic respiratory disorders and is the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. COPD is a progressive disease, characterized by episodes of acute worsening of symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and sputum production. AREAS COVERED Airway inflammation is a prominent feature of COPD. Chronic airway inflammation results in airway structural remodeling and emphysema. Persistent airway inflammation is a treatable trait of COPD and plays a significant role in disease development and progression. In this review, the authors summarize the current and emerging biomarkers that reveal the heterogeneity of airway inflammation subtypes, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic response in COPD. EXPERT OPINION Airway inflammation can be broadly categorized as eosinophilic (type 2 inflammation) and non-eosinophilic (non-type 2 inflammation) in COPD. Currently, blood eosinophil counts are incorporated in clinical practice guidelines to identify COPD patients who are at a higher risk of exacerbations and lung function decline, and who are likely to respond to inhaled corticosteroids. As new therapeutics are being developed for the chronic management of COPD, it is essential to identify biomarkers that will predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Yehia
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clarus Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Colvin KL, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Hickey F, Yeager ME. Altered peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations, function, and gene expression in children with Down syndrome: implications for respiratory tract infection. Eur J Med Genet 2024; 68:104922. [PMID: 38325643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that aberrant expression of Hsa21-encoded interferon genes in peripheral blood immune cells would correlate to immune cell dysfunction in children with Down syndrome (DS). STUDY DESIGN We performed flow cytometry to quantify peripheral blood leukocyte subtypes and measured their ability to migrate and phagocytose. In matched samples, we measured gene expression levels for constituents of interferon signaling pathways. We screened 49 children, of which 29 were individuals with DS. RESULTS We show that the percentages of two peripheral blood myeloid cell subtypes (alternatively-activated macrophages and low-density granulocytes) in children with DS differed significantly from typical children, children with DS circulate a very different pattern of cytokines vs. typical individuals, and higher expression levels of type III interferon receptor Interleukin-10Rb in individuals with DS correlated with reduced migratory and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Increased susceptibility to severe and chronic infection in children with DS may result from inappropriate numbers and subtypes of immune cells that are phenotypically and functionally altered due to trisomy 21 associated interferonopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley L Colvin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA
| | | | - Francis Hickey
- Anna and John J. Sie Center for Down Syndrome, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Michael E Yeager
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA.
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Alarabei AA, Abd Aziz NAL, AB Razak NI, Abas R, Bahari H, Abdullah MA, Hussain MK, Abdul Majid AMS, Basir R. Immunomodulating Phytochemicals: An Insight Into Their Potential Use in Cytokine Storm Situations. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:105-119. [PMID: 38585461 PMCID: PMC10997936 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are compounds found in plants that possess a variety of bioactive properties, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of phytochemicals in targeting specific signalling pathways involved in cytokine storm, a life-threatening clinical condition resulting from excessive immune cell activation and oversupply of proinflammatory cytokines. Several studies have documented the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals on immune function, including their ability to regulate essential cellular and molecular interactions of immune system cells. This makes them a promising alternative for cytokine storm management, especially when combined with existing chemotherapies. Furthermore, phytochemicals have been found to target multiple signalling pathways, including the TNF-α/NF-κB, IL-1/NF-κB, IFN-γ/JAK/STAT, and IL-6/JAK-STAT. These pathways play critical roles in the development and progression of cytokine storm, and targeting them with phytochemicals represents a promising strategy for controlling cytokine release and the subsequent inflammation. Studies have also investigated certain families of plant-related constituents and their potential immunomodulatory actions. In vivo and in vitro studies have reported the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals, which provide viable alternatives in the management of cytokine storm syndrome. The collective data from previous studies suggest that phytochemicals represent a potentially functional source of cytokine storm treatment and promote further exploration of these compounds as immunomodulatory agents for suppressing specific signalling cascade responses. Overall, the previous research findings support the use of phytochemicals as a complementary approach in managing cytokine storm and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalam Abdullah Alarabei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aimi Liyana Abd Aziz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izah AB Razak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairi Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- Natureceuticals Sdn Bhd, Kedah Halal Park, Kawasan Perindustrian Sg. Petani, 08000 Sg. Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Antoine M, Perceval M, Nove-Josserand R, Durieu I, Reynaud Q. Extra respiratory comorbidities in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 119:151-153. [PMID: 37923586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Antoine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - M Perceval
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - R Nove-Josserand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - I Durieu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France
| | - Q Reynaud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France
