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Tang X, Huang J, Jiang Y, Qiu J, Li T, Li W, Chen Z, Huang Z, Yu X, Yang T, Ji X, Tan R, Lv L, Yang Z, Chen H. Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 as a novel prospective tumor suppressor induced by ERG promotes ubiquitination-mediated radixin degradation to inhibit gastric cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:670. [PMID: 37759298 PMCID: PMC10536727 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a fatal cancer with unclear pathogenesis. In this study, we explored the function and potential mechanisms of intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2) in the development and advancement of GC. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to quantify ICAM2 expression in harvested GC tissues and cultured cell lines. Immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on a GC tissue microarray to quantify ICAM2 expression and explore its implication on the prognosis of GC patients. In vitro experiments were carried out to reveal the biological functions of ICAM2 in GC cell lines. Further, in vivo experiments were conducted using xenograft models to assess the impact of ICAM2 on GC development and metastasis. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination analysis were employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS ICAM2 expression was downregulated in GC, positively correlating with advanced T stage, distant metastasis, advanced clinical stage, vessel invasion, and shorter patient survival time. ICAM2 overexpression suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis of GC cells as well as their ability to form tumors, whereas ICAM2 knockdown yielded opposite results. Erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG) as a transcription factor promoted the transcription of ICAM2 by binding to the crucial response element localized within its promoter region. Further analysis revealed that ICAM2 reduced radixin (RDX) protein stability and expression. In these cells, ICAM2 bound to the RDX protein to promote the ubiquitination and degradation of RDX via NEDD4 Like E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (NEDD4L), and this post-translational modification resulted in the inhibition of GC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study demonstrates that ICAM2, which is induced by ERG, suppresses GC progression by enhancing the ubiquitination and degradation of RDX in a NEDD4L-dependent manner. Therefore, these results suggest that ICAM2 is a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jintuan Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yingming Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Tuoyang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Weiyao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhenze Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xihu Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Rongchang Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zuli Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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Buenaventura RGM, Merlino G, Yu Y. Ez-Metastasizing: The Crucial Roles of Ezrin in Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:1620. [PMID: 37371090 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is the cytoskeletal organizer and functions in the modulation of membrane-cytoskeleton interaction, maintenance of cell shape and structure, and regulation of cell-cell adhesion and movement, as well as cell survival. Ezrin plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis through interaction with other binding proteins. Notably, Ezrin has been reported to interact with immune cells, allowing tumor cells to escape immune attack in metastasis. Here, we review the main functions of Ezrin, the mechanisms through which it acts, its role in tumor metastasis, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Gabriel M Buenaventura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kovács AL, Kárteszi J, Prohászka Z, Kalmár T, Késmárky G, Koltai K, Nagy Z, Sebők J, Vas T, Molnár K, Berki T, Böröcz K, Gyömörei C, Szalma J, Egyed M, Horváth S, Oláh P, Csuka D, Németh V, Gyulai R. Hemizygous nonsense variant in the moesin gene (MSN) leads to a new autoimmune phenotype of Immunodeficiency 50. Front Immunol 2022; 13:919411. [PMID: 36119109 PMCID: PMC9477008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the findings of an investigation involving two male siblings with juvenile total tooth loss, early-onset chronic leg ulcers, and autoimmune thyroiditis, as well as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with associated pulmonary emphysema in one and diabetes mellitus in the other. The clinical picture and lupus anticoagulant, cryoglobulin, and cold agglutinin positivity suggested the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Flow cytometry analysis showed immunophenotypes consistent with immune dysregulation: a low number of naive T cells, elevated CD4+ T cell counts, and decreased CD8+ T-cell counts were detected, and more than half of the T-helper population was activated. Considering the siblings' almost identical clinical phenotype, the genetic alteration was suspected in the background of the immunodeficiency. Whole exome sequencing identified a previously not described hemizygous nonsense variant (c.650G>A, p.W217X) within exon 6 of the moesin (MSN) gene localized on chromosome X, resulting in significantly decreased MSN mRNA expression compared to healthy controls. We present a putative new autoimmune phenotype of Immunodeficiency 50 (MIM300988) characterized by antiphospholipid syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, leg ulcers, and juvenile tooth loss, associated with W217X mutation of the MSN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- András L. Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Kárteszi
- Genetic Counseling, Saint Rafael Hospital of Zala County, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics and Pedriatic Health Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Késmárky
- Division of Angiology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Koltai
- Division of Angiology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Nagy
- Nephrological and Diabetological Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Sebők
- Nephrological and Diabetological Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vas
- Nephrological and Diabetological Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Molnár
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Gyömörei
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Egyed
- Department of Hematology, Somogy County Mór Kaposi General Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Szabina Horváth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Oláh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dorottya Csuka
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Németh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rolland Gyulai
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Gao J, Nakamura F. Actin-Associated Proteins and Small Molecules Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042118. [PMID: 35216237 PMCID: PMC8880164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-associated proteins (AAPs) act on monomeric globular actin (G-actin) and polymerized filamentous actin (F-actin) to regulate their dynamics and architectures which ultimately control cell movement, shape change, division; organelle localization and trafficking. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) are a subset of AAPs. Since actin was discovered as a myosin-activating protein (hence named actin) in 1942, the protein has also been found to be expressed in non-muscle cells, and numerous AAPs continue to be discovered. This review article lists all of the AAPs discovered so far while also allowing readers to sort the list based on the names, sizes, functions, related human diseases, and the dates of discovery. The list also contains links to the UniProt and Protein Atlas databases for accessing further, related details such as protein structures, associated proteins, subcellular localization, the expression levels in cells and tissues, mutations, and pathology. Because the actin cytoskeleton is involved in many pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, invasion, and developmental diseases, small molecules that target actin and AAPs which hold potential to treat these diseases are also listed.