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Taxifolin ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109577. [PMID: 36584569 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and lung parenchymal cell apoptosis. Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for the occurrence and development of COPD. Taxifolin (TAX) showed promising pharmacological effects in the management of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. In the present study, our results demonstrated that TAX significantly alleviated cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. TAX notably lowered the elevated total cell count in mouse BALF compared with that in the COPD group. The cigarette smoke-induced emphysematous changes were remarkably reversed by TAX. In addition, treatment with TAX suppressed the elevated mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in COPD mouse lung tissue and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Additionally, TAX significantly decreased the ratios of p-iκB to iκB and p-p65 to p65 compared with the COPD group and CSE-treated HBECs. Moreover, the results of the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry also demonstrated the anti-apoptotic effect of TAX in mouse lung tissue and HBECs. Furthermore, the elevated Bax and CCP3 levels and decreased Bcl-2 levels induced by cigarette smoke were significantly reversed by TAX treatment in vivo and in vitro. Our results highlight the ameliorating effects of TAX against cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Effective-Component Compatibility of Bufei Yishen Formula III Combined with Electroacupuncture Suppresses Inflammatory Response in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via Regulating SIRT1/NF- κB Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3360771. [PMID: 35586807 PMCID: PMC9110177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3360771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore more efficient treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula III (ECC-BYF III) and electroacupuncture were tested on rats with COPD, and silent information regulator transcript-1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling was further investigated to interpret the therapy. Methods In total, 70 rats were randomly divided into control (Control), model (Model), aminophylline (APL), ECC-BYF III, electroacupuncture (EA), ECC-BYF III+EA, and sham electroacupuncture (SA) groups. Cigarette smoke exposure combined with repeated bacterial infections was used to establish COPD models in 1-12 weeks. From 13 to 20 weeks, the ECC-BYF III and APL groups received corresponding drugs; the EA group received electroacupuncture therapy, wherein Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), and Shenshu (BL 23) points were selected; the ECC-BYF III+EA group received ECC-BYF III intragastrically combined with electroacupuncture; and the SA group received simulated electroacupuncture (nonacupoint). Pulmonary function, pulmonary histopathology, the expressions of SIRT1/NF-κB signaling, and inflammation-related mRNA and protein were detected. Results Significant deterioration was observed in pulmonary function and pulmonary histopathology in rats with COPD (P < 0.01), and inflammatory state was illustrated by increased levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and decreased levels of IL-10 (P < 0.01). After the intervention of APL, ECC-BYF III, EA, and ECC-BYF III+EA, both pulmonary function and pulmonary histopathology were improved (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), whereas the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased and IL-10 was increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Additionally, the mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, and acetylated NF-κBp65 (Ac-NF-κB) were noted to decrease, and SIRT1 and IL-10 were increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01); the protein expression of SIRT1 was upregulated, and NF-κBp65 and Ac-NF-κB were downregulated (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). The effect of ECC-BYF III+EA was better in terms of improving pulmonary function and alleviating inflammation than that of the other treatment groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Conclusions ECC-BYF III, electroacupuncture, and their combination can suppress inflammation, among which the combination therapy has been proven to be the most effective treatment, and the mechanism may be involved in activating SIRT1/NF-κB signaling.
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Zhang C, Wang X, Wang C, He C, Ma Q, Li J, Wang W, Xu YT, Wang T. Qingwenzhike Prescription Alleviates Acute Lung Injury Induced by LPS via Inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:790072. [PMID: 35002723 PMCID: PMC8733650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.790072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by dysfunction of the alveolar epithelial membrane caused by acute inflammation and tissue injury. Qingwenzhike (QWZK) prescription has been demonstrated to be effective against respiratory viral infections in clinical practices, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. So far, the chemical compositions, protective effects on ALI, and possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unknown. Methods: In this study, the compositions of QWZK were determined via the linear ion trap/electrostatic field orbital trap tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS). To test the protective effects of QWZK on ALI, an ALI model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats was used. The effects of QWZK on the LPS-induced ALI were evaluated by pathological changes and the number and classification of white blood cell (WBC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). To investigate the possible underlying mechanisms, the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and immunoregulatory-related factors interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected by ELISA. Furthermore, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p-IKKα/β, IKKα, IKKβ, p-IκBα, IκBα, p-NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and β-actin were tested by Western blot. Results: A total of 99 compounds were identified in QWZK, including 33 flavonoids, 23 phenolic acids, 3 alkaloids, 3 coumarins, 20 triterpenoids, 5 anthraquinones, and 12 others. ALI rats induced by LPS exhibited significant increase in neutrophile, significant decrease in lymphocyte, and evidently thicker alveolar wall than control animals. QWZK reversed the changes in WBC count and alveolar wall to normal level on the model of ALI induced by LPS. ELISA results revealed that QWZK significantly reduced the overexpression of proinflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and IFN-γ induced by LPS. Western blot results demonstrated that QWZK significantly downregulated the overexpression of TLR4, p-IKKα/β, p-IκBα, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and ASC induced by LPS, which suggested that QWZK inhibited TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Conclusions: The chemical compositions of QWZK were first identified. It was demonstrated that QWZK showed protective effects on ALI induced by LPS. The possible underlying mechanisms of QWZK on ALI induced by LPS was via inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This work suggested that QWZK is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatments of ALI and pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng He