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A biophysical perspective of the regulatory mechanisms of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:199-208. [PMID: 35340609 PMCID: PMC8921360 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many signal transductions resulting from ligand-receptor interactions occur at the cell surface. These signaling pathways play essential roles in cell polarization, membrane morphogenesis, and the modulation of membrane tension at the cell surface. However, due to the large number of membrane-binding proteins, including actin-membrane linkers, and transmembrane proteins present at the cell surface, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation at the cell surface are yet unclear. Here, we describe the molecular functions of one of the key players at the cell surface, ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins from a biophysical point of view. We focus our discussion on biophysical properties of ERM proteins revealed by using biophysical tools in live cells and in vitro reconstitution systems. We first describe the structural properties of ERM proteins and then discuss the interactions of ERM proteins with PI(4,5)P2 and the actin cytoskeleton. These properties of ERM proteins revealed by using biophysical approaches have led to a better understanding of their physiological functions in cells and tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-021-00928-0.
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Satooka H, Matsui M, Ichioka S, Nakamura Y, Hirata T. The ERM protein moesin regulates natural killer cell homeostasis in vivo. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104456. [PMID: 34798556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Moesin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that link plasma membrane proteins with actin filaments in the cell cortex. Hemizygous mutations in the X-linked moesin gene are associated with primary immunodeficiency with T and B cell lymphopenia, which also affects natural killer (NK) cells in most cases. We previously showed that moesin deficiency in mice substantially affects lymphocyte homeostasis, but its impact on NK cells remains unexplored. Here, we found that in moesin-deficient mice, NK cells were decreased in the peripheral blood and bone marrow but increased in the spleen. Analysis of female heterozygous mice showed a selective advantage for moesin-expressing NK cells in the blood. Moesin-deficient NK cells exhibited increased cell death and impaired signaling in response to IL-15, suggesting that moesin regulates NK cell survival through IL-15-mediated signaling. Our findings thus identify moesin as an NK cell homeostasis regulator in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Satoko Ichioka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yuzuki Nakamura
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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Liang JB, Chen Y, Chen RL, Li YK, Li B, You ZR, Li Y, Zhang J, Huang BY, Wei YR, Lyu ZW, Lian M, Xiao X, Wang QX, Tang RQ, Fang JY, Chen XY, Ma X, Miao Q. CD8 + T cells actively penetrate hepatocytes via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway in autoimmune hepatitis. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:351-362. [PMID: 33928766 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emperipolesis is a pathological feature for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We have previously found that CD8+ T cells participated in the emperipolesis in AIH. In this study we aimed to clarify the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of emperipolesis in patients with AIH in vitro and in mice with α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced acute hepatitis. METHODS The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with various chronic liver diseases and healthy controls were co-cultured with hepatic cell lines to induce emperipolesis in vitro. Confocal staining was performed to illustrate the cellular types and potential mechanisms of emperipolesis in AIH. In addition, a murine model of α-GalCer-induced acute hepatitis that mimics human AIH was used to confirm the role of CD44/p-ERM/F-actin in the emperipolesis process in vivo. RESULTS In the co-cultured system of PBMC and hepatic cell line, emperipolesis was observed most commonly in patients with AIH. The main cells participating in emperipolesis were CD8+ T cells, and they penetrated hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway. As a result, most CD8+ T cells engulfed by hepatic cells underwent apoptosis. In the α-GalCer-induced acute hepatitis model, emperipolesis was observed around the inflammatory foci and was inhibited by the ezrin phosphorylation inhibitor NSC668394. Similarly, activated murine CD8+ T cells penetrated primary hepatocytes via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway in vitro. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ T cells penetrate hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin signaling pathway and undergo apoptosis. This may be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate the overwhelming immune attack in AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Bo Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Kang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Rui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ran Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Wan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Xia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Qi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Pharmacologic Inhibition of Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin Phosphorylation is a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcoma 2020; 2020:9010496. [PMID: 33005093 PMCID: PMC7508224 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate and high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) patients have poor prognosis with available treatment options, highlighting a clear unmet need for identification of novel therapeutic strategies. Ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family members are membrane-cytoskeleton linker proteins with well-defined roles in tumor metastasis, growth, and survival. ERM protein activity is regulated by dynamic changes in the phosphorylation at a conserved threonine residue in their C-terminal actin-binding domain. Interestingly, ERM family member, ezrin, has elevated expression in the RMS tissue. Despite this, the translational scope of targeting ERM family proteins in these tumors through pharmacological inhibition has never been considered. This study investigates the inhibition of ERM phosphorylation using a small molecule pharmacophore NSC668394 as a potential strategy against RMS. Upon in vitro treatment with NSC668394, RMS cells exhibit a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and proliferation, with induction of caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis. siRNA-mediated knockdown of individual ERM protein expression revealed that each regulates RMS survival to a different degree. In vivo administration of NSC668394 in RMS xenografts causes significant decrease in tumor growth, with no adverse effect on body weight. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of the active conformation of ERM proteins in RMS progression and survival and supports pharmacologic inhibition of these proteins as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Ramalho JJ, Sepers JJ, Nicolle O, Schmidt R, Cravo J, Michaux G, Boxem M. C-terminal phosphorylation modulates ERM-1 localization and dynamics to control cortical actin organization and support lumen formation during Caenorhabditiselegans development. Development 2020; 147:dev188011. [PMID: 32586975 PMCID: PMC10755404 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