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiling Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Li Z, He P, Ding H, Gong L, Wu J, Zhong C, Liu D. Association between peripheral blood WBCs C3aR mRNA level and plasma C3a, C3aR, IL-1β concentrations and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immunobiology 2021; 227:152164. [PMID: 34923262 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between C3a-C3aR, IL-1β, and the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is still unclear. This study aims to explore the expression levels of C3aR in peripheral blood WBCs and the concentrations of C3a, C3aR, and IL-1β in plasma in healthy controls and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS WBCs C3aR level in the peripheral blood, the concentrations of C3a, C3aR, and IL-1β in plasma were measured in 60 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), 30 patients with stable COPD (SCOPD), and 30 healthy controls. The baseline characteristics and clinical data collected from enrolled patients, including age, gender, laboratory indicators, and lung function. We analyzed the correlation between C3a, C3aR, IL-1β, and lung function indicators (forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of predicted value, FEV1%pred) in the AECOPD group. RESULTS The white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) of patients in COPD were higher than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). The peripheral blood WBCs C3aR mRNA and plasma C3a, C3aR, and IL-1β in AECOPD were higher than in SCOPD and healthy controls (P < 0.05). The peripheral blood WBCs C3aR mRNA and plasma C3aR, and IL-1β in AECOPD combined with respiratory failure were higher than in the non-respiratory failure group (P < 0.05). The peripheral blood WBCs C3aR mRNA and plasma C3a, C3aR, and IL-1β in AECOPD with high-risk were higher than in the low-risk group (P < 0.05). The peripheral blood WBCs C3aR mRNA and plasma C3a, C3aR, and IL-1β in AECOPD were negatively correlated with FEV1pred%. The peripheral blood WBCs C3aR mRNA, the plasma C3a and C3aR in AECOPD were positively correlated with IL-1β. CONCLUSION The peripheral blood WBCs C3aR mRNA and plasma C3a, C3aR, and IL-1β in COPD patients were significantly related to the risk of disease deterioration. The C3a-C3aR axis may be involved in airway inflammation in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), 563000 Guizhou, China
| | - Peiyong He
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, 621000 Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), 563000 Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Scientific Research Center, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), 563000 Guizhou, China
| | - Chengyao Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Geriatrics and Otolaryngology, Chongqing Public Health Medical, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Daishun Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China.
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Li X, Shao M, Zeng X, Qian P, Huang H. Signaling pathways in the regulation of cytokine release syndrome in human diseases and intervention therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:367. [PMID: 34667157 PMCID: PMC8526712 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) embodies a mixture of clinical manifestations, including elevated circulating cytokine levels, acute systemic inflammatory symptoms and secondary organ dysfunction, which was first described in the context of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and was later observed in pandemics of influenza, SARS-CoV and COVID-19, immunotherapy of tumor, after chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy, and in monogenic disorders and autoimmune diseases. Particularly, severe CRS is a very significant and life-threatening complication, which is clinically characterized by persistent high fever, hyperinflammation, and severe organ dysfunction. However, CRS is a double-edged sword, which may be both helpful in controlling tumors/viruses/infections and harmful to the host. Although a high incidence and high levels of cytokines are features of CRS, the detailed kinetics and specific mechanisms of CRS in human diseases and intervention therapy remain unclear. In the present review, we have summarized the most recent advances related to the clinical features and management of CRS as well as cutting-edge technologies to elucidate the mechanisms of CRS. Considering that CRS is the major adverse event in human diseases and intervention therapy, our review delineates the characteristics, kinetics, signaling pathways, and potential mechanisms of CRS, which shows its clinical relevance for achieving both favorable efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121 People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Shao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121 People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121 People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121 People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCenter of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121 People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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11
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Protective Effect of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction-Mediated Inhibition of ROS/NLRP3 Axis on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8257495. [PMID: 34616481 PMCID: PMC8490040 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8257495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background As a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) could reduce the incidence of lung infection of patients with cerebral infarction. Nonetheless, the therapeutic mechanisms of XXMD in acute lung injury (ALI) remain to be elucidated. Our study was aimed to assess the effects of XXMD protects against ALI. Methods ALI model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. In vitro, human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) were treated with XXMD and were followed by LPS treatment. The levels of ZO-1, CLDN4, NLRP3, and caspase 1 were detected by Western blot, and the content of IL-1 and IL-18 was determined by ELISA. Transepithelial electrical resistance was used to detect the cell permeability. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within the cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Our results showed that XXMD attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress, barrier dysfunction, and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro, as evidenced by enhanced ROS production, TEER levels, expression of NLRP3 and caspase 1 (p20) and release of IL-1β and IL-18, and weakened cell permeability. In addition, XXMD could counteract the effects of NLRP3 overexpression on HPAEpiC and vice versa. XXMD treatment also ameliorated the degree of neutrophil infiltration, barrier dysfunction, and the activation of NLRP3 in LPS-induced ALI lung tissues in vivo. Conclusion The findings showed that XXMD could alleviate LPS-induced ALI injury and inhibit inflammation and suppress ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which were involved in these protective effects.
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12
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Gozzi-Silva SC, Teixeira FME, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN, Oliveira LDM. Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve? Front Nutr 2021; 8:674258. [PMID: 34557509 PMCID: PMC8453008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.674258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium), flavonoids and fatty acids, play important roles in reducing the risk of pulmonary chronic diseases and viral infections. Through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, nutrients are associated with better lung function and a lower risk of complications since they can decrease the harmful effects from the immune system during the inflammatory response. In addition, bioactive compounds can even contribute to epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) modifications that inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the context of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. These nutrients also play an important role in activating immune responses against pathogens, which can help the immune system during infections. Here, we provide an updated overview of the roles played by dietary factors and how they can affect respiratory health. Therefore, we will show the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and microbiota, important for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies, in addition to the antiviral role of vitamins, flavonoids, and minerals during pulmonary viral infections, addressing the mechanisms involved in each function. These mechanisms are interesting in the discussion of perspectives associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its pulmonary complications since patients with severe disease have vitamins deficiency, especially vitamin D. In addition, researches with the use of flavonoids have been shown to decrease viral replication in vitro. This way, a full understanding of dietary influences can improve the lung health of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Kammerl IE, Hardy S, Flexeder C, Urmann A, Peierl J, Wang Y, Vosyka O, Frankenberger M, Milger K, Behr J, Koch A, Merl-Pham J, Hauck SM, Pilette C, Schulz H, Meiners S. Activation of immune cell proteasomes in peripheral blood of smokers and COPD patients - implications for therapy. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01798-2021. [PMID: 34561290 PMCID: PMC8891681 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01798-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells contain a specialised type of proteasome, i.e. the immunoproteasome, which is required for intracellular protein degradation. Immunoproteasomes are key regulators of immune cell differentiation, inflammatory activation and autoimmunity. Immunoproteasome function in peripheral immune cells might be altered by smoking and in COPD thereby affecting immune cell responses.We here analysed the expression and activity of proteasome complexes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy male young smokers as well as from patients with severe COPD and compared them to matching controls. Proteasome expression was upregulated in COPD patients as assessed by RT-qPCR and mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. Proteasome activity was quantified using activity-based probes and native gel analysis. We observed distinct activation of immunoproteasomes in the peripheral blood cells of young male smokers and severely ill COPD patients. Native gel analysis and linear regression modeling confirmed robust activation and elevated assembly of 20S proteasomes, which correlated significantly with reduced lung function parameters in COPD patients. The immunoproteasome was distinctly activated in COPD patients upon inflammatory cytokine stimulation of PBMCs in vitro Inhibition of the immunoproteasome reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression in COPD-derived blood immune cells.Given the crucial role of chronic inflammatory signalling and the emerging involvement of autoimmune responses in COPD, therapeutic targeting of the immunoproteasome might represent a novel therapeutic concept for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona E Kammerl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Hardy
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, department of pulmonology, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of pulmonology, ENT and dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Urmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Peierl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Vosyka
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Frankenberger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Milger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Koch
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Dept. of Pneumology, Teaching Hospital Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Austria
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles Pilette
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, department of pulmonology, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of pulmonology, ENT and dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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14
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Puccetti M, Costantini C, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Tackling Immune Pathogenesis of COVID-19 through Molecular Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:494. [PMID: 33916409 PMCID: PMC8065592 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of clinical studies worldwide are investigating the repurposing of antiviral, immune-modulatory, and anti-inflammatory agents to face the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nevertheless, few effective therapies exist to prevent or treat COVID-19, which demands increased drug discovery and repurposing efforts. In fact, many currently tested drugs show unknown efficacy and unpredictable drug interactions, such that interventions are needed to guarantee access to effective and safe medicines. Anti-inflammatory therapy has proven to be effective in preventing further injury in COVID-19 patients, but the benefit comes at a cost, as targeting inflammatory pathways can imply an increased risk of infection. Thus, optimization of the risk/benefit ratio is required in the anti-inflammatory strategy against COVID-19, which accounts for drug formulations and delivery towards regionalization and personalization of treatment approaches. In this perspective, we discuss how better knowledge of endogenous immunomodulatory pathways may optimize the clinical use of novel and repurposed drugs against COVID-19 in inpatient, outpatient, and home settings through innovative drug discovery, appropriate drug delivery systems and dedicated molecular pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
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15