ERM proteins are conserved regulators of cortical membrane specialization that function as membrane-actin linkers and molecular hubs. The activity of ERM proteins requires a conformational switch from an inactive cytoplasmic form into an active membrane- and actin-bound form, which is thought to be mediated by sequential PIP2 binding and phosphorylation of a conserved C-terminal threonine residue. Here, we use the single Caenorhabditiselegans ERM ortholog, ERM-1, to study the contribution of these regulatory events to ERM activity and tissue formation in vivo Using CRISPR/Cas9-generated erm-1 mutant alleles, we demonstrate that a PIP2-binding site is crucially required for ERM-1 function. By contrast, dynamic regulation of C-terminal T544 phosphorylation is not essential but modulates ERM-1 apical localization and dynamics in a tissue-specific manner, to control cortical actin organization and support lumen formation in epithelial tubes. Our work highlights the dynamic nature of ERM protein regulation during tissue morphogenesis and the importance of C-terminal phosphorylation in fine-tuning ERM activity in a tissue-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- João J Ramalho
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorian J Sepers
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ophélie Nicolle
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ruben Schmidt
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Cravo
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mike Boxem
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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ERM Proteins at the Crossroad of Leukocyte Polarization, Migration and Intercellular Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041502. [PMID: 32098334 PMCID: PMC7073024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins (ERMs) are plasma membrane (PM) organizers that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic tail of transmembrane proteins, many of which are adhesion receptors, in order to regulate the formation of F-actin-based structures (e.g., microspikes and microvilli). ERMs also effect transmission of signals from the PM into the cell, an action mainly exerted through the compartmentalized activation of the small Rho GTPases Rho, Rac and Cdc42. Ezrin and moesin are the ERMs more highly expressed in leukocytes, and although they do not always share functions, both are mainly regulated through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding to the N-terminal band 4.1 protein-ERM (FERM) domain and phosphorylation of a conserved Thr in the C-terminal ERM association domain (C-ERMAD), exerting their functions through a wide assortment of mechanisms. In this review we will discuss some of these mechanisms, focusing on how they regulate polarization and migration in leukocytes, and formation of actin-based cellular structures like the phagocytic cup-endosome and the immune synapse in macrophages/neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively, which represent essential aspects of the effector immune response.
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11
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Zhang SS, Hu JQ, Liu XH, Chen LX, Chen H, Guo XH, Huang QB. Role of Moesin Phosphorylation in Retinal Pericyte Migration and Detachment Induced by Advanced Glycation Endproducts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:603450. [PMID: 33312163 PMCID: PMC7708375 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.603450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) involves persistent, uncontrolled formation of premature blood vessels with reduced number of pericytes. Our previous work showed that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mouse retina, and aortic ring, which was associated with moesin phosphorylation. Here we investigated whether moesin phosphorylation may contribute to pericyte detachment and the development of PDR. Primary retinal microvascular pericytes (RMPs) were isolated, purified from weanling rats, and identified by cellular markers α-SMA, PDGFR-β, NG2, and desmin using immunofluorescence microscopy. Effects of AGE-BSA on proliferation and migration of RMPs were examined using CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays. Effects on moesin phosphorylation were examined using western blotting. The RMP response to AGE-BSA was also examined when cells expressed the non-phosphorylatable Thr558Ala mutant or phospho-mimicking Thr558Asp mutant of moesin or were treated with ROCK inhibitor Y27632. Colocalization and interaction between CD44, phospho-moesin, and F-actin were observed. Experiments with cultured primary RMPs showed that AGE-BSA inhibited the proliferation, enhanced the migration, and increased moesin phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AGE-BSA also triggered the rearrangement of F-actin and promoted the interaction of CD44 with phospho-moesin in RMPs. These effects were abrogated in cells expressing the non-phosphorylatable moesin mutant and the application of ROCK inhibitor Y27632 attenuated AGE-induced alteration in cultured RMPs by abolishing the phosphorylation of moesin. However, those AGE-induced pathological process occurred in RMPs expressed the phospho-mimicking moesin without AGE-BSA treatment. It is concluded that AGEs could activate ROCK to mediate moesin phosphorylation at Thr558, and resulting phospho-moesin interacts with CD44 to form CD44 cluster, which might stimulate the migration of RMPs and subsequent RMP detachment in microvessel. This pathway may provide new drug targets against immature neovessel formation in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Bing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Trauma Care Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Bing Huang,
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Arcà B, Colantoni A, Fiorillo C, Severini F, Benes V, Di Luca M, Calogero RA, Lombardo F. MicroRNAs from saliva of anopheline mosquitoes mimic human endogenous miRNAs and may contribute to vector-host-pathogen interactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2955. [PMID: 30814633 PMCID: PMC6393464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During blood feeding haematophagous arthropods inject into their hosts a cocktail of salivary proteins whose main role is to counteract host haemostasis, inflammation and immunity. However, animal body fluids are known to also carry miRNAs. To get insights into saliva and salivary gland miRNA repertoires of the African malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii we used small RNA-Seq and identified 214 miRNAs, including tissue-enriched, sex-biased and putative novel anopheline miRNAs. Noteworthy, miRNAs were asymmetrically distributed between saliva and salivary glands, suggesting that selected miRNAs may be preferentially directed toward mosquito saliva. The evolutionary conservation of a subset of saliva miRNAs in Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes, and in the tick Ixodes ricinus, supports the idea of a non-random occurrence pointing to their possible physiological role in blood feeding by arthropods. Strikingly, eleven of the most abundant An. coluzzi saliva miRNAs mimicked human miRNAs. Prediction analysis and search for experimentally validated targets indicated that miRNAs from An. coluzzii saliva may act on host mRNAs involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Overall, this study raises the intriguing hypothesis that miRNAs injected into vertebrates with vector saliva may contribute to host manipulation with possible implication for vector-host interaction and pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Arcà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Colantoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, "Sapienza University", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Fiorillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Severini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Di Luca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lombardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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13