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Zhang MY, Jiang YX, Yang YC, Liu JY, Huo C, Ji XL, Qu YQ. Cigarette smoke extract induces pyroptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells through the ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. Life Sci 2021; 269:119090. [PMID: 33465393 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pyroptosis and inflammation are involved in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the cigarette smoke-mediated mechanism of COPD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the death of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells after cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure. MAIN METHODS The protein level of NLRP3 in lung tissue was measured after cigarette smoke exposure in vivo. In vitro, HBE cells were treated with CSE. Subsequently, the activity of caspase-1, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, release of interleukin (IL)-1β and NLRP3 expression levels were measured. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also explored. KEY FINDINGS After exposure to CSE, increased release of LDH, the transcriptional and translational upregulation of NLRP3, the caspase-1 activity levels, and enhanced IL-1β and IL-18 release were observed in 16HBE cells. In addition, NLRP3 was required to activate the caspase-1. Our results suggested that pre-stimulated of 16HBE with a caspase-1 inhibitor, or using NLRP3 siRNA to silence NLRP3 expression, also caused the decrease of IL-1β release and pyroptosis. SIGNIFICANCES CSE induced inflammation and contributed to pyroptosis through the ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway in 16HBE cells. The NLRP3 inflammasome participates in CSE-induced HBE cell damage and pyroptosis, which could provide new insights into COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying-Xiao Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi-Can Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chen Huo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiu-Li Ji
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Jinan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi-Qing Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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16
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Antunes MA, Lopes-Pacheco M, Rocco PRM. Oxidative Stress-Derived Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Concise Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6644002. [PMID: 37448755 PMCID: PMC10337713 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and disabling disorder marked by airflow limitation and extensive destruction of lung parenchyma. Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD development and has been associated with increased oxidant burden on multiple cell types in the lungs. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may significantly affect expression of biological molecules, signaling pathways, and function of antioxidant defenses. Although inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, contribute to the release of large quantities of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in ROS production due to oxidative phosphorylation. Although mitochondria are dynamic organelles, excess oxidative stress is able to alter mitochondrial function, morphology, and RNA and protein content. Indeed, mitochondria may change their shape by undergoing fusion (regulated by mitofusin 1, mitofusin 2, and optic atrophy 1 proteins) and fission (regulated by dynamin-related protein 1), which are essential processes to maintain a healthy and functional mitochondrial network. Cigarette smoke can induce mitochondrial hyperfusion, thus reducing mitochondrial quality control and cellular stress resistance. Furthermore, diminished levels of enzymes involved in the mitophagy process, such as Parkin (a ubiquitin ligase E3) and the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), are commonly observed in COPD and correlate directly with faulty removal of dysfunctional mitochondria and consequent cell senescence in this disorder. In this review, we highlight the main mechanisms for the regulation of mitochondrial quality and how they are affected by oxidative stress during COPD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Devereux G, Wrolstad D, Bourke SJ, Daines CL, Doe S, Dougherty R, Franco R, Innes A, Kopp BT, Lascano J, Layish D, MacGregor G, Murray L, Peckham D, Lucidi V, Lovie E, Robertson J, Fraser-Pitt DJ, O'Neil DA. Oral cysteamine as an adjunct treatment in cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: An exploratory randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242945. [PMID: 33370348 PMCID: PMC7769283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data suggests a possible role for cysteamine as an adjunct treatment for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF) that continue to be a major clinical challenge. There are no studies investigating the use of cysteamine in pulmonary exacerbations of CF. This exploratory randomized clinical trial was conducted to answer the question: In future pivotal trials of cysteamine as an adjunct treatment in pulmonary exacerbations of CF, which candidate cysteamine dosing regimens should be tested and which are the most appropriate, clinically meaningful outcome measures to employ as endpoints? METHODS AND FINDINGS Multicentre double-blind randomized clinical trial. Adults experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation of CF being treated with standard care that included aminoglycoside therapy were randomized equally to a concomitant 14-day course of placebo, or one of 5 dosing regimens of cysteamine. Outcomes were recorded on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and included sputum bacterial load and the patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): Chronic Respiratory Infection Symptom Score (CRISS), the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R); FEV1, blood leukocyte count, and inflammatory markers. Eighty nine participants in fifteen US and EU centres were randomized, 78 completed the 14-day treatment period. Cysteamine had no significant effect on sputum bacterial load, however technical difficulties limited interpretation. The most consistent findings were for cysteamine 450mg twice daily that had effects additional to that observed with placebo, with improved symptoms, CRISS additional 9.85 points (95% CI 0.02, 19.7) p = 0.05, reduced blood leukocyte count by 2.46x109 /l (95% CI 0.11, 4.80), p = 0.041 and reduced CRP by geometric mean 2.57 nmol/l (95% CI 0.15, 0.99), p = 0.049. CONCLUSION In this exploratory study cysteamine appeared to be safe and well-tolerated. Future pivotal trials investigating the utility of cysteamine in pulmonary exacerbations of CF need to include the cysteamine 450mg doses and CRISS and blood leukocyte count as outcome measures. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03000348; www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Devereux
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Wrolstad
- Precision for Medicine, Oncology and Rare Disease, Carlsbad, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Cori L. Daines
- Banner University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Simon Doe
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Dougherty
- San Francisco Critical Care Medical Group California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Rose Franco
- The Medical College of Wisconsin/Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Benjamin T. Kopp
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jorge Lascano
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel Layish
- Central Florida Pulmonary Group, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzina Lucidi
- Ospedale Padiatrico Bambino Gesu Centro Fibrosi Cistica, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Lovie
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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18
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Lara-Reyna S, Holbrook J, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Dysregulated signalling pathways in innate immune cells with cystic fibrosis mutations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4485-4503. [PMID: 32367193 PMCID: PMC7599191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disorders in Caucasians, caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF is a multi-organ disease that involves the lungs, pancreas, sweat glands, digestive and reproductive systems and several other tissues. This debilitating condition is associated with recurrent lower respiratory tract bacterial and viral infections, as well as inflammatory complications that may eventually lead to pulmonary failure. Immune cells play a crucial role in protecting the organs against opportunistic infections and also in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. Innate immune cells are generally affected by CFTR mutations in patients with CF, leading to dysregulation of several cellular signalling pathways that are in continuous use by these cells to elicit a proper immune response. There is substantial evidence to show that airway epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages all contribute to the pathogenesis of CF, underlying the importance of the CFTR in innate immune responses. The goal of this review is to put into context the important role of the CFTR in different innate immune cells and how CFTR dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of CF, highlighting several signalling pathways that may be dysregulated in cells with CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Jonathan Holbrook
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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19
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Dejcman D, Skowasch D, Pizarro C, Krause A, Thomas D, Schäfer VS. Pulmonary Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis: Prevalence, Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Options. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 17:17-28. [PMID: 32888273 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666200905122757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common form of pulmonary impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, patients with RA or other arthritic diseases such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) are at a higher risk of developing several other pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), compared to patients without arthritis. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the prevalence of pulmonary diseases in the above-mentioned forms of arthritis, the challenges faced by prevalence studies in detecting pulmonary diseases in patients with arthritis, as well as possible treatment options. Dyspnea, cough or other pulmonary symptoms in arthritis patients should prompt gradual diagnostic procedures considering pulmonary manifestations as a major cluster of differential diagnosis. However, treatment options often lack solid evidence-based guidelines and referrals to specialized centers are often necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dejcman
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carmen Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Krause
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentin Sebastian Schäfer
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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20
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Costantini C, Puccetti M, Pariano M, Renga G, Stincardini C, D'Onofrio F, Bellet MM, Cellini B, Giovagnoli S, Romani L. Selectively targeting key inflammatory pathways in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112717. [PMID: 32823008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a defect in the ion channel Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR), resulting in ionic imbalance of surface fluid. Although affecting multiple organs, the progressive deterioration of respiratory function by recurrent infections and chronic inflammation represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. The development of modulators targeting the basic defect of CFTR has represented a major breakthrough in CF therapy, but the impact on inflammation has remained enigmatic. The emerging scenario taking hold in the field points to inflammation as a major, somehow missed, therapeutic target for prevention of lung decline. Not surprisingly, the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is taking its share in the drug development pipeline. But the path is not straightforward and targeting inflammation should be balanced with the increased risk of infection. The strategy to restore the homeostatic regulation of inflammation to efficiently respond to infection while preventing lung damage needs to be based on identifying and targeting endogenous immunoregulatory pathways that are defective in CF. We herein provide an overview of anti-inflammatory drugs currently approved or under investigation in CF patients, and present our recent studies on how the knowledge on defective immune pathways in CF may translate into innovative and selective anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Through the discovery of naturally occurring molecules or their synthetic mimics, this review emphasizes the critical importance of selectively targeting key inflammatory pathways to preserve immunocompetence in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Onofrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Marina M Bellet
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.
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21
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Sameri S, Samadi P, Dehghan R, Salem E, Fayazi N, Amini R. Stem Cell Aging in Lifespan and Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:362-378. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200213105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is considered as inevitable changes at different levels of genome, cell, and organism.