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Halova I, Bambouskova M, Draberova L, Bugajev V, Draber P. The transmembrane adaptor protein NTAL limits mast cell chemotaxis toward prostaglandin E2. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/556/eaao4354. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis of mast cells is one of the crucial steps in their development and function. Non–T cell activation linker (NTAL) is a transmembrane adaptor protein that inhibits the activation of mast cells and B cells in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Here, we studied the role of NTAL in the migration of mouse mast cells stimulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Although PGE2 does not induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of NTAL, unlike IgE immune complex antigens, we found that loss of NTAL increased the chemotaxis of mast cells toward PGE2. Stimulation of mast cells that lacked NTAL with PGE2 enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT and the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. In resting NTAL-deficient mast cells, phosphorylation of an inhibitory threonine in ERM family proteins accompanied increased activation of β1-containing integrins, which are features often associated with increased invasiveness in tumors. Rescue experiments indicated that only full-length, wild-type NTAL restored the chemotaxis of NTAL-deficient cells toward PGE2. Together, these data suggest that NTAL is a key inhibitor of mast cell chemotaxis toward PGE2, which may act through the RHOA/ERM/β1-integrin and PI3K/AKT axes.
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14
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Kamiyama H, Izumida M, Umemura Y, Hayashi H, Matsuyama T, Kubo Y. Role of Ezrin Phosphorylation in HIV-1 Replication. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1912. [PMID: 30210460 PMCID: PMC6119696 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-cell expression of the ezrin protein is required for CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV-1 infection. Ezrin function is regulated by phosphorylation at threonine-567. This study investigates the role of ezrin phosphorylation in HIV-1 infection and virion release. We analyzed the effects of ezrin mutations involving substitution of threonine-567 by alanine (EZ-TA), a constitutively inactive mutant, or by aspartic acid (EZ-TD), which mimics phosphorylated threonine. We also investigated the effects of ezrin silencing on HIV-1 virion release using a specific siRNA. We observed that X4-tropic HIV-1 vector infection was inhibited by expression of the EZ-TA mutant but increased by expression of the EZ-TD mutant, suggesting that ezrin phosphorylation in target cells is required for efficient HIV-1 entry. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of ezrin (EZ-N) and ezrin silencing in HIV-1 vector-producing cells significantly reduced the infectivity of released virions without affecting virion production. This result indicates that endogenous ezrin expression is required for virion infectivity. The EZ-TD but not the EZ-TA inhibited virion release from HIV-1 vector-producing cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ezrin phosphorylation in target cells is required for efficient HIV-1 entry but inhibits virion release from HIV-1 vector-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kamiyama
- Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mai Izumida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuria Umemura
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Medical University Research Administrator (MEDURA), Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kubo
- Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Sumida H, Lu E, Chen H, Yang Q, Mackie K, Cyster JG. GPR55 regulates intraepithelial lymphocyte migration dynamics and susceptibility to intestinal damage. Sci Immunol 2018; 2:2/18/eaao1135. [PMID: 29222090 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) of the small intestine are intimately associated with the epithelial cells. Yet, the factors controlling their migration and interaction dynamics are poorly understood. We demonstrate that GPR55, a receptor that mediates migration inhibition in response to lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), negatively regulates T cell receptor γδ (TCRγδ) IEL accumulation in the small intestine. Intravital imaging studies show that GPR55-deficient IELs migrate faster and interact more extensively with epithelial cells. GPR55 also negatively regulates T cell homing to the small intestine and γδT cell egress from Peyer's patches. GPR55 deficiency or short-term antagonist treatment protects from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced increases in intestinal permeability. These findings identify a migration-inhibitory receptor that restrains IEL-epithelial cell cross-talk and show that antagonism of this receptor can protect from intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayakazu Sumida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Erick Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hsin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qiyun Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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16
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Lubart Q, Vitet H, Dalonneau F, Le Roy A, Kowalski M, Lourdin M, Ebel C, Weidenhaupt M, Picart C. Role of Phosphorylation in Moesin Interactions with PIP 2-Containing Biomimetic Membranes. Biophys J 2018; 114:98-112. [PMID: 29320700 PMCID: PMC5912500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin, a protein of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin family, which links the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton, is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including viral budding and infection. Its interaction with the plasma membrane occurs via a key phosphoinositide, the phosphatidyl(4,5)inositol-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphorylation of residue T558, which has been shown to contribute, in cellulo, to a conformationally open protein. We study the impact of a double phosphomimetic mutation of moesin (T235D, T558D), which mimics the phosphorylation state of the protein, on protein/PIP2/microtubule interactions. Analytical ultracentrifugation in the micromolar range showed moesin in the monomer and dimer forms, with wild-type (WT) moesin containing a slightly larger fraction (∼30%) of dimers than DD moesin (10-20%). Only DD moesin was responsive to PIP2 in its micellar form. Quantitative cosedimentation assays using large unilamellar vesicles and quartz crystal microbalance on supported lipid bilayers containing PIP2 reveal a specific cooperative interaction for DD moesin with an ability to bind two PIP2 molecules simultaneously, whereas WT moesin was able to bind only one. In addition, DD moesin could subsequently interact with microtubules, whereas WT moesin was unable to do so. Altogether, our results point to an important role of these two phosphorylation sites in the opening of moesin: since DD moesin is intrinsically in a more open conformation than WT moesin, this intermolecular interaction is reinforced by its binding to PIP2. We also highlight important differences between moesin and ezrin, which appear to be finely regulated and to exhibit distinct molecular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lubart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Helene Vitet
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Dalonneau
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Kowalski
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Lourdin
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Ebel
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Weidenhaupt
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.
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18
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Dunst J, Azzouz N, Liu X, Tsukita S, Seeberger PH, Kamena F. Interaction between Plasmodium Glycosylphosphatidylinositol and the Host Protein Moesin Has No Implication in Malaria Pathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:183. [PMID: 28560184 PMCID: PMC5432536 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of Plasmodium falciparum origin is considered an important toxin leading to severe malaria pathology through stimulation of pro-inflammatory responses from innate immune cells. Even though the GPI-induced immune response is widely described to be mediated by pattern recognition receptors such as TLR2 and TLR4, previous studies have revealed that these two receptors are dispensable for the development of severe malaria pathology. Therefore, this study aimed at the identification of potential alternative Plasmodium GPI receptors. Herein, we have identified the host protein moesin as an interaction partner of Plasmodium GPI in vitro. Given previous reports indicating the relevance of moesin especially in the LPS-mediated induction of pro-inflammatory responses, we have conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to address the physiological relevance of the moesin-Plasmodium GPI interaction in the context of malaria pathology. We report here that although moesin and Plasmodium GPI interact in vitro, moesin is not critically involved in processes leading to Plasmodium-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses or malaria-associated cerebral pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Dunst
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Nahid Azzouz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam, Germany
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Department of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam, Germany
| | - Faustin Kamena
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
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19
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ITIM receptors: more than just inhibitors of platelet activation. Blood 2017; 129:3407-3418. [PMID: 28465343 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-720185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-containing receptors have been shown to inhibit signaling from immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing receptors in almost all hematopoietic cells, including platelets. However, a growing body of evidence has emerged demonstrating that this is an oversimplification, and that ITIM-containing receptors are versatile regulators of platelet signal transduction, with functions beyond inhibiting ITAM-mediated platelet activation. PECAM-1 was the first ITIM-containing receptor identified in platelets and appeared to conform to the established model of ITIM-mediated attenuation of ITAM-driven activation. PECAM-1 was therefore widely accepted as a major negative regulator of platelet activation and thrombosis for many years, but more recent findings suggest a more complex role for this receptor, including the facilitation of αIIbβ3-mediated platelet functions. Since the identification of PECAM-1, several other ITIM-containing platelet receptors have been discovered. These include G6b-B, a critical regulator of platelet reactivity and production, and the noncanonical ITIM-containing receptor TREM-like transcript-1, which is localized to α-granules in resting platelets, binds fibrinogen, and acts as a positive regulator of platelet activation. Despite structural similarities and shared binding partners, including the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2, knockout and transgenic mouse models have revealed distinct phenotypes and nonredundant functions for each ITIM-containing receptor in the context of platelet homeostasis. These roles are likely influenced by receptor density, compartmentalization, and as-yet unknown binding partners. In this review, we discuss the diverse repertoire of ITIM-containing receptors in platelets, highlighting intriguing new functions, controversies, and future areas of investigation.
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The protective role of MLCP-mediated ERM dephosphorylation in endotoxin-induced lung injury in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39018. [PMID: 27976727 PMCID: PMC5157034 DOI: 10.1038/srep39018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the role of MLC phosphatase (MLCP) in a LPS model of acute lung injury (ALI). We demonstrate that ectopic expression of a constitutively-active (C/A) MLCP regulatory subunit (MYPT1) attenuates the ability of LPS to increase endothelial (EC) permeability. Down-regulation of MYPT1 exacerbates LPS-induced expression of ICAM1 suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of MLCP. To determine whether MLCP contributes to LPS-induced ALI in vivo, we utilized a nanoparticle DNA delivery method to specifically target lung EC. Expression of a C/A MYPT1 reduced LPS-induced lung inflammation and vascular permeability. Further, increased expression of the CS1β (MLCP catalytic subunit) also reduced LPS-induced lung inflammation, whereas the inactive CS1β mutant increased vascular leak. We next examined the role of the cytoskeletal targets of MLCP, the ERM proteins (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin), in mediating barrier dysfunction. LPS-induced increase in EC permeability was accompanied by PKC-mediated increase in ERM phosphorylation, which was more prominent in CS1β-depleted cells. Depletion of Moesin and Ezrin, but not Radixin attenuated LPS-induced increases in permeability. Further, delivery of a Moesin phospho-null mutant into murine lung endothelium attenuated LPS-induced lung inflammation and vascular leak suggesting that MLCP opposes LPS-induced ALI by mediating the dephosphorylation of Moesin and Ezrin.