From the accumulation of DNA damages to imperfect protein homeostasis, altered cellular communication
and exhaustion of stem cells, aging is a major risk factor for many prevalent diseases, such as
cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders. The cells are
dynamic systems, which, through a cycle of processes such as replication, growth, and death, could
replenish the bodies’ organs and tissues, keeping an entire organism in optimal working order. In many
different tissues, adult stem cells are behind these processes, replenishing dying cells to maintain normal
tissue function and regenerating injured tissues. Therefore, adult stem cells play a vital role in preventing
the aging of organs and tissues, and can delay aging. However, during aging, these cells also
undergo some detrimental changes such as alterations in the microenvironment, a decline in the regenerative
capacity, and loss of function. This review aimed to discuss age-related changes of stem cells in
different tissues and cells, including skin, muscles, brain, heart, hair follicles, liver, and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sameri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Dehghan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elham Salem
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nashmin Fayazi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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22
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Naisbitt DJ, Olsson‐Brown A, Gibson A, Meng X, Ogese MO, Tailor A, Thomson P. Immune dysregulation increases the incidence of delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions. Allergy 2020; 75:781-797. [PMID: 31758810 DOI: 10.1111/all.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Delayed-type, T cell-mediated, drug hypersensitivity reactions are a serious unwanted manifestation of drug exposure that develops in a small percentage of the human population. Drugs and drug metabolites are known to interact directly and indirectly (through irreversible protein binding and processing to the derived adducts) with HLA proteins that present the drug-peptide complex to T cells. Multiple forms of drug hypersensitivity are strongly linked to expression of a single HLA allele, and there is increasing evidence that drugs and peptides interact selectively with the protein encoded by the HLA allele. Despite this, many individuals expressing HLA risk alleles do not develop hypersensitivity when exposed to culprit drugs suggesting a nonlinear, multifactorial relationship in which HLA risk alleles are one factor. This has prompted a search for additional susceptibility factors. Herein, we argue that immune regulatory pathways are one key determinant of susceptibility. As expression and activity of these pathways are influenced by disease, environmental and patient factors, it is currently impossible to predict whether drug exposure will result in a health benefit, hypersensitivity or both. Thus, a concerted effort is required to investigate how immune dysregulation influences susceptibility towards drug hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean J. Naisbitt
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Anna Olsson‐Brown
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Andrew Gibson
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Xiaoli Meng
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Monday O. Ogese
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Arun Tailor
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Paul Thomson
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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23
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Noël S, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Mucoviscidosis: fisiopatología, genética, aspectos clínicos y terapéuticos. EMC. PEDIATRIA 2020; 55:1-23. [PMID: 32288518 PMCID: PMC7147672 DOI: 10.1016/s1245-1789(20)43427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
La mucoviscidosis es la enfermedad autosómica recesiva grave más frecuente que afecta a la población caucásica. En Francia, por ejemplo, la incidencia es de un caso por cada 4.500 nacimientos. Esta enfermedad se debe a mutaciones en el gen CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, regulador de conductancia transmembrana de la fibrosis quística), situado en el brazo largo del cromosoma 7, que codifica una proteína transmembrana implicada en la regulación del transporte transepitelial de iones cloruro (Cl–). En Francia, la mutación más frecuente (alrededor del 80% de los casos) es la deleción del aminoácido 508 (fenilalanina), denominada F508del. La ausencia o la disfunción de la proteína CFTR provoca un defecto en el transporte de Cl– y un aumento de la reabsorción de sal y agua, en particular en el epitelio bronquial, lo que conlleva una reducción del líquido de la superficie bronquial. Esta exocrinopatía generalizada conduce a la producción de «moco viscoso» (de ahí el nombre de mucoviscidosis), que obstruye varios sitios en el cuerpo, en particular el sistema respiratorio, el tracto digestivo y sus anexos (páncreas, vías biliares e hígado). La detección neonatal se ha generalizado desde 2002. La prueba del sudor es la prueba complementaria de referencia, validada por la identificación de dos mutaciones patógenas, para la confirmación del diagnóstico. El tratamiento es multidisciplinario. Se basa ante todo en la kinesiterapia respiratoria diaria y el tratamiento de las sobreinfecciones broncopulmonares, así como en las recomendaciones nutricionales con el uso de extractos pancreáticos. Es probable que el pronóstico, todavía muy desfavorable, se modifique con la llegada de terapias proteínicas o de edición de ácido ribonucleico o de gen.