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Ramírez-Santiago G, Robles-Valero J, Morlino G, Cruz-Adalia A, Pérez-Martínez M, Zaldivar A, Torres-Torresano M, Chichón FJ, Sorrentino A, Pereiro E, Carrascosa JL, Megías D, Sorzano COS, Sánchez-Madrid F, Veiga E. Clathrin regulates lymphocyte migration by driving actin accumulation at the cellular leading edge. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2376-2387. [PMID: 27405273 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte migration, which is essential for effective immune responses, belongs to the so-called amoeboid migration. The lymphocyte migration is up to 100 times faster than between mesenchymal and epithelial cell types. Migrating lymphocytes are highly polarized in three well-defined structural and functional zones: uropod, medial zone, and leading edge (LE). The actiomyosin-dependent driving force moves forward the uropod, whereas massive actin rearrangements protruding the cell membrane are observed at the LE. These actin rearrangements resemble those observed at the immunological synapse driven by clathrin, a protein normally involved in endocytic processes. Here, we used cell lines as well as primary lymphocytes to demonstrate that clathrin and clathrin adaptors colocalize with actin at the LE of migrating lymphocytes, but not in other cellular zones that accumulate both clathrin and actin. Moreover, clathrin and clathrin adaptors, including Hrs, the clathrin adaptor for multivesicular bodies, drive local actin accumulation at the LE. Clathrin recruitment at the LE resulted necessary for a complete cell polarization and further lymphocyte migration in both 2D and 3D migration models. Therefore, clathrin, including the clathrin population associated to internal vesicles, controls lymphocyte migration by regulating actin rearrangements occurring at the LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ramírez-Santiago
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Robles-Valero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Morlino
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Airen Zaldivar
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Macromolecular Structures, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Torresano
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Chichón
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Macromolecular Structures, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments Division, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pereiro
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments Division, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Carrascosa
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Macromolecular Structures, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada CNB (CSIC)-Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Oscar S Sorzano
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Macromolecular Structures, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esteban Veiga
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain.
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X-linked primary immunodeficiency associated with hemizygous mutations in the moesin (MSN) gene. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1681-1689.e8. [PMID: 27405666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated 7 male patients (from 5 different families) presenting with profound lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, fluctuating monocytopenia and neutropenia, a poor immune response to vaccine antigens, and increased susceptibility to bacterial and varicella zoster virus infections. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the genetic defect involved in a new form of X-linked immunodeficiency. METHODS We performed genetic analyses and an exhaustive phenotypic and functional characterization of the lymphocyte compartment. RESULTS We observed hemizygous mutations in the moesin (MSN) gene (located on the X chromosome and coding for MSN) in all 7 patients. Six of the latter had the same missense mutation, which led to an amino acid substitution (R171W) in the MSN four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin domain. The seventh patient had a nonsense mutation leading to a premature stop codon mutation (R533X). The naive T-cell counts were particularly low for age, and most CD8+ T cells expressed the senescence marker CD57. This phenotype was associated with impaired T-cell proliferation, which was rescued by expression of wild-type MSN. MSN-deficient T cells also displayed poor chemokine receptor expression, increased adhesion molecule expression, and altered migration and adhesion capacities. CONCLUSION Our observations establish a causal link between an ezrin-radixin-moesin protein mutation and a primary immunodeficiency that could be referred to as X-linked moesin-associated immunodeficiency.
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23
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Leroy C, Belkina NV, Long T, Deruy E, Dissous C, Shaw S, Tulasne D. Caspase Cleavages of the Lymphocyte-oriented Kinase Prevent Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin Phosphorylation during Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10148-61. [PMID: 26945071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphocyte-oriented kinase (LOK), also called serine threonine kinase 10 (STK10), is synthesized mainly in lymphocytes. It is involved in lymphocyte migration and polarization and can phosphorylate ezrin, radixin, and moesin (the ERM proteins). In a T lymphocyte cell line and in purified human lymphocytes, we found LOK to be cleaved by caspases during apoptosis. The first cleavage occurs at aspartic residue 332, located between the kinase domain and the coiled-coil regulation domain. This cleavage generates an N-terminal fragment, p50 N-LOK, containing the kinase domain and a C-terminal fragment, which is further cleaved during apoptosis. Although these cleavages preserve the entire kinase domain, p50 N-LOK displays no kinase activity. In apoptotic lymphocytes, caspase cleavages of LOK are concomitant with a decrease in ERM phosphorylation. When non-apoptotic lymphocytes from mice with homozygous and heterozygous LOK knockout were compared, the latter showed a higher level of ERM phosphorylation, but when apoptosis was induced, LOK(-/-) and LOK(+/-) lymphocytes showed the same low level, confirming in vivo that LOK-induced ERM phosphorylation is prevented during lymphocyte apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that cleavage of LOK during apoptosis abolishes its kinase activity, causing a decrease in ERM phosphorylation, crucial to the role of the ERM proteins in linking the plasma membrane to actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Leroy
- From the University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8161, Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Thavy Long
- the University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeric Deruy
- the University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Colette Dissous
- the University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Stephen Shaw
- Experimental Immunology Branch Branches, NCI/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - David Tulasne
- From the University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8161, Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
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24
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Abstract
Store Operated Ca(2+) Entry (SOCE), the main Ca(2+) influx mechanism in non-excitable cells, is implicated in the immune response and has been reported to be affected in several pathologies including cancer. The basic molecular constituents of SOCE are Orai, the pore forming unit, and STIM, a multidomain protein with at least two principal functions: one is to sense the Ca(2+) content inside the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) and the second is to activate Orai channels upon depletion of the ER. The link between Ca(2+) depletion inside the ER and Ca(2+) influx from extracellular media is through a direct association of STIM and Orai, but for this to occur, both molecules have to interact and form clusters where ER and plasma membrane (PM) are intimately apposed. In recent years a great number of components have been identified as participants in SOCE regulation, including regions of plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, the so called lipid rafts, which recruit a complex platform of specialized microdomains, which cells use to regulate spatiotemporal Ca(2+) signals.