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24
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Hikichi M, Mizumura K, Maruoka S, Gon Y. Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S2129-S2140. [PMID: 31737341 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease that is characterized by functional and structural alterations primarily caused by long-term inhalation of harmful particles. Cigarette smoke (CS) induces airway inflammation in COPD, which is known to persist even after smoking cessation. This review discusses the basic pathogenesis of COPD, with particular focus on an endogenous protective mechanism against oxidative stress via Nrf2, altered immune response of the airway inflammatory cells, exaggerated cellular senescence of the lung structural cells, and cell death with expanded inflammation. Recently, CS-induced mitochondria autophagy is reported to initiate programmed necrosis (necroptosis). Necroptosis is a new concept of cell death which is driven by a defined molecular pathway along with exaggerated inflammation. This new cell death mechanism is of importance due to its ability to produce more inflammatory substances during the process of epithelial death, contributing to persistent airway inflammation that cannot be explained by apoptosis-derived cell death. Autophagy is an auto-cell component degradation system executed by lysosomes that controls protein and organelle degradation for successful homeostasis. As well as in the process of necroptosis, autophagy is also observed during cellular senescence. Aging of the lungs results in the acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) that are known to secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. In future research, we intend to highlight the genetic and epigenetic approaches that can facilitate the understanding of disease susceptibility. The goal of precision medicine is to establish more accurate diagnosis and treatment methods based on the patient-specific pathogenic characteristics. This review provides insights into CS-induced COPD pathogenesis, which contributes to a very complex disease. Investigating the mechanism of developing COPD, along with the availability of the particular inhibitors, will lead to new therapeutic approaches in COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hikichi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Brightling C, Greening N. Airway inflammation in COPD: progress to precision medicine. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00651-2019. [PMID: 31073084 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00651-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. Airway inflammation is a consistent feature of COPD and is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of COPD, but anti-inflammatory therapy is not first-line treatment. The inflammation has many guises and phenotyping this heterogeneity has revealed different patterns. Neutrophil-associated COPD with activation of the inflammasome, T1 and T17 immunity is the most common phenotype with eosinophil-associated T2-mediated immunity in a minority and autoimmunity observed in more severe disease. Biomarkers have enabled targeted anti-inflammatory strategies and revealed that corticosteroids are most effective in those with evidence of eosinophilic inflammation, whereas, in contrast to severe asthma, response to anti-interleukin-5 biologicals in COPD has been disappointing, with smaller benefits for the same intensity of eosinophilic inflammation questioning its role in COPD. Biological therapies beyond T2-mediated inflammation have not demonstrated benefit and in some cases increased risk of infection, suggesting that neutrophilic inflammation and inflammasome activation might be largely driven by bacterial colonisation and dysbiosis. Herein we describe current and future biomarker approaches to assess inflammation in COPD and how this might reveal tractable approaches to precision medicine and unmask important host-environment interactions leading to airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil Greening
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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26
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Altmann DM. T-cell immunology of the lung: maintaining the balance between host defence and immune pathology. Immunology 2019; 156:1-2. [PMID: 30522167 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory immunology poses the dual questions of how to grapple with lung infection as one of the greatest unmet global health needs of our time, while also dealing with the growing challenge posed by chronic diseases of excessive or inappropriate lung inflammation and immunity, such as chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma. These separate branches of pulmonary research are linked by the clear observation that, in a tissue as fragile as the lung, protection from microbial attack may come at the cost of chronic inflammatory damage. A number of recent studies have considered specific aspects of this double-edged sword, including the diversity of responses to fungal exposure, sources and consequences of interleukin-17 immunity, and the role of tertiary lymphoid follicles in the lung.
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27
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Zeneyedpour L, Dekker LJM, van Sten‐van`t Hoff JJM, Burgers PC, ten Hacken NHT, Luider TM. Neoantigens in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer: A Point of View. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800093. [PMID: 30706659 PMCID: PMC6593722 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this manuscript is to explore the role of clinical proteomics for detecting mutations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer by mass spectrometry-based technology. COPD and lung cancer caused by smoke inhalation are most likely linked by challenging the immune system via partly shared pathways. Genome-wide association studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms which predispose an increased susceptibility to COPD and lung cancer. In lung cancer, this leads to coding mutations in the affected tissues, development of neoantigens, and different functionality and abundance of proteins in specific pathways. If a similar reasoning can also be applied in COPD will be discussed. The technology of mass spectrometry has developed into an advanced technology for proteome research detecting mutated peptides or proteins and finding relevant molecular mechanisms that will enable predicting the response to immunotherapy in COPD and lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nick H. T. ten Hacken
- Department of PulmonologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen9713 GroningenNetherlands
| | - Theo M. Luider
- Department of NeurologyErasmus MCRotterdam3015 GENetherlands
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28
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Philp AR, Riquelme TT, Millar-Büchner P, González R, Sepúlveda FV, Cid LP, Flores CA. Kcnn4 is a modifier gene of intestinal cystic fibrosis preventing lethality in the Cftr-F508del mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9320. [PMID: 29915289 PMCID: PMC6006244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 70% of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients bear the phenylalanine-508 deletion but disease severity differs greatly, and is not explained by the existence of different mutations in compound heterozygous. Studies demonstrated that genes other than CFTR relate to intestinal disease in humans and CF-mouse. Kcnn4, the gene encoding the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1, important for intestinal secretion, is present in a locus linked with occurrence of intestinal CF-disease in mice and humans. We reasoned that it might be a CF-modifier gene and bred a CF-mouse with Kcnn4 silencing, finding that lethality was almost abolished. Silencing of Kcnn4 did not improve intestinal secretory functions, but rather corrected increased circulating TNF-α level and reduced intestinal mast cell increase. Given the importance of mast cells in intestinal disease additional double mutant CF-animals were tested, one lacking mast cells (C-kitW-sh/W-sh) and Stat6-/- to block IgE production. While mast cell depletion had no effect, silencing Stat6 significantly reduced lethality. Our results show that Kcnn4 is an intestinal CF modifier gene partially acting through a STAT6-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Philp
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Texia T Riquelme
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Millar-Büchner
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo González
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - L Pablo Cid
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos A Flores
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile.
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