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25
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Dual functions of Rap1 are crucial for T-cell homeostasis and prevention of spontaneous colitis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8982. [PMID: 26634692 PMCID: PMC4686857 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rap1-GTP activates leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) to induce arrest on the high endothelial venule (HEV). Here we show that Rap1-GDP restrains rolling behaviours of T cells on the peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd), P-selectin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MadCAM-1) by inhibiting tether formation. Consequently, Rap1 deficiency impairs homing of naive T cells to peripheral lymph nodes, but accelerates homing of TH17 and TH1 cells to the colon, resulting in spontaneous colitis with tumours. Rap1-GDP associates with and activates lymphocyte-oriented kinase, which phosphorylates ERM (ezrin, radixin and moesin) in resting T cells. Phosphomimetic ezrin reduces the rolling of Rap1-deficient cells, and thereby decreases their homing into the colon. On the other hand, chemokines activate Rap1 at the plasma membrane within seconds, and Rap1-GTP binds to filamins, which diminishes its association with the β2 chain of LFA-1 and results in LFA-1 activation. This Rap1-dependent regulation of T-cell circulation prevents the onset of colitis. Rap1, a member of the Ras family of small guanine triphosphatases, mediates lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial venules. Here the authors show that depending on its activation status Rap1 plays a dual role in T cell adhesion and by regulating T cell homeostasis is involved in the protection from colitis.
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26
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Dupré L, Houmadi R, Tang C, Rey-Barroso J. T Lymphocyte Migration: An Action Movie Starring the Actin and Associated Actors. Front Immunol 2015; 6:586. [PMID: 26635800 PMCID: PMC4649030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is composed of a dynamic filament meshwork that builds the architecture of the cell to sustain its fundamental properties. This physical structure is characterized by a continuous remodeling, which allows cells to accomplish complex motility steps such as directed migration, crossing of biological barriers, and interaction with other cells. T lymphocytes excel in these motility steps to ensure their immune surveillance duties. In particular, actin cytoskeleton remodeling is a key to facilitate the journey of T lymphocytes through distinct tissue environments and to tune their stop and go behavior during the scanning of antigen-presenting cells. The molecular mechanisms controlling actin cytoskeleton remodeling during T lymphocyte motility have been only partially unraveled, since the function of many actin regulators has not yet been assessed in these cells. Our review aims to integrate the current knowledge into a comprehensive picture of how the actin cytoskeleton drives T lymphocyte migration. We will present the molecular actors that control actin cytoskeleton remodeling, as well as their role in the different T lymphocyte motile steps. We will also highlight which challenges remain to be addressed experimentally and which approaches appear promising to tackle them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dupré
- INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; CNRS, UMR 5282 , Toulouse , France
| | - Raïssa Houmadi
- INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; CNRS, UMR 5282 , Toulouse , France
| | - Catherine Tang
- INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; CNRS, UMR 5282 , Toulouse , France ; Master BIOTIN, Université Montpellier I , Montpellier , France
| | - Javier Rey-Barroso
- INSERM, UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; CNRS, UMR 5282 , Toulouse , France
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27
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Chang TW, Gracon ASA, Murphy MP, Wilkes DS. Exploring autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H719-27. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00273.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a disease process that carries significant morbidity and mortality in the absence of early identification and treatment. While current management includes surveillance and surgical treatment of low- and high-risk aneurysms, respectively, our narrow understanding of the pathophysiology of AAAs limits our ability to more effectively manage and perhaps even prevent the occurrence of this highly morbid disease. Over the past couple of decades, there has been considerable interest in exploring the role of autoimmunity as an etiological component of AAA. This review covers the current literature pertaining to this immunological process, focusing on research that highlights the local and systemic immune components found in both human patients and murine models. A better understanding of the autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AAAs can pave the way to novel and improved treatment strategies in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W. Chang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Adam S. A. Gracon
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - David S. Wilkes
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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28
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Haeger JD, Hambruch N, Dantzer V, Hoelker M, Schellander K, Klisch K, Pfarrer C. Changes in endometrial ezrin and cytokeratin 18 expression during bovine implantation and in caruncular endometrial spheroids in vitro. Placenta 2015; 36:821-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Manes NP, Angermann BR, Koppenol-Raab M, An E, Sjoelund VH, Sun J, Ishii M, Germain RN, Meier-Schellersheim M, Nita-Lazar A. Targeted Proteomics-Driven Computational Modeling of Macrophage S1P Chemosensing. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015. [PMID: 26199343 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.048918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are monocyte-derived multinuclear cells that directly attach to and resorb bone. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)(1) regulates bone resorption by functioning as both a chemoattractant and chemorepellent of osteoclast precursors through two G-protein coupled receptors that antagonize each other in an S1P-concentration-dependent manner. To quantitatively explore the behavior of this chemosensing pathway, we applied targeted proteomics, transcriptomics, and rule-based pathway modeling using the Simmune toolset. RAW264.7 cells (a mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line) were used as model osteoclast precursors, RNA-seq was used to identify expressed target proteins, and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry using internal peptide standards was used to perform absolute abundance measurements of pathway proteins. The resulting transcript and protein abundance values were strongly correlated. Measured protein abundance values, used as simulation input parameters, led to in silico pathway behavior matching in vitro measurements. Moreover, once model parameters were established, even simulated responses toward stimuli that were not used for parameterization were consistent with experimental findings. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and value of combining targeted mass spectrometry with pathway modeling for advancing biological insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Manes
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421
| | - Bastian R Angermann
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421
| | - Marijke Koppenol-Raab
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421
| | - Eunkyung An
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421
| | - Virginie H Sjoelund
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421
| | - Jing Sun
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421
| | - Masaru Ishii
- §Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ronald N Germain
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421
| | - Martin Meier-Schellersheim
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0421;
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30
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Guerra L, Favia M, Castellani S, Barbuti G, Montemurro P, Diana A, Santostasi T, Polizzi AM, Mariggiò MA, Reshkin SJ, Manca A, Casavola V, Conese M. Antibiotic therapy affects functional behaviour in cystic fibrosis blood mononuclear cells. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:558-61. [PMID: 26065564 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00230214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Barbuti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of General Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Montemurro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of General Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Diana
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncology, Section Pediatrics, U.O. "B. Trambusti", University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Santostasi
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncology, Section Pediatrics, U.O. "B. Trambusti", University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela M Polizzi
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncology, Section Pediatrics, U.O. "B. Trambusti", University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of General Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Manca
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncology, Section Pediatrics, U.O. "B. Trambusti", University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy These authors share senior authorship
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy These authors share senior authorship
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31
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Epting D, Slanchev K, Boehlke C, Hoff S, Loges NT, Yasunaga T, Indorf L, Nestel S, Lienkamp SS, Omran H, Kuehn EW, Ronneberger O, Walz G, Kramer-Zucker A. The Rac1 regulator ELMO controls basal body migration and docking in multiciliated cells through interaction with Ezrin. Development 2015; 142:174-84. [PMID: 25516973 DOI: 10.1242/dev.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are present on most cells and are required for normal tissue development and function. Defective cilia cause complex syndromes with multiple organ manifestations termed ciliopathies. A crucial step during ciliogenesis in multiciliated cells (MCCs) is the association of future basal bodies with the apical plasma membrane, followed by their correct spacing and planar orientation. Here, we report a novel role for ELMO-DOCK1, which is a bipartite guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex for the small GTPase Rac1, and for the membrane-cytoskeletal linker Ezrin, in regulating centriole/basal body migration, docking and spacing. Downregulation of each component results in ciliopathy-related phenotypes in zebrafish and disrupted ciliogenesis in Xenopus epidermal MCCs. Subcellular analysis revealed a striking impairment of basal body docking and spacing, which is likely to account for the observed phenotypes. These results are substantiated by showing a genetic interaction between elmo1 and ezrin b. Finally, we provide biochemical evidence that the ELMO-DOCK1-Rac1 complex influences Ezrin phosphorylation and thereby probably serves as an important molecular switch. Collectively, we demonstrate that the ELMO-Ezrin complex orchestrates ciliary basal body migration, docking and positioning in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Epting
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Krasimir Slanchev
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | | | - Sylvia Hoff
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Niki T Loges
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Takayuki Yasunaga
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Lara Indorf
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Sigrun Nestel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Soeren S Lienkamp
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - E Wolfgang Kuehn
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Olaf Ronneberger
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
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32
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Abstract
The cell cortex is a dynamic and heterogeneous structure that governs cell identity and behavior. The ERM proteins (ezrin, radixin and moesin) are major architects of the cell cortex, and they link plasma membrane phospholipids and proteins to the underlying cortical actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies in several model systems have uncovered surprisingly dynamic and complex molecular activities of the ERM proteins and have provided new mechanistic insight into how they build and maintain cortical domains. Among many well-established and essential functions of ERM proteins, this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster will focus on the role of ERMs in organizing the cell cortex during cell division and apical morphogenesis. These examples highlight an emerging appreciation that the ERM proteins both locally alter the mechanical properties of the cell cortex, and control the spatial distribution and activity of key membrane complexes, establishing the ERM proteins as a nexus for the physical and functional organization of the cell cortex and making it clear that they are much more than scaffolds. This article is part of a Minifocus on Establishing polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I McClatchey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School Department of Pathology, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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33
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Niggli V. Insights into the mechanism for dictating polarity in migrating T-cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 312:201-70. [PMID: 25262243 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800178-3.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on mechanisms of chemokine-induced polarization of T-lymphocytes. Polarization involves, starting from spherical cells, formation of a morphologically and functionally different rear (uropod) and front (leading edge). This polarization is required for efficient random and directed T-cell migration. The addressed topics concern the specific location of cell organelles and of receptors, signaling molecules, and cytoskeletal proteins in chemokine-stimulated polarized T-cells. In chemokine-stimulated, polarized T-cells, specific proteins, signaling molecules and organelles show enrichment either in the rear, the midzone, or the front; different from the random location in spherical resting cells. Possible mechanisms involved in this asymmetric location will be discussed. A major topic is also the functional role of proteins and cell organelles in T-cell polarization and migration. Specifically, the roles of adhesion and chemokine receptors, cytoskeletal proteins, signaling molecules, scaffolding proteins, and membrane microdomains in these processes will be discussed. The polarity which is established during contact formation of T-cells with antigen-presenting cells is not discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Niggli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis K. Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
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